Unit 3 Family matters 家庭事务（话题阅读精练）英语外研版2019必修第一册

Unit 3 Family matters 家庭事务 话题阅读精练 时文拓展阅读 The Power of Family Traditions Family traditions shape our identity and strengthen bonds. Whether it’s a weekly game night or annual holiday rituals, these routines create lasting memories. For example, my family gathers every New Year’s Eve to cook dumplings and watch fireworks. This tradition reminds us of our shared history and love. Traditions also pass down values. My grandmother’s recipe for apple pie isn’t just food—it’s a symbol of her patience and creativity. When I bake it with my children, I’m preserving her legacy while teaching them life skills. Some traditions adapt to modern life. Instead of handwritten letters, my family uses a group chat to share daily updates. We still “meet” every Sunday evening, but now it’s virtual. This flexibility keeps our connection strong despite busy schedules. 语篇翻译： 家庭传统塑造我们的身份，巩固亲情纽带。无论是每周的游戏夜还是年度节日仪式，这些惯例都能留下永恒回忆。例如，我家每年除夕都会一起包饺子、看烟花。这一传统让我们铭记共同的历史与爱。 传统也传递价值观。祖母的苹果派食谱不仅是食物，更是她耐心与创造力的象征。当我和孩子们一起烘焙时，我在传承她的遗产，同时传授生活技能。 有些传统随时代调整。家人不再手写书信，而是用群聊分享日常。我们仍每周日晚 “相聚”，只是改为线上形式。这种灵活性让我们在忙碌中保持紧密联系。 重点词汇： ritual /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ n. 仪式 legacy /ˈleɡəsi/ n. 遗产 virtual /ˈvɜːrtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的 flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n. 灵活性 bond /bɒnd/ n. 纽带 长难句分析: When I bake it with my children, I’m preserving her legacy while teaching them life skills. 抓标志：When（从属连词，引导时间状语从句） 判句型：时间状语从句（When I bake...） + 主句（I’m preserving... while teaching...） 主句中包含 while 引导的现在分词短语作伴随状语。 试翻译：当我和孩子们一起烘焙时，我在传承她的遗产，同时传授他们生活技能。 高考真题链接 （2012·湖北·高考真题D篇）How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father. Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others’ lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”. A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs. One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents. 63．The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_______”. A．in a different family environment B．in a different family tradition C．in different family crises D．in different families 64．In terms of language development, later-borns ________. A．get their parents’ individual guidance B．learn a lot from their elder siblings C．experience a lot of difficulties D．pick up words more quickly 65．What was found about fights among siblings? A．Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. B．Siblings in some families fought frequently. C．Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. D．Siblings learned to get on together from fights. 66．The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “_______”. A．having qualities of parents B．having qualities of women C．having defensive qualities D．having extraordinary qualities 1. “The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later.” 抓标志：并列连词 “and”，比较词 “than” 判类型：主句为包含两个并列谓语的复合句，“is an only child” 和 “has a completely different experience” 为并列谓语；“for a while” 为插入语；“than those born later” 为比较状语，其中 “born later” 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 “those”。 试翻译：长子 / 长女在一段时间内是独生子女，因此与后出生的孩子相比，他们对父母的体验完全不同。 2. “Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between ‘I’ and ‘me’.” 抓标志：转折连词 “but”，举例词 “such as” 判类型：主句为转折关系的并列句，“Later-borns don’t enjoy...” 与 “they harvest lessons... ” 构成并列结构；“learning entire phrases and getting an understanding... ” 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明 “harvest lessons” 的具体内容；“such as” 引导同位语举例说明 “social concepts”。 试翻译：后出生的孩子没有那么多与父母交流的时间，但他们反而从哥哥姐姐那里学到很多东西，比如完整的短语，以及对 “我”（主格）和 “我”（宾格）之类的社会概念的理解。 3. “A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.” 抓标志：从属连词 “that”“who”，省略的关系代词（修饰 “warmth” 的定语从句中省略了 that/which） 判类型：主句为 “A 2003 research paper studied adolescents... over two years”；“finding that... ” 为现在分词短语作结果状语，其中 “that” 引导宾语从句；宾语从句中，“those who changed... siblings” 为主语（“who” 引导定语从句修饰 “those”），“they gained from their parents” 为定语从句修饰 “warmth”。 试翻译：2003 年的一篇研究论文对 185 个家庭的青少年进行了为期两年的研究，发现那些通过改变使自己与兄弟姐妹不同的青少年，成功地增加了从父母那里获得的关爱。 turn out：结果是；变得 for a while：暂时；一会儿 one-on-one time：一对一的时间 pick up：学会；掌握 harvest lessons from：从…… 学到东西 social concepts：社会概念 positive communication：积极的交流 seek attention：寻求关注 make oneself different from：使自己与…… 不同 increase the amount of：增加…… 的数量 shaping force：塑造力；影响因素 love-hate relationship：爱恨交织的关系 maximum degree：最大程度 be raised in：在…… 环境中被抚养 综合实战演练 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·广东梅州期末) My dad doesn’t seem like the kind of guy who would bake great bread, but he is and he does. Every Saturday he produces homemade bread. When he’s finished, the whole house smells delicious. The rest of the week, Dad works as a mechanic (机修工). The car repair shop where Dad works is running so well that he is always busy. He is under a lot of stress. I think Dad began baking bread to help him relax. I’ve been feeling kind of stressed out myself since I found out I failed to join the school swim team. Now I’ll have to wait a whole year to try out again. Besides, I’m taking some difficult classes this year. I think Dad knew I was feeling bad. Last Saturday he asked me how things were going. I said OK, even though I didn’t feel OK at all. He looked at me for a moment, and then he said it was time for me to help. Then he headed to the kitchen. I followed right behind him. Once we were there, Dad got out his big mixing bowl, handed me a large wooden spoon, and told me to mix while he added the ingredients (配料). Dad isn’t big on measuring. He knows how much of each ingredient to use, and the bread always turns out great. When I had finished, Dad showed me how to knead the dough (揉面团). Next came the most difficult part — doing nothing. We put the dough back into the bowl and then we waited for more than an hour for the dough to slowly rise and double in size. Next, we divided it into two and waited for it to rise again. After that, we put the dough into pans (烤盘) and waited another hour for the dough to rise and double. Dad said the waiting is always the hardest part. “Listen to me, Diana. It’s hard to resist putting the dough directly into the baking oven, but if you do, the bread will be hard. The most important lesson of all is learning to be patient.” Dad taught me more than how to bake bread. 1．What can we learn about the author’s father? A．He is living a relaxing life. B．He has a special way to deal with stress. C．He tries his best to raise his family. D．He is more like a baker than a mechanic 2．Why is the author feeling stressed? A．Her school life isn’t satisfying. B．She is tired of making bread. C．She couldn’t finish her homework. D．She failed some difficult exams. 3．What does the underlined sentence “Dad isn’t big on measuring” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Dad is fond of measuring. B．Dad is inexperienced in bread baking. C．Dad is careful about ingredients. D．Dad doesn’t like measuring. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．A Valuable Life Lesson. B．Enjoyable Housework. C．Father’s Unique Way to Relax. D．The Secret of Delicious Bread. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·北京通州期末) In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand (木架) with a small notepad (记事本) and a hole for a pencil. I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil. The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one. “I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?” My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in those days.” Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant (绝妙的) thought, but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back.” It turned out to be a real breakthrough in solving the mathematical problem I was working on. This story — which happened before I was born — reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed (惭愧) that I complain about not having enough time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboard. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible (看不到的) exhibits at every meal. 1．What is the author’s original opinion about the wooden stand? A．It should be passed on to the next generation. B．It brings her back to her lonely childhood. C．It needs to be replaced by a better one. D．It has great value for the family. 2．Why has the author’s mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen? A．To write down a flash of inspiration. B．To note down maths problems. C．To list her everyday tasks. D．To leave messages. 3．The author feels embarrassed for ______. A．giving her mother a lot of trouble B．not praising her mother C．not making any progress in her work D．not making good use of time as her mother did 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The family members like traveling. B．The mother is successful in her field. C．The marks on the breadboard have disappeared. D．The author had little time to play when young. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·吉林·期末）Mom died just before the Christmas season the year before, after a short battle with cancer. At the age of seventy-two, she had been well prepared for her death, but I was not. Of both French and Indian background, she had a gentle, soft touch. All her life, Mom was there for me; although now a grown woman, I still needed my senior parent for advice and comfort. We were the best of friends, and over the years, we shared, laughed and cried together. I often found myself wearing her red sweater, which had been Mom’s favourite, and it was faded and worn from years of use. To cope with my grief, I would imagine my mom wearing the red sweater and reaching out to comfort me. Her warm hands, worn and shrivelled (干枯) from age and work, had cared for a large family, and brought life to plants and flowers. Mom lost both her cultures when she married my father, a white man, and moved from her island to live on his. When she arrived in isolated and rural Cardigan at the age of eighteen, she began to learn English. Sadly, her knowledge of both French and her native Chinook began to fade away. One of my favourite memories are the native powwws (帕瓦仪式) we attended on Panmure Island. First Nations people from all over North America travelled there to participate in the powwows. It was an opportunity for Mom to mingle with the First Nations people, wear her native shirt, dance in the sacred circle and socialize. She loved going to those powwows and I remember her proudly telling an elder once, “I’m Indian, too.” Although she had moved into the white man’s world when she married, she never lost her Chinook heritage of strong native spirituality, deep respect for the land, and love for the outdoors-all of which she passed on to me and my eight brothers and sisters. Now, her image travels with me when I feel grief and pain. She always wears the red sweater and for an instant, our hands join. Death has not separated us. 1．Why did I keep Mom’s red sweater? A．It was a gift from my mom as my best friend. B．It held many memories and offered me comfort. C．It was Mom’s favourite despite its overuse. D．It witnessed my growth from a girl to a woman. 2．Why did Mom love to attend the native powwow? A．She felt isolated and wanted to make friends there. B．She lost her culture after she married my father. C．She was eager to be identified with her ancient roots. D．She was passionate about outdoor activities. 3．Which of the following best describes Mom? A．Quiet and considerate. B．Strict and determined. C．Talkative and humorous. D．Hardworking and caring. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Silenced Cultural Identity B．A Valuable Heritage C．The Red Sweater D．Journey to the Roots Passage 4 （24-25高一上·贵州安顺期末）Conflict between parents and children is normal. It is part of family life. But conflict that goes on for a long time and gets worse over time can cause stress and can hurt relationships. It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution. You can do this through compromise (让步) or by agreeing to disagree. No matter what else you do, communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them. This can make dealing with conflict easier and more effective. In some cases, you may have to change your behaviour to settle a conflict with your child. Some of your child’s behaviour may be a reaction to your behaviour. So, if you want your child to behave in a certain way, one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model. But children should be responsible for their own actions and the results. All parents want to protect their children. But in some cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do. Collaborate (合作) to develop specific rules and write them down. These may include statements such as how much time they can spend on electronics, and when homework must be completed. Not only are you modeling for your kids how to work together and resolve differences, but also you are working out important guidelines for how your house will operate. Have clear results for misconduct. Thus, if your child disobeys the rules, make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly. Additionally, create routines so that they know when they have free time to themselves after they have completed tasks set out for them. These could include helping feed the family pet, taking a shower, or finishing homework. 1．What's the key to solving the conflict between parents and children? A．Advising children to give in. B．Changing their behaviors. C．Reaching an understanding. D．Developing some rules. 2．Why do parents need to change their behavior first in the conflict? A．To compromise with their children. B．To take responsibility for their actions. C．To find a reason to punish children. D．To set a good example for children. 3．What should parents do if the child does something bad? A．Teach him how to solve it. B．Handle the situation for him. C．Let him deal with it himself. D．Share the solutions with him. 4．Whom is the text written to? A．Parents. B．Children. C．Teachers. D．Students. Passage 5 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）While most elderly parents prefer to age in their own homes, safety and health concerns don’t always make this possible. As a second choice to a nursing home, many of them move in to live with their adult children. 1 Let’s take a look at a few tips to help you open your heart and home to your senior parents. Patience You and your children may be excited about the idea of having your elderly parents move in, but that doesn’t mean that they will share your excitement. Moving out of their comfortable home can be very upsetting. 2 Space Before you bring an elderly parent into your home, you need to consider if you have enough space for them. 3 This means that you should give them their own bedroom. It’s important to give your parents a space where they can have some privacy. Responsibility and Purpose Your senior parents used to be in charge of their own home and are likely to feel like a burden as they begin to settle in your home. One effective way is to give them a household responsibility. 4 Quality time Moving your elderly parents into your home will undoubtedly have its challenges. However, you are being given the opportunity to spend valuable quality time with your parents and share them with the rest of the family. 5 Follow these tips to help make the adjustment easier for the whole family. A．These moments can become precious memories. B．Your parents would like to have a place they can call their own. C．However, everyone will have an adjustment period if it happens. D．Regular medical check-ups are essential for maintaining their health. E．Seniors often bring valuable life experiences when moving in with family. F．Asking them to cook a meal or sweep the floors can make them feel needed. G．It’s important to remain as patient as possible and give them the space to adjust. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·陕西商洛·期末）How middle school students can shoulder family responsibilities As middle school students, learning to take on family responsibilities is key to the growth and fostering a harmonious home environment. Here are practical ways to contribute meaningfully within the family. Manage individual space and chores (琐事) Start by maintaining your own space. Make your bed daily, organize your study area, and keep your clothes tidy. These habits cultivate self-discipline. 1 . For example, wash dishes, take out the trash, or help with grocery lists. Every small effort eases the family workload. Develop effective communication skills 2 . Share your school experiences, joys, and concerns during meals or family time. When disagreements arise, listen actively to others’ perspectives. For example, if your parents limit your screen time, discuss your feelings calmly instead of arguing. This approach resolves conflicts and deepens relationships. 3 When family members face difficulties, extend a helping hand. Comfort a younger sibling struggling with homework, or offer to run errands for busy parents. Simple acts show your thoughtfulness and strengthen familial bonds. Take charge of your growth Set clear study goals, complete assignments on time, and participate actively in school activities. 4 . Maintaining a healthy lifestyle — exercising regularly, eating well, and getting enough sleep — also demonstrates self-management. By handling your affairs independently, you reduce parental worries. Always keep a grateful heart Finally, express gratitude often. On special occasions, create handmade cards or prepare simple meals for your family. 5 . These gestures of appreciation make your loved ones feel valued and reinforce the importance of family connections. A．Prioritize school grades B．Be ready to provide help C．These small acts have a big impact D．Then, gradually take on shared household chores E．These show your commitment to self-improvement F．Open communication is the foundation of a strong family G．However, balancing study and leisure is equally important Passage 7 （24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·期末）We began our bus trips when I was around seven years old. Back then, we lived at our grandparents’ house since we were 1 struggling and couldn’t find an affordable 2 to call our own. It was easy to 3 frustration (挫折). But my mom used the 4 to give my brother Jess and me unforgettable memories. Every week, my mom would take Jess and me to the nearest bus stop, and from there we would go on to 5 the world. The public transportation system around the area was 6 . For a very low fee, it was possible to purchase a ticket that allowed riders to 7 all the buses they wanted throughout an entire day. My mom 8 the system well and guided us to different destinations. For our 9 , we would go to Strand Beach, where we would watch ships sail past and hear helicopters fly overhead. Among our most 10 places was the mall in Carlsbad, where there was a large, glass clock tower. The 11 always attracted a small crowd throughout the day, mostly children. I was grateful to my mom for making that 12 period adventurous and fun. My mom did more than distract (使分心) Jess and me from our 13 . She fueled our 14 for keeping our eyes open and appreciating a world that was ours without having to 15 too much. 1．A．physically B．politically C．mentally D．financially 2．A．system B．place C．holiday D．business 3．A．pose for B．put aside C．back down D．give in to 4．A．experiment B．welfare C．situation D．accent 5．A．preserve B．restore C．associate D．explore 6．A．violent B．ambitious C．extensive D．precious 7．A．pretend B．board C．operate D．reserve 8．A．exclaimed B．obsessed C．studied D．polished 9．A．deals B．secrets C．adventures D．assumptions 10．A．frequented B．questioned C．dominated D．estimated 11．A．promotion B．spotlight C．performance D．sight 12．A．dangerous B．tough C．imaginary D．exciting 13．A．argument B．metaphor C．interaction D．poverty 14．A．sympathy B．enthusiasm C．responsibility D．dislike 15．A．pay B．threat C．share D．praise Passage 8 （24-25高二下·河南·期末）“Mom, thanks for making barbecued meatballs and rice,” said Betsy with misty eyes. She hugged me goodbye while her dad finished 1 the car with packed boxes. “I’m really going to 2 your cooking,” my daughter added. Betsy’s 3 about home-cooked meals gave me an idea. I decided to make special 4 for my three grown children, who were in various stages of 5 home for college and careers. For several days I copied family 6 from my cards with food marks, knowing they would bring back fond memories. When the 7 cards stood alphabetized (按字母顺序) in their boxes, I set them aside until I would be with my 8 again. When the time came, I 9 each one with the recipes. Smiles and cries of 10 filled the air as they ran through the cards. “I remember making this bread in my second-grade class,” remarked Steven. “This is the best macaroni and cheese ever!” recalled Lori. Over the years the boxes 11 to be popular resources in their kitchens, 12 of the food and love they were served during their childhoods. Now, with children of their own, they explained the stories behind the recipes, and 13 them to become young cooks. One day, a video arrived on my computer. I watched my eleven-year-old granddaughter, as she 14 how to make an omelet (蛋饼). When she finished, she held it up to the camera and said, “Bon appetite!” I think it’s time to give Amy her own 15 box filled with family recipes. 1．A．loading B．covering C．stopping D．repairing 2．A．enjoy B．share C．try D．miss 3．A．complaint B．request C．comment D．recommendation 4．A．trips B．reservations C．gifts D．promises 5．A．transforming B．renting C．leaving D．preparing 6．A．memories B．traditions C．secrets D．recipes 7．A．well-sold B．hand-written C．custom-made D．mass-produced 8．A．children B．neighbors C．colleagues D．agents 9．A．treated B．rewarded C．presented D．credited 10．A．hunger B．delight C．relief D．passion 11．A．happened B．appeared C．pretended D．continued 12．A．reminders B．examples C．thoughts D．forms 13．A．forced B．inspired C．trained D．convinced 14．A．taught B．discovered C．wondered D．demonstrated 15．A．fancy B．unique C．original D．antique Passage 9 （2025高三·全国·专题练习）A frail old man went to live with his son, daughter-in-law, and four-year-old grandson. 1 old man’s hands trembled, his eyesight was blurred, and his step faltered. The family ate together at the table. But the elderly grandfather’s shaky hands and 2 (fail) sight made eating difficult. Peas rolled off his spoon onto the floor. When he grasped the glass, milk spilled on the tablecloth. The son and daughter-in-law became angry with the mess. “I’ve had enough of his 3 (spill) milk, noisy eating, and food on the floor,” said the son. So the husband and wife set a small table in the corner. There, Grandfather ate alone 4 the rest of the family enjoyed dinner. Since Grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food 5 (serve) in a wooden bowl. When the family glanced 6 Grandfather’s direction, sometimes he had a tear in his eye. Still, the only words the couple had for him were sharp admonitions when he dropped a fork or spilled food. The four-year-old grandson watched it all in silence. One evening before supper, the father noticed his son 7 (play) with wood scraps on the floor. He asked the child 8 (sweet), “What are you making?” The boy responded, “Oh, I am making a little bowl for you and Mama to eat your food when I grow up.” The words struck the parents so hard that they were speechless. Then tears started to stream down their cheeks. Though no word was spoken, both knew what must be done. That evening the husband took his 9 (grandfather) hand and gently led him back to the family table. For the remainder of his days, he ate every meal with the family. And for some reason, neither husband nor wife seemed 10 (care) any longer when a fork was dropped, milk spilled, or the tablecloth soiled. Passage 10 （2025·广西贵港·高一期末）Growing up, my older brother, a science enthusiast, shared fascinating facts with me, like how our cells are completely new every seven years. This idea highlighted the concept of constant change in our selves, 1 (mean) I’m a physically different person from the one I was years ago. Today, I often wonder: Am I a story that’s constantly 2 (write)? People have debated this for a long time, with ancient Greeks arguing 3 a thing’s true essence lies in its unchanging nature or its ongoing development. Plato believed that natural science focuses on the changing physical world, 4 philosophy, using intelligence and reason, explored the change less eternal (永恒). For instance, veterinary science studies growing dogs, but philosophers question the idea of “Dog” itself. Aristotle 5 (agree) that science explains what we see but argued that the material universe is in constant change. He believed change is part of the true nature of things and your virtue is about who you’re turning into, not a 6 (fix) identity. As such, becoming was his focus, rather than some perfect invisible being. So, which is your view, and how does that guide the way you live? None of this is 7 (say) the choice between Platonism and Aristotelianism is absolute. We all have some unchanging characteristics, and we also change in many ways. The philosophical perspective you adopt will depend on how you principally define 8 (you) and what you choose to pay attention to as you move through the world. Are you more like a Platonist or an Aristotelian? It depends on whether you see yourself as having a fixed identity or a changing story. Today’s culture often pushes you to be a Platonist, defining yourself 9 a certain type of person. This can make you a repeat customer and give you a sense of belonging. But it might also keep you in situations you don’t like. Being more like 10 Aristotelian can set you free. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Family matters 家庭事务 话题阅读精练 时文拓展阅读 The Power of Family Traditions Family traditions shape our identity and strengthen bonds. Whether it’s a weekly game night or annual holiday rituals, these routines create lasting memories. For example, my family gathers every New Year’s Eve to cook dumplings and watch fireworks. This tradition reminds us of our shared history and love. Traditions also pass down values. My grandmother’s recipe for apple pie isn’t just food—it’s a symbol of her patience and creativity. When I bake it with my children, I’m preserving her legacy while teaching them life skills. Some traditions adapt to modern life. Instead of handwritten letters, my family uses a group chat to share daily updates. We still “meet” every Sunday evening, but now it’s virtual. This flexibility keeps our connection strong despite busy schedules. 语篇翻译： 家庭传统塑造我们的身份，巩固亲情纽带。无论是每周的游戏夜还是年度节日仪式，这些惯例都能留下永恒回忆。例如，我家每年除夕都会一起包饺子、看烟花。这一传统让我们铭记共同的历史与爱。 传统也传递价值观。祖母的苹果派食谱不仅是食物，更是她耐心与创造力的象征。当我和孩子们一起烘焙时，我在传承她的遗产，同时传授生活技能。 有些传统随时代调整。家人不再手写书信，而是用群聊分享日常。我们仍每周日晚 “相聚”，只是改为线上形式。这种灵活性让我们在忙碌中保持紧密联系。 重点词汇： ritual /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ n. 仪式 legacy /ˈleɡəsi/ n. 遗产 virtual /ˈvɜːrtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的 flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n. 灵活性 bond /bɒnd/ n. 纽带 长难句分析: When I bake it with my children, I’m preserving her legacy while teaching them life skills. 抓标志：When（从属连词，引导时间状语从句） 判句型：时间状语从句（When I bake...） + 主句（I’m preserving... while teaching...） 主句中包含 while 引导的现在分词短语作伴随状语。 试翻译：当我和孩子们一起烘焙时，我在传承她的遗产，同时传授他们生活技能。 高考真题链接 （2012·湖北·高考真题D篇）How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father. Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others’ lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”. A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs. One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents. 63．The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_______”. A．in a different family environment B．in a different family tradition C．in different family crises D．in different families 64．In terms of language development, later-borns ________. A．get their parents’ individual guidance B．learn a lot from their elder siblings C．experience a lot of difficulties D．pick up words more quickly 65．What was found about fights among siblings? A．Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. B．Siblings in some families fought frequently. C．Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. D．Siblings learned to get on together from fights. 66．The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “_______”. A．having qualities of parents B．having qualities of women C．having defensive qualities D．having extraordinary qualities 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了同一家庭出身的兄弟姐妹性格为何不同？那是因为他们生活于不同的家庭环境：对于父母的体验，第一个出生的孩子与以后出生的孩子会迥然不同；在语言发展上，后出生的孩子更喜欢向哥哥姐姐学习而不是向父母学习。 63．A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“…different experience…”以及第一段最后一句中“…might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother and angry father.”（可能在最初几年生活在一个稳定和亲密的家庭;另一个可能是在家庭危机中长大的，有失望的母亲和愤怒的父亲。）可知，该短语意为“生活在不同的家庭环境中”，故A项正确。 64．B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话中“Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sister…”（晚出生的孩子不喜欢和父母聊天，相反，他们从哥哥姐姐那里学到很多东西）可知，后出生者更倾向于向兄弟姐妹学习，故B项正确。 65．D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much posistive communication as the other sibling pairs.”（即使是那些打架最频繁的兄弟姐妹也和其他兄弟姐妹有同样多的积极沟通。）可知，即使兄弟姐妹间争吵不断，他们也在此中学习相处之道，故D项正确。 66．B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据语境及本句中的“Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree ”（有兄弟的女孩表现出最大程度的差异）可知，妹的女孩更具有女性品质特征，因此，feminine意思为“具有女人的品质”。故B项正确。 1. “The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later.” 抓标志：并列连词 “and”，比较词 “than” 判类型：主句为包含两个并列谓语的复合句，“is an only child” 和 “has a completely different experience” 为并列谓语；“for a while” 为插入语；“than those born later” 为比较状语，其中 “born later” 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 “those”。 试翻译：长子 / 长女在一段时间内是独生子女，因此与后出生的孩子相比，他们对父母的体验完全不同。 2. “Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between ‘I’ and ‘me’.” 抓标志：转折连词 “but”，举例词 “such as” 判类型：主句为转折关系的并列句，“Later-borns don’t enjoy...” 与 “they harvest lessons... ” 构成并列结构；“learning entire phrases and getting an understanding... ” 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明 “harvest lessons” 的具体内容；“such as” 引导同位语举例说明 “social concepts”。 试翻译：后出生的孩子没有那么多与父母交流的时间，但他们反而从哥哥姐姐那里学到很多东西，比如完整的短语，以及对 “我”（主格）和 “我”（宾格）之类的社会概念的理解。 3. “A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.” 抓标志：从属连词 “that”“who”，省略的关系代词（修饰 “warmth” 的定语从句中省略了 that/which） 判类型：主句为 “A 2003 research paper studied adolescents... over two years”；“finding that... ” 为现在分词短语作结果状语，其中 “that” 引导宾语从句；宾语从句中，“those who changed... siblings” 为主语（“who” 引导定语从句修饰 “those”），“they gained from their parents” 为定语从句修饰 “warmth”。 试翻译：2003 年的一篇研究论文对 185 个家庭的青少年进行了为期两年的研究，发现那些通过改变使自己与兄弟姐妹不同的青少年，成功地增加了从父母那里获得的关爱。 turn out：结果是；变得 for a while：暂时；一会儿 one-on-one time：一对一的时间 pick up：学会；掌握 harvest lessons from：从…… 学到东西 social concepts：社会概念 positive communication：积极的交流 seek attention：寻求关注 make oneself different from：使自己与…… 不同 increase the amount of：增加…… 的数量 shaping force：塑造力；影响因素 love-hate relationship：爱恨交织的关系 maximum degree：最大程度 be raised in：在…… 环境中被抚养 综合实战演练 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·广东梅州期末) My dad doesn’t seem like the kind of guy who would bake great bread, but he is and he does. Every Saturday he produces homemade bread. When he’s finished, the whole house smells delicious. The rest of the week, Dad works as a mechanic (机修工). The car repair shop where Dad works is running so well that he is always busy. He is under a lot of stress. I think Dad began baking bread to help him relax. I’ve been feeling kind of stressed out myself since I found out I failed to join the school swim team. Now I’ll have to wait a whole year to try out again. Besides, I’m taking some difficult classes this year. I think Dad knew I was feeling bad. Last Saturday he asked me how things were going. I said OK, even though I didn’t feel OK at all. He looked at me for a moment, and then he said it was time for me to help. Then he headed to the kitchen. I followed right behind him. Once we were there, Dad got out his big mixing bowl, handed me a large wooden spoon, and told me to mix while he added the ingredients (配料). Dad isn’t big on measuring. He knows how much of each ingredient to use, and the bread always turns out great. When I had finished, Dad showed me how to knead the dough (揉面团). Next came the most difficult part — doing nothing. We put the dough back into the bowl and then we waited for more than an hour for the dough to slowly rise and double in size. Next, we divided it into two and waited for it to rise again. After that, we put the dough into pans (烤盘) and waited another hour for the dough to rise and double. Dad said the waiting is always the hardest part. “Listen to me, Diana. It’s hard to resist putting the dough directly into the baking oven, but if you do, the bread will be hard. The most important lesson of all is learning to be patient.” Dad taught me more than how to bake bread. 1．What can we learn about the author’s father? A．He is living a relaxing life. B．He has a special way to deal with stress. C．He tries his best to raise his family. D．He is more like a baker than a mechanic 2．Why is the author feeling stressed? A．Her school life isn’t satisfying. B．She is tired of making bread. C．She couldn’t finish her homework. D．She failed some difficult exams. 3．What does the underlined sentence “Dad isn’t big on measuring” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Dad is fond of measuring. B．Dad is inexperienced in bread baking. C．Dad is careful about ingredients. D．Dad doesn’t like measuring. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．A Valuable Life Lesson. B．Enjoyable Housework. C．Father’s Unique Way to Relax. D．The Secret of Delicious Bread. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲通过做面包来缓解压力，并教作者如何做面包，同时在这个过程中教会了作者要有耐心。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“He is under a lot of stress. I think Dad began baking bread to help him relax.(他压力很大。我想爸爸开始烤面包是为了帮助他放松)”可知，作者的父亲有特殊的减压方法。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“I’ve been feeling kind of stressed out myself since I found out I failed to join the school swim team. Now I’ll have to wait a whole year to try out again. Besides, I’m taking some difficult classes this year.(自从我发现自己没能加入学校游泳队以来，我就一直感到压力很大。现在我得等一整年才能再试一次。此外，今年我选了一些很难的课程)”可知，作者感到压力是因为她的学校生活不尽如人意。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据下文“He knows how much of each ingredient to use, and the bread always turns out great.(他知道每种配料要用多少，面包总是做得很好)”可知，作者的父亲做面包时不需要测量，因为他知道每种配料要用多少，由此可知，“Dad isn’t big on measuring”的意思是“爸爸不喜欢测量”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Listen to me, Diana. It’s hard to resist putting the dough directly into the baking oven, but if you do, the bread will be hard. The most important lesson of all is learning to be patient.” Dad taught me more than how to bake bread.(“听我说，戴安娜。很难抗拒把面团直接放进烤箱，但如果你这样做了，面包就会变硬。最重要的是要学会耐心。”爸爸教给我的不仅仅是烤面包的方法)”可知，作者的父亲在教作者做面包的过程中教会了作者要有耐心，这是作者从父亲那里学到的宝贵的人生一课，所以本文最好的标题是A项“宝贵的人生一课”。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·北京通州期末) In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand (木架) with a small notepad (记事本) and a hole for a pencil. I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil. The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one. “I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?” My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in those days.” Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant (绝妙的) thought, but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back.” It turned out to be a real breakthrough in solving the mathematical problem I was working on. This story — which happened before I was born — reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed (惭愧) that I complain about not having enough time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboard. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible (看不到的) exhibits at every meal. 1．What is the author’s original opinion about the wooden stand? A．It should be passed on to the next generation. B．It brings her back to her lonely childhood. C．It needs to be replaced by a better one. D．It has great value for the family. 2．Why has the author’s mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen? A．To write down a flash of inspiration. B．To note down maths problems. C．To list her everyday tasks. D．To leave messages. 3．The author feels embarrassed for ______. A．giving her mother a lot of trouble B．not praising her mother C．not making any progress in her work D．not making good use of time as her mother did 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The family members like traveling. B．The mother is successful in her field. C．The marks on the breadboard have disappeared. D．The author had little time to play when young. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆母亲厨房里的木架、记事本和铅笔，以及母亲利用这些工具记录灵感的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.(这么多年过去了，你还在用同一个架子放记事本和铅笔，我真是太惊讶了)”可推断，作者最初认为这个木架应该被更好的替换掉。故选 C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in those days.(我从来不知道什么时候会想记下一个想法，而那些日子我总是在厨房里)”可知，作者的母亲总是把记事本和铅笔放在厨房里是为了记录下突然的灵感。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I feel embarrassed (惭愧) that I complain about not having enough time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboard. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible (看不到的) exhibits at every meal.(我为自己抱怨没有足够的时间工作而感到惭愧。后来，母亲去浴室的时候，我走进她的厨房，翻过切菜板。果然，在最小的一块切菜板背面，有一些用铅笔写下的、我能认出是数学符号的标记。这些符号历经五十年依然完好无损，它们扎根于一块廉价木制切菜板的“土壤”中，在每一顿饭时都作为看不见的展品存在着)”可知，作者感到惭愧是因为没有像母亲那样充分利用时间。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This story — which happened before I was born — reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician.(这个故事发生在我出生之前，它让我想起我的母亲作为一位天才数学家是多么的不平凡)”可推知，作者的母亲在她的领域很成功。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·吉林·期末）Mom died just before the Christmas season the year before, after a short battle with cancer. At the age of seventy-two, she had been well prepared for her death, but I was not. Of both French and Indian background, she had a gentle, soft touch. All her life, Mom was there for me; although now a grown woman, I still needed my senior parent for advice and comfort. We were the best of friends, and over the years, we shared, laughed and cried together. I often found myself wearing her red sweater, which had been Mom’s favourite, and it was faded and worn from years of use. To cope with my grief, I would imagine my mom wearing the red sweater and reaching out to comfort me. Her warm hands, worn and shrivelled (干枯) from age and work, had cared for a large family, and brought life to plants and flowers. Mom lost both her cultures when she married my father, a white man, and moved from her island to live on his. When she arrived in isolated and rural Cardigan at the age of eighteen, she began to learn English. Sadly, her knowledge of both French and her native Chinook began to fade away. One of my favourite memories are the native powwws (帕瓦仪式) we attended on Panmure Island. First Nations people from all over North America travelled there to participate in the powwows. It was an opportunity for Mom to mingle with the First Nations people, wear her native shirt, dance in the sacred circle and socialize. She loved going to those powwows and I remember her proudly telling an elder once, “I’m Indian, too.” Although she had moved into the white man’s world when she married, she never lost her Chinook heritage of strong native spirituality, deep respect for the land, and love for the outdoors-all of which she passed on to me and my eight brothers and sisters. Now, her image travels with me when I feel grief and pain. She always wears the red sweater and for an instant, our hands join. Death has not separated us. 1．Why did I keep Mom’s red sweater? A．It was a gift from my mom as my best friend. B．It held many memories and offered me comfort. C．It was Mom’s favourite despite its overuse. D．It witnessed my growth from a girl to a woman. 2．Why did Mom love to attend the native powwow? A．She felt isolated and wanted to make friends there. B．She lost her culture after she married my father. C．She was eager to be identified with her ancient roots. D．She was passionate about outdoor activities. 3．Which of the following best describes Mom? A．Quiet and considerate. B．Strict and determined. C．Talkative and humorous. D．Hardworking and caring. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Silenced Cultural Identity B．A Valuable Heritage C．The Red Sweater D．Journey to the Roots 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在母亲去世后，通过母亲的红毛衣连接的点滴回忆表达了自己的悲伤以及对母亲的怀念。 1．细节理解题。第三段第二句“To cope with my grief, I would imagine my mom wearing the red sweater and reaching out to comfort me.( 为了处理我的悲伤，我会想象妈妈穿着红色毛衣，伸出手来安慰我。)”明确指出作者看到毛衣，会想象着自己的妈妈穿着毛衣安慰自己，故这件毛衣是作者的情感象征，承载着对妈妈的回忆，能给作者一丝宽慰。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段前五句“One of my favourite memories are the native powwws (帕瓦仪式) we attended on Panmure Island. First Nations people from all over North America travelled there to participate in the powwows. It was an opportunity for Mom to mingle with the First Nations people, wear her native shirt, dance in the sacred circle and socialize. She loved going to those powwows and I remember her proudly telling an elder once, “I’m Indian, too.” (我最喜欢的回忆之一是我们在潘穆雷岛参加的当地的帕瓦仪式。来自北美各地的原住民前往那里参加了该仪式。这对妈妈来说是一个与原住民交往的机会，穿上她的本土衬衫，在神圣的圈子里跳舞和社交。她喜欢去那些聚会，我记得她曾经自豪地告诉一位老人，“我也是印度人。”)”可知，作者的妈妈渴望认同自己的原住民根源，对自己的身份感到自豪。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Her warm hands, worn and shrivelled (干枯) from age and work, had cared for a large family, and brought life to plants and flowers. (她温暖的双手因年龄和工作而磨损和枯萎，照顾了一个大家庭，给植物和花朵带来了生命。)”可知，母亲很是勤劳，总是在关心关爱家庭和自然。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Now, her image travels with me when I feel grief and pain. She always wears the red sweater and for an instant, our hands join. Death has not separated us. (现在，当我感到悲伤和痛苦时，她的形象会和我一起旅行。她总是穿那件红色毛衣，我们的手一下子就合在一起了。死亡并没有把我们分开。)”可知，本文讲述的是作者对妈妈的怀念和回忆，主要是基于妈妈留下的红毛衣，但这件毛衣不是一件普通的毛衣，而是作者无比珍视的遗产，是作者的精神寄托，作为标题，选项B的A Valuable Heritage“一件个珍贵的遗产”比选项C 的The Red Sweater “那件红毛衣”更能呈现出情感价值，更适合作本文标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·贵州安顺期末）Conflict between parents and children is normal. It is part of family life. But conflict that goes on for a long time and gets worse over time can cause stress and can hurt relationships. It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution. You can do this through compromise (让步) or by agreeing to disagree. No matter what else you do, communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them. This can make dealing with conflict easier and more effective. In some cases, you may have to change your behaviour to settle a conflict with your child. Some of your child’s behaviour may be a reaction to your behaviour. So, if you want your child to behave in a certain way, one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model. But children should be responsible for their own actions and the results. All parents want to protect their children. But in some cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do. Collaborate (合作) to develop specific rules and write them down. These may include statements such as how much time they can spend on electronics, and when homework must be completed. Not only are you modeling for your kids how to work together and resolve differences, but also you are working out important guidelines for how your house will operate. Have clear results for misconduct. Thus, if your child disobeys the rules, make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly. Additionally, create routines so that they know when they have free time to themselves after they have completed tasks set out for them. These could include helping feed the family pet, taking a shower, or finishing homework. 1．What's the key to solving the conflict between parents and children? A．Advising children to give in. B．Changing their behaviors. C．Reaching an understanding. D．Developing some rules. 2．Why do parents need to change their behavior first in the conflict? A．To compromise with their children. B．To take responsibility for their actions. C．To find a reason to punish children. D．To set a good example for children. 3．What should parents do if the child does something bad? A．Teach him how to solve it. B．Handle the situation for him. C．Let him deal with it himself. D．Share the solutions with him. 4．Whom is the text written to? A．Parents. B．Children. C．Teachers. D．Students. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何解决父母和孩子之间的冲突。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution. You can do this through compromise (让步) or by agreeing to disagree.(重要的是相互沟通，以和平方式解决冲突。你可以通过妥协或同意不同意见来做到这一点)”可知，解决父母和孩子冲突的关键是互相沟通和理解，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“So, if you want your child to behave in a certain way, one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model.(所以，如果你想让你的孩子以某种方式行事，一种方法可能是改变你的行为，这样你的孩子就会以你为榜样。)”可知，父母首先需在冲突中改变自己的行为，这是为了给孩子树立榜样，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But in some cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do.(但在某些情况下，除非孩子有身体上的危险，否则最好让孩子自己处理他们所做的事情的负面结果。)”可知，如果孩子造成不好的事情发生，父母应让孩子自己去处理，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“No matter what else you do, communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them.(不管你做什么，和你的孩子交流，确保他们知道你爱他们)”和第二段中“In some cases, you may have to change your behaviour to settle a conflict with your child.(在某些情况下，你可能不得不改变你的行为来解决与孩子的冲突)”可知，文章是写给父母的，故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）While most elderly parents prefer to age in their own homes, safety and health concerns don’t always make this possible. As a second choice to a nursing home, many of them move in to live with their adult children. 1 Let’s take a look at a few tips to help you open your heart and home to your senior parents. Patience You and your children may be excited about the idea of having your elderly parents move in, but that doesn’t mean that they will share your excitement. Moving out of their comfortable home can be very upsetting. 2 Space Before you bring an elderly parent into your home, you need to consider if you have enough space for them. 3 This means that you should give them their own bedroom. It’s important to give your parents a space where they can have some privacy. Responsibility and Purpose Your senior parents used to be in charge of their own home and are likely to feel like a burden as they begin to settle in your home. One effective way is to give them a household responsibility. 4 Quality time Moving your elderly parents into your home will undoubtedly have its challenges. However, you are being given the opportunity to spend valuable quality time with your parents and share them with the rest of the family. 5 Follow these tips to help make the adjustment easier for the whole family. A．These moments can become precious memories. B．Your parents would like to have a place they can call their own. C．However, everyone will have an adjustment period if it happens. D．Regular medical check-ups are essential for maintaining their health. E．Seniors often bring valuable life experiences when moving in with family. F．Asking them to cook a meal or sweep the floors can make them feel needed. G．It’s important to remain as patient as possible and give them the space to adjust. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．B 4．F 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了年迈父母选择与成年子女同住这一现象，并提供了帮助父母顺利融入家庭的几点建议，包括保持耐心、提供独立空间、赋予家庭责任以及珍惜相处时光等。 1．根据上文“many of them move in to live with their adult children(许多年迈父母会搬去和成年子女同住)”以及下文“Let’s take a look at a few tips to help you open your heart and home to your senior parents(让我们看看一些帮助你向年迈父母敞开心扉和家门的建议)”可知，上文说的是许多年迈父母会搬去和成年子女同住，下文说的是一些帮助你向年迈父母敞开心扉和家门的建议，可推理出空格处应起到承上启下的作用，引出与父母同住需要适应过程这一话题。C项“However, everyone will have an adjustment period if it happens(然而，如果这种情况发生，每个人都会有一个适应期)”表达的含义符合语境，既承接了父母同住的情况，又为下文的建议做了铺垫，故选C项。 2．根据本段小标题“Patience(耐心)”以及上文“Moving out of their comfortable home can be very upsetting(搬离舒适的家可能会令人心烦意乱)”可知，上文提到了耐心，还提到了搬离舒适的家可能会令人心烦意乱，可推理出下文表示的是要对父母有耐心，要给父母调整情绪留出空间，G项“It’s important to remain as patient as possible and give them the space to adjust(保持尽可能多的耐心，给他们调整的空间是很重要的)”与本段主题一致，且承接了父母搬离故居的不适，故选G项。 3．根据本段小标题“Space(空间)”以及下文“This means that you should give them their own bedroom. It’s important to give your parents a space where they can have some privacy(这意味着你应该给他们自己的卧室。给父母一个能有隐私的空间很重要)”可知，上文提到了空间，下文提到了要给父母一个能有隐私的空间，可推理出空白处表示的是父母希望有一个属于自己的空间，B项“Your parents would like to have a place they can call their own(你的父母会希望有一个自己的空间)”符合语境，故选B项。 4．根据本段小标题“Responsibility and Purpose(责任与目标)”以及上文“One effective way is to give them a household responsibility(一个有效的方法是给他们一项家庭责任)”可知，上文提到了给他们一项家庭责任，这是一个有效的方法，可推理出空白处说的是让父母做一些力所能及的事，让他们感受到被需要，F项“Asking them to cook a meal or sweep the floors can make them feel needed(让他们做一顿饭或扫地可以让他们感到被需要)”表达的含义符合语境，故选F项。 5．根据本段小标题“Quality time(优质时光)”以及上文“ However, you are being given the opportunity to spend valuable quality time with your parents and share them with the rest of the family(然而，你有机会与父母共度宝贵的优质时光，并与家人分享这些时光)”可知，上文提到了你有机会与父母共度宝贵的优质时光，并与家人分享这些时光，可推理出空格处应说明这些时光的意义。A项“These moments can become precious memories(这些时刻可以成为珍贵的回忆)”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·陕西商洛·期末）How middle school students can shoulder family responsibilities As middle school students, learning to take on family responsibilities is key to the growth and fostering a harmonious home environment. Here are practical ways to contribute meaningfully within the family. Manage individual space and chores (琐事) Start by maintaining your own space. Make your bed daily, organize your study area, and keep your clothes tidy. These habits cultivate self-discipline. 1 . For example, wash dishes, take out the trash, or help with grocery lists. Every small effort eases the family workload. Develop effective communication skills 2 . Share your school experiences, joys, and concerns during meals or family time. When disagreements arise, listen actively to others’ perspectives. For example, if your parents limit your screen time, discuss your feelings calmly instead of arguing. This approach resolves conflicts and deepens relationships. 3 When family members face difficulties, extend a helping hand. Comfort a younger sibling struggling with homework, or offer to run errands for busy parents. Simple acts show your thoughtfulness and strengthen familial bonds. Take charge of your growth Set clear study goals, complete assignments on time, and participate actively in school activities. 4 . Maintaining a healthy lifestyle — exercising regularly, eating well, and getting enough sleep — also demonstrates self-management. By handling your affairs independently, you reduce parental worries. Always keep a grateful heart Finally, express gratitude often. On special occasions, create handmade cards or prepare simple meals for your family. 5 . These gestures of appreciation make your loved ones feel valued and reinforce the importance of family connections. A．Prioritize school grades B．Be ready to provide help C．These small acts have a big impact D．Then, gradually take on shared household chores E．These show your commitment to self-improvement F．Open communication is the foundation of a strong family G．However, balancing study and leisure is equally important 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述中学生承担家庭责任的方法：做好个人事务与家务，学会有效沟通，主动提供帮助，对自身成长负责，常怀感恩之心。 1．上文“Start by maintaining your own space. Make your bed daily, organize your study area, and keep your clothes tidy. These habits cultivate self-discipline.(首先，要保持自己的个人空间整洁。每天整理好床铺，整理好学习区域，保持衣物整洁。这些习惯能够培养自律能力)”说明要先从整理自己的空间开始，养成自律的习惯，下文“For example, wash dishes, take out the trash, or help with grocery lists. Every small effort eases the family workload. (例如，洗碗、倒垃圾或帮忙列购物清单。每一个小小的努力都能减轻家庭的工作量)”说明要承担一些家务来减轻家庭负担，空处承上启下，D选项“然后，逐渐承担起共同的家庭事务”中的“Then”表示顺序的递进，说明在整理好自己的空间后，接下来要承担一些家务，与下文列举的家务相呼应，符合语境，故选D。 2．下文“Share your school experiences, joys, and concerns during meals or family time. When disagreements arise, listen actively to others’ perspectives. For example, if your parents limit your screen time, discuss your feelings calmly instead of arguing. This approach resolves conflicts and deepens relationships. (在用餐或家庭时间分享你的学校经历、快乐和烦恼。当出现分歧时，积极倾听他人的观点。例如，如果你的父母限制你看屏幕的时间，冷静地讨论你的感受，而不是争吵。这种方法可以解决冲突，加深关系)”说明要与家人积极沟通，分享自己的经历和感受，并倾听他人的观点，以解决冲突，加深关系，空处位于段首，应概括本段内容，F选项中的“Open communication”与下文中的“Share”和“listen actively”相呼应，说明开放沟通是家庭关系的基础，所以F选项“开放沟通是家庭关系的基础”符合语境。故选F。 3．下文“When family members face difficulties, extend a helping hand. Comfort a younger sibling struggling with homework, or offer to run errands for busy parents. Simple acts show your thoughtfulness and strengthen familial bonds. (当家庭成员面临困难时，伸出援助之手。安慰正在为作业而苦恼的弟弟妹妹，或者主动为忙碌的父母跑腿。简单的行为表现出你的体贴，并加强家庭纽带)”说明当家人遇到困难时，要主动提供帮助，空处位于段首，应概括本段内容，B选项中的“provide help”与下文中的“extend a helping hand”和“offer to run errands”相呼应，说明要随时准备提供帮助，所以B选项“随时准备提供帮助”符合语境。故选B。 4．上文“Set clear study goals, complete assignments on time, and participate actively in school activities. (设定明确的学习目标，按时完成作业，积极参加学校活动)”说明学生要自我提升的具体表现，下文“Maintaining a healthy lifestyle — exercising regularly, eating well, and getting enough sleep — also demonstrates self-management. By handling your affairs independently, you reduce parental worries. (保持健康的生活方式——定期锻炼、健康饮食和充足睡眠——也是自我管理的体现。通过独立处理自己的事务，你可以减少父母的担忧)”说明保持健康的生活方式也是自我管理的一种体现，空处承上启下，E选项中的“These”指代上文中的“设定学习目标，按时完成作业并积极参加学校活动”这些行为，说明这些行为展示了自我提升的决心，与下文中的“self-management”相呼应，所以E选项“这些表明了你对自我提升的承诺”符合语境。故选E。 5．上文“Finally, express gratitude often. On special occasions, create handmade cards or prepare simple meals for your family. (最后，要经常表达感激之情。在特殊场合，为家人制作手工卡片或准备简单的饭菜)”说明要经常表达感激之情和一些小举动，空处位于段尾，应总结上文，说明这些举动的影响，C选项中的“These small acts”指代上文中的“制作手工卡片或准备简单的饭菜”这些行为，强调其重要性，所以C选项“这些小小的举动有很大的影响”符合语境。故选C。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·期末）We began our bus trips when I was around seven years old. Back then, we lived at our grandparents’ house since we were 1 struggling and couldn’t find an affordable 2 to call our own. It was easy to 3 frustration (挫折). But my mom used the 4 to give my brother Jess and me unforgettable memories. Every week, my mom would take Jess and me to the nearest bus stop, and from there we would go on to 5 the world. The public transportation system around the area was 6 . For a very low fee, it was possible to purchase a ticket that allowed riders to 7 all the buses they wanted throughout an entire day. My mom 8 the system well and guided us to different destinations. For our 9 , we would go to Strand Beach, where we would watch ships sail past and hear helicopters fly overhead. Among our most 10 places was the mall in Carlsbad, where there was a large, glass clock tower. The 11 always attracted a small crowd throughout the day, mostly children. I was grateful to my mom for making that 12 period adventurous and fun. My mom did more than distract (使分心) Jess and me from our 13 . She fueled our 14 for keeping our eyes open and appreciating a world that was ours without having to 15 too much. 1．A．physically B．politically C．mentally D．financially 2．A．system B．place C．holiday D．business 3．A．pose for B．put aside C．back down D．give in to 4．A．experiment B．welfare C．situation D．accent 5．A．preserve B．restore C．associate D．explore 6．A．violent B．ambitious C．extensive D．precious 7．A．pretend B．board C．operate D．reserve 8．A．exclaimed B．obsessed C．studied D．polished 9．A．deals B．secrets C．adventures D．assumptions 10．A．frequented B．questioned C．dominated D．estimated 11．A．promotion B．spotlight C．performance D．sight 12．A．dangerous B．tough C．imaginary D．exciting 13．A．argument B．metaphor C．interaction D．poverty 14．A．sympathy B．enthusiasm C．responsibility D．dislike 15．A．pay B．threat C．share D．praise 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了小时候和妈妈一起乘坐公交车旅行的经历，在那个经济困难时期，妈妈通过带他们乘坐公交车探索世界，给作者和哥哥留下了美好的回忆，让那段艰难的时光变得充满冒险和乐趣。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：那时候，我们住在祖父母家，因为我们在经济上很困难，找不到一个负担得起的属于自己的地方。A. physically身体上；B. politically政治上；C. mentally精神上；D. financially经济上。根据后文“couldn’t find an affordable __2__ to call our own”可知，作者一家找不到能负担得起的住处，说明经济困难。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候，我们住在祖父母家，因为我们在经济上很困难，找不到一个负担得起的属于自己的地方。A. system系统；B. place地方；C. holiday假期；D. business生意。根据前文“we lived at our grandparents’ house”可知，作者一家住在祖父母家，是因为没有自己能负担得起的住处，即地方。故选B项。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：向挫折屈服是件很容易的事。A. pose for为……摆姿势；B. put aside把……放在一边；C. back down退缩；D. give in to屈服于。根据前文“we were __1_ struggling and couldn’t find an affordable __2__ to call our own”以及后文“But my mom used the ____4___ to give my brother Jess and me fond memories.”可知，作者一家生活困难，所以很容易屈服于挫折，但是作者的妈妈没有。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我妈妈利用这种情况给我和哥哥杰斯留下了美好的回忆。A. experiment实验；B. welfare福利；C. situation情况；D. accent口音。根据前文“Back then, we lived at our grandparents’ house”可知，作者一家生活困难，经济拮据，住在祖父母家，这是他们所处的“情况”，妈妈利用这种情况给他们留下美好回忆。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周，妈妈都会带我和杰斯去最近的公交车站，从那里我们继续去探索世界。A. preserve保护；B. restore修复；C. associate联合；D. explore探索。根据后文“My mom _8__ the system well and guided us to different destinations.”可知，妈妈带他们去不同的地方，所以是去探索世界。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一地区的公共交通系统覆盖范围很广。A. violent暴力的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. extensive广泛的，规模大的；D. precious珍贵的。根据后文“For a very low fee, it was possible to purchase a ticket that allowed riders to...all the buses they wanted throughout an entire day.”可知，只需很低的价格就可以购买一张全天可乘坐任何公交车的票，说明公共交通系统覆盖范围广。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要花很低的费用，就可以买到一张票，让乘客可以在一整天内乘坐他们想要乘坐的所有公共汽车。A. pretend假装；B. board登上（或火车、飞机、公共汽车等）；C. operate操作；D. reserve预订。根据“a ticket”和“all the buses they wanted throughout an entire day”可知，这里说的是购买车票后可以在一天内乘坐任何公交车，即上车。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈仔细研究过这个系统，并带我们去不同的目的地。A. exclaimed大声说；B.obsessed痴迷；C. studied研究；D. polished抛光，擦亮。根据后文“guided us to different destinations”可知，妈妈能带他们去不同目的地，说明她把这个公交系统研究得很透彻，带着作者兄弟两人去探索不同的地方。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了我们的冒险，我们会去斯特兰德海滩，在那里我们会看着船只驶过，听着直升机在头顶飞过。A. deals交易；B. secrets秘密；C. adventures冒险；D. assumptions假设。根据后文“making that ___12___ period adventurous and fun”可知，这里说的是为了他们的冒险之旅。故选C项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们最常去的景点之一是卡尔斯巴德的购物中心，那里有一座巨大的玻璃钟楼。A. frequented常去；B. questioned质疑；C. dominated统治，占主导地位；D. estimated估计。根据前文“ we would go to Strand Beach”可知，这里说的是他们常去的地方，frequented符合语境，故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个景点整天都吸引着一小群人，主要是孩子。A. promotion提升，促进；B. spotlight聚光灯；C. performance表演；D. sight景象，景点。根据前文“the mall in Carlsbad, where there was a large, glass clock tower”可知，这里说的是购物中心的大玻璃钟楼这个景点。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激妈妈让那段艰难的时光变得充满冒险和乐趣。A. dangerous危险的；B. tough艰难的；C. imaginary想象的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据前文“we were _1__ struggling and couldn't find an affordable __2_ to call our own”可知，作者一家生活困难，经济拮据，所以那是艰难的时光。故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈做的不仅仅是让我们从贫困中分心。A. argument争论；B. metaphor比喻；C. interaction互动；D. poverty贫穷。根据前文“we were ____1____ struggling and couldn't find an affordable ____2____ to call our own”可知，作者一家生活困难，经济拮据，生活贫困。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她激发了我们的热情，让我们睁大眼睛欣赏这个世界，而无需付出太多。A. sympathy同情；B. enthusiasm热情；C. responsibility责任；D. dislike厌恶之物。根据后文“for keeping our eyes open and appreciating a world”可知，妈妈激发了他们欣赏世界的热情。故选B项。 15．考查动词/名词词义辨析。句意：她激发了我们的热情，让我们睁大眼睛欣赏这个世界，而无需付出太多。A. pay支付；B. threat威胁；C. share分享；D. praise赞扬。根据前文“For a very low fee, it was possible to purchase a ticket that allowed riders to...all the buses they wanted throughout an entire day.”可知，乘坐公交车只需支付很低的费用，妈妈带领孩子欣赏一个属于自己、无需花费太多的世界，此处指不用支付太多钱。故选A项。 Passage 8 （24-25高二下·河南·期末）“Mom, thanks for making barbecued meatballs and rice,” said Betsy with misty eyes. She hugged me goodbye while her dad finished 1 the car with packed boxes. “I’m really going to 2 your cooking,” my daughter added. Betsy’s 3 about home-cooked meals gave me an idea. I decided to make special 4 for my three grown children, who were in various stages of 5 home for college and careers. For several days I copied family 6 from my cards with food marks, knowing they would bring back fond memories. When the 7 cards stood alphabetized (按字母顺序) in their boxes, I set them aside until I would be with my 8 again. When the time came, I 9 each one with the recipes. Smiles and cries of 10 filled the air as they ran through the cards. “I remember making this bread in my second-grade class,” remarked Steven. “This is the best macaroni and cheese ever!” recalled Lori. Over the years the boxes 11 to be popular resources in their kitchens, 12 of the food and love they were served during their childhoods. Now, with children of their own, they explained the stories behind the recipes, and 13 them to become young cooks. One day, a video arrived on my computer. I watched my eleven-year-old granddaughter, as she 14 how to make an omelet (蛋饼). When she finished, she held it up to the camera and said, “Bon appetite!” I think it’s time to give Amy her own 15 box filled with family recipes. 1．A．loading B．covering C．stopping D．repairing 2．A．enjoy B．share C．try D．miss 3．A．complaint B．request C．comment D．recommendation 4．A．trips B．reservations C．gifts D．promises 5．A．transforming B．renting C．leaving D．preparing 6．A．memories B．traditions C．secrets D．recipes 7．A．well-sold B．hand-written C．custom-made D．mass-produced 8．A．children B．neighbors C．colleagues D．agents 9．A．treated B．rewarded C．presented D．credited 10．A．hunger B．delight C．relief D．passion 11．A．happened B．appeared C．pretended D．continued 12．A．reminders B．examples C．thoughts D．forms 13．A．forced B．inspired C．trained D．convinced 14．A．taught B．discovered C．wondered D．demonstrated 15．A．fancy B．unique C．original D．antique 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位母亲因女儿Betsy离家时对家常菜的感慨，决定为三个已成年且正处于离开家去上大学或工作阶段的孩子制作一份特殊礼物 —— 装有家庭食谱的盒子，这份礼物不仅承载着回忆与爱，还在家庭中代代相传的故事。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她拥抱我道别，而她爸爸则忙着往车里装打包好的箱子。A. loading装载；B. covering覆盖；C. stopping停止；D. repairing修理。根据下文的“the car with packed boxes”可知，此处表示往车里“装载”打包好的箱子。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我真的会想念你做的饭菜的，”女儿补充道。A. enjoy享受；B. share分享；C. try尝试；D. miss想念。根据上文的““Mom, thanks for making barbecued meatballs and rice,” said Betsy with misty eyes.”可知，女儿眼睛湿润着感谢妈妈做的饭，所以此处表示女儿表达会“想念”妈妈做的饭菜。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Betsy对家常菜的评论给了我一个主意。A. complaint抱怨；B. request请求；C. comment评论；D. recommendation推荐。根据上文的““I’m really going to ___2___ your cooking,” my daughter added.”可知，这是女儿对妈妈做的饭的评价，所以此处指的是贝琪对家常菜的“评论”给了作者一个主意。故选C项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定为我三个已长大成人的孩子制作一份特别的礼物，他们正处于离开家去上大学和工作的不同阶段。A. trips旅行；B. reservations预订；C. gifts礼物；D. promises承诺。根据下文的“When the time came, I ___9___ each one with the recipes.”可知，当时机到来时，作者把食谱做成盒子送给了孩子们，由此可推知，作者决定为孩子们制作的是一份特别的“礼物”。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. transforming转换；B. renting租用；C. leaving离开；D. preparing准备。根据下文的“home for college and careers.”以及“When the time came”可知，此处指的是孩子们处于即将“离开”家去上大学和工作的不同阶段。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一连几天，我从带有食物标记的卡片上抄下家庭食谱，知道这些食谱会唤起美好的回忆。A. memories记忆；B. traditions传统；C. secrets秘密；D. recipes食谱。根据下文的“When the ___7___ cards stood alphabetized (按字母顺序) in their boxes, I set them aside until I would be with my ___8___ again.”可知，作者把食谱卡片按字母顺序放在盒子里，由此可推知，此处指的是从卡片上抄下家庭“食谱”。故选D项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当手写的卡片按字母顺序整齐地放在盒子里时，我把它们放在一边，直到我能再次和孩子们在一起。A. well-sold畅销的；B. hand-written手写的；C. custom-made定制的；D. mass-produced大量生产的。根据上文的“For several days I copied family ___6___ from my cards with food marks”可知，作者抄写的是家庭食谱，所以此处指的是“手写的”卡片。故选B项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. children孩子；B. neighbors邻居；C. colleagues同事；D. agents代理人。根据上文的“I decided to make special ___4___ for my three grown children”可知，作者是为三个已长大成人的孩子制作特别的礼物，所以此处指的是再次和“孩子们”在一起。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：时机到了，我把食谱送给了他们每一个人。A. treated对待；B. rewarded奖励；C. presented赠送；D. credited相信。根据上文的“ I decided to make special 4 for my three grown children”可知，母亲制作礼物是为了送给孩子们，所以此处表示当作者再次和孩子们在一起时，作者把食谱“送给”孩子们。故选C项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们翻阅卡片时，空气中充满了微笑和喜悦的叫声。A. hunger饥饿；B. delight喜悦；C. relief宽慰；D. passion激情。根据下文的“Smiles and cries”以及““I remember making this bread in my second-grade class,” remarked Steven. “This is the best macaroni and cheese ever!” recalled Lori.”可知，孩子们看到卡片后，面带微笑，高兴地喊叫，所以空气中充满的应该是孩子们“喜悦的”叫喊声。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，这些盒子在他们的厨房里一直是受欢迎的资源，让他们想起童年时吃到的食物和感受到的爱。A. happened发生；B. appeared出现；C. pretended假装；D. continued继续。根据上文的“Over the years”以及下文的“to be popular resources in their kitchens”可知，这些盒子多年来在他们的厨房里一直发挥着作用，所以此处指的是多年来“继续”是受欢迎的资源。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reminders提醒物；B. examples例子；C. thoughts想法；D. forms形式。根据下文的“of the food and love they were served during their childhoods.”可知，这些食谱卡片让他们想起童年时吃到的食物和感受到的爱，所以是一种“提醒物”。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，他们有了自己的孩子，他们解释食谱背后的故事，并激励他们成为年轻的厨师。A. forced强迫；B. inspired激励；C. trained训练；D. convinced使信服。根据下文的“them to become young cooks.”以及“One day, a video arrived on my computer. I watched my eleven-year-old granddaughter, as she ___14___ how to make an omelet (蛋饼).”可知，作者的孙女在展示如何做蛋饼，由此可推知，此处指的是“激励”孩子们成为年轻的厨师。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着我11岁的孙女展示如何做蛋饼。A. taught教；B. discovered发现；C. wondered想知道；D. demonstrated展示，演示。根据下文的“When she finished, she held it up to the camera and said, “Bon appetite!””可知，孙女做完蛋饼后，把它举到镜头前，所以此处指的是孙女“展示”如何做蛋饼。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想是时候给Amy一个她自己的装满家庭食谱的独特盒子了。A. fancy花哨的；B. unique独特的；C. original原始的；D. antique古老的。根据上文的“I decided to make special ___4___ for my three grown children”以及“I think it’s time to give Amy her own”可知，作者为三个孩子制作了装有家庭食谱的特殊盒子作为特别的礼物，现在想给孙女Amy也制作一个专属她的特别的盒子，所以这是个“独特的”盒子。故选B项。 Passage 9 （2025高三·全国·专题练习）A frail old man went to live with his son, daughter-in-law, and four-year-old grandson. 1 old man’s hands trembled, his eyesight was blurred, and his step faltered. The family ate together at the table. But the elderly grandfather’s shaky hands and 2 (fail) sight made eating difficult. Peas rolled off his spoon onto the floor. When he grasped the glass, milk spilled on the tablecloth. The son and daughter-in-law became angry with the mess. “I’ve had enough of his 3 (spill) milk, noisy eating, and food on the floor,” said the son. So the husband and wife set a small table in the corner. There, Grandfather ate alone 4 the rest of the family enjoyed dinner. Since Grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food 5 (serve) in a wooden bowl. When the family glanced 6 Grandfather’s direction, sometimes he had a tear in his eye. Still, the only words the couple had for him were sharp admonitions when he dropped a fork or spilled food. The four-year-old grandson watched it all in silence. One evening before supper, the father noticed his son 7 (play) with wood scraps on the floor. He asked the child 8 (sweet), “What are you making?” The boy responded, “Oh, I am making a little bowl for you and Mama to eat your food when I grow up.” The words struck the parents so hard that they were speechless. Then tears started to stream down their cheeks. Though no word was spoken, both knew what must be done. That evening the husband took his 9 (grandfather) hand and gently led him back to the family table. For the remainder of his days, he ate every meal with the family. And for some reason, neither husband nor wife seemed 10 (care) any longer when a fork was dropped, milk spilled, or the tablecloth soiled. 【答案】 1．The 2．failing 3．spilled/spilt 4．while 5．was served 6．in 7．playing 8．sweetly 9．grandfather’s 10．to care 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述一对夫妻从自己的儿子身上受到启发，转变了对自己年迈的父亲厌恶又嫌弃的态度。 1．考查定冠词。句意：老人双手颤抖，目光模糊，步履蹒跚。前文提到了old man，此处再次提到，用the表示特指，位于句首，首字母大写，故填The。 2．考查形容词。句意：但年迈的祖父颤抖的双手和视力的下降使得吃饭变得困难。此处填形容词修饰sight，意为“不断减退的”，故填failing。 3．考查过去分词。句意：儿子说：“我受够了他打翻的牛奶、吃东西时的吵闹声和食物扔在地上。”由上文“milk spilled on the tablecloth”可知，此处意为“洒掉的牛奶”，空格处意为“洒掉的”，用过去分词spilled/spilt表被动，作定语。故填spilled/spilt。 4．考查连词。句意：在那里，爷爷一个人吃饭，而家里其他人都在享用晚餐。根据语境可知，前后是对比关系，空格处意为“而”，用while表并列，故填while。 5．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：由于爷爷打碎了一两个盘子，他的食物就放在一个木碗里。此处用一般过去时表示过去的事情。food与serve之间是被动关系，因此此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语food是不可数名词，因此空格处是was served。故填was served。 6．考查介词。句意：当全家人朝祖父的方向看时，有时他眼里含着泪水。in sb’s direction意为“朝某人的方向”。故填in。 7．考查现在分词。句意：一天晚饭前，父亲注意到儿子在地板上玩木屑。notice sb. doing sth.意为“留意到某人正在做某事”，因此空格处用现在分词表主动和进行的含义，作宾语补足语。故填playing。 8．考查副词。句意：他亲切地问孩子：“你在做什么？”空格处用副词sweetly修饰动词asked，故填sweetly。 9．考查物主代词。句意：那天晚上，丈夫拉着祖父的手，轻轻地把他带回到家里的餐桌旁。此处表示“爷爷的手”，用名词所有格grandfather’s作定语。故填grandfather’s。 10．考查不定式。句意：不知什么原因，当叉子掉在地上，牛奶洒了，桌布弄脏了，丈夫和妻子似乎都不再在意了。此处为固定短语seem to do sth.，意为“似乎做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to care。故填to care。 Passage 10 （2025·广西贵港·高一期末）Growing up, my older brother, a science enthusiast, shared fascinating facts with me, like how our cells are completely new every seven years. This idea highlighted the concept of constant change in our selves, 1 (mean) I’m a physically different person from the one I was years ago. Today, I often wonder: Am I a story that’s constantly 2 (write)? People have debated this for a long time, with ancient Greeks arguing 3 a thing’s true essence lies in its unchanging nature or its ongoing development. Plato believed that natural science focuses on the changing physical world, 4 philosophy, using intelligence and reason, explored the change less eternal (永恒). For instance, veterinary science studies growing dogs, but philosophers question the idea of “Dog” itself. Aristotle 5 (agree) that science explains what we see but argued that the material universe is in constant change. He believed change is part of the true nature of things and your virtue is about who you’re turning into, not a 6 (fix) identity. As such, becoming was his focus, rather than some perfect invisible being. So, which is your view, and how does that guide the way you live? None of this is 7 (say) the choice between Platonism and Aristotelianism is absolute. We all have some unchanging characteristics, and we also change in many ways. The philosophical perspective you adopt will depend on how you principally define 8 (you) and what you choose to pay attention to as you move through the world. Are you more like a Platonist or an Aristotelian? It depends on whether you see yourself as having a fixed identity or a changing story. Today’s culture often pushes you to be a Platonist, defining yourself 9 a certain type of person. This can make you a repeat customer and give you a sense of belonging. But it might also keep you in situations you don’t like. Being more like 10 Aristotelian can set you free. 【答案】 1．meaning 2．being written 3．whether 4．while 5．agreed 6．fixed 7．to say 8．yourself 9．as 10．an 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者受兄长影响思考自身变化，引出人们对于自身是不断书写的故事还是具有不变本质的讨论，介绍了柏拉图和亚里士多德的观点，最后指出选择哪种哲学视角取决于个人定义及关注点 。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一想法强调了我们自身不断变化的概念，意味着我在身体上和几年前的自己是不同的人。分析句子结构可知，“(mean) I’m a physically different person from the one I was years ago”在句中作伴随状语，mean(意味着)是非谓语动词，与前面整个句子存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填meaning。 2．考查动词语态。句意：如今，我常常想：我是一个正在不断被书写的故事吗？write(书写)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词story)之间是被动关系，结合句意，表示“正在被书写”，应用现在进行时的被动语态is being written。故填being written。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：人们对此争论了很长时间，古希腊人争论一件事物的真正本质在于其不变的性质还是在于其不断的发展。“____3____ a thing’s true essence lies in its unchanging nature or its ongoing development”作宾语从句，结合句意和“or”可知，这里表示选择关系，应用whether...or...引导宾语从句。故填whether。 4．考查连词。句意：柏拉图认为自然科学关注不断变化的物质世界，而哲学运用智慧和理性探索不变的永恒。前后句表示对比关系，应用连词while。故填while。 5．考查动词时态。句意：亚里士多德同意科学解释我们所看到的，但他认为物质世界处于不断变化之中。agree(同意)是主句谓语动词，与主语Aristotle之间是主动关系，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填agreed。 6．考查形容词。句意：他认为变化是事物本质的一部分，你的美德在于你正在变成什么样的人，而不是一个固定的身份。此处修饰名词identity，应用形容词fixed“固定的”，作定语。故填fixed。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这并不是说在柏拉图主义和亚里士多德主义之间的选择是绝对的。“none of this is to say...”是固定句型，意为“这并不是说……”。故填to say。 8．考查反身代词。句意：你所采用的哲学观点将取决于你如何主要定义你自己，以及你在这个世界中前行时选择关注什么。代词you作宾语，与主语you一致，施动者与受动者是同一人，应用反身代词yourself，作宾语。故填yourself。 9．考查介词。句意：当今文化常常促使你成为一个柏拉图主义者，把自己定义为某种类型的人。固定搭配define...as...“把……定义为……”。故填as。 10．考查冠词。句意：更像一个亚里士多德主义者可以让你自由。此处泛指“一个亚里士多德主义者”，且Aristotelian是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$