时文阅读04 A Brief History of Desertification in Africa（课件）（话题阅读精练）英语高二通用版

该高中英语课件系统梳理了非洲荒漠化主题说明文的语篇分析、阅读技能、核心语言点及写作应用，通过语篇结构表、段落大意总结串联说明文“总-分-总”模式与核心内容，结合“牛刀小试”练习题巩固细节理解、推理判断等阅读技能，构建从输入到输出的完整知识网络。 其亮点在于以“导入-阅读-拓展-应用”为主线，如Post-reading视频讨论活动引导学生分析荒漠化治理措施，培养思维品质，Language Points通过词汇填空和长难句分析提升语言能力，Homework征文任务结合范文示范强化学习能力。分层设计涵盖基础练习与写作应用，适配不同水平学生，助力教师精准实施单元复习，高效巩固知识。

A Brief History of Desertification in Africa 高二时文阅读 非洲荒漠化简史 CONTENT 01 Lead in 02 Pre-reading 03 While-reading 04 Post-reading 05 Language Points 06 Homework Part 01 Lead in Where is desertification most serious? What can we do to protect the land to prevent its desertification? Part 02 Before-reading Part 03 While-reading 走进语篇 随着社会的发展和人类活动的增加，近几十年来荒漠化已经严重恶化。非洲是世界上最著名的沙漠之一撒哈拉沙漠的所在地，它以每年48公里的速度增长。 ①The origins of the word ‘desertification’ are most commonly attributed to French botanist André Aubréville’s 1949 work on African rainforests, though a study argues that it may even be traced back to the 19th-century French colonial North Africa. The phenomenon has existed in Africa for thousands of years and isn’t new. However, with societies developing and human activities rising, desertification has worsened considerably in recent decades. ②Africa is home to one of the world’s most famous deserts, the Sahara, which is growing at a rate of 48 kilometres per year. Desertification and the expansion of deserts were not initially primarily due to human-induced climate change, like they are nowadays. The world’s greatest deserts formed through natural processes interacting over many years, such as the evaporation of water, upward winds, the descent of warm air, and low humidity. ③However, human activity has more recently come to either grow or shrink these deserts. To put human contributions into perspective, the Sahara has been growing rapidly since the 1920s, covering 10% more land than it used to, according to a study by National Science Foundation-funded scientists at the University of Maryland. The modern study of desertification that we are familiar with today, which considers climate change, emerged from studying the 1980s drought in the Sahel region, the most vulnerable region on the continent. It is a 3,000-mile stretch of land that includes ten counties and is under constant stress due to frequent droughts, soil erosion, and population growth, which has increased logging, illegal farming, and land clearing for housing. ④The 1980s drought is not the first human-induced event that affected the Sahel region. The desert has historically experienced a long series of droughts, but one of the most significant is the Sahelian drought and famine of 1968. It lasted until 1985 and was directly linked to the death of approximately 100,000 people and the disruption of millions of lives. Human exploitation of natural resources was originally believed to be the sole cause behind the drought. Still, it has been suggested that large-scale climate changes also triggered the drought. ⑤Despite being the most affected area in Africa, the Sahel is not the only region dealing with desertification. Some of the most affected areas include the Karoo in South Africa, which has endured semi-arid conditions for the last 500 years, Somalia, which has suffered three major drought crises in the last decade alone, and Ethiopia, with 75% of its land affected by desertification and a major famine between 1983 and 1985. With desertification becoming a more significant problem each year, these consequences will only increase if nothing is done to curb the climate crisis. 语篇类型 语篇内容 语篇结构模式 段落大意 Part 1: 1 Part 2: 2-4 Part 3: 5 说明文 Africa is home to one of the world’s most famous deserts, the Sahara. However, with societies developing and human activities rising, desertification has worsened considerably in recent decades. General-special-General Introduction: It introduces the topic of desertification in Africa. Conclusion: These consequences will only increase if nothing is done to curb the climate crisis. It narrates the current situation in Africa and the causes of desertification. 牛刀小试 1. What is the main reason for the recent worsening of desertification in Africa? A. Natural climate changes over thousands of years. B. Frequent droughts in the Sahel region. C. The expansion of the Sahara Desert. D. Human activities and societal development. D Human activities and societal development. 然而，随着社会的发展和人类活动的增加，近几十年来荒漠化已经严重恶化。 细节理解题 ① However, with societies developing and human activities rising, desertification has worsened considerably in recent decades. 2. Which marked the modern study of desertification linked to climate change? A. The 1968 Sahelian drought. B. The famine in Ethiopia (1983–1985). C. The 1980s drought in the Sahel region. D. The colonial period in North Africa. ③ The modern study of desertification that we are familiar with today, which considers climate change, emerged from studying the 1980s drought in the Sahel region, the most vulnerable region on the continent. C The 1980s drought in the Sahel region. 我们今天所熟悉的关于沙漠化的现代研究，考虑到气候变化，起源于对1980年代非洲大陆最脆弱地区萨赫勒地区干旱的研究。 推理判断题 牛刀小试 ④ …1968. It lasted until 1985 and was directly linked to the death of approximately 100,000 people and the disruption of millions of lives. Human exploitation of natural resources was originally believed to be the sole cause behind the drought. 牛刀小试 3. What was believed to be the only cause of the 1968 Sahelian drought? A. Large-scale climate changes. B. Human overuse of natural resources. C. Soil erosion and population growth. D. The descent of warm air. B Human overuse of natural resources. ……1968年的萨赫勒干旱和饥荒。它一直持续到1985年，与大约10万人的死亡和数百万人的生活受到破坏直接相关。人类对自然资源的开采最初被认为是造成干旱的唯一原因。 推理判断题 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as affected by desertification? A. The Karoo (South Africa). B. Somalia. C. The Congo Basin. D. Ethiopia. ⑤ Some of the most affected areas include the Karoo in South Africa, which has endured semi-arid conditions for the last 500 years, Somalia, which has suffered three major drought crises in the last decade alone, and Ethiopia. C The Congo Basin. 一些受影响的区域包括南非的卡鲁，在过去500年里一直处于半干旱状态；索马里，仅在过去十年中就遭受了三次重大干旱危机；埃塞俄比亚。 细节理解题 牛刀小试 Part 04 Post-reading Thinking Watch a video. Then talk: How to reduce desertification？ Thinking Watch a video. Then talk: How to reduce desertification？ measures Put straw checkboard Plant trees Formulate strict laws …… Part 05 Language points 1. attribute /əˈtrɪbjuːt/ 2. initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ 3. interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ 4. humidity /hjuːˈmɪdəti/ 5. shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ 6. emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ 7. continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ 8. trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ v. 把……归因于 adv. 开始，最初 v. 相互交流，互动 n. 潮湿，湿气；湿度 v.（使）缩小，减少 v. 浮现，出现 n. 洲，大陆 v. 引发，激发 词汇聚焦 用方框中单词的正确形式填空 词汇练习 选词填空 attribute, initially, interact, humidity, shrink, emerge, continent, trigger 1. The________________ is relatively low. 2. The chick _____________ has no fear of man. 3. They learn how to _______________ with their peers. 4. They tasted of a ripe sweetness I found hard to ______________ to that landscape. 5. This could ______________ a tsunami. 6. What happens when new players _______________? 7. This cloth will not ________________in the wash. 8. She loved the African _________________. humidity initially interact attribute trigger emerge shrink continent 长难句分析 Africa is home to one of the world’s most famous deserts, the Sahara, which is growing at a rate of 48 kilometres per year. 句子主干： Africa is home to one of the world’s most famous deserts, the Sahara. 参考 译文 非洲是世界上最著名的沙漠之一撒哈拉沙漠的所在地，它以每年48公里的速度增长。 同位语 非限制性定语从句 Part 06 Homework 你校将举办一场征文活动，作文标题是：How to Reduce Desertification? 内容要求如下： 1.土地荒漠化的危害； 2.采取相应措施； 3.总结个人观点。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to Reduce Desertification? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Homework 24 参考范文 How to Reduce Desertification? Desertification poses a serious threat to our environment and life. It leads to soil erosion, loss of farmland, and even climate change, making survival difficult for both humans and animals. To combat desertification, effective measures must be taken. First, planting trees and grasses can help hold the soil together and prevent wind erosion. Second, sustainable farming practices, such as crop rotation, should be promoted to maintain soil fertility. Additionally, governments should enforce laws to limit overgrazing and deforestation. In my opinion, everyone has a role in fighting desertification. By working together and taking small actions, we can protect our land and ensure a greener future. 25 Thank you for your listening $$