2.专题二 七选五阅读-【高考密码】备战2026年高考英语十年高考真题分类汇编

七选五阅读 01-2025全国一卷 An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. 1.　　  Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 2.　　　 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.  Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 3.　　　 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.  One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 4.　　　 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.  “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 5.　　　 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.  A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else. 答案　 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。在大学校园内的咖啡馆工作十七年之久的Murphy,不仅为学生带去了美味的咖啡,更重要的是用微笑服务给学生们带来了美好的心情和积极向上的精神。 1. E　空前提到大学咖啡厅可以满足短暂休息的需求,还能提供更多的服务。第二段描述了主人公Murphy具体做的事情。E项(这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品,还提供微笑)是对空前句的具体说明,并且可以引出下文Murphy为顾客提供饮品和微笑的内容。故选E。 2. D　空前介绍Murphy穿梭于机器之间做饮品,空后提到顾客从她的手中接过饮品。D项(完成一份订单后,她会喊出杯子上的名字)与前后文构成连贯动作:Murphy制作饮品→喊顾客名字→顾客领取饮品。故选D。 3. C　空前表明Murphy每天按时上班,空后提到她这样做是因为喜欢为学生们做咖啡。空后的so是信号词,由此推断设空处是Murphy的一种做法。C项(有时她到得早是为了早些为学生们服务)进一步说明了她的敬业和为学生服务的热情,同时解释了so的内容。故选C。 4. F　设空处前后都与咖啡馆的一个顾客Joanna Wright相关。空前说她一周至少六天来喝咖啡。空后引用Wright的话来说明Murphy的微笑。F项(去咖啡馆开启了她美好的一天,同时也让她为上课做好了准备)解释了空前她频繁去咖啡馆的原因,选项中的starts her day off good和空后的puts me in a cheerful mood相呼应。故选F。 5. G　后文提到Murphy一心想待在这儿,继续做自己喜欢的事情。G项(她在这里工作了十七年,无法想象在其他地方工作)体现了她对这份工作的热爱和坚持,与后文她想继续留在这里工作相呼应。故选G。 难句分析 One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. 译文　Murphy可能不知道的一件事是她的微笑是有感染力的,能使一个学生比见到她之前有更好的心情和更好的状态。 分析　Murphy may not know是省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰One thing;that引导表语从句。 02-2025全国二卷 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 1.　　　 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.  •You'll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 2.　　  •You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 3.　　　 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.  •4.　　  Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years to come. •You'll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 5.　　　 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.  A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 答案　 语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要介绍了四个意想不到的全家一起做志愿服务的好处。 1. B　本段是照应标题“全家一起做志愿服务的意想不到的好处”的开篇段。前两句提到你是否想找到大人小孩都能参与的能让一家人亲近的方式,后一句具体阐述做志愿服务有你可能知道的助人为乐的好处也有你意想不到的更多对全家人的好处,因此设空处需要起到承上启下的作用。B 项(一家人做志愿服务刚好可能是你所需要的那种方式)能够照应标题,回答前文的问题,同时引出后文。故选 B。 2. G　上一句提到为社区事业投入时间实际上会让你感觉自己有更多的时间。根据本段标题(你将会感觉有了更多的时间)可知, 本段阐述的内容与“时间”有关,G 项中的each day符合语境。故选G。 3. E　设空处位于段首,考虑段落中心句。本段主要阐述的是“定期做志愿服务能活得更长”。空后举例说明55岁及以上的参加志愿活动的人获得的对健康的好处,adults为提示词,所以设空处一定出现了相应的原词或同义表达。E项中的For adults符合语境,E项(对成年人来说,做志愿服务能够提供显著的身体健康方面的好处)也能表达段落主旨。故选 E。 4. C　设空处在小标题位置,考虑段落主旨句。本段第一句提到了“major positive effects”并举例说明;第二句提到了“to affect a teen's well-being”,均围绕“积极的影响”阐述。C项中的effect与段中的effects和affect吻合,teenagers与段中的teenage和teen为同义复现,C项(做志愿服务对孩子和青少年来说有终身的影响)能够很好地概括本段的主旨。故选C。 5. F　前一句提出家庭成员可能会有特别的经历,后一句再次提到something unique,也就是说,设空处需要体现出其他成员以前不知道的“unique”之意。最后一句中的“all your children can feel proud of their work”表明与孩子有关。F项(你甚至可能会得知你的孩子拥有你以前不知道的天赋)符合语境。故选 F。 2024 01-2024新课标Ⅰ Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). 1.　　　 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.  I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 2.　　　 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.  3.　　　 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.  In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4.　　　 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.  For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull(乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 5.　　　 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.  A. I don’t often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don’t want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣。 1. F　上文提到如果你想发表(作品),提交一份完美、专业的原稿是至关重要的。所以设空处应该进一步解释什么样的原稿才是上文所描述的样子。下文又提到,没有哪个编辑可能会容忍一个不愿花心思正确拼写单词的作者。因此设空处所描述的完美原稿应该是“语法正确,没有拼写错误”的。F项中的That指代空前的a perfect, professionally presented manuscript。故选F。 2. B　上文提到作者不信任笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序。设空处对此做出解释:因为“它不考虑上下文”。B项中的It指代空前的spellchecker。故选B。 3. E　设空处位于段首,考虑段落主旨句。空后两个句子的主语都是It,由句意“它应该给出每个单词的准确定义,从而区分意义相似却不相同的单词。它通常也会表明单词是如何发音的”推断,It指的是词典,因此设空处应包含单数的表示词典的字眼。空后的两个句子是对词典功能的阐述,因此设空处也应该描述其功能。E项(当然,词典不仅仅用于拼写)与之相符,故选E。 4. A　上文提到作者廉价买到了一本词典。空后的However提示下文与设空处内容构成转折关系。下文说如果作者需要查一个单词的来源或查找关于其用法的示例,这本词典再好不过了。因此A项(我不经常使用这本词典)符合语境。this dictionary指代上文中的Shorter Oxford Dictionary。 5. D　空前用Samuel Johnson的话表明“编词典是枯燥的工作”,空后的a rewarding experience与空前内容构成转折关系,故设空处需要承上启下,D项(但是阅读词典也可以是一种乐趣)中的a pleasure to read与前面的“To make dictionaries is dull work”构成转折,同时引出下文,故选D。 02-2024新课标Ⅱ Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 1.　　　 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.  •Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 2.　　  •Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 3.　　　 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?  •4.　　　 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.  Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 5.　　　 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.  A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要围绕过度旅游展开讨论并提供应对的建议。 1. B　根据空后的“Certainly not.”判断设空处应填一个疑问句,将答案锁定在B、D两项。后文提到不去旅游会让我们失去一些东西,这是我们无法接受的。比较两个目标选项发现,B项(那么,我们应该停止旅行吗?)与上文旅游的快速增长给特定地区带来了不良影响构成因果关系 ,同时引出下文不能停止旅行的原因。故选B。 技巧点拨　有问才有答。“Certainly not.”意为“当然不”,常用于回答问题。因此,看到表示回答的语句时,要考虑前面应该有问题。 2. C　本段谈论谨慎选择旅游的地点。空前建议读者去非常吸引自己(deeply draws you)的地方旅行,而不是随大溜。C项(旅行是为自己而非他人)是对前文选择非常吸引自己的地方去旅行的进一步阐释。故选C。 3. E　空前提到有很多不那么热门的地方(less-visited options)可供选择,空后建议选择去热门目的地较不出名的景点(lesser-known sights)。E项中的relatively undiscovered和原文中的less-visited、lesser-known呼应。故选E。 4. A　设空处位于段首,考虑段落主旨句。根据主旨句句式一致原则,锁定同为祈使句的A、C、G三项。后文中的skipping major holidays or rush hour(避开重大节假日或高峰时间)与A项中的off-peak times(淡季)呼应,且后文提到了淡季旅行的好处,因此A 项(在淡季旅行)符合本段主旨。故选A。 5. G　由空后的the people there判断应该提到一个地方。G项中的the communities you’re visiting与空后的there呼应,且与空前句同为祈使句,是作者提出的建议:保护旅行目的地的特色以及回馈所参观的地区。故选G。 2023 01-2023新课标Ⅰ Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错) is human. 1 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 2 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 3 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 4 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It's something of a cliché（陈词滥调） that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. 5 We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是说明文（总—分—总结构），主题语境是积极的生活态度，主要介绍了在错误面前如何学会适度自我原谅。 1. D 细节句。空前提到为错误承担责任是好的，但不要因为错误过分自责，人都会犯错。后句提到使用下面的写作训练来做到这一点（do this）。代词this提示设空处要提到某一种做法。D项（给自己一些宽恕同样重要）中的show yourself some forgiveness与后句中的do this呼应。故选D。 2. B细节句。本段主要说的是“Personal strengths”。空后用一系列问句点明个人优点的具体内容。最后一句中的aspects of your personality that you're proud of与B项中的characteristics you like about yourself呼应。且B项与下一段第二句句式一致（list all the...），代入原文中语义连贯。故选B。 3. F总结句。本段主要说的是“Acts of kindness”。第二句提到列举所有你为他人做过的好事，第三句举例说明——帮朋友做作业，主动熨衣服，在家人累了一天后做饼干。这些都是很小的事情，与F项中的no matter how small it might seem呼应。F项中的write it down与文中的list呼应。故选F。 4. C过渡句。前一句提到让朋友或家人帮助在清单上添加内容，后一句提到以这种方式，你可以和朋友或家人交换想法。浏览选项可以发现，C项中的They呼应前一句中的a friend or family member，代入原文后与前后文衔接自然。故选C。 5. G过渡句。本段主要说的是人们从错误中学习。G项中的mistake与本段首句的mistakes呼应，G项中的isn't a fixed aspect of your personality与后句中的all changing and learning呼应。故选G。 重点词汇 responsibility n.责任；义务 creative adj.有创造力的;有创意的 generous adj.慷慨的；大方的 aspect n.方面；层面 exchange vt.交换；交流 boost self-confidence增强自信心 02-2023新课标Ⅱ As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 1. You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come. ·Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 2. ·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 3. Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. 4. Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. 5. Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A. Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don't throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 答案 [语篇解读]本文为说明文（总—分—总结构），主题语境是丰富自我。作者就初学者如何开启绘画之旅提出了四条建议。最后提醒读者绘画之路是艰辛的，只有坚持努力，才能有所收获。 1. C细节句。设空处位于段中，考虑细节补充。空后说你会想要回顾你的旅程，看看你已经走了多远。由此可推知，想要回顾，就要看beginner art（初学作品）。故选C。 2. G过渡句。设空处位于段末，考虑承上启下或者归纳概括。本段的主题句是“Paint often and paint from life.”，后文由此展开。put in those brush miles和as much as possible都是对paint often的说明。最后概括：你会形成绘画肌肉记忆，这种记忆只能通过重复来实现。故选G。 3. A细节句。设空处位于段中，考虑细节补充。本段的主题句是“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.”。具体的做法就是走出舒适区，去尝试新的事物，接受新的挑战。故选A。 4. D主旨句。设空处位于段首，考虑段落主题句。空后说寻求和接受建设性的反馈对成长至关重要。想要得到反馈，就要分享自己的作品。作者以自身为例，讲了自己上传作品后得到积极反馈的经历。post my work是share的方式之一。故选D。 5. E细节句。设空处位于段中，考虑细节补充。前一句说你的绘画之路不会一帆风顺，所以“你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁”符合语境。故选E。 2022 01-2022新高考Ⅰ 　　Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “　1　” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.  So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. 　2　 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.  You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. 　3　 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.  My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 　4　  You and your partner will probably have different skills. 　5　 Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.  A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else. D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了健身搭档的重要性和找搭档的注意事项。 1.C　细节句。设空处讲的是感谢你的健身搭档的第二个原因。C项以You'll开头,与第一个原因句式一致,故选C。 2.D　细节句。上一句说要确定找搭档的目的,设空处及下一句Or do you just want...是两个目的。D项与设空处下一句均是一般疑问句,且句式相似,故选D。 3.B　细节句。上一句指出在社交媒体上寻找搭档可能不会让你得到一个有用的回应。下一句指出搭档必须属于同一个健身房,由此可知搭档要与自己住得近。 4.G　总结句。上文一系列的信息与G项中的such information呼应。 5.F　细节句。上文说你和你的搭档可能会有不同的技能,下一句说经过一段时间,你们两个都将受益,所以此处表示应接受不同点并且学会合作,故选F。 02-2022新高考Ⅱ 　　Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 　1　 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 　2　 Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.  The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 　3　 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.  The third technique is to try printing out a triple⁃spaced(三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 　4　 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 　5　 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.  A.Make sure your handwriting is neat. B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C.The second draft of the essay should be better. D.First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F.Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise. G.Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple⁃space. 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了三种写文章的简单技巧。 1.D　主旨句。上文提到学会应用三种简单技巧,接下来应介绍第一条,对应D项里的First of all;下文中的write nonstop对应D项中的nonstop writing。 2.B　细节句。上文提到要不停地写并保持放松和不受限制的状态,故B项“让笔随心。”符合语境。 3.E　过渡句。上文表明要快速打草稿而不要担心完美程度,下文则说:然而,通过学会与不完美共存,你会省去很多烦恼。E项“太多作者试图一次性把草稿写对。”中的right(正确)与上文中的perfect(完美)对应。 4.F　过渡句。设空处上句提到要打印出一份三倍行距留有修改空间的稿子,下句则说:结果,这些作者决不会形成划掉大块草稿在空白处写修改内容的习惯。F项“很多初写文章的作者不留出足够的修改空间。”承接上文的“留出修改空间”,而“不留出足够的修改空间”引出下文的无法形成在空白处写修改内容的习惯。三句中的线索词是space和revise/revision。 5.G　过渡句。上文提到在第一次草稿被改得无处下笔后,把你的修改输入文字处理软件,下文表明这样处理后形成的空白可以使你再次修改。G项“然后再次将你的文稿设置成三倍行距打出一份新草稿。”承接上文,引出下文,衔接得当。关键词print out和triple⁃space对应本段第一句主题句。 2021 01-2021新高考Ⅰ 　　My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 　1　 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth⁃floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.  The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管)worked. 　2　 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.  Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 　3　 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.  　4　 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!  In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency(效率). You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 　5　 When do these people work? The French take their 35⁃hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.  A.Not all the customers are tourists. B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者主要介绍了自己和丈夫在巴黎体验当地生活的经历。 1.F　过渡句。文章第一句提到丈夫和自己在巴黎待了一周;设空处之后提到他们租了一套公寓(rent a fantastically expensive sixth⁃floor apartment),句子以So开始,说明和前面设空处所选的句子构成因果关系。选项F表示作者夫妇“想开始像真正的巴黎人那样生活”,与后面的句子正好是因果关系,因此F项为正确选项。 2.C　细节句。设空处前一句提到作者租的公寓水管好用,后一句提到他们所在的楼还有一个小型电梯,这些都是关于公寓设施的。由此可推断设空处应该也是有关公寓的设施。C项提到厨房和床,属于公寓设施,故选C项。 3.G　细节句。设空处前面一句中提到巴黎人吃得好还不变胖,后面两句中提到法国的草莓吃进嘴里就像美味的小炸弹炸开一样(explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs),这个比喻说明草莓很好吃。G项中提到法国的食物很美味,人们不需要吃很多就很开心。句中delicious与like little flavor bombs相对应,也说明了法国人不变胖的原因(不需要吃很多就开心了)。 4.E　过渡句。选项E中That指代上文所提到的情况(法国食物美味,他们不需要吃很多),整个句子意为“那不是法国人比我们吃得少的唯一原因”。由此可知,这句话后面应该写另外的原因。设空处之后提到作者在当地买了一些美味的水果,但是要花费18美元(But they cost $18!)。最后一句话中作者用了But表示转折,句末用了感叹号表明其吃惊的语气,言外之意为价格过高(法国人会买得很少)。这些描写正好与E项表述吻合。 5.A　细节句。设空处前面一句提到法国咖啡馆总是拥挤的。选项A意为“不是所有的顾客都是游客”(也就是说还有很多法国本地人)。句中的customers与前面的French cafés相对应。故选A。 02-2021新高考Ⅱ 　　If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 　1　  ●Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes.　2　  ●　3　Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading, etc. This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.  ●If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. 　4　 A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.  ●Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. 　5　 Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.  A.Stop to have a rest now and then. B.Spend a few minutes looking through the book. C.This depends on the type of book you are reading. D.Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed. E.Make a note of any page which is of special importance. F.You may find yourself having to learn something by heart. G.Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy. 答案　 1.D　2.G　3.B　4.C　5.E　 2020 01-2020新高考Ⅰ 　　Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 　1　 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.  People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”　2　 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.  Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one. 　3　  Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.　4　 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.  　5　 It's rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably can't count the times that you've thought,“I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.  A.Do the opposite. B.You want to be an effective public speaker. C.You don't need to apologize for a minor slip. D.When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了要想成为优秀演讲者必须掌握的原则。 1.G　细节句。设空处前一句Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking中,Some individuals对应G项中the majority of people,born with a gift对应G项中train to be。结合下文讲到训练的四个原则,可知G项(然而,大多数的人都是因为他们受过训练而成为给人深刻印象的演讲者的)为最佳答案。 2.A　过渡句。由本段第二句(通常,当你站起来演讲时,你关注的是“公众”而不是“演讲”)以及第四句(要专注于演讲)可知设空处前后句是两种截然不同的做法。故选A项(做相反的事)。 3.C　细节句。由本段第一句(即使是最成功的演说家也会犯错误)和第四、五句(事实上,大多数人只大约吸收了演讲者信息的20%。所以,当你犯错误时,不要停止演讲,除非是非常严重的错误)可知C项(你没有必要为你的小疏漏道歉)符合逻辑。a minor slip对应第五句中的a truly serious one。 4.B　细节句。本段第一句Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker中的a perfect public speaker对应B项中的an effective public speaker。设空处后一句And like everything else in life, that takes practice中的that也指代B选项的内容。因此B项(你想成为一个给人深刻印象的公众演说家)是最佳选项。 5.D　主旨句。根据本段内容尤其是最后两句Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end可知,D项When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more(说到公开演讲,通常少些更好)概括了本段的核心内容。 02-2020新高考Ⅱ Talking with your doctor Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 　1　  ●Stay positive. Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude.　2　 Think teamwork! Think positive!  ●Keep track of how you are feeling. 　3　This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状)and how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.  ●　4　  Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic(过敏)to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor. ●Ask questions. Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.　5　Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.  A.This will make getting answers easier. B.Here are some tips for talking with your doctor. C.You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work. D.Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling. E.Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side. F.Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines. G.Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information. 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文,讲述了与医生谈话的几个小建议。 1.B　过渡句。根据设空前内容可知,与你的医生交流可以让你感觉好些并能向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息,以便为你提供最好的护理。不要害怕讨论困扰你的事情或为此感到尴尬。再结合下文为几条具体的建议可知,B项承上启下,符合题意,故选B。 2.E　细节句。根据下文“teamwork”可知,E项Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.与此呼应,故选E。 3.D　细节句。根据标题和设空后内容可知,本段强调了“记录感受”的作用,D项Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.与之呼应,故选D。 4.F　主旨句。根据文中“Your medical history is...your doctor.”可知,本段是关于病史和过敏药物的,F项Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.符合本段主题,故选F。 5.A　细节句。设空前说明了把要问的问题写下来并把清单带上,A项This will make getting answers easier.说明了这样的好处,前后为因果关系,故选A。 课标全国卷（2015—2024） 2024 2024全国甲 What is moderation(适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 1.　　　 But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.  Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 2.　　　 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.  Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 3.　　  Control emotional(情绪的) eating. 4.　　　 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.  5.　　　 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.  A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 语篇解读　本文是说明文,主要介绍了如何适度饮食,包括放慢进食速度、尽可能与他人共同进餐、控制情绪化饮食以及全天合理安排饮食。 1. F　空前提到了“moderation(适度)”的概念,即吃身体所需的食物量。空后提到这并不意味着要放弃你喜欢的食物。设空处需承上启下,对“moderation(适度)”的概念进一步解释,并引出后句。F项(对于我们许多人来说,适度意味着吃得比现在少)符合语境。moderation是上文的原词复现,“moderation means...”也和空后句“But it doesn’t mean...”构成转折。 2. C　本段首句提到要放慢速度(段落主旨),第二句进一步说明把食物当作营养品而不只是会议间隙吃的东西(something to eat in between meetings)。C项(不要在上班路上匆忙吞下食物)呼应段落主旨,且承接第二句语境。 3. E　前句提到如果身边有不健康的零食(unhealthy snacks)就会更难做到适量饮食。E项(相反,要让自己周围充满健康的选择)符合此处语境。前句中的unhealthy和E项中的healthy形成对比。 4. B　后一句的also提示设空处与后一句构成并列关系。后一句说很多人为了应对负面情绪而吃东西,所以设空处也应该说明人们吃东西的目的。B项(我们吃东西并不总是仅仅为了填饱肚子)与之相符。 5. A　设空处位于段首,考虑段落主旨句。后文提到了健康早餐(A healthy breakfast)的重要性,避免深夜进食(Avoid eating late at night),早点吃晚餐以及晚餐与第二天早餐之间禁食14—16个小时(fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning),强调了全天合理饮食的必要性,因此A 项(全天合理饮食)适合做段落主旨句。 熟词生义　fast 熟义:adj.快速的　生义:v.禁食 2023 01-2023全国乙 Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 1. , but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species(物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 2. . Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “3. . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases， such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 4. . Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants. “5 .,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 答案 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文（总—分结构），主题语境是人与植物，主要介绍了室内植物的定义、益处并给出了选择室内植物的建议。 1. B细节句。设空处位于段中，考虑细节补充。根据空后的逗号可知，设空处所填内容非整句，再结合逗号后的but可知，逗号前后内容并列。浏览选项可以发现，B项中的Not only可以与but（省略了also）连用，表示“不仅……而且……”，代入原文后意义连贯，表示“它们不仅好看，而且研究表明它们能够通过改善心情、减轻压力和提高记忆力来提升人们的幸福感”。故选B。 2. D细节句。设空处位于段尾，考虑细节补充或概括总结。前一句说在英国，尤其是在冬天，这些物种中有很多不太适合在室外生长。浏览选项可以发现，D项意为“相反，它们在更温暖的室内长得更好”。inside与前一句中的outside构成反义关系，warmer与前一句中的in the winter构成对比关系，呼应Instead。故选D。 3. C主旨句。本段主要讲的是室内植物对你有好处的原因。后文中的“lift your mood”“improve creativity, focus and memory”“clean the air around them”以及“remove some harmful chemicals”都是在具体讲室内植物的好处，C项（种植室内植物有许多好处）能起到总领后文的作用，故选C。 4. E细节句。设空处位于段尾，考虑细节补充或概括总结。上文提到了室内植物的种种好处。pot plants提示设空处有相关信息。浏览选项可以发现，E项承接上文，以功效最好的两种盆栽——和平芋和魔鬼藤作为实例进一步补充说明植物净化空气的作用。故选E。 5. G细节句。设空处是引语的前半部分。本题的解题关键是空后的It，它所代指的内容就是设空处或者包含在设空处中。引语后半部分意为“它能给人们的生活带来新的兴趣和关注点，并有助于建立家与自然之间的纽带”。浏览选项可以发现，意思能与之衔接的是G项（了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的），引语的后半部分具体解释rewarding。故选G。 02-2023全国甲 Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There's one answer:1. . In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ·Practice gratitude(感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2. . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ·Make yourself wait Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.3. . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. 4. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself,“5. .” You'll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是完善自我。本文介绍了成为一个更加有耐心的人的技巧。 1. G过渡句。前一句引用了一个谜语，该谜语的意思是“交通拥堵、排长队和等待假期开始这些情况有什么共同点？”，设空处内容是该谜语的谜底，并且该空位于第一段，应起到引入主题、总领全文的作用。结合选项可知，G选项（这些都是我们需要多点耐心的情况）既能概括谜语中提到的三种情况，又能起到引入主题的作用。故选G。 2. E细节句。该空位于小标题“Practice gratitude”下面。前一句说明了感激的好处，但并没有将感激与耐心相结合。后一句说明了表达感激可以培养自制力。由此可以推断，设空处应该说明感激与耐心的关系。分析选项可知，只有E选项阐述了感激与耐心的关系，其中的It指thankfulness，并且also起到承接上文的作用。故选E。 3. B过渡句。前一句指出养成等待这一习惯的唯一方法就是去训练，后一句用具体的例子（推迟看最喜欢的节目，吃蛋糕前多等十分钟）说明应如何训练。由此可知，设空处应该阐述如何训练，并与下文所举的例子相呼应。B选项就是训练指导，且small tasks与后文举的例子相呼应。故选B。 4. C主旨句。设空处是本段小标题。根据前面两个小标题的特点可知，设空处应该用祈使句，符合其特点的是A、B、C三个选项，B选项已排除；结合本段中的“being comfortable is the only...experience something outside of our comfort zone”可推知，C选项（接受不适）符合语境。故选C。 5. F细节句。后一句提到“那样你就会逐渐变得更有耐心”，从then可以看出此句与前一句为顺承关系，由此推知，设空处应该是介绍怎么处理“不舒适”的情况，作者劝告读者怎么去做，所以F选项“这仅仅是不舒适，而不是无法忍受”符合题意。由本段中的关键词comfortable、tolerate也可以推知设空处作者给的劝告与此相关。故选F。 长难句 So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. 译文 我们中的许多人认为，舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心。 分析 本句是主从复合句。that引导同位语从句，与名词belief是同位关系。在该从句中，并列连词and连接两个并列分句：在第一个分句中，动名词短语“being comfortable”作主语，“we will tolerate”是一个省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词state；在第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。 重点词汇 trick n.诀窍;技巧；诡计;把戏patience n.耐心；忍耐力；毅力benefit n.益处；好处foster v.培养；收养 2022 01-2022全国乙 　　Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long⁃distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long⁃lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact(联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 　1　.  ·More isn't always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 　2　. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.  ·Practise empathy(共情) 　3　. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.  ·　4　  Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long⁃distance friendships. Although technology might make day⁃to⁃day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don't rely on technology alone 　5　, but long⁃distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face⁃to⁃face time together whenever possible.  A.Remember important dates B.Compensate by writing letters C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章提供了五个教你保持远距离的友谊的方法。 1.D　细节句。第一个方法是固定联系时间,设空处前一句表示“在很忙的情况下,挤时间打电话不是一件容易的事”,D项“努力找到一个双方都方便的时间并坚持下去”符合语境。 2.E　细节句。根据设空处前一句中的what method works best for you both可知,此处建议朋友之间也要谈论一下彼此喜欢的交流方式,故选E项。 3.G　细节句。本文关注的是远距离的友谊,说明朋友是分隔两地的,设空处后一句中提到了The friend who is remaining和the friend who has moved,分别指留下来的朋友和离开的朋友,这与G项中的the friend who left和the one who was left behind相呼应。 4.A　主旨句。此段中提到了Anniversaries(周年纪念日)、birthdays(生日)以及other important dates(其他重要的日子),这都是在告诉我们要记住重要的日子,故选A项。 5.F　细节句。小标题已提出建议——不要只依赖科技手段,最后一句中也提到了要花时间面对面交流,所以设空处所在句子想表达的是:通过社交媒体让朋友间产生建立了良好关系的感觉很容易,但是远距离的友谊可能需要更多刻意的努力来维持,故选F项。 02-2022全国甲 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 　1　. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.  Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 　2　.  Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 　3　, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.  Making Requests 　4　. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.  Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 　5　, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.  A.The more friends you make in your lifetime B.The more time you spend in any given country C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了外出就餐时需要了解的与文化有关的餐饮礼节。 1.D　过渡句。上句指出与文化有关的餐饮礼节中的一些重要规则可能会让你大吃一惊。 下句指出了无论你在世界的哪个地方,知道一些提示将有助于确保你与朋友或家人一起愉快地吃一顿饭。D项“不要被人发现在餐馆犯了一个令人尴尬的错误”衔接上下文。 2.F　细节句。根据小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知本部分讲的是使用筷子的规矩。上句指出吃饭间隙放下筷子的时候,一定要把它们放在一起,和你面前的桌子边缘平行这一恰当做法。F项“不要把筷子直直地插在食物上,也不要在使用筷子时把它们交叉”说的是使用筷子的错误做法,F项中的them指代chopsticks,符合行文逻辑。 3.C　细节句。根据小标题“Hands or Utensils”并结合下文可知本部分讲的是不同国家的人们就餐时用手还是用餐具的不同习俗。设空处的上下文说明了印度和中东、法国、智利、泰国的就餐方式。结合设空处后面提到的“而是更喜欢用手”可知,C项“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”符合语境。 4.G　细节句。根据小标题“Making Requests”可知本部分讲的是“发出请求”。下文指出了在葡萄牙和意大利,发出请求将是一个严重的错误,因为这表明你不喜欢厨师的调味技术。G项“吃饭时要盐和胡椒粉似乎是一个简单的请求”符合语境。下句中的“this”指代G项中描述的这一请求。 5.B　细节句。根据设空处后面的逗号和“the more comfortable...”可将答案锁定在A、B两项,构成“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”这一句型。下文指出“你就会开始对这个国家的异域文化习俗感到越舒服”,B项“你在上述任何一个国家待的时间越长”符合语境。下文中的“its”对应B项中的“any given country”。 2021 01-2021全国乙 　　According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. 　1　, if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.  People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to.　2　, it can bring in “I have this old, broken⁃down vehicle”or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.”It just opens up conversation.  　3　? If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台). If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.　4　.  And what about that other dinner⁃party killer: awkward silence? If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬).　5　. Just quickly turn around and say,“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”  So being interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard. A.How do you know the host B.The first step is to go exploring C.If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。作者主要介绍了杰西卡·哈吉的书中讲到的几种在人际交往中让自己有趣的小窍门。 1.B　主旨句。文章第一段提到让自己在宴会上有趣并不难。下文应该讲具体的方法是什么,B项中的“The first step”符合语篇逻辑结构。其次,本段第二句中的be adventurous,trying different foods and talking to strangers与B选项中的go exploring对应,所以B项是正确的。 2.C　细节句。设空处前一句提到如果你能以一个不同的问题开启对话,那么你会跟对方有一个更有趣的交流。根据关键词question,将答案锁定在选项C。其次,设空处后的代词it应该指代设空处所说的问题,后面部分中提到的“vehicle”和“bus”指的是交通方式,和C选项中 “How did you get here?”相对应,结合上述两点可知选C。 3.F　主旨句。设空处后面为问号,所选的句子应该是疑问句,可锁定A项和F项。根据设空处后面两句可知本段主要讲的是如何应对某一部分参加聚会的人。原文“If you can't take their wine away...”中的wine对应F项中的drink一词,soapbox对应talking一词,可知要应对的是喝酒太多或话多的人。故选F项。 4.E　细节句。本段主旨是如何应对喝酒太多或话多的人。设空处前一句讲的是应对他的一种方式——将他支开(ask them to help you in the kitchen)。E项中的have little to say与第3空主旨句的won't stop talking相对应,由此可知设空处讲的是另一种应对的方法,所以可以确定E项是正确的。 5.G　过渡句。设空处前面讲到可以通过赞扬主人来化解沉默的尴尬,最后一句讲到“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”,这是一句赞扬主人的话。设空处所选句子处于两句中间,应该提到主人,G项中的He or she对应的是上文的the host,awkwardness对应的是本段第一句中的awkward silence,由此可知G项正确。 02-2021全国甲 Swap, Don't Shop! You keep hearing about recycling, right?But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly⁃good⁃but⁃you're⁃maybe⁃a⁃little⁃sick⁃of⁃them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?　1　. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.  A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do!Here are a few pointers. ●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection.　2　, and there may not be enough things to choose from;more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.  ●　3　. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.  ●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 　4　. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.  ●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 　5　. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!  A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。作者主要描述了如何通过交换衣服,从而实现保护环境的目的。 1.B　细节句。设空处前一句提出问题,设空处应该做出回答,根据标题中的Swap及第一段中不断出现的关键词clothing,我们可以快速锁定B项,设空处后一句中的代词It指的是举办服饰交换聚会这件事。 2.A　细节句。根据设空处前句提到的“邀请5至10人”及设空处后面的there may not be enough things to choose from及more than that可知,“邀请5至10人”与A选项Less people than that相呼应,that指代5至10人这一信息,there may not be enough things to choose from则是Less people than that所产生的后果,与it becomes uncontrollable形成对比。 3.G　主旨句。设空处与上下段的首句句式保持一致,即应是祈使句。G选项中的everyone与设空处后句的主语They相对应。此外,设空处后句的also表明前后是并列关系,说明此空有与prepare相关的动作,这一点与选项G中的bring clean clothes in good condition相符。 4.F　细节句。设空处前句表示将不同类型的衣物放置在房间的不同面上,此处表示让前来交换衣物的朋友们将自己带来的衣物放置在正确的位置。前句中的Put...on different surfaces 对应了F选项中的put...in the right spots,surfaces和spots两者说的都是位置,前后句之间衔接十分紧密,顺承关系明显。 5.D　细节句。由空后的And可知,前后应该是并列关系,再结合句意“不要忘记准备好一些曲奇饼和水果”以及Remember, it's a party!可知此处是与party相关的内容,选项D“让音乐一直播放着”符合语境。 2020 01-2020全国Ⅰ A Few Tips for Self⁃Acceptance We all want it...to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 　1　 Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.  ●　2　 Do not follow the people who make you feel not⁃good⁃enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.  ●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 　3　 You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心的) response? “That didn't go as planned. But, I tried my best.”  ●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 　4　  ●Now that you've listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 　5　 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?  A.Feeling upset again? B.Where do you start? C.Nothing is too small to celebrate. D.Remember, you are only human. E.Set an intention for self⁃acceptance. F.Stop comparing yourself with others. G.When does the comparison game start? 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。每个人都想接纳和爱自己,但有时候这并不是件易事,因此我们需要学习一些自我接纳的小技巧。本文就此给出了建议。 1.B　过渡句。由设空处前一句(但有时它似乎太困难,太遥不可及)及后一句(下面是一些可以让你找到正确的方向的方法)可知, B项“Where do you start?(你从哪里开始呢?)”从问题过渡到下文解决问题的办法,符合逻辑。 2.F　主旨句。本段中“Do not follow the people who make you feel not⁃good⁃enough.”和“your life is better than theirs”对应F项的关键词comparing,故选F项(停止拿自己和别人比较)。 3.D　细节句。由本段第一句可知本段讲的是原谅自己所犯的错。由设空处后一句“You will make mistakes, time and time again.(你会反复犯错误)”可知D项(记住,你只是一个人)给出了原因。 4.C　细节句。本段第四句话中的“accomplishments and achievements”对应C项中的“celebrate”,设空处前一句中的“got out of bed today”对应C项中的“small”。因此C项(再小的事也值得庆祝)是最佳选项。 5.A　过渡句。由本段第一句中的“you've listed your strengths, list your imperfections”及后文可知,阅读有关strengths和achievements的日志时,感觉是awesome,而阅读imperfections的日志时感觉自然就是upset。故A项符合文意。 02-2020全国Ⅱ Emoji(表情符号)and Workplace Communication In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 　1　. It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.  Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 　2　, encouraging better and more frequent communication.  In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 　3　. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.  There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 　4　. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.  　5　, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.  A.Messages with emojis feel more conversational B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了在工作场合使用表情符号的几个优点。 1.D　过渡句。these是对上一句中messaging platforms的指代,the popularity照应下一句中76 percent of employees...are using emojis at work。且空前讲的是亚洲地区的情况,空后说明了西方国家的现状,与globally照应。故D项是最佳选项。 2.A　细节句。上一句说使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情,让意图清楚,设空处进一步讲述表情符号在交流中的功能。故选A项(使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更具有会话性)。 3.G　细节句。本段首句表明雇员的年龄范围从22到70及以上,找到一个共同的交流方式可能是个挑战。设空处具体解释应对挑战的方法。故选G项。 4.B　细节句。这一段阐明表情符号在语气中的作用。上一句为电子邮件如此令人烦恼,设空处衔接上文,甚至正式的电子邮件也会冰冷和不友好。故选B项。 5.F　主旨句。根据本段内容,尤其是后半句的that positive outcome可以推测此处为主旨句,表示“研究表明更为友好的交流有助于建立更快乐的工作氛围”。 因此,F项是最佳选项。 03-2020全国Ⅲ 　　A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 　1　 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.  　2　 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.  　3　 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 　4　  Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 　5　 Now most homes have central heating and don't use fires to keep warm.  A.This isn't usual though. B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D.If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了搬进新家时举办的乔迁派对(俗称温居)。 1.E　细节句。设空处前面提到在这个派对上亲友们可以祝贺组织者买了新房子,设空处下句说在派对上可以用爱和礼物充实新家。由此可知此处讲的是乔迁派对的功能。E项符合语境,选项中的chance是关键词,It指代前面的The party。 2.B　主旨句。设空处后面的几句话中都提到了人们参加乔迁派对要准备礼物。选项B是对下面几句话的概括。 3.C　主旨句。设空处后的句子提到在乔迁派对上主人准备的食物不多,可见客人们可以带吃的东西过去。C项与此对应。 4.A　过渡句。设空处前面主要讲因为主人刚搬家不久,所以客人们可能被要求帮助拆开箱子,拿出东西。A项中的“This”就是指代“people may be asked to help unpack boxes”,且“isn't usual”与“Sometimes”呼应。 5.G　细节句。设空处前面提到乔迁派对的起源:很久以前人们会把木柴作为礼物带到新居,与G项行文逻辑上保持一致。 2019 01-2019课标全国Ⅰ Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 　1　According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.  　2　If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life⁃giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.  Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 　3　In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 　4　It gives us a great feeling of peace.  　5　While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial vitamin D. To make sure you get enough vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of vitamin D.  A.Fresh air cleans our lungs. B.So what are you waiting for? C.Being in nature refreshes us. D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章围绕新鲜空气是否对我们有好处这一话题进行阐述。 1.E　过渡句。设空处前句提到 “go out and get some fresh air”,设空处后一句是针对提问的回答“the answer is a big YES”,而E项是一个一般疑问句,且与呼吸新鲜空气有关,符合语境。 2.A　主旨句。设空处后面一整段都是在阐述呼吸新鲜空气的好处,而空气的呼吸与A项中的lungs有联系,所以选择A项。 3.G　细节句。设空处前一句中的关键词healing与G项中的Healing对应,G项中的recovery与设空处后一句中的recovery对应。此外,G项中出现Healing Gardens,后一句马上出现In these places来指代它,因此选G项。 4.C　过渡句。根据本段的第三句In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.可知,此段讲了接近大自然有助于病人的康复,C项中的in nature与In these places有关,空后一句中的It就是Being in nature。所以C项最符合上下文语境。 5.D　主旨句。设空处后一句中的the sun's rays与D项中的sunlight对应。而D项中的Another side benefit of getting fresh air又是对前面段落中阐述呼吸新鲜空气有好处的延伸,因此D项是最佳选项。 02-2019课标全国Ⅱ 　　Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 　1　 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.  　2　 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.  You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 　3　 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity (清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.  Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 　4　 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.  Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 　5　 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.  You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A.This can affect your work. B.So how should you motivate yourself? C.However, this should not discourage you. D.So why should we try to set specific goals? E.They can change according to circumstances. F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G.Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章从介绍动机和目标开始,告诉我们如何确立正确的动机和目标对我们更有益。 1.G　过渡句。由设空处上句话Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.(动机和目标的设定是一件事情的两个方面。)和设空处下句Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.(就像跳水板上的孩子一样,你会犹豫不决)可知,中间需要加一个过渡的句子:若没有动机……。故选G。 2.B　主旨句。设空处后面的how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal是引出该段话题或是对主旨句的进一步说明。选项B中的motivate yourself和stay motivated由more than that连接起来。故选B。 3.A　过渡句。根据设空处前的There are times when your heart is not in your work.(有时你的心会不在你的工作上。)可知,接下来会说这样做的后果(影响你的工作)。故选A。 4.E　细节句。设空处前面的句子提到Remember that goals are flexible.(要记得目标是灵活的。),接下来可能会接着解释它们会改变。选项E中的They与上句话中的goals指代一致。故选E。 5.C　过渡句。由设空处上句话中的you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough可知,接下来会告诉我们解决这个问题的办法。根据设空处下句话中的You should reassess your goals可知应该先是精神上不泄气,再是行为上的重新评估目标,选C项。 03-2019课标全国Ⅲ 　　In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 　1　 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance.  Do's ●　2　 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.  ●Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open⁃ended forums for dialogue. 　3　 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.  Don'ts ●Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 　4　  ●Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 　5　 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.  A.That's what they are for. B.Turn to an online instructor for help. C.If more information is needed, they will ask. D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E.Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners. F.Everyone has taken a not⁃so⁃great class at one time or another. G.Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章针对如何与在线课程教授沟通为学生提出了一些建议。 1.E　过渡句。设空处前提出与在线(online)课程教授有着良好的沟通很重要,下文介绍了该做的和不该做的事情,因此答案为E项。 2.G　主旨句。根据Do's和Don'ts中各段首句的特点可知,设空处为主题句并且是祈使句,设空处后一句中的关键词Questions与G项中的questions对应,因此答案为G项。 3.A　细节句。由设空处前面的句子Participate in discussion forums, blogs and other open⁃ended forums for dialogue.中的关键信息可知,A项中的That指代dialogue,they指代discussion forums, blogs and other open⁃ended forums,因此答案为A项。 4.C　细节句。本段建议学生不要和教授聊个人话题,你在说完后,如果有必要,教授会进一步向你提问,因此答案为C项。 5.F　细节句。本段建议学生如果对教授的课程有意见,不要公开发表不满,F项提到每个人都曾经上过不太好的课,与前后文内容相关联,因此答案为F项。 2018 01-2018课标全国Ⅰ 　　Color is fundamental in home design—something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?　1　, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.  Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.　2　, they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.  　3　. They're the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.  Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.　4　. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.  The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.　5　.  A.While all of them are useful B.Whatever you're looking for C.If you're experimenting with a color D.Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with E.It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了在家居装修时选择颜色的方法。 1.B　细节句。上文提出了三个问题,本句应该对上文的问题做出回应,B项符合语境,句意为“无论你在寻求什么样的房间,要想让房间给你想要的感觉,颜色至关重要”。B项中的looking for为原词再现。 2.A　细节句。上句指出,在过去的这些年,有很多不同的技巧帮助设计者达到这重要的一点。本句应该对这些技巧做出回应,A项符合语境,其中的all of them代指上句中的different techniques。 3.D　主旨句。上段末尾指出了需要做出的三个决定(the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones)。根据最后两段首句(Medium color choices...和The large color decisions...)可知,这两段分别介绍了后两个决定,结合段落内容可知本段介绍第一个决定,故D项符合段落主题。 4.G　过渡句。空格前的句子列举了中等物件的例子,空格后由and连接的两个分句从两方面与小物件的颜色选择进行了比较,故G项符合语境。two major ways与下句内容一致。 5.F　细节句。上文指出,在对大物件的颜色做出选择时,付出的时间、精力和相关的费用都很多,F项为该话题的延续,符合语境。 02-2018课标全国Ⅱ 　　If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed!With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.　1　Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.  ●Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.　2　  ●Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start.　3　If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.  ●　4　Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.  ●　5　If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.  There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long. A.You will stick to your diet. B.Your quality of sleep improves. C.You prefer healthy food to fast food. D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E.You can keep your head clear for 4—10 hours after exercise. F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up! 答案　 [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。早上锻炼不仅有利于身体健康,而且还可以提高效率、促进新陈代谢、提高睡眠质量并帮你保持良好的饮食习惯。 1.G　过渡句。空格前的句子指出在繁忙的生活中很难找到时间锻炼,空格后的句子则指出了早上锻炼具有许多益处,G项意为“如果你计划定期锻炼或者现在正在锻炼,那么注意听!”,能很好地连接上下文。 2.E　细节句。本段指出早上锻炼有助于提高效率,让你更加清醒地处理这一天的事情,E项意为“锻炼后的4到10个小时内,你可以保持清醒的头脑”。awake与E项中的keep your head clear意思一致。 3.F　细节句。F项中的“continue to burn calories throughout the day”与设空处后句中的“will be getting the calorie burning benefits for the whole day”意义一致,故F项正确。 4.B　主旨句。本段指出,研究发现早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡眠更好,故B项符合本段主旨,意为“你的睡眠质量会提高”。 5.A　主旨句。阅读本段可知,早上锻炼,你会更有可能全天坚持健康饮食,因为你不想因为吃垃圾食品而毁掉锻炼的积极效果。A项符合本段主旨,意为“你会坚持你的饮食习惯”。stick to为原词再现。 03-2018课标全国Ⅲ Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between. 　1　 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.  “I adore dancing,”says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 　2　 It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life.”  　3　 “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 　4　”  So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier?Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 　5　 I find it hard to stop!Dancing reminds me I'm alive.”  A.So why do we dance? B.Dance in the U.S. is everywhere. C.If you like dancing outdoors, come to America. D.My older students say it makes them feel young. E.I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired. F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing. 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与社会。作者首先描述了跳舞在美国的受欢迎程度,接着描述了自己一生为跳舞疯狂的生活。 1.B　本句为主旨句。空格位于段首,空格后描述跳舞在美国的流行程度,由此可知到处都能看到美国人在跳舞,与B项吻合。 2.D　本句为过渡句。空格前作者用直接引语的方式描述了“教舞蹈简直太美妙了”。空格后句子中出现的代词them指代的就是Bridges所教的学生。D项中的students和them相对应,所以答案为D项。 3.A　本句为主旨句。空格位于段首,后面以一对年轻夫妻为例说明了跳舞给他们带来的好处,回答了A项(那么,我们为什么要跳舞呢?)的问题。 4.F　本句为细节句。空格前描述这对夫妻刚来到舞蹈班时情绪低落,当他们离开的时候脸上露出了微笑。这与F项(舞蹈好像彻底改变了他们的情绪。)相符。 5.E　本句为过渡句。空格前描述这么多年来Hillier想跳得越来越好。空格后描述Hillier发现自己就是停不下来,跳舞让Hillier知道自己还活着。这与E项(即使当我非常累的时候我还在练习跳舞。)相符。 2017 01-2017课标全国Ⅰ If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 　1　  The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 　2　 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.  I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 　3　 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.  　4　We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.  　5　It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.  A.This time there was no tent. B.Things are going to be improved. C.The trip they took me on was a rough one. D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F.After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 答案 [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我。文章讲述了作者由讨厌露营到喜欢露营的过程。 1.D　过渡句。本空位置在第一段的结尾。设题处前面的句子表明作者三年前对露营的抵触心理,后面的段落描述了露营的经历。由此看出本题对应的句子起到承上启下的作用,而且具有转折的功能。D选项中的关键信息since then和however起到明显的衔接作用,故为正确答案。  2.C　概括句。前面的句子指出作者的朋友们带他参加了一次露营;后面的句子较详细地描写了那次露营的经历,但多是比较艰苦的体验。根据上下文可知,本句应该是一个概括句,总体说明这次露营的状况。C项中的they与前面的friends 对应,rough可以概括这次露营的特征,所以是正确答案。  3.A　细节句。本空所在段落描述了一次愉快的露营经历,本空后面的副词Instead是一个重要的衔接标志词,表明本空后面的内容与本空的信息相反。A选项中的no tent与camper照应。故选A。 4.F　过渡句。设空处在段首,引出一个新话题。本空后面的代词We是一个很强的衔接标志词,表明本空对应的句子中应该有包括作者在内的复数人群。根据这个线索,选项F中的my family 与We恰好对应,故答案为F项。  5.E　总结句。设空处在最后一段(结语段)的段首,是全文的概括,又起到承上启下的作用。选项E中的关键信息come to enjoy camping既是对前面几段的概括总结,也能够顺畅地衔接下句内容,即希望别人也能亲近大自然。 02-2017课标全国Ⅱ Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.　1　, there are several ways to handle things. Let's take a look at them now.  　2　. Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.  When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then.　3　. It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.  When you need to talk to someone, don't do it in your own office.　4　, it's much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.  If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.　5　. If someone knocks and it's not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed.  A.If you're busy, don't feel bad about saying no B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes D.If you're in the other person's office or in a public area E.It's important that you let them know when you'll be available F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G.Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not 答案 [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会。文章介绍了在工作中避免被干扰的四种方法。 1.B　细节句。空格处为从句,空格后的部分为主句,只有B项和D项符合要求。主句指出“有几种可以解决问题的方法”,B项内容符合语境要求。D项内容与主句所述内容不一致。 2.A　主旨句。上一段最后一句为:现在让我们看看这些应对方法。由此可见,第二段应介绍应对打扰的第一种方法。空白处后的句子提到“告诉这个人你很抱歉并解释……”。选项A“如果你很忙,不要为拒绝他人而感到难为情”符合语境。 3.E　过渡句。上文指出,别人要干扰你时,你要设定好时间,让别人知道什么时候再来找你或你什么时候去找他们。下文指出,这样有助于消除后续的干扰,解释了前一句所说内容的原因。结合上下文可知,E项“让他们知道你什么时候有空很重要”符合语境。 4.D　细节句。这一段讲的是与他人谈话的地点的选择问题。上文指出,你需要和他人谈谈时,不要在自己的办公室做这件事。空白处应填入从句。D项是一个if引导的从句,意为“如果你在对方的办公室或公共区域”,此项涉及地点,符合上下文语境和句子结构的要求。 5.G　过渡句。door为关键词。本段主要讲述如何利用办公室的门,以避免忙时被打扰。上文指出,如果办公室有一扇门的话,要充分利用。G项意为“有空交谈时就开着门,反之则关上门”,it指代前一句中的door。故选G。 03-2017课标全国Ⅲ Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 　1　 Here’s how to make one.  ●　2　 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.  ●Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 　3　 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.  ●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 　4　  ●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 　5　If not, take another look at other methods you could try.  A.Get a sleep specialist. B.Find the right motivation. C.A better plan for sleep can help. D.And consider setting a second alarm. E.If the steps you take are working, keep it up. F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day. G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 答案 [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文,介绍了制订计划从而可以轻松起床的一些诀窍。短文分为五段:第一段提出许多人感到起床比较困难,指出良好的计划有助于这一问题的解决,引出下文内容;第二段讲起床的诀窍之一是找到合适动机;第三段指出要重新考虑早晨的安排;第四段讲周末应该保持一贯的作息时间;第五段讲作记录并每周进行评估。 1.C　过渡句。本题前面的内容说许多人感到早上起床困难,将之归咎于闹钟,事实上轻松早起的关键在于重新设定你的生物钟。后面说如何制订一个(计划)。由此可以判断,C项A better plan for sleep can help.符合题意。 2.B　主旨句。本题位于第二段段首。后面说,为了改变,你需要决定它为什么重要。及时起床是为了与家人一起吃早饭?锻炼身体?还是做好一天的安排?一旦明确了原因,就告诉家人或室友你想要作出的变化。由此可知,本段的关键词是早起的原因或动机。B项Find the right motivation.是对本段内容最好的概括。 3.G　细节句。本题位于第三段中。后一句说如果你买一台带定时器的咖啡机,你就会多出一刻钟的睡觉时间。G项意为“重新考虑你在咖啡馆排队买咖啡时所花的15分钟时间。”,与后一句完全契合。 4.F　细节句。本题所在段落讲的是周末应该保持一贯的作息时间。F项意为“无论哪一天,都坚持固定的睡觉和醒来时间。”,符合语境。故正确选项为F。 5.E　过渡句。本题在段落中间。前一句说新方法试用一周之后,要看一看你的记录。后一句说如果不行,再看一看你可以尝试的别的方法。由此可以判断,E项符合语境。 2016 01-2016课标全国Ⅰ Secret codes(密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 　1　Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.  There are three main types of cryptography. 　2　For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels”spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”  　3　You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter,the message “Meet me”would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.”  A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 　4　For example, “bridge”might stand for “meet”and“out”might stand for “me”.The message“Bridge out”would actually mean“Meet me.” 　5　However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.  A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B.In any language, some letters are used more than others. C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words. G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了密码的用途、历史以及三种密码方式。 1.D　过渡句。上句提到:人们使用密码已经几千年了。下句提到:密码的破解从未太落后于密码的设定。由此可知D项符合语境,意为“只要有密码,人们就会尽力去破解它们。” 2.E　过渡句。上句提到:有三种主要的密码设定方式。下句提到:例如,“My elephant eats too many eels”的首字母就拼出了“Meet me”这一隐藏起来的信息。由此可知本句应该为一种密码的设定方式,根据下句举到的例子可知E项正确,意为“你可以用每个单词的首字母拼写出一条信息,以此来隐藏它。” 3.G　主旨句。上段指出有三种主要的密码设定方式,并且已经提到了一种,本段应该指出另外一种。下文举例说明了用数字来代替字母的密码方式,由此可知G项能起到统领本段的作用,意为“另外一种隐藏信息的方式就是用符号来代替字母表中特定的字母。” 4.F　细节句。上句指出:要解读某个真实密码的信息,你必须要有密码本。本句是对上句的解释说明,结合下文举到的例子,可推断出本句主要解释如何利用密码本来破解隐藏起来的信息。F项符合语境,意为“拥有了密码本,你也许就能写出代表其他单词的单词。” 5.A　细节句。上文指出了利用密码本来破解密码的方式。A项是总结上文内容得出的结论,意为“没有密码本就很难破解密码”,而且根据下句“...it is also hard to...”的句型结构也可得知A项符合语境。 高级词块　1.code breaking密码破译　2.cryptography/krɪpˈtɒ􀱹rəfi/ n.密码学 　3.substitute...for...用……代替…… 02-2016课标全国Ⅱ A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和)of its parts?　1　.But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.  ●　2　  Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).　3　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.  ●Recall(回忆) your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.　4　—how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.　5　.Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.  A.Know why you garden B.Find a good place for your own garden C.It’s our experience of the garden that matters D.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G.For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了如何种植和经营好自己的花园和菜园。 1.F　过渡句。上句提到了氛围,F项中that kind of magical quality指代上句中的内容,故选F项。 2.A　主旨句。本段列举了一些人的观点之后,提到other reasons that might explain why you want to garden,由此可以推断出本段的主旨就是:你要知道自己为什么要种植花木。 3.E　细节句。根据本段中的Some people may think that...Others are concerned about...可推断出此处应该是:Still others may...。 4.C　过渡句。上句提到:但是那并不重要。本句应为:重要的是我们自己种植花木的经历。matters=is important,故选C项。 5.G　过渡句。上句提到:通过花费时间回想你青年时期的园子开始吧。本句应为:为记忆中的每一个园子,写下你最深刻的记忆。引出下文:然后走出去,制订一个计划把你小时候的记忆转化为你成年后的园子。 03-2016课标全国Ⅲ Everyone knows that fish is good for health.　1　But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 　2　 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.  　3　 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 　4　When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.  There are many common methods used to cook fish. 　5　First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.)Then, it’s ready to serve.  A.Do not buy it. B.The easiest is to steam it. C.This is how you can do it. D.It just requires a little knowledge. E.The fish will go bad within hours. F.When buying fish, you should first smell it. G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 答案 [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,介绍了买鱼和烹饪鱼的小窍门。 1.G　细节句。上句提到吃鱼对人的健康有益,本句是对上句的解释说明,G项符合语境,意为“人们认为鱼的脂肪有助于预防心脏病。” 2.D　细节句。上句指出:购买、储存和烹饪鱼并不是难事。本句承接上句,D项符合语境,意为“它只需要一点儿知识”。 3.F　主旨句。下文指出了新鲜的鱼和不新鲜的鱼都有什么气味,由此可判断F项为主题句,意为“买鱼时应该先闻闻味道”。 4.A　细节句。上句指出有腥味或者味儿很大的鱼不新鲜,本句承接上句,指出不要购买这样的鱼,故A项正确。 5.B　过渡句。上文指出做鱼的方法有很多种,根据下文出现的steam可知此处讲述了清蒸的方法,故B项正确,意为“最简单的方法就是清蒸”。 2015 01-2015课标全国Ⅰ Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.　1　Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.  Unfortunately,we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from,lied to,misled,or cheated on,there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.　2　It’s understandable,but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again,we have some steps you can take to get you there.  ●　3　Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.  ●　4　If you’ve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives,we’ll have our trust tested or violated.  ●You didn’t lose“everything”.Once trust is lost,what is left?Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.　5　Instead,it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.  A.Learn to really trust yourself. B.It is putting confidence in someone. C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D.Remember that you can expect the best in return. E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 答案 [语篇解读]　人和人之间需要相互信任,赢得别人的信任并不是一件容易的事。我们也曾在某个特定的关系群中失去了对别人的信任,成了背叛的受害者。如何重新在这个关系群中建立起那份信任呢?本文给出了几条建议。 1.B　第一段阐述了什么是“信任”。空格前说Trust is a learned behavior...,空格后说Trust is a risk.由此推断出选B项。 2.E　空格前列举了遭遇背叛的几种情况:被偷、被撒谎、被误导、被欺骗,这些事情的发生使人们受到了深深的伤害,他们不能容忍它再次发生。故选E项。 3.A　根据后面句子中的Having confidence in yourself可知此处作者建议:学会真正信任你自己。故选A项。 4.C　根据后面句子中的you are the victim和being a victim以及a “victim mentality”可知此处作者的建议是:不要再把自己当成一个受害者。故选C项。 5.G　空格前作者建议:不要从绝望的角度看局面,而要感激你生活中所有的好的方面。空格后作者说:这是一种健康的方式……。由此推断出此处答案为G项:看到事情积极的方面并不意味着你在忽视已经发生的事情。 02-2015课标全国Ⅱ Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.　1　,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.　2　.As always,you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.  During the first week,do not think about distance,but run five minutes longer each day.　3　,it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.　4　.After two weeks,start timing yourself.　5　.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.  A.After six days B.For a good marathon runner C.Before you begin your training D.With each day,increase the distance by a half mile E.If they still feel good,you can begin running in them F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 答案 [语篇解读]　本文介绍了马拉松训练需要认真的准备和稳定、渐进的过程。 1.C　根据第二段中的During the first week可知这里是指训练前的准备工作,故选C。 2.E　设空处与其前一句是顺承关系,故选E。 3.A　根据上文During the first week 和下文 take a day off to rest 可知,一周七天里训练六天后休息一天是明智的,故选A。 4.D　根据本段第一句中的During the first week, do not think about distance 和第二个But可知,这里要考虑距离的问题了,故选D。 5.G　设空处对上文进行总结,根据下文的timetable和设空处前两句话可知,这里是增加距离和设定时间的目标。故选G。 北京卷（2015—2024） 2024北京 If you want to develop maximum credibility(可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog(刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 1 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 2 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 3 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 4 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style.5 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 答案 [语篇解读]本文是说明文（总—分—总结构）。作者分别介绍了刺猬式思维和狐狸式思维的特点，并在最后提出要成为“貌似狐狸的刺猬”。 1. G 前一句说拥有刺猬式思维的人往往回答“是”，后一句说并且他们这样做通常是非常可信的。后一句中的And表示递进关系，so指代设空处内容。再结合后面的“They focus on one thing and do it really well.”可知，拥有刺猬式思维的人专注于一件事，而且做得很好。浏览选项可以发现，G项（他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场）与之相符，故选G。 2. C 前文说拥有刺猬式思维的人专注于一件事，而且做得很好，他们清楚自己擅长的东西。C项中的clarity and confidence是对他们的特点的总结概括，这与选项中的Hence（因此）所表示的因果关系呼应，故选C。 3. D 设空处位于段首，考虑段落主旨句。根据后文中的“hedgehogs are...wrong more often than foxes”以及“less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong”可知，拥有刺猬式思维的人比拥有狐狸式思维的人更容易出错，而且他们不太可能意识到或承认自己错了。由此可知，本段主要讲的是拥有刺猬式思维的人的缺点，因此D项（但专注于一件大事可能会有负面影响）符合语境。故选D。 4. F 前文说拥有狐狸式思维的人更有可能从更广泛的来源中找到新信息，并更善于应对不确定性和新信息。后一句说他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外。后一句中的it指代的内容在设空处中。浏览选项可以发现，F项（当某件事情与他们的观点相悖时，他们不会将其视为特例）与之相符，故选F。 5. A 最后一段是总结段。首句问拥有刺猬式思维的人和拥有狐狸式思维的人哪个更好。后文说选择成为拥有刺猬式思维的人或是拥有狐狸式思维的人是一种错误的权衡，最有效的方式是成为兼备狐狸和刺猬特征的人。再结合前面几段内容可知，A项（换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势）符合语境，且与try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog呼应，故选A。 2023北京 It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 . When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 . Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 .The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don't view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment(注册) or funding. 4 . Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 . Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A. Higher education has achieved its true potential. B. Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor:the quality of teaching. E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F. They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是议论文，主要针对当下教学水平较高的学校排名却并不靠前这一现象展开讨论。作者希望学生和家长在选择大学时，应该重点关注教学质量高的学校。 1. D前文指出排名系统（rankings systems）对于美国学生选择大学有重要的参考价值。第二段指出，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名考虑。浏览选项可以发现，D选项（然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量）与前文构成转折关系，并起到引出下文的作用。 2. F设空处前一句话指出，一些家庭常常惊讶于优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名考虑。F选项（更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然如此轻视教学）中的even more surprised与前文中的surprised构成递进关系。F项中的They指代families，且大学轻视教学这一现象在第四段中也有所体现。 3. G设空处前一句指出，最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。G选项（事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上）是对前文进行解释说明。 4. B设空处前一句指出，管理人员通常不把优秀的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的途径。B选项（因此，它在招聘和晋升中不受重视）与之构成因果关系，B选项中的it指代前文提到的teaching excellence。 5. E设空处后一句话说的是，然而，只有拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多的资源、更高的排名和更多的入学人数，情况才会发生较大变化。基于对这句话的理解，答案应满足以下两个条件：首先，设空处需要与后句构成转折关系；其次，该句想表达的核心意思是情况并不会发生太大的变化，因此设空处也应体现一种情况。E选项（最近出现了大学努力提高教学水平这一现象）满足上述条件。 2022北京 Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 1 . It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. 2. We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 3. This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 4. For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune(免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 5. This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了身体健康能让我们拥有幸福且健康的生活，以及保持健康的方法。 1. G根据空前一句中的“we tend to ignore our health”可推知，忽视身体健康会导致的结果就是“makes our body suffer”；根据空后一句中的“helps us fight these diseases”可推知，设空处应该提到“diseases”。综合这些信息可知，G选项能起到承上启下的作用。 2. B空后两句“We need to be fit to have a healthy body...the fitness of our body.”介绍了health 和 fitness两者之间的关系，而B选项说明了它们之间是相互关联的，起到了主旨句的作用，符合语境。 3. D空前一句中的“be targeted by viruses”与D选项中的“we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily”紧密衔接，且空后一句中的“This”指代的就是D选项中的“have a tendency to catch a cold easily”。 4. F空前一句中的“to devote some time to health and fitness”和空后一句中的“must exercise daily”都与F选项中的“activities which everyone should do”相呼应，也就是我们要花时间锻炼，保持身体健康。 5. C根据本段第一句可知，本段介绍放松身体的重要性。C选项中的“helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind”与本段主旨相匹配，且C选项中的also helps与空前一句中的helps相呼应。 2021北京 Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 　1　 The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.  　2　 However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain.  Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 　3　 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers, listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.  When it comes to heart health, there is speculation (推测) that it’s not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 　4　 On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.  　5　 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable.  A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems. B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. C.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing. D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. E.The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive. F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. G.Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了音乐对于健康的益处。 1. F空前说“音乐对很多人来说一直是一种令人愉快的消遣方式”，空后说“The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued.（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的）”，由此可推断设空处应说明音乐对人的精神健康的作用。这与F项中的“also highly popular”和“the individualized effects on stress and anxiety”相呼应。 2. B空后说“However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.（然而，出于同样的原因，如果一个人处于痛苦之中，音乐是非常有益的）”，However表转折，因此设空处为对音乐的负面评价，这与B项中的“music can be harmful if it is too loud”相呼应。 3. D空前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.”，这与D项中的“calming the brain enough to sleep”相呼应。 4. G空后说“On the other hand, when the music slowed，the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower...”，根据On the other hand以及后面的内容可推断设空处内容应与欢快的音乐和心率加快有关，这与G项中的“the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were”相呼应。 5. E空后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable.”，因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，这与E项（音乐对整体健康的影响令人印象深刻）相吻合。 2020北京 Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 1 . Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. 2. People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans (寿命), lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. 3. For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer (缓冲作用) against depression and anxiety. Resilient (适应性强的) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 4. In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 5. Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health. A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了积极思考对人的好处。 1. B由设空处前提到的“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some eve$$