Unit 5 Languages around the World（话题阅读精练）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Languages around the World 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 1. 核心词汇 official (adj.) 官方的；正式的 native (adj.) 本地的；母语的 → native speaker (说母语的人) global (adj.) 全球的 → globalization (n. 全球化) vocabulary (n.) 词汇 accent (n.) 口音 dialect (n.) 方言 character (n.) 文字；字符 → Chinese characters (汉字) symbol (n.) 符号；象征 communicate (v.) 交流 → communication (n.) spread (v./n.) 传播；扩散 adopt (v.) 采用；采纳 reflect (v.) 反映；反射 高频短语 be widely used 被广泛使用 play a role in... 在……中起作用 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 refer to 指的是；参考 thanks to 由于；多亏 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 be based on 以……为基础 语法考点（定语从句） 定语从句（Relative Clauses），尤其是关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose 的用法： 1.which/that 指物： The book which/that explains language history is popular. 2.who/whom/that 指人： The student who/that studies hard succeeds. The man whom/who/that you met is a linguist. 3.whose 表所属关系： The girl whose father is a teacher speaks 3 languages. 易错点 1.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略（口语中常见）： The language (that) he learned is Chinese. 2.介词后只能用 whom/which： The professor to whom you talked is famous. 话题与写作 1. 主题话题 1.世界语言的多样性 2.语言学习的重要性 3.汉字的发展与意义 2. 写作句型 1.强调作用： Language plays a key role in cultural communication. 2.对比观点： In my opinion, learning a second language broadens our horizons. 3.总结句： Thanks to technology, language learning has become more convenient. 易混淆词辨析 1.speak/talk/say/tell speak + 语言（speak English）；talk 强调交谈；say 后接内容；tell 后接人（tell sb. sth.）。 2.include/including The course includes listening and speaking. (动词) Many languages, including French, are taught here. (介词) 真题考点示例 1. The Chinese language ______ (use) by the largest population in the world. （答案：is used） 2. The man ______ you saw at the meeting is a famous linguist. （答案：who/whom/that） 3. 翻译：多亏互联网，我们可以轻松学习外语。 → Thanks to the Internet, we can learn foreign languages easily. 高考真题精练 阅读理解 Passage 01 The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly one-hour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pair-teacher meetings •One five-minute final video Sign up! The sign-up and registration process is as follows: •Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning. •Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified. •Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests. •Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. Reminders: Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. 1．In the programme, students will _________. A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills 2．To complete the programme, students are required to _________. A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos 3．What do students need to do during the registration? A．Indicate their languages of interest. B．Select their own coursework. C．Make individual contact. D．Choose their partners. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项语言交流项目的基本情况以及它的要求、报名和注册流程以及注意事项的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.(语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题)”可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分第二点“18 weekly one-hour pair meetings(每周18次一小时的配对会议)”可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Sign up部分第一点“Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.(学生们报名参加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的语言)”可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。    综合实战演练 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 When I was 16 years old，I made my first visit to the United States. It wasn’t the first time I had been abroad. Like most English children，I learned French at school and I had often been to France，so I was used to speaking a foreign language to people who didn’t understand English. But when I went to America I was really looking forward to having a nice easy holiday without any language problems. How wrong I was! The misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a public telephone to give my friend Danny a ring and tell her that I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me looking like being lost and asked if he could help me. “Yes，” I said.“I want to give my friend a ring.” “Well，that’s nice，” he said.“Are you getting married? But aren’t you a bit young？” “Who is talking about marriage？” I replied.“I just want to give my friend a ring to tell her I’ve arrived. Can you tell me where there’s a phone box？” “Oh！” he said.“There’s a phone downstairs.” When at last we did meet up，Danny explained the misunderstanding to me. “Don’t worry，” she said to me.“I had many difficulties at first. There are lots of words which the Americans use differently in meaning from us British. You’ll soon get used to all the funny things they say. But most of the time British and American people can understand each other！” 1．Where was the writer from? A．He was from America. B．He was from France. C．He was from England. D．He was from China. 2．The writer wanted . A．to buy a ring for his friend B．to make a call to his friend C．to go to the telephone company D．his friend to see him off 3．From the passage we can see that “give somebody a ring” _____________. A．means the same in America as in England B．means “call somebody” to the old man C．means “be going to get married” D．has different meanings in America and in England 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在本文中讲述了自己第一次到美国时，因为英式英语和美式英语的不同而导致的语言误解。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文中第一段中的“Like most English children，I learned French at school and I had often been to France...”像大多数英国孩子一样，我在学校学过法语，而且经常去法国......，可知，作者来自英国。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was looking for a public telephone to give my friend Danny a ring and tell her that I had arrived.”我在找一个公用电话，给我朋友 Danny 打个电话，告诉她我到了。可知，作者是想给朋友打电话。故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据文中那位美国老人和作者的对话。当初次作者讲“I want to give my friend a ring.”，我想给朋友打电话，老人误解为是作者要结婚“Are you getting married? ”，之后作者讲“Who is talking about marriage？谁在说结婚？”结合“I just want to give my friend a ring to tell her I’ve arrived. Can you tell me where            there’s a phone box？”我只是想给我朋友打个电话，告诉她我到了。你能告诉我哪里有电话亭吗？可知，“give somebody a ring”在美国和英国有不同的意思，故选D。 Passage 02 Learning a new language is a long and difficult process. This process can become easier if you set goals. Goals help guide language learners and give them reasons to continue studying a language. However, if your goals are too difficult, then you will probably become upset. Many English learners set difficult and even unreasonable goals, such as sounding like a native speaker, or losing their accents. The problem with the goal of sounding like a native speaker is that it is not a reasonable goal for many people. When English learners begin studying English after a certain age, they are not able to sound exactly like a native English speaker. That is the opinion of Eli Hinkel, a professor at Seattle Pacific University. She says that people who have not reached puberty still have enough muscle and brain plasticity (可塑性) to allow their brain to control their mouth muscles. Puberty is the period of life when a child becomes an adult. After your physical growth has stopped, the brain loses some of its ability to change the way it controls the muscles of the mouth. This is what results in an accent, according to Hinkel. In other words, having an accent is a natural part of the aging process of the brain. That you might not sound like a native speaker does not mean that you should give up trying to improve your pronunciation. And that you have an accent does not mean that your language skills are poor. Hinkel suggests that English learners should not be too upset about their accents. Another teacher says sounding like a native speaker is not necessary. Marla Yoshida is a teaching English as a foreign language teacher at the University of California, Irvine. She says that improving your pronunciation is surely possible — if you choose a reasonable goal. Marla Yoshida says that when you decide to diet, you are more likely to have success if you set reasonable goals. She suggests working on specific areas of pronunciation that you can improve, instead of trying to sound like a native speaker. 4．What does the underlined part “unreasonable goals” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Goals that are meaningless. B．Goals that are very small. C．Goals that are based on facts. D．Goals that are impossible to reach. 5．According to Paragraph 3, why are English learners unable to sound like a native speaker? A．They have no native speakers to talk to. B．They don’t have enough time to practice. C．Their brain can’t control their mouth muscles. D．Their mother tongue prevents them from doing so. 6．Which of the following statements would Eli Hinkel probably agree with? A．Having an accent is acceptable. B．Improving pronunciation isn’t that important. C．Sounding like a native speaker is impossible. D．Poor pronunciation means poor language skills. 【答案】4．D 5．C 6．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明语言学习者应该为自己设置合理的目标，不要设置不切实际的目标。 4．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Many English learners set difficult and even unreasonable goals, such as sounding like a native speaker, or losing their accents.(许多英语学习者设定了困难甚至不合理的目标，比如听起来像母语人士，或者去掉口音)”可知，unreasonable goals(不合理的目标)指的是那些难以实现的目标。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“After your physical growth has stopped, the brain loses some of its ability to change the way it controls the muscles of the mouth.(当你的身体发育停止后，大脑就失去了一些改变控制口腔肌肉方式的能力)”可知，英语学习者无法像母语人士一样发音，因为他们的大脑已经控制不了口腔里的肌肉了。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In other words, having an accent is a natural part of the aging process of the brain.(换句话说，有口音是大脑发育过程中的一个自然组成部分)”及第四段中的“Hinkel suggests that English learners should not be too upset about their accents.(Hinkel建议英语学习者不要太在意他们的口音)”可推知，Hinkel认为有口音是可以接受的。故选A。 Passage 03 Read the texts carefully and fill in the table. Wang Le    Hey, everybody, what are your biggest problems with learning English? Liu Wen    Hi I’ve been studying English since primary school. I used to get high marks in English, but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words. I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice? Jia Xin    Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. Sometimes I even record my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio host’s! My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. It’s so much easier to just say “Open the window!”, but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who I’m talking to and then decide whether to say, “Open the window, please!” or “Could you open the window, please?” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please?” Li Rui    Yeah, that’s really hard! I think it all depends on who you’re talking to. If I’m talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we’re equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me, I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question, not a demand, e.g., “Could you open the window, please?” If I’m talking to someone senior to me, then I should say, “Would you mind opening the window, please?” For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words! I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly. HELP! Name Problem Advice Liu Wen 7 Jia Xin’s advice: Listen to English radio programmes 8 Jia Xin 9 Li Rui’s advice: 10 Li Rui 11 Your advice: 12 【答案】7．trouble with listening to native English speakers 8．repeat what you hear, record your voice and compare to the radio host’s 9．how to be polite in English 10．use short requests for close friends, use longer requests for people who are not so close, use more polite phrases for people senior to you 11．remembering new vocabulary 12．Create your own word bank: carry a small notebook with you everywhere, and add new words when you learn them, learn word chunks instead of single word, learn word formation 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要为Liu Wen、Jia Xin和Li Rui论述各自学习英语的问题以及彼此给出建议。 7．考查细节理解。根据第二段“When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words.(当我在视频中听以英语为母语的人讲话时，我只能听懂几个单词)”可知，Liu Wen的问题是听以英语为母语的人讲话很困难。故填trouble with listening to native English speakers。 8．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sometimes I even record my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio host’s!(有时我甚至录下自己的声音，这样我就可以听自己的声音，并与电台主持人的发音进行比较)”可知，Jia Xin的建议是重复你所听到的，录下你的声音并与电台主持人的比较，故填repeat what you hear, record your voice and compare to the radio host’s。 9．考查细节理解。根据第三段“My biggest headache is how to be polite in English.(我最头疼的是如何用英语讲礼貌)”可知，Jia Xin的问题是怎样用英语讲礼貌，故填how to be polite in English。 10．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“If I’m talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we’re equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me, I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question, not a demand, e.g., “Could you open the window, please?” If I’m talking to someone senior to me, then I should say, “Would you mind opening the window, please?”(如果我和一个亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，比如“打开窗户”——我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的，所以我只需要几句话来弥合我们之间的差距。但是如果我和一个不是很亲近的人说话，我必须延长我的请求，而且我必须把它变成一个问题，而不是一个要求，例如，“Could you open the window, please?”如果我和比我级别高的人说话，我应该说:“你介意打开窗户吗？”)”可知，Li Rui的建议是对亲密的朋友使用简短的请求，对不太亲密的人使用较长的请求，对比你级别高的人使用更礼貌的短语。故填use short requests for close friends, use longer requests for people who are not so close, use more polite phrases for people senior to you。 11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words! I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly.(对我来说，词汇是我最大的问题——生词太多了!我不能把所有的新词汇都记在脑子里，我当然也记不住如何正确地使用它们)”可知，Li Rui的问题是记忆新词汇。故填remembering new vocabulary。 12．考查开放题。根据Li Rui记不住新单词的问题，我给出的建议是创建自己的词库：随身携带一个小笔记本，学习新单词时随手添加，学习词组而不是单个单词，学习构词法。故填Create your own word bank: carry a small notebook with you everywhere, and add new words when you learn them, learn word chunks instead of single word, learn word formation。 Passage 04 Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. Nowadays, people all over the world are becoming more and more connected, as if the world were getting smaller – as if we were living in a “global village”. Technology is largely responsible for bringing people together. Channels of communication, such as the mobile phone and the internet, have made it possible to speak instantly with someone on the other side of the planet, enabling us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures. The television, meanwhile, is a window on the world, giving us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyle. Cultural exchange helps us to be more inclusive and to overcome culture shock. But intrusiveness doesn’t mean that our cultures will merge into one another. Rather, it’s about countries and people making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world, so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits. 13．What phenomenon does the passage describe? 14．What effect does technology have on cultural exchange? 【答案】13．It describes the phenomenon of the “global village” as related to the promotion of technological and cultural exchange. 14．Technology enables us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures and gives us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。如今，世界各地的人们变得越来越紧密，仿佛世界变得越来越小——仿佛我们生活在一个“地球村”。分析了导致“地球村”的两大因素。 13．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Nowadays, people all over the world are becoming more and more connected, as if the world were getting smaller – as if we were living in a “global village””（如今，世界各地的人们变得越来越紧密，仿佛世界变得越来越小——仿佛我们生活在一个“地球村”），第二段“Technology is largely responsible for bringing people together.”（技术在很大程度上是将人们聚集在一起的原因）和第三段“Cultural exchange helps us to be more inclusive and to overcome culture shock.”（文化交流有助于我们更加包容，克服文化冲击）可知，短文主要描述了“地球村”现象的两大原因：促进技术和文化交流。故回答为：It describes the phenomenon of the “global village” as related to the promotion of technological and cultural exchange. 14．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Technology is largely responsible for bringing people together. Channels of communication, such as the mobile phone and the internet, have made it possible to speak instantly with someone on the other side of the planet, enabling us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures. The television, meanwhile, is a window on the world, giving us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyle.”（技术在很大程度上是将人们聚集在一起的原因。手机和互联网等通信渠道使我们能够与地球另一端的人即时交谈，从而使我们能够和完全不同文化的人建立密切联系。与此同时，电视是一个了解世界的窗口，让我们快速方便地了解其他文化和生活方式。）可知，科技对文化交流的影响是：技术使我们能够与完全不同文化的人建立密切联系，并使我们能够快速方便地接触其他文化和生活方式。故回答为：Technology enables us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures and gives us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles. Passage 05 Do you want to know the benefits of learning a foreign language? 15 In that case, first of all, you need to avoid some misunderstandings about language learning.Language learning is difficult It is only difficult to learn a language if you don’t want to. 16 You mostly need to listen and read. Believe me, it is that simple. I have done it many times. Soon you feel the satisfaction of understanding another language. Before you know it you start speaking. It is the way languages are usually taught that makes language learning hard to like.You have to have a gift for learning languages No, you don’t. Anyone who wants to can learn. In Sweden and Holland most people speak more than one language. 17 Foreign athletes in North America usually learn to speak English faster than people in more formal learning environments. In language learning it is attitude, not gift, that determines success. 18 Some immigrants (移民) to North America never learn to speak more than poor English. Yet we meet people in other countries who speak perfect English. In 1968. I learned to speak Mandarin fluently while living in Hong Kong, where few people spoke it. With the Internet, language content is available to anyone with a computer, and you can download it to your iPod and listen. Where you live is not a problem.Only children can learn to speak another language well Recent brain research has show that our brains remain plastic well into old age. Adults have a wide vocabulary in their own language and are better language learners than children. 19 Adults only need the child’s willingness to experiment and desire to communicate, without the fear of being laughed at. A．You need to speak in public. B．Adults have to learn a new language. C．They can’t just all be gifted at languages D．You have to live where the language is spoken. E．I have learned 4 languages since the age of 55. F．Do you want to speak many foreign languages? G．Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult. 【答案】15．F 16．G 17．C 18．D 19．E 【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了我们需要避免的对学习语言的一些误解。 15．根据指代关系和下文“In that case, first of all, you need to avoid some misunderstandings about language learning.(在这种情况下，首先，你需要避免一些关于语言学习的误解)”中提到“在这种情况下”可知，设空句中会描述一种“需要避免一些关于语言学习的误解”的情景，F项“Do you want to speak many foreign languages?(你想说多种外语吗?)”中“说多种外语”正是这种情景，符合上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 16．根据段首小标题“Language learning is difficult”可知，学习语言的第一个误解是“语言学习是困难的”，也就是说真正情况是语言学习并不困难，G项“Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult.(学习一门语言需要时间，但并不难)”与上文“It is only difficult to learn a language if you don’t want to. (只有当你不想学的时候，学习一门语言才会变得困难)”分析了让语言学习困难的真正原因和正确学习语言的方法，同时照应本段主题，符合上下文语意连贯。故选G项。 17．C项“They can’t just all be gifted at languages. (他们不可能都有语言天赋)”是对上文“In Sweden and Holland most people speak more than one language.(在瑞典和荷兰，大多数人会说不止一种语言)”的补足说明，用瑞典和荷兰大多数人会说不止一种语言，但他们不可能都有语言天赋这一事例来驳斥“You have to have a gift for learning languages(你必须有学习语言的天赋)”这一误解。故选C项。 18．设空处是段首小标题，是关于学习语言的另一个误解。根据下文事例“Some immigrants (移民) to North America never learn to speak more than poor English. Yet we meet people in other countries who speak perfect English.(一些北美的移民除了说蹩脚的英语外，从未学过其他语言。然而，我们在其他国家也遇到过英语说得很流利的人)”可知，本段要证明的是学好一门语言并不一定要生活在说这种语言的地方，由此推知，段首小标题中关于学习语言的另一个误解应该是：你必须生活在说这种语言的地方。故选D项。 19．根据段首小标题“Only children can learn to speak another language well”可知，学习语言的另一个误解是“只有孩子才能学好一门外语”，也就是说真正情况是，不只有孩子只能学好一门外语，成人也能，E项“I have learned 4 languages since the age of 55.(从55岁开始，我已经学会了4种语言)”有举例的方法证明了成人也能学好语言，符合上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 Passage 06 Knowing how to read, write and talk in one language is enough for many people. They prefer to focus their energy on other things that improve their lives. Scientists, however, continue to confirm that bilingualism, the ability to speak two languages fluently, has more benefits than many realize. First, it’s good for a child’s brain. Learning a second language improves their academic achievements. Many studies have shown that children who learn a foreign language get better grades at school. Bilingual children also display a better facility in their native language. Their grammar, vocabulary and spelling skills are stronger than those of single-language speakers. Children who learn a second language become expert problem-solvers and creative thinkers. That’s because their brains are constantly working to sort out which language to speak and when. Studies further show that bilingual teens are better at multitasking. Multilingual parents understand the benefits of learning more than one language. Ben Mazor of Montreal speaks English, French and Hebrew. He says, “Kids’ brains are like a sponge (海绵). They absorb everything. It comes to them so easily while they’re young. So why not give them the chance to learn another language?” A number of studies show that bilingualism is valuable to the brain later in life. Scottish researchers did a study using data from 835 native English speakers, who took an IQ test at the age of 11. They were tested again in their 70s. Researchers then compared the tests. Those who spoke two or more languages had obviously better cognitive (认知的) abilities. Dr. Thomas Baka, co-author of the study, concluded, “Our results suggest a protective effect of bilingualism against age-related cognitive decline.” So，who would refuse the benefits of learning a second language? 20．What does the underlined word “facility” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Ability. B．Interest. C．Taste. D．Method. 21．According to paragraph 3, what may parents like Ben Mazor do? A．Learn foreign languages by themselves. B．Spend more money on home schooling. C．Involve kids in foreign language courses. D．Help kids absorb knowledge like a sponge. 22．What has the Scottish researchers proved about bilingualism? A．It extends one’s life. B．It improves test scores. C．It cures brain disorders. D．It slows mental ageing. 23．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Learning Betters Human Brain B．Bilingualism Shows Great Advantages C．Language Opens a New World to Kids D．Bilingualism Leads to Academic Success 【答案】20．A 21．C 22．D 23．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述研究表明，双语能力有很多好处。 20．词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“Their grammar, vocabulary and spelling skills are stronger than those of single-language speakers.(他们的语法、词汇和拼写能力比说单一语言的人更强)”可知，会双语的孩子在语法、词汇和拼写能力方面比说单一语言的人更强，由此可推知，划线词所在句意为：双语儿童在使用母语方面也表现出更好的能力，facility意为“能力”。故选A项。 21．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Multilingual parents understand the benefits of learning more than one language.(多语父母明白学习多种语言的好处)”及Ben Mazor说的话“So why not give them the chance to learn another language?(所以为什么不给他们学习另一种语言的机会呢？)”可推知，像Ben Mazor这样的会说多种语言的家长明白多语的好处，他们可能会让孩子参加外语课程。故选C项。 22．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段中“Dr. Thomas Baka, co-author of the study, concluded, ‘Our results suggest a protective effect of bilingualism against age-related cognitive decline.’(该研究的合著者Thomas Baka博士总结道：‘我们的研究结果表明，双语对对抗与年龄相关的认知衰退具有保护作用’)”可知，苏格兰研究者证明，说双语能减缓精神衰老。故选D项。 23．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Scientists, however, continue to confirm that bilingualism, the ability to speak two languages fluently, has more benefits than many realize.(然而，科学家们继续证实，双语能力，即流利地说两种语言的能力，比许多人意识到的好处更多)”可推知，本文主要讲述研究表明，说双语有很多好处，故“Bilingualism Shows Great Advantages”是最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 07 Facial expressions are the primary way people exhibit their emotions and read the feelings of others. Happiness, sadness, disgust, fear and surprise can be communicated through facial expressions alone. But when part of the face is masked, it becomes more difficult to recognise these cues. If you can’t read others’ emotional state, your ability to empathise with them may be compromised. Likewise, if your mask is hiding your emotional state, others may not be able to empathise with you. Wearing a mask can also make you feel more distracted and self-conscious, further weakening your connection to others. Fortunately, you can regain some control over communication by working with what you have left — the eyes. If you want to get a better understanding of a masked individual, you should look him in the eye, which may be easier said than done. Eye contact generates self-consciousness, consumes extra brain power and becomes uncomfortable after only three seconds. But bear in mind that eye contact can also make you appear more intelligent and trustworthy. You might be surprised at how much information is conveyed by the body itself. For instance, when someone is happy, they stand up straighter; when they are sad, they drop their heads; when they are angry, their whole bodies tense up. Learning how people use their bodies to convey their emotions may help reduce the uncertainty you feel when communicating with someone wearing a mask. Become aware of your own body language, too. When engaged in a conversation, you can appear more attentive by turning your body towards the individual, leaning forwards or nodding. To let another person know you want to start speaking, straighten your posture, or nod more frequently. Finally, remember that imitating the posture of another person can increase how much they like you and even make them agree with you. By all means, continue the proper measures to keep yourself safe, but don’t neglect your relationships as a consequence. Social distance doesn’t have to mean socially distant. 28．What will happen if you wear a mask? A．Your fear won’t be known by others. B．Others will have difficulty understanding you. C．You will lose the ability to empathise with others. D．Others won’t focus on your face. 29．Why is eye contact difficult? A．It may lead to misunderstanding. B．It requires more brain power. C．It may cause people to believe you less. D．It will result in social distance. 30．What do Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Body language is a double-edged sword. B．Body language can convey shocking information. C．We should make good use of body language. D．Be careful with your body language when talking. 31．What is the best title for this passage? A．How Do People Use Their Bodies to Convey Emotions? B．Facial Expressions — The Primary Way of Human Connection C．Which Is the Best — Facial Expressions, Eye Contact or Body Language? D．How Do We Keep Socially Distant to Keep Ourselves Safe? 【答案】28．B 29．B 30．C 31．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当人们戴着口罩无法识别对方的面部表情时，如何利用眼神交流和肢体语言进行沟通。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段“Likewise, if your mask is hiding your emotional state, others may not be able to empathise with you.(同样地，如果你的表情面具掩盖了你的真实情绪状态，那么其他人可能就无法理解你的感受了)”可知，如果你戴上口罩，其他人可能会很难理解你。故选B。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Eye contact generates self-consciousness, consumes extra brain power and becomes uncomfortable after only three seconds.(目光接触会让人产生自我意识，会耗费额外的脑力，并且仅仅持续三秒钟后就会让人感到不适)”可知，眼神交流很困难的原因是它需要消耗更多的脑力。故选B。 30．主旨大意题。根据第四段“You might be surprised at how much information is conveyed by the body itself.(你可能会惊讶地发现，身体本身所传递的信息竟如此之多)”以及第五段“Become aware of your own body language, too.(也要留意自己的肢体语言)”可知，第四段主要讲了肢体语言传达信息的能力，第五段主要讲了人们要注意自己的肢体语言。由此可知，第四段和第五段主要讲了我们应该充分利用肢体语言。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Facial expressions are the primary way people exhibit their emotions and read the feelings of others. Happiness, sadness, disgust, fear and surprise can be communicated through facial expressions alone. But when part of the face is masked, it becomes more difficult to recognise these cues.(面部表情是人们表达自身情绪以及解读他人情感的主要方式。喜悦、悲伤、厌恶、恐惧和惊讶等情绪都可以通过面部表情来传达。但当面部的一部分被遮挡时，就更难以识别这些表情信号了)”以及文章主要介绍了当人们戴着口罩无法识别对方的面部表情时，如何利用眼神交流和肢体语言进行沟通。故A项“人们如何用他们的身体来传达情感?”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 二、完形填空 It is natural to find aspects of other cultures not only interesting but also attractive. Often the first image we see from another culture 32 the longest in our minds. If you ask me what “Chinese culture” is, I would perhaps mention The Art of War or the Tao Te Ching, old classics I 33 by a Sinophile friend when I was a teenager. We considered them insightful and cool. There is no better way, however, to help anyone really understand contemporary China than to learn its 34 . Therefore, I was 35 when the British government adopted a target that 5,000 students should be studying Mandarin(普通话) eight hours a week by 2020. Yet this is just part of a pan-Western 36 ! In the United States, the president has 37 a similar movement to prepare young students to deal with China in future jobs. The 38 behind such decisions include China’s economic development and growing importance in the world. As George Osborne, a member of the British Parliament put it, learning Mandarin will help young people succeed in an increasingly 39 economy. Mandarin is more “ 40 ”to their later careers than other languages. I first met many Chinese and visited China during my university years. Since then, I’ve been trying to learn Mandarin. 41 , studying the language by myself with books and CDs turns out to be quite tough. Devotion and regularly talking with native speakers really 42 . Meanwhile. I have found that many fresh graduates from China are not knowledgeable enough about Chinese and are not able to 43 original ideas to the West. This may explain why the most famous Chinese books in the West are still classics like those I mentioned. 44 , the Western trend for learning Mandarin should not only fill you with pride but come as a“ 45 ” too. While you are busy learning English, you should perhaps spend an equal amount of time stepping up your Chinese knowledge as well. As part of the rising generation, you have the chance---and the responsibility--to 46 that cultural influence will go in both directions. 32．A．waits B．maintains C．lasts D．appears 33．A．was devoted to B．was introduced to C．was interested in D．was filled with 34．A．culture B．economy C．language D．industry 35．A．impressed B．confused C．satisfied D．stressed-out 36．A．signal B．custom C．pleasure D．trend 37．A．doubted B．supported C．ignored D．assisted 38．A．problems B．results C．reasons D．solutions 39．A．weakening B．tight C．steady D．competitive 40．A．relevant B．available C．close D．familiar 41．A．Undoubtedly B．Generally C．Obviously D．Unfortunately 42．A．suffers B．guarantees C．works D．applies 43．A．express B．expose C．cover D．communicate 44．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 45．A．sorrow B．warning C．relief D．confusion 46．A．ensure B．promise C．detect D．conclude 【答案】 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．A 41．D 42．C 43．D 44．C 45．B 46．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今西方国家正流行学习普通话的趋势以及背后的原因和给人们带来的启示。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，我们从另一种文化中看到的第一个形象在我们的脑海中持续时间最长。A. waits等待；B. maintains保持；C. lasts持续；D. appears出现。根据后文“the longest in our minds”指形象在脑海中的持续时间，应用last。故选C。 33．考查固定短语辨析。句意：如果你问我什么是“中国文化”，我可能会提到《孙子兵法》或《道德经》，这是我十几岁时，一个喜欢中国的朋友向我介绍的古老经典。A. was devoted to致力于；B. was introduced to被介绍给；C. was interested in感兴趣；D. was filled with充满。根据后文“by a Sinophile friend when I was a teenager”可知喜欢中国的朋友把中国古老经典介绍给了作者，故选B。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，要想真正了解当代中国，没有比学习中国语言更好的方法了。A. culture文化；B. economy经济；C. language语言；D. industry工业。根据后文“studying Mandarin eight hours a week by 2020”提到了语言学习，可知此处作者想表达的是没有比学习中国语言更好的方法了。故选C。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，当英国政府制定到2020年，5000名学生每周学习8小时普通话的目标时，我印象深刻。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. confused困惑的；C. satisfied满意的；D. stressed-out不堪重负的。上文提到，作者认为要想真正了解当代中国，没有比学习中国语言更好的方法了，所以当英国政府制定到2020年，5000名学生每周学习8小时普通话的目标时，作者对此印象深刻。故选A。 36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这只是泛西方趋势的一部分！A. signal信号；B. custom习俗；C. pleasure压力；D. trend趋势。根据上文“Yet this is just part of a pan-Western”可知此处指学习中文是一种趋势。后文“the Western trend for learning Mandarin”也是提示。故选D。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，总统支持了一个类似的运动，帮助年轻学生在未来的工作中应对中国。A. doubted怀疑；B. supported支持；C. ignored忽视；D. assisted协助。根据后文“a similar movement to prepare young students to deal with China in future jobs”可知，美国总统也支持了一个类似的学习中文的运动。故选B。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些决定背后的原因包括中国的经济发展和在世界上日益增长的重要性。A. problems问题；B. results结果；C. reasons理由；D. solutions解决方案。根据后文“behind such decisions include China's economic development and growing importance in the world”可知中国的经济发展和在世界上日益增长的重要性是这些决定背后的原因。故选C。 39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如英国国会议员乔治•奥斯本所言，在竞争日益激烈的经济形势下，学习普通话将有助于年轻人取得成功。A. weakening削弱；B. tight紧的；C. steady稳定的；D. competitive竞争的。结合上文“Mandarin will help young people succeed in an increasingly”可知普通话有助于年轻人在竞争日益激烈的经济形势下取得成功，故选D。 40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与其他语言相比，普通话对他们以后的职业生涯更有“相关性”。A. relevant相关的；B. available可获得的；C. close靠近的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“to their later careers than other languages”可知学习普通话是因为普通话对他们以后的职业生涯更有“相关性”。故选A。 41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，通过书本和CD自学语言是相当困难的。A. Undoubtedly确实地；B. Generally大体上；C. Obviously显然；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“studying the language by myself with books and CDs turns out to be quite tough”说明了自学语言存在的困难，可见不幸地是光靠努力来自学是不够的。故选D。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：投入和定期与母语人士交谈真的很有用。A. suffers遭受；B. guarantees保证；C. works工作，奏效；D. applies应用。根据上文“studying the language by myself with books and CDs turns out to be quite tough. Devotion and regularly talking with native speakers really”可知靠书籍和CD自学很困难，所以要投入和定期与母语人士交谈才能奏效，work符合语境。故选C。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，我发现很多刚从中国毕业的大学生对中文的了解还不够，也无法将自己的原创想法传达给西方。A. express表达；B. expose暴露；C. cover覆盖；D. communicate交流。根据后文“original ideas to the West”指和西方交流自己的想法，故选D。 44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，西方学习汉语的趋势不仅应该让你感到自豪，也应该成为一个“警告”。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。此处前后文为因果关系，应用therefore。故选C。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，西方学习汉语的趋势不仅应该让你感到自豪，也应该成为一个“警告”。A. sorrow悲伤；B. warning警告；C. relief安慰；D. confusion困惑。根据后文“While you are busy learning English, you should perhaps spend an equal amount of time stepping up your Chinese knowledge as well.”可知，在你忙着学习英语的同时，你也应该花同样多的时间来提高你的中文知识，可见西方学习汉语的趋势不仅应该让你感到自豪，也应该成为一个“警告”。故选B。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为新兴一代的一部分，你有机会——也有责任——去发现文化的影响是双向的。A. ensure确保；B. promise承诺；C. detect查明，发现；D. conclude下结论。根据后文“that cultural influence will go in both directions”可知新兴一代有机会——也有责任——去发现文化的影响是双向的。故选C。 三、语法填空 47．So far, every possible means (try) to solve the problem. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】has been tried 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，已经尝试了一切可能的方法来解决这个问题。空处作句子的谓语。根据句中的So far可知，这里应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去某时一直持续到现在。主语means和try之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。且means(方法)单复数同形，其前有every修饰，谓语应用单数形式。故填has been tried。 四、选词填空 选词填空(使用正确的形式) turn to,  calm down,  in the end,  focus on,  relate to,   jump in with both feet,  be proud of, take one’s advice 48．A lot of countries have our country for help to fight against COVID-19. 49．With troublesome family affairs on his mind, Mr. Johnson failed to his research work. 50．When faced with an emergency, instead of getting nervous, and you’ll find a way out. 51．We the traditional culture of our nation which influences the world greatly. 52．Your parents can what you’re going through because they were teens once. 53．You had better not before you know what really happened. 54．I am all for your own good, so I hope you can and keep a balanced diet. 55．After a long and heated discussion, the formal agreement was reached . 【答案】48．turned to 49．focus on 50．calm down 51．are proud of 52．relate to 53．jump in with both feet 54．take my advice 55．in the end 【解析】48．考查短语和时态。句意：很多国家都向我们国家寻求帮助来对抗2019冠状病毒疾病。此处表示“求助”为短语turn to，由have和句意可知，此处应用现在完成时，所以动词turn应用过去分词形式，故填turned to。 49．考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：约翰逊先生一心想着麻烦的家庭事务，没有把精力集中在研究工作上。此处表示“集中精力于……”，为短语focus on，fail to do“不能做”，所以动词focus应用原形，故填focus on。 50．考查短语和祈使句。句意：当面临紧急情况时，冷静下来而不是紧张，你会找到出路的。此处表示“冷静下来”，应用短语calm down，此处为祈使句，应用动词原形，故填calm down。 51．考查短语和时态。句意：我们为影响世界的民族传统文化感到自豪。此处表示“以……为骄傲”，为短语be proud of，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是we，be动词应用are，故填are proud of。 52．考查短语和情态动词+动词原形。句意：你的父母能感同身受，因为他们也曾是青少年。此处表示“理解；同情”为短语relate to，情态动词can后应用动词原形，故填relate to。 53．考查短语和情态动词+动词原形。句意：在你还没弄清楚到底发生了什么之前，你最好不要全力以赴。此处表示“全力以赴”为短语jump in with both feet，情态动词had better后加动词原形，故填jump in with both feet。 54．考查短语和情态动词+动词原形。句意：我都是为了你好，所以我希望你能接受我的建议，保持均衡饮食。表示“采取某人的建议”为take one’s advice，情态动词can后加动词原形，此处表示“采取我的建议”为take my advice，故填take my advice。 55．考查短语。句意：经过长时间的激烈讨论，最后达成了正式协议。“最后”为短语in the end，故填in the end。 五、书面表达 56．假如你是李华，你最近看了一段关于高中生如何学好英语的采访，你的英语老师让你写一篇文章介绍你的心得体会。内容要点如下： 1. 上课认真听讲，及时复习； 2. 经常用英语交流； 3. 写英文日记。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: I am delighted to have watched an interview recently, from which I’ve known how to learn English well. Firstly, it’s necessary to listen attentively and take notes in class and review my lessons after class. Secondly, I need to learn a lot of words and phrases by heart. Moreover, I should communicate with my classmates in English as often as possible in order to improve my listening and speaking skills. Last but not least, keeping a diary in English will also be of benefit to me. In brief, I’m confident these methods will help me improve my English. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。题目要求考生介绍看完高中生如何学好英语的采访后的心得体会，需包括上课认真听讲，及时复习，经常用英语交流，以及写英文日记。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：delighted→glad, happy, joyful 首先：firstly→to begin with, in the first place, at first 必要的：necessary→essential, indispensable 聚精会神地：attentively→ardently, meticulously 此外：moreover→in addition, additionally, furthermore, besides 为了：in order to→in a bid to, for the sake of, for the purpose of, in an effort to 提高：improve→sharpen, enhance 有益的：be of benefit→be beneficial, be helpful 简而言之：in brief→in short, in a word, to put it briefly 2. 句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Moreover, I should communicate with my classmates in English as often as possible in order to improve my listening and speaking skills. 拓展句：Moreover, I should communicate with my classmates in English as often as possible in order that I can improve my listening and speaking skills. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am delighted to have watched an interview recently, from which I’ve known how to learn English well.（运用了介词+which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Last but not least, keeping a diary in English will also be of benefit to me.（运用了动名词短语keeping a diary in English作主语） 【高分句型3】In brief, I’m confident these methods will help me improve my English.（运用了that引导名词性从句作confident的宾语并省略了that） 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Languages around the World 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 1. 核心词汇 official (adj.) 官方的；正式的 native (adj.) 本地的；母语的 → native speaker (说母语的人) global (adj.) 全球的 → globalization (n. 全球化) vocabulary (n.) 词汇 accent (n.) 口音 dialect (n.) 方言 character (n.) 文字；字符 → Chinese characters (汉字) symbol (n.) 符号；象征 communicate (v.) 交流 → communication (n.) spread (v./n.) 传播；扩散 adopt (v.) 采用；采纳 reflect (v.) 反映；反射 高频短语 be widely used 被广泛使用 play a role in... 在……中起作用 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 refer to 指的是；参考 thanks to 由于；多亏 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 be based on 以……为基础 语法考点（定语从句） 定语从句（Relative Clauses），尤其是关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose 的用法： 1.which/that 指物： The book which/that explains language history is popular. 2.who/whom/that 指人： The student who/that studies hard succeeds. The man whom/who/that you met is a linguist. 3.whose 表所属关系： The girl whose father is a teacher speaks 3 languages. 易错点 1.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略（口语中常见）： The language (that) he learned is Chinese. 2.介词后只能用 whom/which： The professor to whom you talked is famous. 话题与写作 1. 主题话题 1.世界语言的多样性 2.语言学习的重要性 3.汉字的发展与意义 2. 写作句型 1.强调作用： Language plays a key role in cultural communication. 2.对比观点： In my opinion, learning a second language broadens our horizons. 3.总结句： Thanks to technology, language learning has become more convenient. 易混淆词辨析 1.speak/talk/say/tell speak + 语言（speak English）；talk 强调交谈；say 后接内容；tell 后接人（tell sb. sth.）。 2.include/including The course includes listening and speaking. (动词) Many languages, including French, are taught here. (介词) 真题考点示例 1. The Chinese language ______ (use) by the largest population in the world. （答案：is used） 2. The man ______ you saw at the meeting is a famous linguist. （答案：who/whom/that） 3. 翻译：多亏互联网，我们可以轻松学习外语。 → Thanks to the Internet, we can learn foreign languages easily. 高考真题精练 阅读理解 Passage 01 The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly one-hour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pair-teacher meetings •One five-minute final video Sign up! The sign-up and registration process is as follows: •Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning. •Based on the information entered by each student, potential pairs are identified. •Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests. •Once a pair has been determined to be suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. Reminders: Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate. Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels. Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process, not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. 1．In the programme, students will _________. A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills 2．To complete the programme, students are required to _________. A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos 3．What do students need to do during the registration? A．Indicate their languages of interest. B．Select their own coursework. C．Make individual contact. D．Choose their partners. 综合实战演练 一、阅读理解 Passage 01 When I was 16 years old，I made my first visit to the United States. It wasn’t the first time I had been abroad. Like most English children，I learned French at school and I had often been to France，so I was used to speaking a foreign language to people who didn’t understand English. But when I went to America I was really looking forward to having a nice easy holiday without any language problems. How wrong I was! The misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a public telephone to give my friend Danny a ring and tell her that I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me looking like being lost and asked if he could help me. “Yes，” I said.“I want to give my friend a ring.” “Well，that’s nice，” he said.“Are you getting married? But aren’t you a bit young？” “Who is talking about marriage？” I replied.“I just want to give my friend a ring to tell her I’ve arrived. Can you tell me where there’s a phone box？” “Oh！” he said.“There’s a phone downstairs.” When at last we did meet up，Danny explained the misunderstanding to me. “Don’t worry，” she said to me.“I had many difficulties at first. There are lots of words which the Americans use differently in meaning from us British. You’ll soon get used to all the funny things they say. But most of the time British and American people can understand each other！” 1．Where was the writer from? A．He was from America. B．He was from France. C．He was from England. D．He was from China. 2．The writer wanted . A．to buy a ring for his friend B．to make a call to his friend C．to go to the telephone company D．his friend to see him off 3．From the passage we can see that “give somebody a ring” _____________. A．means the same in America as in England B．means “call somebody” to the old man C．means “be going to get married” D．has different meanings in America and in England Passage 02 Learning a new language is a long and difficult process. This process can become easier if you set goals. Goals help guide language learners and give them reasons to continue studying a language. However, if your goals are too difficult, then you will probably become upset. Many English learners set difficult and even unreasonable goals, such as sounding like a native speaker, or losing their accents. The problem with the goal of sounding like a native speaker is that it is not a reasonable goal for many people. When English learners begin studying English after a certain age, they are not able to sound exactly like a native English speaker. That is the opinion of Eli Hinkel, a professor at Seattle Pacific University. She says that people who have not reached puberty still have enough muscle and brain plasticity (可塑性) to allow their brain to control their mouth muscles. Puberty is the period of life when a child becomes an adult. After your physical growth has stopped, the brain loses some of its ability to change the way it controls the muscles of the mouth. This is what results in an accent, according to Hinkel. In other words, having an accent is a natural part of the aging process of the brain. That you might not sound like a native speaker does not mean that you should give up trying to improve your pronunciation. And that you have an accent does not mean that your language skills are poor. Hinkel suggests that English learners should not be too upset about their accents. Another teacher says sounding like a native speaker is not necessary. Marla Yoshida is a teaching English as a foreign language teacher at the University of California, Irvine. She says that improving your pronunciation is surely possible — if you choose a reasonable goal. Marla Yoshida says that when you decide to diet, you are more likely to have success if you set reasonable goals. She suggests working on specific areas of pronunciation that you can improve, instead of trying to sound like a native speaker. 4．What does the underlined part “unreasonable goals” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Goals that are meaningless. B．Goals that are very small. C．Goals that are based on facts. D．Goals that are impossible to reach. 5．According to Paragraph 3, why are English learners unable to sound like a native speaker? A．They have no native speakers to talk to. B．They don’t have enough time to practice. C．Their brain can’t control their mouth muscles. D．Their mother tongue prevents them from doing so. 6．Which of the following statements would Eli Hinkel probably agree with? A．Having an accent is acceptable. B．Improving pronunciation isn’t that important. C．Sounding like a native speaker is impossible. D．Poor pronunciation means poor language skills. Passage 03 Read the texts carefully and fill in the table. Wang Le    Hey, everybody, what are your biggest problems with learning English? Liu Wen    Hi I’ve been studying English since primary school. I used to get high marks in English, but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words. I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice? Jia Xin    Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. Sometimes I even record my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio host’s! My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. It’s so much easier to just say “Open the window!”, but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who I’m talking to and then decide whether to say, “Open the window, please!” or “Could you open the window, please?” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please?” Li Rui    Yeah, that’s really hard! I think it all depends on who you’re talking to. If I’m talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we’re equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me, I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question, not a demand, e.g., “Could you open the window, please?” If I’m talking to someone senior to me, then I should say, “Would you mind opening the window, please?” For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words! I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly. HELP! Name Problem Advice Liu Wen 7 Jia Xin’s advice: Listen to English radio programmes 8 Jia Xin 9 Li Rui’s advice: 10 Li Rui 11 Your advice: 12 Passage 04 Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the expressions in bold. Nowadays, people all over the world are becoming more and more connected, as if the world were getting smaller – as if we were living in a “global village”. Technology is largely responsible for bringing people together. Channels of communication, such as the mobile phone and the internet, have made it possible to speak instantly with someone on the other side of the planet, enabling us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures. The television, meanwhile, is a window on the world, giving us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyle. Cultural exchange helps us to be more inclusive and to overcome culture shock. But intrusiveness doesn’t mean that our cultures will merge into one another. Rather, it’s about countries and people making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world, so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits. 13．What phenomenon does the passage describe? 14．What effect does technology have on cultural exchange? Passage 05 Do you want to know the benefits of learning a foreign language? 15 In that case, first of all, you need to avoid some misunderstandings about language learning.Language learning is difficult It is only difficult to learn a language if you don’t want to. 16 You mostly need to listen and read. Believe me, it is that simple. I have done it many times. Soon you feel the satisfaction of understanding another language. Before you know it you start speaking. It is the way languages are usually taught that makes language learning hard to like.You have to have a gift for learning languages No, you don’t. Anyone who wants to can learn. In Sweden and Holland most people speak more than one language. 17 Foreign athletes in North America usually learn to speak English faster than people in more formal learning environments. In language learning it is attitude, not gift, that determines success. 18 Some immigrants (移民) to North America never learn to speak more than poor English. Yet we meet people in other countries who speak perfect English. In 1968. I learned to speak Mandarin fluently while living in Hong Kong, where few people spoke it. With the Internet, language content is available to anyone with a computer, and you can download it to your iPod and listen. Where you live is not a problem.Only children can learn to speak another language well Recent brain research has show that our brains remain plastic well into old age. Adults have a wide vocabulary in their own language and are better language learners than children. 19 Adults only need the child’s willingness to experiment and desire to communicate, without the fear of being laughed at. A．You need to speak in public. B．Adults have to learn a new language. C．They can’t just all be gifted at languages D．You have to live where the language is spoken. E．I have learned 4 languages since the age of 55. F．Do you want to speak many foreign languages? G．Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult. Passage 06 Knowing how to read, write and talk in one language is enough for many people. They prefer to focus their energy on other things that improve their lives. Scientists, however, continue to confirm that bilingualism, the ability to speak two languages fluently, has more benefits than many realize. First, it’s good for a child’s brain. Learning a second language improves their academic achievements. Many studies have shown that children who learn a foreign language get better grades at school. Bilingual children also display a better facility in their native language. Their grammar, vocabulary and spelling skills are stronger than those of single-language speakers. Children who learn a second language become expert problem-solvers and creative thinkers. That’s because their brains are constantly working to sort out which language to speak and when. Studies further show that bilingual teens are better at multitasking. Multilingual parents understand the benefits of learning more than one language. Ben Mazor of Montreal speaks English, French and Hebrew. He says, “Kids’ brains are like a sponge (海绵). They absorb everything. It comes to them so easily while they’re young. So why not give them the chance to learn another language?” A number of studies show that bilingualism is valuable to the brain later in life. Scottish researchers did a study using data from 835 native English speakers, who took an IQ test at the age of 11. They were tested again in their 70s. Researchers then compared the tests. Those who spoke two or more languages had obviously better cognitive (认知的) abilities. Dr. Thomas Baka, co-author of the study, concluded, “Our results suggest a protective effect of bilingualism against age-related cognitive decline.” So，who would refuse the benefits of learning a second language? 20．What does the underlined word “facility” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Ability. B．Interest. C．Taste. D．Method. 21．According to paragraph 3, what may parents like Ben Mazor do? A．Learn foreign languages by themselves. B．Spend more money on home schooling. C．Involve kids in foreign language courses. D．Help kids absorb knowledge like a sponge. 22．What has the Scottish researchers proved about bilingualism? A．It extends one’s life. B．It improves test scores. C．It cures brain disorders. D．It slows mental ageing. 23．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Learning Betters Human Brain B．Bilingualism Shows Great Advantages C．Language Opens a New World to Kids D．Bilingualism Leads to Academic Success Passage 07 Facial expressions are the primary way people exhibit their emotions and read the feelings of others. Happiness, sadness, disgust, fear and surprise can be communicated through facial expressions alone. But when part of the face is masked, it becomes more difficult to recognise these cues. If you can’t read others’ emotional state, your ability to empathise with them may be compromised. Likewise, if your mask is hiding your emotional state, others may not be able to empathise with you. Wearing a mask can also make you feel more distracted and self-conscious, further weakening your connection to others. Fortunately, you can regain some control over communication by working with what you have left — the eyes. If you want to get a better understanding of a masked individual, you should look him in the eye, which may be easier said than done. Eye contact generates self-consciousness, consumes extra brain power and becomes uncomfortable after only three seconds. But bear in mind that eye contact can also make you appear more intelligent and trustworthy. You might be surprised at how much information is conveyed by the body itself. For instance, when someone is happy, they stand up straighter; when they are sad, they drop their heads; when they are angry, their whole bodies tense up. Learning how people use their bodies to convey their emotions may help reduce the uncertainty you feel when communicating with someone wearing a mask. Become aware of your own body language, too. When engaged in a conversation, you can appear more attentive by turning your body towards the individual, leaning forwards or nodding. To let another person know you want to start speaking, straighten your posture, or nod more frequently. Finally, remember that imitating the posture of another person can increase how much they like you and even make them agree with you. By all means, continue the proper measures to keep yourself safe, but don’t neglect your relationships as a consequence. Social distance doesn’t have to mean socially distant. 28．What will happen if you wear a mask? A．Your fear won’t be known by others. B．Others will have difficulty understanding you. C．You will lose the ability to empathise with others. D．Others won’t focus on your face. 29．Why is eye contact difficult? A．It may lead to misunderstanding. B．It requires more brain power. C．It may cause people to believe you less. D．It will result in social distance. 30．What do Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Body language is a double-edged sword. B．Body language can convey shocking information. C．We should make good use of body language. D．Be careful with your body language when talking. 31．What is the best title for this passage? A．How Do People Use Their Bodies to Convey Emotions? B．Facial Expressions — The Primary Way of Human Connection C．Which Is the Best — Facial Expressions, Eye Contact or Body Language? D．How Do We Keep Socially Distant to Keep Ourselves Safe? 二、完形填空 It is natural to find aspects of other cultures not only interesting but also attractive. Often the first image we see from another culture 32 the longest in our minds. If you ask me what “Chinese culture” is, I would perhaps mention The Art of War or the Tao Te Ching, old classics I 33 by a Sinophile friend when I was a teenager. We considered them insightful and cool. There is no better way, however, to help anyone really understand contemporary China than to learn its 34 . Therefore, I was 35 when the British government adopted a target that 5,000 students should be studying Mandarin(普通话) eight hours a week by 2020. Yet this is just part of a pan-Western 36 ! In the United States, the president has 37 a similar movement to prepare young students to deal with China in future jobs. The 38 behind such decisions include China’s economic development and growing importance in the world. As George Osborne, a member of the British Parliament put it, learning Mandarin will help young people succeed in an increasingly 39 economy. Mandarin is more “ 40 ”to their later careers than other languages. I first met many Chinese and visited China during my university years. Since then, I’ve been trying to learn Mandarin. 41 , studying the language by myself with books and CDs turns out to be quite tough. Devotion and regularly talking with native speakers really 42 . Meanwhile. I have found that many fresh graduates from China are not knowledgeable enough about Chinese and are not able to 43 original ideas to the West. This may explain why the most famous Chinese books in the West are still classics like those I mentioned. 44 , the Western trend for learning Mandarin should not only fill you with pride but come as a“ 45 ” too. While you are busy learning English, you should perhaps spend an equal amount of time stepping up your Chinese knowledge as well. As part of the rising generation, you have the chance---and the responsibility--to 46 that cultural influence will go in both directions. 32．A．waits B．maintains C．lasts D．appears 33．A．was devoted to B．was introduced to C．was interested in D．was filled with 34．A．culture B．economy C．language D．industry 35．A．impressed B．confused C．satisfied D．stressed-out 36．A．signal B．custom C．pleasure D．trend 37．A．doubted B．supported C．ignored D．assisted 38．A．problems B．results C．reasons D．solutions 39．A．weakening B．tight C．steady D．competitive 40．A．relevant B．available C．close D．familiar 41．A．Undoubtedly B．Generally C．Obviously D．Unfortunately 42．A．suffers B．guarantees C．works D．applies 43．A．express B．expose C．cover D．communicate 44．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 45．A．sorrow B．warning C．relief D．confusion 46．A．ensure B．promise C．detect D．conclude 三、语法填空 47．So far, every possible means (try) to solve the problem. （所给词的适当形式填空） 四、选词填空 选词填空(使用正确的形式) turn to,  calm down,  in the end,  focus on,  relate to,   jump in with both feet,  be proud of, take one’s advice 48．A lot of countries have our country for help to fight against COVID-19. 49．With troublesome family affairs on his mind, Mr. Johnson failed to his research work. 50．When faced with an emergency, instead of getting nervous, and you’ll find a way out. 51．We the traditional culture of our nation which influences the world greatly. 52．Your parents can what you’re going through because they were teens once. 53．You had better not before you know what really happened. 54．I am all for your own good, so I hope you can and keep a balanced diet. 55．After a long and heated discussion, the formal agreement was reached . 五、书面表达 56．假如你是李华，你最近看了一段关于高中生如何学好英语的采访，你的英语老师让你写一篇文章介绍你的心得体会。内容要点如下： 1. 上课认真听讲，及时复习； 2. 经常用英语交流； 3. 写英文日记。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$