Unit 4 Living with technology（知识清单）英语译林版2020选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Living with technology 单词 1. castle n. 城堡 2. input n. 输入的信息，投入 vt. (input, input)输入(信息) 3. capacity n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量→capable adj. 能力的 4. analyse (AmE analyze) vt. 分析→analysis n. 分析 5. massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 6. network n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；(互联)网络 7. coin vt. 创造(新词语) 8. breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 adj. 突破性的 9. finance n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金→financial adj. 财政的；金融的；资金的→financially adv. 财政上;金融上 10. autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的 11. domestic adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 12. threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→threat n. 威胁，恐吓 13. commit vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入，忠于→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的→commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 14. crime n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminal n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的，犯法的 15. urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望→urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的→urgency n. 紧急；急迫 16. pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询 vi. 摆好姿势 n. 姿势 17. apparently adv. 显然，可见→apparently adv. 显然,可见 18. warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒→warn vt. 警告;提醒;告诫 19. demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要→demanding adj. (工作)要求高的，费力的；(人)苛求的 20. victim n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 21. greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的→greed n. 贪婪，贪心→greedily adv. 贪婪地 22. recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识→recognize vt. 认出，识别；承认 23. database n. 数据库 24. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 25. hacker n. 黑客 26. theft n. 偷窃，盗窃罪 27. fail-safe adj. 有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的 28. drone n. 无人驾驶飞机 29. distribution n. 分发，分送；分配，分布→distribute vt. 分配；散布；分发 30. predict vt. 预言，预告→prediction n. 预测；预言 31. decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低 n. 减少，降低 32. deny vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 33. quantity n. 数量；大量 34. airline n. 航空公司 35. threat n. 构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁，恐吓；凶兆 36. spy vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见 n. 间谍 37. illegal adj. 不合法的，非法的→legal adj. 法律许可的，合法的→legally adv. 法律上，合法地→illegally adv. 违法地，非法地 38. monitor vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听 n. 显示屏；监测器；班长 39. licence (AmE license)n. 许可证，执照 40. stadium n. 体育场，运动场 41. highlight n. 最好(或最精彩)的部分 vt. 突出，强调；使醒目 42. capsule n. 小塑料容器；胶囊 43. bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 44. fountain n. 喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源 45. contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的 n. 同代人，同辈人 46. seed n. 种子；起源，起因 47. wheat n. 小麦，小麦粒 48. muscular adj. 肌肉的，强壮的 49. conclude vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→conclusion n. 结论；推论 50. justified adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的→justify vt. 证明……正当；替……辩护 51. superiority n. 优越感；优越性，优势 52. virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 53. definition n. 定义；释义，解释 54. headset n. 耳机 55. sensor n. 传感器，敏感元件 56. practical adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 57. academic adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 58. immersive adj. (计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 59. engage vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系→engagement n. 婚约；约会→engaged adj. 忙于，从事于 60. twin n. 双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj. 双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的 61. clone n. 好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物(或植物) vt. 克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 62. barrier n. 障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 63. fine-tune vt. 对……微调 64. initial adj. 最初的，开始的 n. 首字母 65. optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的→optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 66. annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→annoyed adj. 愤怒的，生气的→annoying adj. 讨厌的；恼人的→annoyance n. 烦恼 67. weed n. 杂草，野草 68. state-of-the-art adj. 使用最先进技术(或方法)的，最先进的 69. globe n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→global adj. 全球的；总体的；球形的 70. satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 71. expense n. 费用；开销；开支 72. gender n. 性别 73. envy n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒→envious adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的 74. pub n. 酒吧，酒馆 短语 1. (build) castles in the air (建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想 2. to name but a few 略举几例 3. fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 4. break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 5. in large quantities 大量，大批 6. spy on 暗中监视，窥探 7. at the forefront of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 8. a host of 许多，大量 9. boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 10. at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 11. like weeds 大量 12. be capable of doing sth. 有能力做某事 熟词生义 1. The delegates posed for a group photograph. 摆姿势 2. We all know that nuclear weapons pose a threat to human security. 造成,产生 3. The magazine posed a list of questions to each of the candidates. 提出问题 4. She adopted an elegant pose for the camera. 姿势 5. They will have to commit more money to the project if it’s to succeed. v. 调拨;投入 6. The details of today’s flights are displayed on the monitor. 显示器,显示屏 7. In our school each student’s progress is closely monitored. 密切监视,关注 8. The monitor is a student in a school who performs special duties，such as helping the teacher. 班长 9. She gained only minimal recognition for her work. n.赞誉，赏识，奖赏 10. Tourism is a fountain of wealth for the city. n. 丰富来源 句型 1. given. . . 考虑到…… It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true. 这似乎像建造空中楼阁,但是考虑到目前人工智能(或AI)的发展速度,将来这样的梦想真的很可能会实现。 2. 过去分词短语作后置定语 As we become more and more dependent on computers，some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。 3.Whatever引导让步状语从句 Whatever happens, we need to make sure that facial recognition technology can be trusted—or we will have to face the consequences. 无论发生什么,我们都需要确保面部识别技术是可信的,否则我们将不得不面对后果。 4. what if... What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? 如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？ 5. before 引导的时间状语从句 It won’t be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common. 用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。 6. 状语从句的省略 When shopping online, you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree views. 网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360度全方位查看商品。 语法 将来进行时 一、词汇清单 知识点1 commit vt. 犯(罪);承诺,保证;花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入,忠于 【教材原句】How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans? (教材P45) 如果它们犯了罪或甚至谋杀了人类,又该如何惩罚? 【拓展】 (1)commit an error/a crime　　　　　　　做错事/犯罪 commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于;承诺/保证(做)某事 (2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事 (3)commitment n. 承诺,保证;花费;投入 make a commitment 作出承诺 【写作佳句】He was a good man who was committed to his family as well as to his work. 他是一个对家庭和工作都尽心尽力的好人。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. On balance, I think I would rather not commit myself to going(go) with you. 2. This development area is committed(commit) to creating a perfect investment environment. 3. If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment(commit). 完成句子 4. 如果你想成功，你就必须坚持你的梦想。 If you want to succeed, you must be committed to your dream. 知识点2 urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 【教材原句】As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. (教材P45) 随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。 【拓展】 (1)urge sth./doing sth. 极力主张(做)某事 urge sb. to do sth. 敦促/催促/极力主张某人做某事 urge against sth. 极力反对某事 urge sb./sth. on 催促……向前，驱赶……向前 urge sth. on sb. 以鼓励的办法向(某人)灌输(某种思想等) urge that... 主张/催促/强烈要求……(谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。) (2)an urge to do sth. 做某事的冲动/强烈愿望 (3)urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的 urgency n. 紧急(的事) 【写作佳句】 There is an urgent need to recruit some experienced volunteers. 迫切需要招募一些经验丰富的志愿者。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Hearing that you'll give us a lecture and want to hear our opinions, I feel an urge to make(make) my voice heard. 2. It's so urgent(urge) that we have no time to waste. 3. You must urge the children on or we'll never get home. 4. The attack added a new urgency(urge) to that peace talk. 同义句转换 5. Our teacher urges us to study hard with the final exam drawing near. →Our teacher urges that we (should) study hard, as the final exam is drawing near. 知识点3 warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒 【教材原句】Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. (教材P45) 显然，这样的警告需要我们的关注。 【拓展】 (1)give out a warning 发出警告 (2)warn vt. 提醒，警告，告诫 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb. against... 警告某人当心/提防/不要做…… warn sb. (not) to do 警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事 warn sb. that... 警告某人…… 【写作佳句】He gave a warning that we would be punished if we were absent from the meeting. 他警告说，如果我们缺席会议，我们将受到惩罚。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning(warn). 2. They had been warned of the danger，but they paid no attention to it. 3. He warned me against pickpockets on buses. 完成句子 4. We warned him not to go skating on such thin ice. →We warned him against (going) skating on such thin ice. →We warned him that he should not go skating on such thin ice. 知识点4 demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 【教材原句】Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. (教材P45) 显然，这样的警告需要我们的关注。 【拓展】 (1)demand sth. 要求/需要某物 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth. 要求……做某事 (2)a demand for sth. 对……的要求/需求 be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demand(s) 满足某人的需求 supply and demand 供求 (3)demanding adj.(任务)费时费力的，耗费精力的；(人)要求高的，苛求的 [名师点津]demand只能用于demand to do sth.，不能用于demand sb.to do sth.。有类似用法的动词还有hope，refuse，agree等。 【写作佳句】What I want to stress is that new members are in demand in our club. 我想强调的是，我们社团需要新成员。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy. 2. The teacher came to the classroom and demanded to be told(tell) what was going on just now. 3. This is a demanding(demand) job and a small mistake can make a great difference. 4. The boss demanded that everyone (should) attend(attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow. 同义句转换 5.Romain Rolland's novels are needed greatly in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for literature. →Romain Rolland's novels are in great demand in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for literature. 知识点5 recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识 【教材原句】Facial recognition technology，with its capacity to analyse a huge amount of data, has come into widespread use. (教材P47) 人脸识别技术以其对大量数据进行分析的能力，得到了广泛的应用。 【拓展】 (1)beyond recognition 认不出来 in recognition of 作为对……的承认…… (2)recognize vt. 认出，识别；承认；认可，认定 recognize sb./sth. 认出某人/识别出某物 recognize...as/to be 承认……是，认出……是 It is recognized that... ……是公认的 【写作佳句】It is recognized that English idioms are the most challenging. 人们一致认为英语习语是最有挑战性的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Being recognized in public has brought her much trouble，so she is always wearing dark glasses to avoid recognition/being recognized(recognize). 2. He is recognized as one of the greatest presidents in America. 3. I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition(recognize). 完成句子 4.人们一致认为环境污染已经成为人们所面临的最严重的问题之一。 →It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face. →Environmental pollution is recognized to have become one of the most serious problems that people face. 知识点6 alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 【教材原句】It offers a quick and cool alternative to traditional passwords，and you cannot forget your own face! 它给传统密码提供了一个快速而又酷的替代方式，而且你不会忘记自己的脸！(教材p47) 【拓展】 (1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to... ……的替代物(to是介词) (2)alternatively adv.可供选择地 【写作佳句】Outdoor sports are an interesting alternative to playing on your phone. 户外运动是玩手机之外的另一有趣选择。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We could take the train or alternatively(alternative) go by car. 2. The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating(communicate) with others. 同义句转换 3. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it. (choice) →Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it. 知识点7 break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 【教材原句】Moreover，there is growing concern that we might fall victim to this technology，as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people's social media photos to build models of their faces. (教材P47) 而且，我们越来越担心自己可能会成为这一技术的受害者，因为已有黑客利用人们社交媒体上的照片来制作脸部模型以侵入脸部识别系统的案例发生。 【拓展】 break in 强行进入；打断(谈话)；插嘴 break down (机器)损坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败；(化学)分解；(身体)垮掉；失控；消除 break out 爆发；突然发生 break through 突破；克服；战胜 break up 解散；结束；拆散；驱散 break away from打破陈规；奋力挣脱；脱离 break off扯断，断裂；折断；突然停止或中断 【写作佳句】Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down. 妈妈闯进我的房间，告诉我不要熬夜了，否则身体会累垮的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. It is bad manners to break in when others are talking. 2. The band finally broke up as its members had to join the army. 3. The children were so tired that they asked to break off and have a rest. 知识点8 distribution n. 分发，分送；分配，分布 【教材原句】At the moment, delivery drones are mainly used for military action and disaster relief, like the distribution of medicines during emergencies, especially to places that are hard to reach by other means of transport. (教材P48) 目前，运输无人机主要用于军事行动或救灾，比如在紧急情况下分发药品，尤其是分发到其他运输方式难以到达的地方。 【拓展】 (1)the distribution of... ……的分发/发送/分布/分配 have a wide distribution 分布很广 (2)distribute vt. 分配；散布；分开；把……分类 distribute sth. 分发/发送/分配某物 distribute sth. to sb. 给某人分发/发放某物 distribute...among... 在……中分发…… distribute...into... 把……分成…… 【写作佳句】We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all volunteers who helped distribute supplies to the affected communities. 我们向所有帮助向受影响的社区分发物资的志愿者表示衷心的感谢。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The country was noted for its fair distribution(distribute) of land resources. 2. The process of the production is distributed into three stages. 完成句子 3.这些书籍将免费发放给当地学校。 These books will be distributed free to local schools. 知识点9 decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低 n. 减少，降低 【教材原句】This could not only save time, but also greatly decrease road traffic. (教材P48) 这不仅可以节省时间，而且还大大减少了道路交通。 【拓展】 (1)decrease sth. 减少/降低某物 decrease (...) to... (把……)减少/降低到…… decrease (...) by... (把……)减少/降低了…… decrease in sth. 在……方面减少/降低 on the decrease 在衰减中；在减少中 (2)decreased adj. 减少的 【写作佳句】The number of students who carry cell phones to school has decreased by 20%. 携带手机到学校的学生人数减少了20%。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. There has been a decrease in traffic accidents thanks to the ban on drunk driving. 2. The decreased(decrease) interest in a product means a change or an improvement is needed. 完成句子 3.由于很多人去城市里工作和生活，农村人口在减少。 The population in the countryside is on the decrease as many people go to work and live in cities. 知识点10 deny vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 【教材原句】There can be no denying that the technology will have a huge impact on everyday life. (教材P48) 无可否认，这种技术将对日常生活产生重大影响。 【拓展】 deny (doing) sth. 否认(做)某事 deny sb. sth.=deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给某人某物 deny + that从句 否认…… There is no denying(the fact)that... 不可否认…… It can't be denied that... 不可否认…… One cannot deny(the fact) that... 不可否认…… 【写作佳句】There is no denying that we should lead a low-carbon life. 不可否认,我们应该过一种低碳生活。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He denied  behaving  (behave)badly in class, which made the teacher upset. 2. As we all know, no one can deny  that   language is essential for mankind. 完成句子 3.不可否认，空气污染已经影响到全世界许多人的健康。 There is no denying that/It can't be denied that air pollution has influenced the health of many people all over the world. 知识点11 quantity n. 数量；大量 【教材原句】When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded. (教材P49) 当载客无人机在我们的城市上空大量飞行时，天空将变得越来越拥挤。 【拓展】 (1)a large/small quantity of=large/small quantities of大量/少量的 (2)in quantity 许多；大量in large quantities大量地 易混辨析 a large quantity of和large quantities of后既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。“a large quantity of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式与名词的数保持一致；“large quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词应使用复数形式。 【写作佳句】The Great Wall is a world-famous tourist destination, attracting a large quantity of/large quantities of tourists from home and abroad every year. 长城是举世闻名的旅游目的地，每年吸引着大量国内外游客。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Every day in hot summer，a large quantity of beer is consumed(consume). 2. He likes reading and always buys books in large quantities(quantity). 完成句子 3. 据报道，已经为洪灾地区筹集了大量资金。 It was reported that large quantities of money had been collected for the flood-stricken area. 知识点12 bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 【教材原句】The time capsule, buried 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. (教材P51) 这个时间胶囊被埋在一个公园地下50英尺的地方，计划于6939年打开。 【拓展】 be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 沉思 bury one's face in one's hands 某人双手掩面 buried treasure 埋藏的财宝 【写作佳句】After the heavy snow, a lot of cars were buried under the 5-foot-deep snow. 大雪过后,许多汽车被埋在5英尺深的雪下。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying(bury) her head in the book in her hands. 2.When I entered the room, I found him burying his face in his hands. 句式升级 3. Because he buried himself in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left. →Burying himself in his book, he didn't notice that all the others had left. (现在分词短语作状语) →Buried in his book, he didn't notice that all the others had left. (过去分词短语作状语) 知识点13 conclude vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止 【教材原句】He mentioned a few social problems before concluding that he believed future generations would read his message with “a feeling of proud and justified superiority”. (教材P51) 他提到了一些社会问题，然后总结说，他相信子孙后代读到他的信息时会“感到自豪和正当的优越感”。 【拓展】 (1)conclude sth.from sth. 从……中推断出…… conclude (from sth.) that... (从某事中)推断/总结出…… conclude...with... 以……结束…… to conclude 最后(作结论用语) (2)conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成 draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论 make a conclusion 下结论 in conclusion 最后；作为结论；总之 【写作佳句】My birthday party concluded with the song Happy Birthday to You. 我的生日晚会以《祝你生日快乐》这首歌结束。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. They drew different conclusions(conclude) from the facts. 2. They plan to conclude the activity with a competition. 3. In conclusion, we think the plan is worth carrying out. 完成句子 4.我从他所说的话来判断，他对此没有多大兴趣。 I conclude from what he says that he has not much interest in it. 知识点14 engage vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系 【教材原句】By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to learning manages to engage students' interest and enhance learning efficiency. (教材P53) 通过用一种富有意义的方式来呈现内容，这种新的学习方式能够吸引学生兴趣，提高学习效率。 【拓展】 (1)engage in sth.从事/参加某事 engage sb. in sth.使某人参与某事 (2)engaged adj.忙于……的；从事……的；已订婚的 be engaged in/on从事；忙于be engaged to sb.同某人订婚 (3)engagement n.约定，预约；订婚 【写作佳句】These skills can easily engage you in reading, get fun out of it, and gradually build up confidence. 这些技能可以轻松地使你参与阅读，并且从中获得阅读乐趣，逐渐建立自信。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He was totally engaged  in his study and seldom paid attention to others. 2. I have a prior(先前的)  engagement (engage)and so I can't go with you. 完成句子 3.这次活动旨在鼓励学生投入社会并且对之产生重大影响。 This activity is aimed at encouraging students to engage in  society and make a great difference to it. 知识点15 annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 【教材原句】Does it annoy you to see cars blocking the road like weeds when you are travelling? (教材P55) 旅游时，你看到大量的汽车堵塞公路是否会感到烦躁？ 【拓展】 (1)It annoys sb. that... 让某人生气/烦恼的是…… It annoys sb. to do sth. 做某事让某人生气 annoy sb. with sth. 用某物惹恼某人 (2)annoyed adj. 颇为生气的；恼怒的；烦闷的 annoying adj. 令人恼怒的，令人生气的 be annoyed about/at/over sth. 因为某事生气 be annoyed with sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事生某人的气 be annoyed to do sth./that... ……使人恼怒 (3)annoyance n. 恼怒，生气；令人讨厌的人或事情 to one's annoyance 让某人生气的是 【写作佳句】As is often the case, some people tend to talk out loud in public places, annoying others. 有些人往往会在公共场所大声谈话干扰他人，这是常有的事。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. She has an annoying(annoy) habit of biting her fingernails. 2. The traffic jam every day is a real annoyance(annoy) to all of us. 3. I was annoyed(annoy) with myself for making such a stupid mistake. 完成句子 4.他今后再也不能唱歌了，这使他很苦恼。 It annoyed him that he would never be able to sing again. 知识点16 expense n. 费用；开销；开支 【教材原句】All this technology does not come at the expense of fashion. (教材P55) 整个这项技术没有影响产品的时尚性。 【拓展】 (1)at sb.'s expense 由某人付费；捉弄某人 at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 free of expense 免费 (2)expensive adj. 昂贵的，高价的 【写作佳句】I've kept/reduced your expenses to a minimum. 我已经把你的费用保持在/减少到最低限度了。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He went abroad at his own expense. 2. His friend offered him a house to live in free of expense during his stay in London. 3. The book is a little expensive(expense) but it is worth it. 完成句子 4.那就是降低价格的同时，并不能以牺牲质量为代价的原因。 That's why a reduction in price can never be made at the expense of quality. 二、语法清单 将来进行时 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成: 1. While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. 2. It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink. 3. We can assume that with improved technology in passenger drones, we will be entering the age of personal flying vehicles. 【精讲·语法知识】 一、基本结构 肯定句：主语 + will + be + 现在分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + be + 现在分词 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语 + will. 否定回答：No，主语 + will + not. 特殊疑问句：疑问代词/疑问副词+will(+主语)+be+现在分词+其他？ Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at any minute! 快！客人就要来了。 [名师点津]主语为第一人称时will也可用shall替换。 二、用法 1. 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带时间状语。将来进行时常用的时间状语有soon, this evening，on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。 2. 表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。 3. 表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测，并非人为安排。 4.表示委婉的请求，常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求或期待等。 [名师点津]将来进行时一般用延续性动词表示。在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般不用将来进行时。 【易混辨析】将来进行时与一般将来时、现在进行时的区别 将来进行时与一般将来时和现在进行时都可以表示将来的动作，但用法不同： 1. 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 (1)两者基本用法不一样：将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作，一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作： (2)两者均可表示将来，但用将来进行时语气更委婉，比较： (3)有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况： 2. 将来进行时与现在进行时的区别 (1)现在进行时表示一种经过考虑的、将来要进行的动作；将来进行时通常表示根据正常过程中会发生的动作而预测在将来要进行的动作。因此将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定，而且偶然性要大一些。不过这种差别并不是在任何情况下都很重要，而且常常两者都可以使用。 (2)现在进行时用于表示最近将来的动作时，必须有确定的时间，而将来进行时可以和确定的时间状语连用，也可以不连用。它既可以表示最近将来的动作，也可以表示较远将来的动作。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. Dear friend, I ________(sit) on a train to Fudan University when you read this letter. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be sitting 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：亲爱的朋友，当你读到这封信时，我将正坐在去复旦大学的火车上。分析句子可知，“when you read this letter”(当你读到这封信时)是时间状语从句，结合语境，主句描述的是将来某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为 “will be + 现在分词”。所给词 sit 的现在分词形式是 sitting，故填 will be sitting。 2. Oh, please don’t come to visit me at this time tomorrow—I ________(attend) an important meeting with my colleagues. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be attending/shall be attending 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：哦，请明天这个时候不要来看我——我将正和同事一起参加一个重要的会议。设空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“at this time tomorrow”可知，此处表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，主语为I，可用其“will/shall be doing”，。故填will be attending/shall be attending。 3. Professor Craig ________(give) a lecture on British literature this time tomorrow evening. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be giving 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：克雷格教授明天晚上这个时候将做一个关于英国文学的讲座。根据后文this time tomorrow evening可知，表示将来某个时刻将要进行，用将来进行时。故填will be giving。 4. You’d better not call Frank, as he ________(deliver) an important speech at this time tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be delivering 【详解】考查时态。句意：你最好不要给弗兰克打电话，因为明天这个时候他将正在发表一个重要的演讲。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语“at this time tomorrow”可知，强调的是在将来的某个具体时间点正在进行的动作，所以应该使用将来进行时。故填will be delivering。 二、完成句子 5. 约翰兴奋地说：“明天这个时候我们将正在市场卖爆米花。” John said excitedly, “We ________________________________.” 【答案】will be selling popcorn at the market this time tomorrow 【详解】考查将来进行时和短语。根据直接引语中 “明天这个时候”(this time tomorrow)可知，句子描述的是将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为 “will be + 现在分词”。“在市场卖爆米花” 翻译为 be selling popcorn at the market，sell 的现在分词形式是 selling。故填 will be selling popcorn at the market this time tomorrow。 6. 明天下午三点，我们将在开派对。 ________________ at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon. 【答案】We'll be having a party 【详解】考查将来进行时。根据时间状语 “at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon”(明天下午三点)可知，句子描述的是将来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为 “will be + 现在分词”。“我们将在开派对” 翻译为 We will be having a party，have 的现在分词形式是 having。故填 We will be having a party。 7. 他们今天上午10点会在车站接我们。 They ________________ at the station at 10 a. m. today. 【答案】will be meeting us 【详解】考查将来进行时。根据时间状语“at 10 a.m. today”(今天上午 10 点)可知，句子描述的是将来某个具体时间点正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为“will be + 现在分词”。“接我们” 翻译为 meet us，meet 的现在分词形式是 meeting。故填 will be meeting us。 8. 明年这个时候我可能正在美国学习。 Maybe I ________________ this time next year. 【答案】will be studying in America 【详解】考查动词时态。根据时间状语 “this time next year”(明年这个时候)可知，句子描述的是将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为 “will be + 现在分词”。“在美国学习” 翻译为 study in America，study 的现在分词形式是 studying。故填 will be studying in America。 三、写作清单 写一封写给未来的信 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是写一封给未来的信。写给未来的书信是一种创作型写作，属于开放式作文的一种。通过丰富的想象,生动地描写未来科技发展。想象类作文要求作者根据自己已有的生活经验和知识,超越实际生活来勾画从未见过的或者不曾出现过的生活场景。 【积累·写作素材】 1. Now we are living in a world full of advanced technology. 2. I would like to share what my life is like with you. 3. It is really difficult for me to make predictions about the future. 4. With the development of science/technology，now we have... 5. In the future more and more...will appear. 6. People will lead a carefree (无忧无虑的) life in the future. 7. This is the life that I am looking forward to. 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，你校要制作一个时间胶囊，向你校学生征集一封给2050年人们的书信。请你用英语写一封信，向校报投稿。要点包括： 1. 你所处时代的生活如何； 2. 介绍一种科技产品，解释它是如何改变人们的生活的； 3. 以对未来的希望和祝愿结束信件。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 应用文-书信 人称 以第一人称，第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：写信目的，引入话题。 第二段：简单介绍所处时代的生活如何；介绍一种科技产品，解释它是如何改变人们的生活的。 第三段：以对未来的希望和祝愿结束信件 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 ①目击，见证 witness ②突破 breakthrough ③无人驾驶飞机 drone ④各种各样的 various/a variety of ⑤许多，大量 a large quantity of ⑥基因组编辑 genome editing ⑦智能手机 smartphone ⑧在……中流行/受……欢迎 be popular among/with ⑨与……结合 be combined with ⑩对……有影响 have an effect on ⑪高铁 high­speed rail ⑫方便高效 convenient and efficient ⑬等等 to name but a few ⑭毫无疑问 no doubt 句子翻译 ①我们这个时代见证了环境的改善、很多伟大的发明和科学突破。 Our age has witnessed the improvement in the environment, many great inventions and scientific breakthroughs. ②它们改变了我们的生活和我们对世界的认识。 They have changed our life and our knowledge of the world. ③智能手机有很多功能，受到各个年龄层的欢迎。 Smartphones have a large quantity of functions and are popular with all ages. ④它们与强大的互联网和各种应用程序结合在一起。 They are combined with the powerful Internet and various apps. ⑤它们使我们生活中几乎所有的事都变得更加方便和高效，包括购物、交流、办公和学习等等。 They make almost everything in our life more convenient and efficient, including shopping, communication, office work and study, to name but a few. 第三步：词句升级 ⑥用which引导的非限制性定语从句连接句①和句② Our age has witnessed the improvement in the environment, many great inventions and scientific breakthroughs, which have changed our life and our knowledge of the world. ⑦用“be of +n.”结构改写句③ Smartphones are of a large quantity of functions and are popular with all ages. ⑧用过去分词短语作状语连接句④和句⑤ Combined with the powerful Internet and various apps, they make almost everything in our life more convenient and efficient, including shopping, communication, office work and study, to name but a few. 第四步：连句成篇 Dear friends in 2050, I am Li Hua, a boy living in the 2020s.I'm honored to have a chance to write to you to talk about our time. Our age has witnessed the improvement in the environment, many great inventions and scientific breakthroughs, which have changed our life and our knowledge of the world. Drones, high­speed rails, smartphones, cloning and genome editing all have a great effect on our lives. Take smartphones for example. They have a large quantity of functions and are popular with all ages. Combined with the powerful Internet and various apps, they make almost everything in our life more convenient and efficient，including shopping, communication, office work and study, to name but a few. There is no doubt that our life will be better and better with the development of science and technology. Hope your life will be better and more pleasant. Best wishes. Yours sincerely, Li Hua ( 18 / 19 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Living with technology 单词 1. ________ n. 城堡 2. ________ n. 输入的信息，投入 vt. (input, input)输入(信息) 3. ________ n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量→________ adj. 能力的 4. ________ (AmE analyze) vt. 分析→________ n. 分析 5. ________ adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 6. ________ n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；(互联)网络 7. ________ vt. 创造(新词语) 8. ________n. 重大进展，突破 adj. 突破性的 9. ________ n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金→________ adj. 财政的；金融的；资金的→________ adv. 财政上;金融上 10. ________ adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的 11. ________ adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 12. ________ vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→________ n. 威胁，恐吓 13. ________ vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入，忠于→________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的→________ n. 承诺；保证；奉献 14. ________ n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动→________ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的，犯法的 15. ________ vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望→________ adj. 紧急的；急迫的→________ n. 紧急；急迫 16. ________ vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询 vi. 摆好姿势 n. 姿势 17. ________ adv. 显然，可见→________ adv. 显然,可见 18. ________ n. 警告，先兆；警戒→________ vt. 警告;提醒;告诫 19. ________ vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要→________ adj. (工作)要求高的，费力的；(人)苛求的 20. ________ n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 21. ________ adj. 贪心的，贪婪的→________ n. 贪婪，贪心→________ adv. 贪婪地 22. ________ n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识→________ vt. 认出，识别；承认 23. ________ n. 数据库 24. ________ n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 25. ________ n. 黑客 26. ________ n. 偷窃，盗窃罪 27. ________ adj. 有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的 28. ________ n. 无人驾驶飞机 29. ________ n. 分发，分送；分配，分布→________ vt. 分配；散布；分发 30. ________ vt. 预言，预告→________ n. 预测；预言 31. ________ vt. & vi. 减少，降低 n. 减少，降低 32. ________ vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 33. ________ n. 数量；大量 34. ________ n. 航空公司 35. ________ n. 构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁，恐吓；凶兆 36. ________ vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见 n. 间谍 37. ________ adj. 不合法的，非法的→________ adj. 法律许可的，合法的→________ adv. 法律上，合法地→________ adv. 违法地，非法地 38. ________ vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听 n. 显示屏；监测器；班长 39. ________ (AmE license)n. 许可证，执照 40. ________ n. 体育场，运动场 41. ________ n. 最好(或最精彩)的部分 vt. 突出，强调；使醒目 42. ________ n. 小塑料容器；胶囊 43. ________ vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 44. ________ n. 喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源 45. ________ adj. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的 n. 同代人，同辈人 46. ________ n. 种子；起源，起因 47. ________ n. 小麦，小麦粒 48. ________ adj. 肌肉的，强壮的 49. ________ vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→________ n. 结论；推论 50. ________ adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的→________ vt. 证明……正当；替……辩护 51. ________ n. 优越感；优越性，优势 52. ________ adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 53. ________ n. 定义；释义，解释 54. ________ n. 耳机 55. ________ n. 传感器，敏感元件 56. ________ adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 57. ________ adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 58. ________ adj. (计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 59. ________ vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系→________ n. 婚约；约会→________ adj. 忙于，从事于 60. ________ n. 双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 adj. 双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的 61. ________ n. 好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物(或植物) vt. 克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 62. ________ n. 障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 63. ________ vt. 对……微调 64. ________ adj. 最初的，开始的 n. 首字母 65. ________ adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的→________ n. 乐观；乐观主义 66. ________ vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→________ adj. 愤怒的，生气的→________ adj. 讨厌的；恼人的→________ n. 烦恼 67. ________ n. 杂草，野草 68. ________ adj. 使用最先进技术(或方法)的，最先进的 69. ________ n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→________ adj. 全球的；总体的；球形的 70. ________ n. 人造卫星；卫星 71. ________ n. 费用；开销；开支 72. ________ n. 性别 73. ________ n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒→________ adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的 74. ________ n. 酒吧，酒馆 短语 1. ________________ (建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想 2. ________________略举几例 3. ________________受伤，受损，被害 4. ________________强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 5. ________________大量，大批 6. ________________暗中监视，窥探 7. _______________处于最前列，进入重要地位 8. ________________许多，大量 9. ________________归结为，基本问题是 10. ________________在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 11. ________________大量 12. ________________有能力做某事 熟词生义 1. The delegates posed for a group photograph. ________ 2. We all know that nuclear weapons pose a threat to human security. ________ 3. The magazine posed a list of questions to each of the candidates. ________ 4. She adopted an elegant pose for the camera. ________ 5. They will have to commit more money to the project if it’s to succeed. ________ 6. The details of today’s flights are displayed on the monitor. ________ 7. In our school each student’s progress is closely monitored. ________ 8. The monitor is a student in a school who performs special duties，such as helping the teacher. _____ 9. She gained only minimal recognition for her work. ________ 10. Tourism is a fountain of wealth for the city. ________ 句型 1. given. . . 考虑到…… It may seem like building castles in the air, but ________________________________, in the future such dreams may actually come true. 这似乎像建造空中楼阁,但是考虑到目前人工智能(或AI)的发展速度,将来这样的梦想真的很可能会实现。 2. 过去分词短语作后置定语 As we become more and more dependent on computers，some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers ________________________________. 随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。 3.Whatever引导让步状语从句 ________________, we need to make sure that facial recognition technology can be trusted—or we will have to face the consequences. 无论发生什么,我们都需要确保面部识别技术是可信的,否则我们将不得不面对后果。 4. what if... ________________ I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? 如果我告诉你，医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术，然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢？ 5. before 引导的时间状语从句 ________________________ virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common. 用不了多久，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变得司空见惯。 6. 状语从句的省略 ________________________, you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree views. 网上购物时，你可以期待拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360度全方位查看商品。 语法 将来进行时 一、词汇清单 知识点1 commit vt. 犯(罪);承诺,保证;花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入,忠于 【教材原句】How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans? (教材P45) 如果它们犯了罪或甚至谋杀了人类,又该如何惩罚? 【拓展】 (1)commit an error/a crime　　　　　　　做错事/犯罪 commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于;承诺/保证(做)某事 (2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事 (3)commitment n. 承诺,保证;花费;投入 make a commitment 作出承诺 【写作佳句】He was a good man who was committed to his family as well as to his work. 他是一个对家庭和工作都尽心尽力的好人。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. On balance, I think I would rather not commit myself to ________(go) with you. 2. This development area is ________(commit) to creating a perfect investment environment. 3. If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a ________(commit). 完成句子 4. 如果你想成功，你就必须坚持你的梦想。 If you want to succeed, you must ________________ your dream. 知识点2 urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 【教材原句】As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. (教材P45) 随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。 【拓展】 (1)urge sth./doing sth. 极力主张(做)某事 urge sb. to do sth. 敦促/催促/极力主张某人做某事 urge against sth. 极力反对某事 urge sb./sth. on 催促……向前，驱赶……向前 urge sth. on sb. 以鼓励的办法向(某人)灌输(某种思想等) urge that... 主张/催促/强烈要求……(谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。) (2)an urge to do sth. 做某事的冲动/强烈愿望 (3)urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的 urgency n. 紧急(的事) 【写作佳句】 There is an urgent need to recruit some experienced volunteers. 迫切需要招募一些经验丰富的志愿者。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Hearing that you'll give us a lecture and want to hear our opinions, I feel an urge ________(make) my voice heard. 2. It's so ________(urge) that we have no time to waste. 3. You must urge the children ________ or we'll never get home. 4. The attack added a new ________(urge) to that peace talk. 同义句转换 5. Our teacher urges us to study hard with the final exam drawing near. →Our teacher ________________, as the final exam is drawing near. 知识点3 warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒 【教材原句】Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. (教材P45) 显然，这样的警告需要我们的关注。 【拓展】 (1)give out a warning 发出警告 (2)warn vt. 提醒，警告，告诫 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb. against... 警告某人当心/提防/不要做…… warn sb. (not) to do 警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事 warn sb. that... 警告某人…… 【写作佳句】He gave a warning that we would be punished if we were absent from the meeting. 他警告说，如果我们缺席会议，我们将受到惩罚。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without ________(warn). 2. They had been warned ________ the danger，but they paid no attention to it. 3. He warned me ________ pickpockets on buses. 完成句子 4. We warned him not to go skating on such thin ice. →We ________________________ on such thin ice. →We ________________________ on such thin ice. 知识点4 demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 【教材原句】Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. (教材P45) 显然，这样的警告需要我们的关注。 【拓展】 (1)demand sth. 要求/需要某物 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth. 要求……做某事 (2)a demand for sth. 对……的要求/需求 be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demand(s) 满足某人的需求 supply and demand 供求 (3)demanding adj.(任务)费时费力的，耗费精力的；(人)要求高的，苛求的 [名师点津]demand只能用于demand to do sth.，不能用于demand sb.to do sth.。有类似用法的动词还有hope，refuse，agree等。 【写作佳句】What I want to stress is that new members are in demand in our club. 我想强调的是，我们社团需要新成员。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand ________ clean energy. 2. The teacher came to the classroom and demanded ________(tell) what was going on just now. 3. This is a ________(demand) job and a small mistake can make a great difference. 4. The boss demanded that everyone ________(attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow. 同义句转换 5.Romain Rolland's novels are needed greatly in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for literature. →Romain Rolland's novels ________________ in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for literature. 知识点5 recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识 【教材原句】Facial recognition technology，with its capacity to analyse a huge amount of data, has come into widespread use. (教材P47) 人脸识别技术以其对大量数据进行分析的能力，得到了广泛的应用。 【拓展】 (1)beyond recognition 认不出来 in recognition of 作为对……的承认…… (2)recognize vt. 认出，识别；承认；认可，认定 recognize sb./sth. 认出某人/识别出某物 recognize...as/to be 承认……是，认出……是 It is recognized that... ……是公认的 【写作佳句】It is recognized that English idioms are the most challenging. 人们一致认为英语习语是最有挑战性的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Being recognized in public has brought her much trouble，so she is always wearing dark glasses to avoid ________(recognize). 2. He is recognized ________ one of the greatest presidents in America. 3. I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________(recognize). 完成句子 4.人们一致认为环境污染已经成为人们所面临的最严重的问题之一。 →________________ environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face. →Environmental pollution ________________ one of the most serious problems that people face. 知识点6 alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 【教材原句】It offers a quick and cool alternative to traditional passwords，and you cannot forget your own face! 它给传统密码提供了一个快速而又酷的替代方式，而且你不会忘记自己的脸！(教材p47) 【拓展】 (1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to... ……的替代物(to是介词) (2)alternatively adv.可供选择地 【写作佳句】Outdoor sports are an interesting alternative to playing on your phone. 户外运动是玩手机之外的另一有趣选择。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We could take the train or ________(alternative) go by car. 2. The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to ________(communicate) with others. 同义句转换 3. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it. (choice) →Sometimes, in order to succeed, we ________________ bravely and learn from it. 知识点7 break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、唱等)；顺利打入 【教材原句】Moreover，there is growing concern that we might fall victim to this technology，as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people's social media photos to build models of their faces. (教材P47) 而且，我们越来越担心自己可能会成为这一技术的受害者，因为已有黑客利用人们社交媒体上的照片来制作脸部模型以侵入脸部识别系统的案例发生。 【拓展】 break in 强行进入；打断(谈话)；插嘴 break down (机器)损坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败；(化学)分解；(身体)垮掉；失控；消除 break out 爆发；突然发生 break through 突破；克服；战胜 break up 解散；结束；拆散；驱散 break away from打破陈规；奋力挣脱；脱离 break off扯断，断裂；折断；突然停止或中断 【写作佳句】Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down. 妈妈闯进我的房间，告诉我不要熬夜了，否则身体会累垮的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. It is bad manners to break ________ when others are talking. 2. The band finally broke ________ as its members had to join the army. 3. The children were so tired that they asked to break ________ and have a rest. 知识点8 distribution n. 分发，分送；分配，分布 【教材原句】At the moment, delivery drones are mainly used for military action and disaster relief, like the distribution of medicines during emergencies, especially to places that are hard to reach by other means of transport. (教材P48) 目前，运输无人机主要用于军事行动或救灾，比如在紧急情况下分发药品，尤其是分发到其他运输方式难以到达的地方。 【拓展】 (1)the distribution of... ……的分发/发送/分布/分配 have a wide distribution 分布很广 (2)distribute vt. 分配；散布；分开；把……分类 distribute sth. 分发/发送/分配某物 distribute sth. to sb. 给某人分发/发放某物 distribute...among... 在……中分发…… distribute...into... 把……分成…… 【写作佳句】We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all volunteers who helped distribute supplies to the affected communities. 我们向所有帮助向受影响的社区分发物资的志愿者表示衷心的感谢。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The country was noted for its fair ________(distribute) of land resources. 2. The process of the production is distributed ________ three stages. 完成句子 3.这些书籍将免费发放给当地学校。 These books will ________________. 知识点9 decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低 n. 减少，降低 【教材原句】This could not only save time, but also greatly decrease road traffic. (教材P48) 这不仅可以节省时间，而且还大大减少了道路交通。 【拓展】 (1)decrease sth. 减少/降低某物 decrease (...) to... (把……)减少/降低到…… decrease (...) by... (把……)减少/降低了…… decrease in sth. 在……方面减少/降低 on the decrease 在衰减中；在减少中 (2)decreased adj. 减少的 【写作佳句】The number of students who carry cell phones to school has decreased by 20%. 携带手机到学校的学生人数减少了20%。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. There has been a decrease ________ traffic accidents thanks to the ban on drunk driving. 2. The ________(decrease) interest in a product means a change or an improvement is needed. 完成句子 3.由于很多人去城市里工作和生活，农村人口在减少。 The population in the countryside ________________ as many people go to work and live in cities. 知识点10 deny vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 【教材原句】There can be no denying that the technology will have a huge impact on everyday life. (教材P48) 无可否认，这种技术将对日常生活产生重大影响。 【拓展】 deny (doing) sth. 否认(做)某事 deny sb. sth.=deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给某人某物 deny + that从句 否认…… There is no denying(the fact)that... 不可否认…… It can't be denied that... 不可否认…… One cannot deny(the fact) that... 不可否认…… 【写作佳句】There is no denying that we should lead a low-carbon life. 不可否认,我们应该过一种低碳生活。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He denied ________(behave)badly in class, which made the teacher upset. 2. As we all know, no one can deny ________ language is essential for mankind. 完成句子 3.不可否认，空气污染已经影响到全世界许多人的健康。 ________________ air pollution has influenced the health of many people all over the world. 知识点11 quantity n. 数量；大量 【教材原句】When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded. (教材P49) 当载客无人机在我们的城市上空大量飞行时，天空将变得越来越拥挤。 【拓展】 (1)a large/small quantity of=large/small quantities of大量/少量的 (2)in quantity 许多；大量in large quantities大量地 易混辨析 a large quantity of和large quantities of后既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。“a large quantity of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式与名词的数保持一致；“large quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词应使用复数形式。 【写作佳句】The Great Wall is a world-famous tourist destination, attracting a large quantity of/large quantities of tourists from home and abroad every year. 长城是举世闻名的旅游目的地，每年吸引着大量国内外游客。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Every day in hot summer，a large quantity of beer ________(consume). 2. He likes reading and always buys books in large ________(quantity). 完成句子 3. 据报道，已经为洪灾地区筹集了大量资金。 It was reported that ________________________________ for the flood-stricken area. 知识点12 bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 【教材原句】The time capsule, buried 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. (教材P51) 这个时间胶囊被埋在一个公园地下50英尺的地方，计划于6939年打开。 【拓展】 be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 沉思 bury one's face in one's hands 某人双手掩面 buried treasure 埋藏的财宝 【写作佳句】After the heavy snow, a lot of cars were buried under the 5-foot-deep snow. 大雪过后,许多汽车被埋在5英尺深的雪下。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, ________(bury) her head in the book in her hands. 2. When I entered the room, I found him burying his face ________ his hands. 句式升级 3. Because he buried himself in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left. →________________, he didn't notice that all the others had left. (现在分词短语作状语) →________________, he didn't notice that all the others had left. (过去分词短语作状语) 知识点13 conclude vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止 【教材原句】He mentioned a few social problems before concluding that he believed future generations would read his message with “a feeling of proud and justified superiority”. (教材P51) 他提到了一些社会问题，然后总结说，他相信子孙后代读到他的信息时会“感到自豪和正当的优越感”。 【拓展】 (1)conclude sth.from sth. 从……中推断出…… conclude (from sth.) that... (从某事中)推断/总结出…… conclude...with... 以……结束…… to conclude 最后(作结论用语) (2)conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成 draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论 make a conclusion 下结论 in conclusion 最后；作为结论；总之 【写作佳句】My birthday party concluded with the song Happy Birthday to You. 我的生日晚会以《祝你生日快乐》这首歌结束。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. They drew different ________(conclude) from the facts. 2. They plan to conclude the activity ________ a competition. 3. ________ conclusion, we think the plan is worth carrying out. 完成句子 4.我从他所说的话来判断，他对此没有多大兴趣。 I ________________________ he has not much interest in it. 知识点14 engage vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系 【教材原句】By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to learning manages to engage students' interest and enhance learning efficiency. (教材P53) 通过用一种富有意义的方式来呈现内容，这种新的学习方式能够吸引学生兴趣，提高学习效率。 【拓展】 (1)engage in sth.从事/参加某事 engage sb. in sth.使某人参与某事 (2)engaged adj.忙于……的；从事……的；已订婚的 be engaged in/on从事；忙于be engaged to sb.同某人订婚 (3)engagement n.约定，预约；订婚 【写作佳句】These skills can easily engage you in reading, get fun out of it, and gradually build up confidence. 这些技能可以轻松地使你参与阅读，并且从中获得阅读乐趣，逐渐建立自信。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He was totally engaged ________ his study and seldom paid attention to others. 2. I have a prior(先前的) ________(engage)and so I can't go with you. 完成句子 3.这次活动旨在鼓励学生投入社会并且对之产生重大影响。 This activity is aimed at ________________________ society and make a great difference to it. 知识点15 annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 【教材原句】Does it annoy you to see cars blocking the road like weeds when you are travelling? (教材P55) 旅游时，你看到大量的汽车堵塞公路是否会感到烦躁？ 【拓展】 (1)It annoys sb. that... 让某人生气/烦恼的是…… It annoys sb. to do sth. 做某事让某人生气 annoy sb. with sth. 用某物惹恼某人 (2)annoyed adj. 颇为生气的；恼怒的；烦闷的 annoying adj. 令人恼怒的，令人生气的 be annoyed about/at/over sth. 因为某事生气 be annoyed with sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事生某人的气 be annoyed to do sth./that... ……使人恼怒 (3)annoyance n. 恼怒，生气；令人讨厌的人或事情 to one's annoyance 让某人生气的是 【写作佳句】As is often the case, some people tend to talk out loud in public places, annoying others. 有些人往往会在公共场所大声谈话干扰他人，这是常有的事。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. She has an ________(annoy) habit of biting her fingernails. 2. The traffic jam every day is a real ________(annoy) to all of us. 3. I was ________(annoy) with myself for making such a stupid mistake. 完成句子 4.他今后再也不能唱歌了，这使他很苦恼。 ________________ he would never be able to sing again. 知识点16 expense n. 费用；开销；开支 【教材原句】All this technology does not come at the expense of fashion. (教材P55) 整个这项技术没有影响产品的时尚性。 【拓展】 (1)at sb.'s expense 由某人付费；捉弄某人 at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 free of expense 免费 (2)expensive adj. 昂贵的，高价的 【写作佳句】I've kept/reduced your expenses to a minimum. 我已经把你的费用保持在/减少到最低限度了。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. He went abroad ________ his own expense. 2. His friend offered him a house to live in free ________ expense during his stay in London. 3. The book is a little ________(expense) but it is worth it. 完成句子 4.那就是降低价格的同时，并不能以牺牲质量为代价的原因。 That's why a reduction in price can never be made ________________. 二、语法清单 将来进行时 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成: 1. While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. 2. It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink. 3. We can assume that with improved technology in passenger drones, we will be entering the age of personal flying vehicles. 【精讲·语法知识】 一、基本结构 肯定句：主语 + will + be + 现在分词 + 其他. 否定句：主语 + will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + be + 现在分词 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语 + will. 否定回答：No，主语 + will + not. 特殊疑问句：疑问代词/疑问副词+will(+主语)+be+现在分词+其他？ Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at any minute! 快！客人就要来了。 [名师点津]主语为第一人称时will也可用shall替换。 二、用法 1. 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带时间状语。将来进行时常用的时间状语有soon, this evening，on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。 2. 表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。 3. 表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测，并非人为安排。 4.表示委婉的请求，常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求或期待等。 [名师点津]将来进行时一般用延续性动词表示。在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般不用将来进行时。 【易混辨析】将来进行时与一般将来时、现在进行时的区别 将来进行时与一般将来时和现在进行时都可以表示将来的动作，但用法不同： 1. 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 (1)两者基本用法不一样：将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作，一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作： (2)两者均可表示将来，但用将来进行时语气更委婉，比较： (3)有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况： 2. 将来进行时与现在进行时的区别 (1)现在进行时表示一种经过考虑的、将来要进行的动作；将来进行时通常表示根据正常过程中会发生的动作而预测在将来要进行的动作。因此将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定，而且偶然性要大一些。不过这种差别并不是在任何情况下都很重要，而且常常两者都可以使用。 (2)现在进行时用于表示最近将来的动作时，必须有确定的时间，而将来进行时可以和确定的时间状语连用，也可以不连用。它既可以表示最近将来的动作，也可以表示较远将来的动作。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. Dear friend, I ________(sit) on a train to Fudan University when you read this letter. 2. Oh, please don’t come to visit me at this time tomorrow—I ________(attend) an important meeting with my colleagues. 3. Professor Craig ________(give) a lecture on British literature this time tomorrow evening. 4. You’d better not call Frank, as he ________(deliver) an important speech at this time tomorrow. 二、完成句子 5. 约翰兴奋地说：“明天这个时候我们将正在市场卖爆米花。” John said excitedly, “We ________________________________.” 6. 明天下午三点，我们将在开派对。 ________________ at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon. 7. 他们今天上午10点会在车站接我们。 They ________________ at the station at 10 a. m. today. 8. 明年这个时候我可能正在美国学习。 Maybe I ________________ this time next year. 三、写作清单 写一封写给未来的信 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是写一封给未来的信。写给未来的书信是一种创作型写作，属于开放式作文的一种。通过丰富的想象,生动地描写未来科技发展。想象类作文要求作者根据自己已有的生活经验和知识,超越实际生活来勾画从未见过的或者不曾出现过的生活场景。 【积累·写作素材】 1. Now we are living in a world full of advanced technology. 2. I would like to share what my life is like with you. 3. It is really difficult for me to make predictions about the future. 4. With the development of science/technology，now we have... 5. In the future more and more...will appear. 6. People will lead a carefree (无忧无虑的) life in the future. 7. This is the life that I am looking forward to. 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，你校要制作一个时间胶囊，向你校学生征集一封给2050年人们的书信。请你用英语写一封信，向校报投稿。要点包括： 1. 你所处时代的生活如何； 2. 介绍一种科技产品，解释它是如何改变人们的生活的； 3. 以对未来的希望和祝愿结束信件。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 应用文-书信 人称 以第一人称，第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：写信目的，引入话题。 第二段：简单介绍所处时代的生活如何；介绍一种科技产品，解释它是如何改变人们的生活的。 第三段：以对未来的希望和祝愿结束信件 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 ①目击，见证 ________________ ②突破 ________________ ③无人驾驶飞机 ________________ ④各种各样的 ________________ ⑤许多，大量 ________________ ⑥基因组编辑 ________________ ⑦智能手机 ________________ ⑧在……中流行/受……欢迎 ________________ ⑨与……结合 ________________ ⑩对……有影响 ________________ ⑪高铁 ________________ ⑫方便高效 ________________ ⑬等等 ________________ ⑭毫无疑问 ________________ 句子翻译 ①我们这个时代见证了环境的改善、很多伟大的发明和科学突破。 Our age ________________________________________________________________. ②它们改变了我们的生活和我们对世界的认识。 They have ________________________________________________________________. ③智能手机有很多功能，受到各个年龄层的欢迎。 Smartphones ________________________________________________________________ all ages. ④它们与强大的互联网和各种应用程序结合在一起。 They ________________________________________________________________. ⑤它们使我们生活中几乎所有的事都变得更加方便和高效，包括购物、交流、办公和学习等等。 They ________________________________________________, including shopping, communication, office work and study, ________________. 第三步：词句升级 ⑥用which引导的非限制性定语从句连接句①和句② ________________________________________________________________________________ ⑦用“be of +n.”结构改写句③ ________________________________________________________________________________ ⑧用过去分词短语作状语连接句④和句⑤ ________________________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 15 / 18 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$