专题3.1.2 动词的时态和语态（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）2026届高考英语一轮复习【语法核心突破·精讲精练】

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦动词时态和语态核心考点，依据高考评价体系梳理2020-2025年真题考向，明确基本时态、主动被动语态等高频考点分布，归纳单句语法填空、语法填空等常考题型，构建完整备考体系，体现针对性和实用性。 课件亮点在于“真题训练+易错突破+素养提升”，如结合2022浙江1月真题，解析过去完成时“过去的过去”判定方法，培养思维品质；书面表达易错点聚焦纠正中式英语，提升语言能力，帮助学生掌握时态语态转换技巧，教师可据此精准教学，助力高效备考。

专题3.1.2 动词的时态和语态 2026届高考英语一轮复习 【语法核心突破•精讲精练】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2025年高考真题 考向 1 动词的基本时态 考向 2 动词的主动、被动语态 2. 考点精析 动词的时态和语态的形式 谓语动词的五种基本形式 动词时态的核心考点 3. 书面表达中动词易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(动词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 3.一般将来时考点分析 (1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用 will/shall + 动词原形(shall用于第一人称，will用于各人称)，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week, in the future 等。 The teachers will have a meeting about improving online class engagement. We will / shall go to the beach tomorrow, no matter the weather! (2)表示趋向行为的动词如 come, go, start, begin, leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。 The CEO is leaving for New York to attend the conference. (3)一般将来时的其他表达方式 be going to do, be to do, be about to do 的用法及区别 ①be going to do 在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象。 Let’s go to the park! We are going to meet there at 3 PM. ②be to do 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 The UN Climate Summit is to be held in November. The volunteers are to go to the disaster zone once the roads are cleared. ③be about to do 表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。 The president is about to arrive at the White House. 注意：be going to do 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/ will do 表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而 will do则能，表意愿。 If it is fine today, we’ll go fishing by the lake. If it is fine today, we are going to go fishing by the lake. [√] [×] 4.现在进行时考点分析 (1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划； go, come等表示位置移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always, often 等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或表达某种感情色彩。 Look, the train is just pulling out of the railway station. The river is rising fast after the heavy rain last night. Henry is meeting Mr. Wang at the lecture hall tomorrow. We are leaving for Shanghai on Thursday morning. The girl is always losing her keys while she doesn’t, today. (2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。 ①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, (dis)agree, mean, need, doubt, prefer, realize, appreciate, recognize, remember, suppose, understand, astonish, deny, impress, please, satisfy等。 ②表示存在状态的动词：be, appear, concern, consist, contain, depend, deserve, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to等。 ③表示行为结果的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。 ④表示感官的动词：see (看见), hear (听见), feel (感觉出), taste (尝出), smell (闻到), notice (注意), observe (观察), look (看起来)等。 5.过去进行时态考点分析 1) 过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 What were you riding when you visited the countryside? 2) 过去进行时的固定句型 They were playfully teasing each other when the teacher came in. Sarah was reading while John was sleeping in the class. Mother came back home while Kate was watching TV. 请比较 He said that he watched TV series last night. (过去时间 last night，用一般过去时) He said that he was watching TV series at nine last night. (过去时间 last night+点时间 at nine，用过去进行时) 6.现在完成时考点分析 (1)现在完成时除可以和 for, since 引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last (past) few years (months, weeks...), in recent years, so far, up to now 等。 (2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。 It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since 从句 This (That/It) is the first (second...) time that + 主语 + 现在完成时 (3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。 I’ll give you the money as soon as I have received my salary. As soon as I have finished my homework, I will call you. Once you have made the payment, your order will be processed. The bus driver said, “Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.” 7.过去完成时考点分析 (1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。 ①在 by, by the end of, by the time, until, before, since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。 By the time he arrived, I had already remembered the answer. He couldn’t return the book because the librarian had just left. ②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped / planned ... + to have done。 I had just planned my schedule when my boss gave me a new project. ③“时间名词 +before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。 They couldn’t join the tour because they had already been to that museum. They graduated from school ten years ago, and then worked in a big city. ④在 hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner 置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。 The detective had hardly arrived at the crime scene when he noticed a crucial clue. = Hardly had the detective arrived at the crime scene when he noticed a crucial clue. (2)在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After we (had) finished all our tasks, we felt very relaxed. The car crashed into the tree before the driver saw the warning sign. 8. 过去将来时考点分析 过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。 My grandfather would study by candlelight because there was no electricity at that time. 9. 注意几组时态的区别 (1)一般过去时与现在完成时： ①时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如 ago, last year, just now, the other day 等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。 ②结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。 (2)过去完成时与一般过去时： 过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式，则只用一般过去时即可，不需要用过去完成时。 动词被动语态的核心考点 动词的被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语中也用 “get / become +过去分词”表示。 被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。 1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 (1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 My husband bought me a diamond necklace as a birthday gift. → A diamond necklace was bought to me (by my husband) as a birthday gift. → I was bought a diamond necklace (by my husband) as a birthday gift. (2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加 to(位置不变)。 The cruel owner made the laborers work 16-hour shifts in hazardous conditions. → The laborers were made to work 16-hour shifts in hazardous conditions (by the cruel owner). (3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。 My grandfather had to be operated on immediately due to a heart attack. The police confirmed that the death threat would be looked into seriously. (4)情态动词，be going to, be to, be sure to, have to 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。 The university may invite Nobel Prize winners to give lectures next semester. → Nobel Prize winners may be invited to give lectures next semester (by the university). (5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式： ①谓语动词用被动语态，后跟动词不定式。 ②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。 Scientists believe that climate change is accelerating due to human activities. → Climate change is believed to be accelerating due to human activities. → It is believed that climate change is accelerating due to human activities. Modern medicine knows that viruses can mutate (快速变异) rapidly. → Viruses are all known to mutate (快速变异) rapidly. → It is all known that viruses can mutate (快速变异) rapidly. 类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped / thought that... 2.不能用被动语态的几种情况 (1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into等。 (2)表示状态的谓语动词及系动词，如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost, appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 等。 (3)表示归属的动词，如：have, own, belong to等。 (4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate 等。 (5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 (6)定语是同源宾语(如：die/death, dream/dream, live/life等)、不定式，动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。 3. 主动表被动的九种情况总结 1.连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。如： The food smells very delicious.这食物闻起来很美味。 Your idea sounded to be quite right. 你的想法听起来很对。 2.当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The windows won’t shut.这些窗户关不上。 The newspapers won’t sell quickly.这些报纸不会销售得很快。 3.有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如: Be careful—your jacket might catch on a tree if you lean too close. 小心，靠太近的话外套会被树钩住。 His voice trembled, his eyes filled with tears, when he spoke about his late father. 当他谈起已故的父亲时，声音颤抖，眼中含泪。 Their marriage worked out better than anyone expected. 他们的婚姻比任何人预期的都要幸福。 A black pickup truck turned off into Maple Street. 一辆小型黑色货车拐进了枫树街。 4. 不定式to blame, to let 用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。如： Looking back, I realize I was to blame for our friendship ending. 回想起来，我明白我们的友谊破裂是我的责任。 The property you viewed last week is still to let. Would you like to apply? 您上周看的房子仍在招租，要申请吗？ 5.某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如： The antique table was too heavy to carry downstairs. 那张古董桌子太重了，搬不到楼下。 Light rainfall is infinitely more pleasant to listen to than city traffic noises. 听雨声比听城市交通噪音要愉快得多。 A starry night sky is always interesting to look at, especially in the countryside. 星空总是很有趣，尤其是在乡村。 注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。 6.不定式用于某些动词(如：have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如： Would you have time to help me proofread my essay later? 你待会儿有时间帮我校对论文吗？ Don’t leave your clothes to wash in the machine overnight—they’ll smell musty. 别把要洗的衣服留在洗衣机里过夜，会发霉味的。 She picked up something to drink at the convenience store. 她在便利店买了喝的。 注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较: Do you have something to take to your son? 你有东西要带给你的儿子吗？(指自己带) Do you have something to be taken to your son?你有东西要带给你的儿子吗？(指请人带) 7.在too ... to do sth和…enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式to do为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。如: This suitcase is too heavy to lift—can you help me carry it? 这个行李箱太重了，你能帮我搬吗？ Our car is finally big enough to carry the whole family plus luggage. 我们的车终于够大，能载全家人和行李了。 8. be worth 后的动名词要用主动表被动。如： The museum’s new exhibition is well worth visiting if you love modern art. 如果你喜欢现代艺术，博物馆的新展览很值得一看。 The movie isn’t well worth watching—just rewatch the original. 这部电影不值得看，不如重温第一部。 注：与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of)，要用被动式表示被动含义： His dedication is worthy to be recognized / of being recognized by the entire company. 他的奉献精神值得全公司认可。 9.在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。如： The subway train needs repairing due to an electrical fault. 地铁列车因电路故障需要修理。 These rescued puppies require looking after until they find permanent homes. 这些被救助的幼犬需要照顾，直到找到领养家庭。 That broken fence want fixing before the dog escapes. 那个破篱笆得修了，不然狗会跑出去。 注：该结构中的动名词改用不定式，则要用被动式表被动。如： The subway train needs to be repaired due to an electrical fault. 地铁列车因电路故障需要修理。 These rescued puppies require to be looked after until they find permanent homes. 这些被救助的幼犬需要照顾，直到找到领养家庭。 That broken fence want to be fixed before the dog escapes. 那个破篱笆得修了，不然狗会跑出去。 4.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况： be seated 坐着； be hidden 躲藏； be lost 迷路； be drunk 喝醉； be dressed 穿着 be finished 完成 be stationed 驻扎 be surprised 感到惊讶 be excited 感到兴奋 be married (to) 结婚 be gone 离开/消失 be armed (with) 武装/携带 5.被动语态与系表结构的区别 此处的系表结构指“连系动词 +用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别: 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。 The house was sold by the owner without using a realtor (中介). (被动语态) The concept of sustainable living is well sold to younger generations. (系表结构) 3.书面表达中谓语动词易错点聚焦 1.中式英语比比皆是 I very like see TV and every day I also will see some newspapers. I like watching TV very much and every day I read some newspapers as well. (习惯性动词用一般现在时) I don’t realise I next will do what. I don’t realise what I will do next. (误) (正) (误) (正) 2.句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语 The windows broken during the storm. The windows were broken during the storm. Today, the largest number of people speak English may be in China. Today, the largest number of people who speak English may be in China. Today, the largest number of people speaking English may be in China. There are many students study English very hard in their schools. There are many students studying English very hard in their schools. There are many students who study English very hard in their schools. (误) (正) (误) (正) (正) (误) (正) (正) 3.动词的时态、语态及系动词 be的乱用 They have been working to solve the issue, but it’s not fixed yet. They are working to solve the issue, but it’s not fixed yet. She wrote an article about climate change and reads it to the class. She liked an article about climate change and read it to the class. I was used to think that money was the most important thing in life. I used to think that money was the most important thing in life. Beijing, China will take place the 2020 Winter Olympics. The 2020 Winter Olympics will be taken place in Beijing, China. The 2020 Winter Olympics will take place in Beijing, China. (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (误) (正) 4.考点集训 题组一 动词时态集训 单句语法填空(原创) 1. As night fell, the forest ______ (begin) to whisper with unseen creatures. 【解析】began 考查动词时态。句意：夜幕降临，森林中开始传来无形的生物的窃窃私语。根据从句as night fell中的时态，此空应该保持一致。 2. Tech startups ______ (spring) up in this area due to government funding since then. 【解析】have sprung 考查动词时态。句意：自那时起，由于政府资助，这一领域的科技初创公司如雨后春笋般涌现。根据句中的时间状语来看，这里应该用完成时。另外，句子主语是复数形式。 3. Our team ______ (search) for a solution to this bug since yesterday. 【解析】has been searching 考查动词时态。句意：我们的团队从昨天开始一直在寻找这个bug的解决方案。根据句中的时间状语来看，这里应该用完成时。另外，句子主语是our team，指团队成员，为复数形式。 4. The spy freezes—the silent alarm ______ (ring) in the security room, and footsteps are approaching. 【解析】is ringing 考查动词时态。句意：间谍僵住了——安保室的无声警报已触发，脚步声正在逼近。根据句意，这里表示“警报响起”，根据后半部分的are approaching来看，这里用现在进行时以保持前后时态一致。 5. This luxury hotel ______ (serve) a complimentary champagne breakfast on its rooftop terrace every day. 【解析】serves 句意：这家豪华酒店每天在屋顶露台提供免费香槟早餐。根据句子中的时间状语every day，应该用一般现在时，说明经常性的动作。 6. When the earthquake struck, the villagers ______ (learn) from previous disasters to evacuate immediately—a decision that saved countless lives. 【解析】had learned 句意：地震发生时，村民们从过去的灾难中吸取教训，立即撤离。根据句意来看，“吸取教训”这个动作发生在从句动作struck之前，属于“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时had learned。 7. The patient ______ (attend) this clinic monthly for physical therapy since her car accident. 【解析】has attended 句意：该患者自车祸后每月都来此诊所进行物理治疗。根据句中的时间状语来看since her car accident，这里应该用完成时。另外句子主语是一个单数名词，故填has attended。 8. If this policy passes, it ______ take years for the economy to recover from the initial shock. 【解析】will take 句意：如果这项政策通过，经济将需要数年时间从最初的冲击中恢复。根据句意来看，这里符合“主将从现”的用法，即从句用现在时表将来，主句中应该用一般将来时。 9. The students ______ (stand) in line for lunch when the principal announced over the loudspeaker that school would close due to the snowstorm. 【解析】were standing 句意：学生们正排队领午餐时，校长通过广播宣布因暴风雪学校关闭。根据句子意思和从句中的过去时态来判断，这里应该用过去进行时，表示“当时正在...”。 10.The medical team ______ (leave) for the earthquake zone tonight, carrying emergency supplies to assist survivors trapped under the rubble. 【解析】is leaving 句意：医疗团队今晚将前往地震灾区，携带急救物资救助被困废墟下的幸存者。根据句中时间状语来看，这里应该表将来，而是一个表示位置转移的动词，一般用进行时态表示将来的动作。另外句子主语可以看作一个整体。故填is leaving。 题组二 动词被动语态集训 单句语法填空(原创) 1. Many classic novels ______ (adapt) into successful films so far. 【解析】have been adapted 句意：到现在为止，许多经典小说已被改编成热门电影。根据句意及句中时间状语来看，这里应该用完成时。另外句子主语是表物的名词，应该用被动，表示“被改编成...”。 2. Scientists argue that human activity is ______ (blame) for the rapid increase in global temperatures. 【解析】to blame 句意：科学家认为全球气温快速上升的罪魁祸首是人类活动。blame这个词很特殊，在用不定式做表语时，经常用主动式表达被动意义。故填to blame。 3. If safety standards ______ (not keep), workplace accidents will inevitably increase. 【解析】are not kept 句意：如果安全标准未被遵守，工作场所事故必然增加。根据句意来看，这里符合“主将从现”的用法，即从句用现在时表将来，主句中用一般将来时。此空前的主语是表物的复数名词，应该考虑用被动。故填are not kept。 4. Advanced AI models ______ (develop) to understand human emotions, potentially revolutionizing mental health care. 【解析】are being developed 句意：能理解人类情感的先进AI模型正在开发中，可能彻底改变心理健康治疗。根据句意来看，这里表示“(先进AI模型)正在开发”，另外句子主语是表物的名词，应用被动形式。故填are being developed。 5. The author’s latest novel ______ (complete) after five years of writing, and it’s already receiving critical acclaim. 【解析】is / has been completed 句意：作者耗时五年完成的最新小说已获得评论界赞誉。根据句意及句子中的时间状语来看，这里用现在时表示“完成”的状态。用现在完成时则强调“完成”的动作。两种形式都可以。 6. His laptop screen ______ (break) when it slipped from his backpack on the subway stairs. 【解析】was broken 句意：他的笔记本电脑屏幕在地铁楼梯上从背包滑落时摔坏了。根据句意及句子中的时间状语来看，此空应用一般过去时，表示当时的情形。另外句子主语是表物的名词，应用被动形式。故填was broken。 7. The suspension bridge ______ (design) to withstand earthquakes up to magnitude 8.0 before construction began. 【解析】had been designed 句意：在施工开始前，这座悬索桥就被设计成能承受8.0级地震。根据句意及句子中的时间状语before construction began来看，这里用过去完成时表示“(设计已经)完成”。此动作和began有先后关系，表示过去的过去。 8. Proper safety measures must ______ (take) when working with high-voltage electrical equipment. 【解析】be taken 句意：操作高压电气设备时必须采取适当的安全措施。此空用在情态动词之后，应该用动词原形。另外根据句意，应该用被动。故填be taken。 9. In the golden fields, stalks of wheat ______ (cut) by combine harvesters at dawn. 【解析】were being cut 句意：金色的田野里，联合收割机正在黎明时分收割麦秆。根据句意及句子中的时间状语at dawn来看，这里用过去进行时，表示“(黎明时分)正在收割麦秆”。另外句子主语是stalks of wheat，表物，应该用被动。故填were being cut。 10. The Great Wall ______ (know) worldwide as one of the most impressive man-made structures. 【解析】is known 句意：长城作为最令人印象深刻的人造建筑之一而闻名于世。本句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。另外句子主语是表物的名词，应用被动。故填is known。 题组三 综合集训 I.语法填空:基础训练(动词专练)原创 The Resilience of Typhoon Grass Typhoon Grass, also known as Zhu Jie Cao, is a remarkable plant that 1 (thrive) in coastal regions. When a typhoon hits, most vegetation  2 (destroy), but this grass survives and even flourishes. Scientists  3 (study) its unique adaptations. Its roots  4 (design) to anchor deeply, preventing them from being uprooted by strong winds. Before a storm arrives, the grass bends without breaking, a strategy that  5 (save) countless plants. In the past, farmers  6 (plant) Typhoon Grass to protect their fields. Today, it is still used to prevent soil erosion. If the grass  7 (expose) to saltwater, it can recover quickly. Researchers believe its resilience  8 (inspire) new agricultural methods. By next year, more coastal areas  9 (adopt) this grass. Its ability to endure harsh conditions  10 (praise), proving that nature provides the best solutions. 1. thrives 2. is destroyed 3. have studied 4. are designed 5. has saved 6. planted 7. is exposed 8. will inspire 9. will have adopted 10. has been praised 【导语】本文介绍了台风竹节草 (Typhoon Grass / Zhu Jie Cao)的独特生存能力，重点分析了其在台风等极端天气中的适应性，并探讨了其在农业和生态保护中的应用。文章通过多种时态和语态，展示了该植物的过去、现在和未来的重要性。 1. thrives 考查一般现在时主动语态。句意：台风竹节草是一种非凡的植物，生长繁茂于沿海地区。一般现在时表示客观事实或常态，此处说明竹节草的自然生长习性。 2. is destroyed 考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：当台风来袭时，大多数植被被摧毁，但这种草却能存活甚至茂盛生长。被动语态强调“植被”是被台风破坏的对象，突出竹节草的顽强。 3. have studied 考查现在完成时主动语态。句意：科学家们已经研究了其独特的适应能力。现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，强调研究结果仍具现实意义。 4. are designed 考查一般现在时，被动语态。句意：它的根系被设计（天生具备结构）以深扎土壤，防止被强风连根拔起。被动语态说明根系的特性是自然形成的，而非人为设计。 5. has saved 考查现在完成时主动语态。句意：风暴来临前，这种草会弯曲而不折断，这一策略已拯救了无数植株。现在完成时强调该策略从过去至今持续有效。 6. planted 考查一般过去时主动语态。句意：过去，农民们种植台风竹节草以保护农田。一般过去时描述过去的农业实践。 7. is exposed 考查一般现在时，被动语态。句意：如果这种草暴露在盐水中，它能快速恢复。被动语态强调草受到盐水影响，但仍有耐受性。 8. will inspire 考查一般将来时主动语态。句意：研究者认为，其韧性将启发新的农业技术。一般将来时表示对未来影响的预测。 9. will have adopted 考查将来完成时主动语态。句意：到明年，更多沿海地区将已采用这种草。将来完成时强调在“明年”这一时间点前完成的动作。 10. has been praised 考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：其耐受恶劣条件的能力一直备受赞誉，证明大自然提供了最佳解决方案。现在完成时被动语态强调从过去到现在持续受到的认可。 题组三 综合集训 II.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2022浙江1月) Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others _____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and _________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _______ (rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ______________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak __________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of _____ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the _________ (invite). That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ___________ (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding.”, she says, “a really positive change.” that/who is viewed / has been viewed are changing roughly have promised whether/if the invitation to continue 【导语】本文探讨了学术界为应对气候变化而减少航空旅行的新趋势。随着全球气候危机加剧，越来越多像Cobb这样的学者开始重新评估频繁乘飞机参加学术会议的惯例。文章详细描述了这些科学家如何通过三种方式推动变革：质疑传统学术交流模式；要求会议提供远程参与选项；个人承诺减少飞行。通过具体数据（如Cobb去年减少75%飞行）和个人案例，文章展现了学术界应对气候变化的实际行动及其成效，同时也反映了传统学术交流模式正在经历的转型。 1. that/who 考查关系代词，引导定语从句。句意：Kim Cobb属于那些因气候变化而减少航空旅行的少数但不断增加的学者群体。先行词academics指人，可用who或that引导。从句使用现在进行时are cutting back表示持续进行的动作；注意主谓一致：academics为复数，故用are。 2. is viewed / has been viewed 考查被动语态。句意：科学家们通常认为乘飞机参加各种学术活动对交流很重要。一般现在时被动is viewed，表示普遍认知状态。现在完成时被动has been viewed：强调该观念从过去持续至今。学术写作中更倾向使用现在完成时以示严谨。 3. are 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：但Cobb和其他学者现在正在质疑这一观念。主语Cobb and others为复数，使用现在进行时表示当前正在发生的态度转变，与前半句的一般现在时形成对比，突出变化。 4. changing 考查现在分词表伴随。句意：推动会议提供更多远程参与机会，并改变个人行为。与pushing并列，同为现在分词作伴随状语。逻辑主语与主句主语一致（Cobb and others），体现两个同时进行的动作。可扩展为完整从句：and they are changing... 5. roughly 考查副词，修饰数量。句意：例如在一个叫"No Fly Climate Sci"的网站上，大约200名学者...。修饰数字必须用副词形式。 6. have promised 考查现在完成时。句意：其中许多气候科学家自两年前该行动开始时就承诺尽可能少乘飞机。强调从过去（两年前）持续到现在的状态，since引导的时间状语决定时态选择。 7. whether/if 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：Cobb开始询问邀请她的会议组织者是否能够远程参与。whether更正式，强调选择关系，if更口语化。在介词后或与or not连用时必须用whether。此处两者皆可，但学术语境倾向whether。 8. the 考查定冠词，表特指。句意：在大约四分之三的情况下。特指“她提出请求的那些时间”。不用冠词时表示泛指（如three quarters of time指时间的四分之三。 9. invitation 考查名词作宾语。句意：当得到否定答复时，她就婉拒邀请。动词invite的名词形式：注意拼写，双写t+ation。 10. to continue 考查不定式作宾语。句意：她计划继续这种做法。plan to do为固定搭配， 比较：consider doing, avoid doing等接动名词。体现未来意图，可扩展为从句：she plans that she will continue...。 Ⅱ.增分写作训练 有些老师说:“在写作中，主动不如被动好”，即被动句比主动句表达更准确更生动。在读后续写中，对话较多，用主动更合适，当然具体情况具体对待，不可能千篇一律。请利用被动语态升级以下句式。 1. We will exhibit all the art works on the third floor of the Gallery Center. All the art works will be exhibited on the third floor of the Gallery Center. 2. We expect you to arrive at the concert on time before 8:30 o’clock. You are expected to arrive at the concert on time before 8:30 o’clock. 3.We have selected the teaching plans from 20 pieces handed in by the teachers in the whole school. The teaching plans have been selected from 20 pieces handed in by the teachers in the whole school. Thank you $$