Unit 4 Body Language 动名词作宾语和表语（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 4 Body Language 核心语法精练（动名词作宾语和表语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空 4 二、完成句子 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 6 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 7 动名词作宾语 当动名词（V-ing形式）位于及物动词或介词之后，充当动作的对象时，它就是宾语。 一、 只能接动名词 (V-ing) 作宾语的动词 (重点记忆)： 这些动词通常表示已经发生、正在进行、习惯性或抽象概念的动作。常见的有： admit (承认) appreciate (感激；欣赏) avoid (避免) consider (考虑；认为) delay (推迟) deny (否认) discuss (讨论) dislike (不喜欢) enjoy (享受；喜欢) escape (逃避) excuse (原谅) fancy (想象；喜欢) finish (完成) forbid (禁止) [注意：常用 forbid sb. to do sth., 但直接说 forbid doing sth.] imagine (想象) involve (涉及；需要) keep (on) (继续) mention (提及) miss (错过；想念) permit (允许) [注意：常用 permit sb. to do sth., 但直接说 permit doing sth.] postpone (推迟) practise / practice (练习) prevent (阻止) [常用 prevent sb. (from) doing sth.] prohibit (禁止) put off (推迟) quit (停止；放弃) recommend (推荐；建议) report (报告) resent (怨恨) resist (抵抗) risk (冒险) suggest (建议) tolerate (容忍) 二、 可接动名词 (V-ing) 也可接不定式 (to do) 作宾语的动词 (注意区别)： 1. 意义基本相同： begin / start (开始) continue (继续) intend (打算) prefer (更喜欢) [常用 prefer doing A to doing B 或 prefer to do A rather than do B] like (喜欢) / love (爱) / hate (讨厌) [表示一般倾向时，两者常可互换；但表示具体某次动作，尤其有 would 时，多用不定式] 2. 意义明显不同： forget (忘记) forget doing sth.：忘记做过某事（事情已发生）。 forget to do sth.：忘记要去做某事（事情未发生）。 remember (记得) remember doing sth.：记得做过某事（事情已发生）。 remember to do sth.：记得要去做某事（事情未发生）。 regret (后悔；遗憾) regret doing sth.：后悔做了某事（对过去已做的事）。 regret to do sth.：遗憾地要去做某事（常与 say, tell, inform 等连用，表示对即将说的话/做的事感到遗憾）。 stop (停止) stop doing sth.：停止正在做的事情。 stop to do sth.：停下来（正在做的事）去做另一件事。 try (尝试；设法) try doing sth.：尝试做某事（试验、看看效果如何）。 try to do sth.：努力/设法去做某事（强调付出努力）。 mean (意味着；打算) mean doing sth.：意味着...（主语通常是事物）。 mean to do sth.：打算/意图做...（主语通常是人）。 三、 介词后的宾语必须是动名词 (V-ing)： 这是英语语法中的绝对规则。介词（如 about, at, in, on, of, for, with, without, by, after, before, against, instead of, apart from, as well as, be interested in, be good at, be afraid of, be fond of, be tired of, be responsible for, look forward to, object to, devote...to, pay attention to, get used to, lead to, contribute to 等）后面如果跟动词，这个动词必须变成动名词形式 (V-ing)。 动名词作表语 动词-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词, 两者都可作表语, 但有所区别。 1. 动名词作表语与主语通常是对等的关系, 表示主语的内容, 主语、表语可互换位置。 *What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (=Her staying too late every night is what worries me most. ) 最使我担心的是她每天熬夜到很晚。 *My favourite sport is swimming. (=Swimming is my favourite sport. ) 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 2. 现在分词作表语, 表明的是主语的性质和特征, 主语和表语的位置不可互换。 *The news is quite shocking. 这消息很令人震惊。 注： 动名词与动词不定式(短语)作表语的区别：动名词(短语)作表语表示抽象的一般性的动作; 动词不定式(短语)作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 *His hobby is painting. 他的爱好是画画。(一般性的动作) *Today what he wants to do is to paint. 今天他想要做的事是画画。(具体的动作) 一、单句语法填空 1．As a matter of fact, he is opposed to (treat) like a child. 2．Over the past year, the local government was devoted to (prevent) the virus from spreading. 3．I knew nothing about (organise) any big event. 4．They anticipated (move) to bigger areas for they their new factory by the end of the year. 5．We began preparing the food, from (mix) salad dressing to separating frozen meat. 6．Start by (estimate) your financial balance. 7．He denied (know) anything about their plans. 8．They may trick people into (give) personal information over the telephone. 9．Many residents opposed the government (build) a chemical factory near the school. 10．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and (seize) opportunities can one succeed. 11．He documented his journey as he set about (treat) nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. 12．A cool summer had delayed (hatch). 13．Our city will prohibit (bicycle) on sidewalks, but make exceptions for children under a certain age. 14．Ann is looking forward to (compete) for the lovely prize in the contest. 15．From seeing the wildlife to (witness) sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. 16．She is keen on (learn) how to play the piano, so she practices every day. 17．Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without (upset) the boy or his parents. 18．The problem discussed just now is worth (pay) attention to. 19．He made an attempt at (pass) the exam, but he failed in the end. 20．World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at (raise) awareness of ocean conservation. 21．My English teacher recommended (buy) an English - Chinese dictionary. 22．Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for (adopt) this philosophy: the digital declutter. 23．They abandoned (carry) out the plan for lack of money. 24．My first job was (work) at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.   25．We all rely on it that respecting others is (respect) ourselves. 26．Our job is (play) all kinds of music. 27．What I am tired of is (wait) here alone. 28．My main job is (collect) information about our customers. 29．I know that her hobby is (make) short cooking videos. 30．The most popular pastime is   (play) chess． 二、完成句子 31．一听到环保组织要组织海滩清洁，她马上召集朋友加入了活动。 that the environmental group was organizing a beach cleanup, she gathered her friends and joined the activity. 32．I my first English paper. 我花费了数日准备和撰写我的第一篇英语论文。 33．把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。 in the future. 34．I just and looking out for Smartie. 我整天都只是看着船只在街上来来往往，并寻找斯玛蒂。 35．6月8日为世界海洋日，旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。 World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at ocean conservation. 36．杰克听到这个不幸的消息后非常沮丧，双臂交叉。 Jack got very upset and . 37．The best time is while you are still at school, before you make any choices about your further education. 开始考虑自己可能从事的职业的最佳时间，是你还在学校的时候，在你对自己的继续深造作出任何选择之前。 38．我们的政府花费了大量的钱来制止污染。 Our government spent pollution. 39．To make progress in your English, you'd better spend . 为了在英语上取得进步，你最好每天花至少30分钟阅读。 40．你不仅纠正了我的错误，而且还教了我学英语的诀窍。 Not only did you correct my mistakes, but you also 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高二上·重庆长寿·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Words and sentences are important in communication, but we communicate not only in spoken and 1 (write) words, but also in body language. We often see unconscious body language, which 2 (vary) from culture to culture. When introduced to 3 (strange), we use “learned” body language. Like other animals, we are on our guard until we know it is safe 4 (relax). So every culture has developed a formal way of 5 (greet) others, which helps show we are not aggressive (好斗的). 6 (traditional), Europeans and Americans shake each other 7 the hand, meaning they trust each other. Greetings are different around the world. In China, people put the right hand over the left and bow slightly in ancient times. Today, people still use their hands in formal greetings, 8 also means trust. American youths often greet each other with 9 expression, “Give me five!” Body language can convey (传递) more information than words, 10 people easily give themselves away by their gestures. （24-25高二上·贵州毕节·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Body language is used by people for sending messages to one another, 1 can help you make yourself easily 2 (understand). When you are talking with others, you have a 3 (tend)to use gestures. For example, waving one’s hand 4 (be) to say “Goodbye”. Nodding the head means agreement, but shaking the head means disagreement. 5 (apparent) different countries use different body language. For example, a kiss is used by men in Russia, France and Arab countries when they meet, but men in China or Australia shake hands instead of kissing. If you touch an English person, you should say “Sorry”. People in Arab countries like standing close to one another when they are talking, but English people must keep 6 distance away when they are talking. In some Asian countries, you must not touch the head of another person. When you use a foreign language, it is very important 7 (know) the meanings of body language in the foreign country. 8 (follow) the customs will help you communicate 9 people and make your stay there much more pleasant and 10 (comfort). 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高二下·浙江温州·期中）Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired, in part, by Charles Darwin’s study “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872).” But it had received little attention for around a century, according to nonverbal communication expert David Matsumoto. Then modern researchers examined how the brain reacts to facial expressions, and how babies copy facial and hand gestures. And scientists have also realized the complexity of body language. Much research has suggested that body language is often hard to interpret, or understand. But for years some advisers and experts have been using their knowledge in many practical areas. “I help people influence and persuade others around how trustworthy and credible (可信的) their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication,” said Mark Bowden. He is the author of “Winning Body Language”, a guide for readers including business people and famous people. He focuses on where a person faces their body and how much space they take up, as well as their gestures. Some experts also say they can use those signals to interpret hidden emotions. Joe Navarro is the author of “What Every Body Is Saying.” It is a book about reading a person’s mind from their nonverbal behavior. It’s easy to spot a speaker’s lip movements when he faces a question he doesn’t like, Joe said. While the work of these experts attracts large audiences, many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable. “Our facial expressions show certain types of emotional states,” Matsumoto said. So do some body movements. But “people do all kinds of things with their bodies,” he said. Your raised eyebrow could express doubt — but it might also signal discomfort or surprise. The same hand gesture could mean different things in different cultures, he said. 1．What role did Charles Darwin’s study play according to paragraph 1? A．It unlocked the secret of the human mind. B．It promoted the development of human language. C．It encouraged people to care more about animals. D．It helped start modern research on body language. 2．What can we infer about Mark Bowden? A．He gives advice on business language. B．He teaches people about body language. C．He focuses mainly on facial expressions. D．He pays more attention to spoken language. 3．According to the passage, Joe Navarro’s book helps readers to ______. A．improve their public speaking skills B．understand cultural differences in gestures. C．detect hidden emotions through body language. D．increase their charm in communication. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Body language is more reliable than spoken language. B．Modern research has fully understood body language. C．Scientists are cautious about the reliability of body language interpretation. D．Experts have successfully applied body language in practical areas. （24-25高二下·安徽蚌埠·阶段练习）Body language can be a very powerful tool, no matter the size of the audience. Whether it is two people or two hundred people, body language can directly influence how audience members see a speaker or respond to what is being said. Body language has the power to influence the audience’s feelings and even change minds. Therefore, it is always important to be mindful of the “saying” when engaging with different audiences. Within interpersonal exchanges, body language can contain many different emotions or signals. By ensuring that a person’s body language is “consistent” with their emotional state, someone can create a safe environment for conversation to happen. If one’s body language is inconsistent with their emotional state, this might leave an audience feeling uncomfortable, put off, or on edge. They won’t know what to expect from that person. For example, a person might want to make a listener feel “comfortable” and “laid back” during a conversation. If this is the goal, they will avoid having “closed-off” or “unfriendly” body language, such as avoiding eye contact or crossing their arms. To make somebody feel more comfortable within a conversation, someone should focus on being “open” with their posture (姿势). They should relax their face and make sure to hold the listener’s attention and face the listener in an “open” position (e.g. with arms at their sides and slightly leaning (倾斜) towards the listener). More importantly, body language can influence whether or not an audience feels confident or trusting of a speaker’s expertise. If a speaker’s body language comes across as being “nervous” or “hesitant”, then an audience might not take what they are saying seriously or be less likely to believe them or find them credible. In summary, body language plays a key role in speaking. Effective use of body language can also enhance the speaker’s message and engage the audience. On the contrary, poor body language can detract from (影响) the speaker’s message and create a passive impression. Therefore, it is essential for speakers to pay attention to their body language and use it to their advantage when delivering a speech. 1．What does the underlined words “the ‘saying’” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Making a speech. B．A response. C．Body language. D．An inner voice. 2．What should persons do to create a sense of safety for a conversation? A．Have lower expectations of their audience. B．Keep their body language true to their feelings. C．Remain emotionally consistent with the audience. D．Avoid exposing their inner emotions to the audience. 3．What might the act of crossing one’s arms lead to according to the text? A．Relaxation. B．Optimism. C．Tension. D．Doubt. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To offer suggestions on delivering a speech. B．To show the benefits of using body language. C．To point out improper types of body language. D．To remind us to be careful with body language. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Body Language 核心语法精练（动名词作宾语和表语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空 3 二、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 10 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 动名词作宾语 当动名词（V-ing形式）位于及物动词或介词之后，充当动作的对象时，它就是宾语。 一、 只能接动名词 (V-ing) 作宾语的动词 (重点记忆)： 这些动词通常表示已经发生、正在进行、习惯性或抽象概念的动作。常见的有： admit (承认) appreciate (感激；欣赏) avoid (避免) consider (考虑；认为) delay (推迟) deny (否认) discuss (讨论) dislike (不喜欢) enjoy (享受；喜欢) escape (逃避) excuse (原谅) fancy (想象；喜欢) finish (完成) forbid (禁止) [注意：常用 forbid sb. to do sth., 但直接说 forbid doing sth.] imagine (想象) involve (涉及；需要) keep (on) (继续) mention (提及) miss (错过；想念) permit (允许) [注意：常用 permit sb. to do sth., 但直接说 permit doing sth.] postpone (推迟) practise / practice (练习) prevent (阻止) [常用 prevent sb. (from) doing sth.] prohibit (禁止) put off (推迟) quit (停止；放弃) recommend (推荐；建议) report (报告) resent (怨恨) resist (抵抗) risk (冒险) suggest (建议) tolerate (容忍) 二、 可接动名词 (V-ing) 也可接不定式 (to do) 作宾语的动词 (注意区别)： 1. 意义基本相同： begin / start (开始) continue (继续) intend (打算) prefer (更喜欢) [常用 prefer doing A to doing B 或 prefer to do A rather than do B] like (喜欢) / love (爱) / hate (讨厌) [表示一般倾向时，两者常可互换；但表示具体某次动作，尤其有 would 时，多用不定式] 2. 意义明显不同： forget (忘记) forget doing sth.：忘记做过某事（事情已发生）。 forget to do sth.：忘记要去做某事（事情未发生）。 remember (记得) remember doing sth.：记得做过某事（事情已发生）。 remember to do sth.：记得要去做某事（事情未发生）。 regret (后悔；遗憾) regret doing sth.：后悔做了某事（对过去已做的事）。 regret to do sth.：遗憾地要去做某事（常与 say, tell, inform 等连用，表示对即将说的话/做的事感到遗憾）。 stop (停止) stop doing sth.：停止正在做的事情。 stop to do sth.：停下来（正在做的事）去做另一件事。 try (尝试；设法) try doing sth.：尝试做某事（试验、看看效果如何）。 try to do sth.：努力/设法去做某事（强调付出努力）。 mean (意味着；打算) mean doing sth.：意味着...（主语通常是事物）。 mean to do sth.：打算/意图做...（主语通常是人）。 三、 介词后的宾语必须是动名词 (V-ing)： 这是英语语法中的绝对规则。介词（如 about, at, in, on, of, for, with, without, by, after, before, against, instead of, apart from, as well as, be interested in, be good at, be afraid of, be fond of, be tired of, be responsible for, look forward to, object to, devote...to, pay attention to, get used to, lead to, contribute to 等）后面如果跟动词，这个动词必须变成动名词形式 (V-ing)。 动名词作表语 动词-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词, 两者都可作表语, 但有所区别。 1. 动名词作表语与主语通常是对等的关系, 表示主语的内容, 主语、表语可互换位置。 *What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (=Her staying too late every night is what worries me most. ) 最使我担心的是她每天熬夜到很晚。 *My favourite sport is swimming. (=Swimming is my favourite sport. ) 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 2. 现在分词作表语, 表明的是主语的性质和特征, 主语和表语的位置不可互换。 *The news is quite shocking. 这消息很令人震惊。 注： 动名词与动词不定式(短语)作表语的区别：动名词(短语)作表语表示抽象的一般性的动作; 动词不定式(短语)作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 *His hobby is painting. 他的爱好是画画。(一般性的动作) *Today what he wants to do is to paint. 今天他想要做的事是画画。(具体的动作) 一、单句语法填空 1．As a matter of fact, he is opposed to (treat) like a child. 【答案】being treated 【详解】考查动名词被动语态。句意：事实上，他反对被当作孩子对待。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，be opposed to意为“反对”，其中to为介词，所以此处使用动名词形式，且treat与逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式。故填being treated 2．Over the past year, the local government was devoted to (prevent) the virus from spreading. 【答案】preventing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的一年里，当地政府致力于防止病毒传播。devote to中的 to是介词，非不定式符号，故其后需用动名词作宾语。故填preventing。 3．I knew nothing about (organise) any big event. 【答案】organising 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我对组织任何大型活动一无所知。分析句子可知，介词about后应用动名词形式作宾语。故填organising。 4．They anticipated (move) to bigger areas for they their new factory by the end of the year. 【答案】moving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们预期到年底，他们的新工厂将搬到更大的地区。anticipate doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“预期做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填moving。 5．We began preparing the food, from (mix) salad dressing to separating frozen meat. 【答案】mixing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们开始准备食物，从混合沙拉酱到分离冷冻肉。分析句式结构可知，句子的主语We，表示“我们”正在准备食物。动词mix在这里用于描述“salad dressing(沙拉酱)”的制作过程。由于mix在这个句子中是一个动词，并且用于描述一个持续的动作，我们需要使用其动名词形式mixing作介词from的宾语。故填mixing。 6．Start by (estimate) your financial balance. 【答案】estimating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：从估算你的财务余额开始。设空处为介词by的宾语，应用动名词，故填estimating。 7．He denied (know) anything about their plans. 【答案】knowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他否认对他们的计划一无所知。此处需要使用非谓语动词的动名词形式作denied的宾语，主语he与know是主动关系，因此需要使用动名词的主动形式。故填knowing。 8．They may trick people into (give) personal information over the telephone. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】giving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们可能会欺骗人们通过电话提供个人信息。trick sb into doing sth是固定搭配，意为“欺骗某人做某事”，因此需要填入give的动名词形式作宾语。故填giving。 9．Many residents opposed the government (build) a chemical factory near the school. 【答案】building 【详解】考查动名词。句意：许多居民反对政府在学校附近建化工厂。oppose doing sth反对做某事，动名词作宾语。故填building。 10．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and (seize) opportunities can one succeed. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】seizing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在我看来，只有勇敢地面对困难，抓住机遇，才能取得成功。介词by后需接动名词形式作宾语，构成by doing (通过做)结构，表示方式或手段。seize用动名词形式，句子中facing和seizing由and并列连接，两者形式需一致。故填seizing。 11．He documented his journey as he set about (treat) nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. 【答案】treating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当他着手把自然当作一个品牌向年轻人推广时，他记录下了自己的旅程。set about后面需要接动名词形式，set about doing sth.是一个固定短语，表示“开始做某事”。故填treating。 12．A cool summer had delayed (hatch). 【答案】hatching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：凉爽的夏季导致孵化延迟。动词delay后面应该用名词或动名词作宾语。故填hatching。 13．Our city will prohibit (bicycle) on sidewalks, but make exceptions for children under a certain age. 【答案】bicycling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的城市将禁止在人行道上骑自行车，但对一定年龄以下的儿童例外。提示词bicycle在本句中为动词，意为“骑自行车”，根据prohibit doing sth.“禁止做某事”可知，此处应用其动名词形式，作宾语。故填bicycling。 14．Ann is looking forward to (compete) for the lovely prize in the contest. 【答案】competing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：安期待着在比赛中争夺可爱的奖品。look forward to doing sth.期望做某事。根据句意，故填competing。 15．From seeing the wildlife to (witness) sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. 【答案】witnessing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：从观看野生动物到目睹日出，整个体验令人惊叹。此处为非谓语动词作介词to的宾语，所以此处使用动名词witnessing，意为“目睹”符合句意。故填witnessing。 16．She is keen on (learn) how to play the piano, so she practices every day. 【答案】learning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她热衷于学习弹钢琴，所以她每天都练习。空前on是介词，空处动词需用动名词形式learning作宾语。故填learning。 17．Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without (upset) the boy or his parents. 【答案】upsetting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏了英国发明的“静音机”，你可以在不打扰男孩或他父母的情况下消除声音。根据句意和空格前的介词without可知，空格处应该用动名词upsetting作宾语。故填upsetting。 18．The problem discussed just now is worth (pay) attention to. 【答案】paying 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：刚才讨论的问题值得注意。分析句子可知，这里考查be worth doing，是一个固定结构，意为“值得做某事”，其中doing是动名词形式，主动形式表示被动意义。故填paying。 19．He made an attempt at (pass) the exam, but he failed in the end. 【答案】passing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他尝试通过考试，但最终失败了。根据句意和空格前的介词at可知，空格处应该用动名词passing作宾语。故填passing。 20．World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at (raise) awareness of ocean conservation. 【答案】raising 【详解】考查动名词。句意：世界海洋日定于6月8日，旨在提高对海洋保护的意识。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，位于介词at后，所以此处使用动名词的形式。故填raising。 21．My English teacher recommended (buy) an English - Chinese dictionary. 【答案】buying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的英语老师建议买一本英汉词典。“recommend doing sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议做某事”，用动名词buying作宾语。故填buying。 22．Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for (adopt) this philosophy: the digital declutter. 【答案】adopting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：第一部分最后介绍了我建议的采用这一理念的方法：数字清理。介词for后接动名词adopting作宾语。故填adopting。 23．They abandoned (carry) out the plan for lack of money. 【答案】carrying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于缺乏资金，他们放弃了实施计划。动词abandon后用名词或动名词作宾语，abandon doing sth.表示“放弃做某事”。故填carrying。 24．My first job was (work) at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.   【答案】working 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的第一份工作是16岁时在尤凯亚图书馆工作。此处表示一般的、泛指的行为，用动名词作表语。故填working。 25．We all rely on it that respecting others is (respect) ourselves. 【答案】respecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都相信，尊重别人就是尊重自己。此处对主语内容的进一步说明和解释，用动名词作表语。故填respecting。 26．Our job is (play) all kinds of music. 【答案】playing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的工作就是玩各种各样的音乐。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里用动名词作表语，多指抽象的、经常性的动作。表语说明主语的内容，也就是说主语等于表语，两者可以互换位置。故填playing。 27．What I am tired of is (wait) here alone. 【答案】waiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我厌倦的是一个人在这里等待。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处应用动名词waiting，作表语，表示“等待”。故填waiting。 28．My main job is (collect) information about our customers. 【答案】collecting/to collect 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的主要工作是收集客户的信息。分析可知，此处可用动名词或动词不定式作表语。故填collecting/to collect。 29．I know that her hobby is (make) short cooking videos. 【答案】making 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我知道她的爱好是制作烹饪短视频。设空处作表语解释说明主语内容，故用动名词making。故填making。 30．The most popular pastime is   (play) chess． 【答案】playing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最受欢迎的消活动是下棋。空处作表语，应使用动名词形式，故填playing。 二、完成句子 31．一听到环保组织要组织海滩清洁，她马上召集朋友加入了活动。 that the environmental group was organizing a beach cleanup, she gathered her friends and joined the activity. 【答案】 Upon/On hearing 【详解】考查时间状语从句的省略。中英文对比可知缺少“一听到”，表示“一……就……”，应用“upon/on doing sth.”结构，其中upon/on是介词，意为“一……就……”，hearing为hear的动名词形式，表示“听到”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填①Upon/On ②hearing。 32．I my first English paper. 我花费了数日准备和撰写我的第一篇英语论文。 【答案】spent days preparing and writing 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“花费时间做某事”短语为spend time doing sth.；表示“数日”用复数名词days；表示“准备和撰写”应用动名词preparing and writing。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填spent days preparing and writing。 33．把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。 in the future. 【答案】Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“把小事做好”用动名词短语doing small things well，作主语；表示“有助于……”短语为contribute to doing sth.；表示“增强我们的自信心”为动名词短语building up our confidence；表示“帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战”用动名词短语helping us meet bigger challenges，作宾语。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故填Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges。 34．I just and looking out for Smartie. 我整天都只是看着船只在街上来来往往，并寻找斯玛蒂。 【答案】spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street 【详解】考查动词短语和名词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“整天看着船只在街上来来往往”，描述的应该是过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时，“整天做某事”可理解为“花整天的时间做某事”，用动词短语spend the days doing，“看着某人/某事做某事”可用watch sb./sth. doing，因此“看着船只在街上来来往往”可用动词短语watch the boats going up and down the street。故填spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street。 35．6月8日为世界海洋日，旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。 World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at ocean conservation. 【答案】raising people’s awareness of 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。表示“提高意识”应用raise one’s awareness of，位于介词at后面，使用动名词形式，表示“人们的”应用people’s。故填raising people’s awareness of。 36．杰克听到这个不幸的消息后非常沮丧，双臂交叉。 Jack got very upset and . 【答案】had his arms crossed after hearing the sad news 【详解】考查动词和非谓语动词。“双臂交叉”可理解为“让他的双臂交叉起来”，“让”用使役动词have，根据连词and可知，have是并列谓语，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态had，宾语“他的双臂”用his arms，“交叉”用动词cross，作宾语补足语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语his arms之间是被动关系crossed，用过去分词crossed表被动；“听到这个不幸的消息后”作时间状语，用介词after构成介词短语，“听到这个不幸的消息”用hear the sad news表示，在介词后用动名词形式作宾语。故填had his arms crossed after hearing the sad news。 37．The best time is while you are still at school, before you make any choices about your further education. 开始考虑自己可能从事的职业的最佳时间，是你还在学校的时候，在你对自己的继续深造作出任何选择之前。 【答案】to start thinking about possible careers 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“开始”用start，本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，此处修饰名词time，作定语，且time有最高级best修饰，本空用不定式to start，作定语。表示“考虑”用think about，用动名词形式作start的宾语。表示“可能从事的职业”用possible careers，作thinking about的宾语。故填：to start thinking about possible careers。 38．我们的政府花费了大量的钱来制止污染。 Our government spent pollution. 【答案】a large quantity of money in stopping 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“大量”使用固定短语a large quantity of，“钱”使用名词money，“制止”使用动词stop，spend...in doing sth“花费……做某事”，故填a large quantity of money in stopping。 39．To make progress in your English, you'd better spend . 为了在英语上取得进步，你最好每天花至少30分钟阅读。 【答案】a minimum of 30 minutes reading every day 【详解】考查名词和动词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“每天花至少30分钟阅读”应用spend a minimum of 30 minutes reading every day。这里考查spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.，表示“花费时间做某事”；a minimum of，表“至少；最少的”，为固定短语。故填a minimum of 30 minutes reading every day。 40．你不仅纠正了我的错误，而且还教了我学英语的诀窍。 Not only did you correct my mistakes, but you also 【答案】taught me tricks of studying English 【详解】考查动词，一般过去时，名词，非谓语动词。“教”使用动词“teach”，“诀窍”使用名词“trick”此处为复数意义，“学英语”可使用动词短语“study English”，“教某人某事”可表达为“teach sb. sth.”，“学英语的诀窍”表达为“tricks of studying English”，本句描述过去的事实，因此需要使用一般过去时。故填taught me tricks of studying English。 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高二上·重庆长寿·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Words and sentences are important in communication, but we communicate not only in spoken and 1 (write) words, but also in body language. We often see unconscious body language, which 2 (vary) from culture to culture. When introduced to 3 (strange), we use “learned” body language. Like other animals, we are on our guard until we know it is safe 4 (relax). So every culture has developed a formal way of 5 (greet) others, which helps show we are not aggressive (好斗的). 6 (traditional), Europeans and Americans shake each other 7 the hand, meaning they trust each other. Greetings are different around the world. In China, people put the right hand over the left and bow slightly in ancient times. Today, people still use their hands in formal greetings, 8 also means trust. American youths often greet each other with 9 expression, “Give me five!” Body language can convey (传递) more information than words, 10 people easily give themselves away by their gestures. 【答案】 1．written 2．varies 3．strangers 4．to relax 5．greeting 6．Traditionally 7．by 8．which 9．the 10．so 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言在交流中的重要性，以及不同文化中肢体语言的差异和一些正式的问候方式。 1．考查形容词。句意：单词和句子在交流中很重要，但我们不仅用口语和书面语交流，还用肢体语言交流。空处和spoken并列，作修饰words的定语，应用write的形容词形式written，意为“书面的”。故填written。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我们经常看到无意识的肢体语言，这因文化而异。空处作which引导的定语从句的谓语，先行词body language在从句中作主语，此处在描述通常的情况，时态应用一般现在时，主语是单数名词，vary“变化”应用第三人称单数形式。故填varies。 3．考查名词的数。句意：当我们被介绍给陌生人时，我们会使用“习得的”肢体语言。空处作介词to的宾语，strange的名词形式stranger符合题意，意为“陌生人”，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词stranger应用复数形式。故填strangers。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：像其他动物一样，我们也会保持警惕，直到我们知道可以安全放松为止。固定句型“it is+形容词+to do sth.”表示“做某事是……”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。故填to relax。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，每种文化都发展了一种正式的问候他人的方式，这有助于表明我们没有攻击性。空处作介词of的宾语，应用greet“问候”的动名词形式。故填greeting。 6．考查副词。句意：传统上，欧洲人和美国人互相握手，表示他们相互信任。空处修饰整个句子，traditional的副词形式traditionally符合题意，意为“传统上”，作状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Traditionally。 7．考查介词。句意：传统上，欧洲人和美国人互相握手，表示他们相互信任。固定搭配shake sb. by the hand意为“与某人握手”。故填by。 8．考查定语从句。句意：今天，人们在正式的问候中仍然用手，这也意味着信任。空处引导非限制性定语从句，做主语指代前面的整个句子，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 9．考查冠词。句意：美国的年轻人经常用“Give me five!”这样的表达问候对方。空处表示特指，指“Give me five!”这个表达，应用定冠词the。故填the。 10．考查连词。句意：肢体语言比语言能传达更多的信息，所以人们很容易通过手势暴露自己。空处前后均为完整的句子，空前句表示原因，空后句表示结果，因此用意为“所以”的并列连词so衔接。故填so。 （24-25高二上·贵州毕节·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Body language is used by people for sending messages to one another, 1 can help you make yourself easily 2 (understand). When you are talking with others, you have a 3 (tend)to use gestures. For example, waving one’s hand 4 (be) to say “Goodbye”. Nodding the head means agreement, but shaking the head means disagreement. 5 (apparent) different countries use different body language. For example, a kiss is used by men in Russia, France and Arab countries when they meet, but men in China or Australia shake hands instead of kissing. If you touch an English person, you should say “Sorry”. People in Arab countries like standing close to one another when they are talking, but English people must keep 6 distance away when they are talking. In some Asian countries, you must not touch the head of another person. When you use a foreign language, it is very important 7 (know) the meanings of body language in the foreign country. 8 (follow) the customs will help you communicate 9 people and make your stay there much more pleasant and 10 (comfort). 【答案】 1．which 2．understood 3．tendency 4．is 5．Apparently 6．a 7．to know 8．Following 9．with 10．comfortable 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言的作用以及不同地区国家中不同的肢体语言习俗。 1．考查定语从句。句意：肢体语言被人们用来互相发送信息，这可以帮助你使自己更容易被理解。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：肢体语言被人们用来互相发送信息，这可以帮助你使自己更容易被理解。此处为make+宾语+宾补结构，yourself与understand构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填understood。 3．考查名词。句意：当你和别人交谈时，你有使用手势的倾向。根据空前have a可知，空处需填名词单数作宾语，tendency作名词，表示“倾向”，符合句意。故填tendency。 4．考查主谓一致。句意：例如，挥手是说“再见”。空处做谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语用单数。故填is。 5．考查副词。句意：很明显不同的国家使用不同的肢体语言。空处需填副词作状语，修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母大写。故填 Apparently。 6．考查冠词。句意：阿拉伯国家的人在交谈时喜欢彼此站得很近，而英国人在交谈时必须保持距离。结合句意表示“保持距离”可知短语为keep a distance。故填a。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你使用一门外语时，了解外国肢体语言的含义是非常重要的。此处为句型it be adj. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语，it为形式主语。故填to know。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：遵守习俗将有助于你与人交流，使你呆在那里更愉快和舒适。作句子的主语，follow应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Following。 9．考查介词。句意：遵守习俗将有助于你与人交流，使你呆在那里更愉快和舒适。communicate with sb表示“和某人交流”。故填with。 10．考查形容词。句意：遵守习俗将有助于你与人交流，使你呆在那里更愉快和舒适。根据more pleasant and可知，空处需填形容词，与pleasant共用一个more，构成比较级的并列，作宾语补足语，表示“舒适”应用形容词comfortable。故填comfortable。 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高二下·浙江温州·期中）Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired, in part, by Charles Darwin’s study “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872).” But it had received little attention for around a century, according to nonverbal communication expert David Matsumoto. Then modern researchers examined how the brain reacts to facial expressions, and how babies copy facial and hand gestures. And scientists have also realized the complexity of body language. Much research has suggested that body language is often hard to interpret, or understand. But for years some advisers and experts have been using their knowledge in many practical areas. “I help people influence and persuade others around how trustworthy and credible (可信的) their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication,” said Mark Bowden. He is the author of “Winning Body Language”, a guide for readers including business people and famous people. He focuses on where a person faces their body and how much space they take up, as well as their gestures. Some experts also say they can use those signals to interpret hidden emotions. Joe Navarro is the author of “What Every Body Is Saying.” It is a book about reading a person’s mind from their nonverbal behavior. It’s easy to spot a speaker’s lip movements when he faces a question he doesn’t like, Joe said. While the work of these experts attracts large audiences, many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable. “Our facial expressions show certain types of emotional states,” Matsumoto said. So do some body movements. But “people do all kinds of things with their bodies,” he said. Your raised eyebrow could express doubt — but it might also signal discomfort or surprise. The same hand gesture could mean different things in different cultures, he said. 1．What role did Charles Darwin’s study play according to paragraph 1? A．It unlocked the secret of the human mind. B．It promoted the development of human language. C．It encouraged people to care more about animals. D．It helped start modern research on body language. 2．What can we infer about Mark Bowden? A．He gives advice on business language. B．He teaches people about body language. C．He focuses mainly on facial expressions. D．He pays more attention to spoken language. 3．According to the passage, Joe Navarro’s book helps readers to ______. A．improve their public speaking skills B．understand cultural differences in gestures. C．detect hidden emotions through body language. D．increase their charm in communication. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Body language is more reliable than spoken language. B．Modern research has fully understood body language. C．Scientists are cautious about the reliability of body language interpretation. D．Experts have successfully applied body language in practical areas. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍现代肢体语言研究的发展及专家观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Modern research on body language — often called nonverbal behavior — began in the 1960s and 1970s with studies that aimed to demonstrate the universality (普遍性) of facial expressions of emotion. That work was inspired, in part, by Charles Darwin’s study “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872).” (关于肢体语言 (通常被称为非语言行为) 的现代研究始于20世纪60至70年代，这些研究旨在证明面部表情所表达情感的普遍性。这项研究在一定程度上受到了Charles Darwin所著的《人类和动物的情感表达》 (1872年) 的启发。)”可知，达尔文的研究启发了现代肢体语言研究，推动其起步。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段““I help people influence and persuade others around how trustworthy and credible (可信的) their message is by helping them with their specific nonverbal communication,” said Mark Bowden. (Mark Bowden说：“我通过帮助人们掌握特定的非语言沟通方式，让他们在传达信息时显得更值得信赖和可信，从而影响和说服他人。”)”及“He is the author of “Winning Body Language”, a guide for readers including business people and famous people. (他是《赢在肢体语言》一书的作者，这本书是为包括商务人士和名人在内的读者提供指导的指南)”可知，Mark Bowden通过书籍和实践指导人们使用肢体语言，可推断他从事相关教学。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“It is a book about reading a person’s mind from their nonverbal behavior. (这是一本关于通过非语言行为解读一个人内心想法的书)”可知，Joe Navarro的书教读者通过肢体语言解读隐藏情绪。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While the work of these experts attracts large audiences, many scientists are unsure whether their methods are reliable. (尽管这些专家的研究吸引了大量受众，但许多科学家并不确定他们的方法是否可靠)”可知，科学家对肢体语言解读的可靠性持谨慎态度。故选C。 （24-25高二下·安徽蚌埠·阶段练习）Body language can be a very powerful tool, no matter the size of the audience. Whether it is two people or two hundred people, body language can directly influence how audience members see a speaker or respond to what is being said. Body language has the power to influence the audience’s feelings and even change minds. Therefore, it is always important to be mindful of the “saying” when engaging with different audiences. Within interpersonal exchanges, body language can contain many different emotions or signals. By ensuring that a person’s body language is “consistent” with their emotional state, someone can create a safe environment for conversation to happen. If one’s body language is inconsistent with their emotional state, this might leave an audience feeling uncomfortable, put off, or on edge. They won’t know what to expect from that person. For example, a person might want to make a listener feel “comfortable” and “laid back” during a conversation. If this is the goal, they will avoid having “closed-off” or “unfriendly” body language, such as avoiding eye contact or crossing their arms. To make somebody feel more comfortable within a conversation, someone should focus on being “open” with their posture (姿势). They should relax their face and make sure to hold the listener’s attention and face the listener in an “open” position (e.g. with arms at their sides and slightly leaning (倾斜) towards the listener). More importantly, body language can influence whether or not an audience feels confident or trusting of a speaker’s expertise. If a speaker’s body language comes across as being “nervous” or “hesitant”, then an audience might not take what they are saying seriously or be less likely to believe them or find them credible. In summary, body language plays a key role in speaking. Effective use of body language can also enhance the speaker’s message and engage the audience. On the contrary, poor body language can detract from (影响) the speaker’s message and create a passive impression. Therefore, it is essential for speakers to pay attention to their body language and use it to their advantage when delivering a speech. 1．What does the underlined words “the ‘saying’” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Making a speech. B．A response. C．Body language. D．An inner voice. 2．What should persons do to create a sense of safety for a conversation? A．Have lower expectations of their audience. B．Keep their body language true to their feelings. C．Remain emotionally consistent with the audience. D．Avoid exposing their inner emotions to the audience. 3．What might the act of crossing one’s arms lead to according to the text? A．Relaxation. B．Optimism. C．Tension. D．Doubt. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To offer suggestions on delivering a speech. B．To show the benefits of using body language. C．To point out improper types of body language. D．To remind us to be careful with body language. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了肢体语言在交流中的重要性。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Body language has the power to influence the audience’s feelings and even change minds.(肢体语言能够影响听众的感受，甚至改变他们的想法。)”可知，画线部分“the “saying””指代肢体语言。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“By ensuring that a person’s body language is “consistent” with their emotional state, someone can create a safe environment for conversation to happen.(通过确保一个人的肢体语言与他们的情绪状态“一致”，就可以为谈话创造一个安全的环境。)”可知，如果想要为对话营造一种安全感，那么说话的人的肢体语言应该忠实于他们的情感状态。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“For example, a person might want to make a listener feel “comfortable” and “laid back” during a conversation. If this is the goal, they will avoid having “closed-off” or “unfriendly” body language, such as avoiding eye contact or crossing their arms.(例如，一个人可能想让听者在谈话中感到“舒适”和“悠闲”。如果这是目标，他们会避免“封闭”或“不友好”的肢体语言，比如避免眼神交流或交叉双臂。)”可知，交叉手臂可能会导致紧张气氛。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Therefore, it is always important to be mindful of the “saying” when engaging with different audiences.(因此，在与不同的观众互动时，注意“说法”总是很重要的。)”和最后一段“In summary, body language plays a key role in speaking. Effective use of body language can also enhance the speaker’s message and engage the audience. On the contrary, poor body language can detract from (影响) the speaker’s message and create a passive impression. Therefore, it is essential for speakers to pay attention to their body language and use it to their advantage when delivering a speech.(总之，肢体语言在讲话中起着关键作用。有效地使用肢体语言也可以增强演讲者的信息并吸引听众。相反，拙劣的肢体语言会分散说话人的信息，给人一种被动的印象。因此，演讲者必须注意自己的肢体语言，并在演讲时利用它来发挥自己的优势。)”可知，作者写这篇文章旨在提醒我们要注意正确使用肢体语言。故选D。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$