时文阅读05 What Causes Water Pollution（精练）（话题阅读精练）英语高一通用版

时文阅读 What Causes Water Pollution？ 什么导致水污染？ 走进语篇 话题 体裁 题型 字数 建议阅读时间 难度 什么导致水污染？ 说明文 选择题 414 8分钟 适中 Water is uniquely vulnerable to pollution because it’s able to dissolve more substances than any other liquid on Earth. Toxic substances from farms, towns, and factories readily dissolve into and mix with it, which causes water pollution as a result. According to the UN, more than 80% of the world’s wastewater flows back into the environment without being treated or reused; in some least-developed countries, this figure tops 95%. Harmful chemicals and bacteria can be found in sewage and wastewater even after it’s been treated. Households release sewage and wastewater, which makes its way to the ocean, mixing with freshwater and affecting the water quality and marine life. Also, the bacteria found in wastewater breed disease and cause health-related issues in humans and animals. Large oil spills and leaks are some of the most significant causes of water pollution. These are often caused by oil drilling operations in the ocean, but nearly half of the estimated 1 million tons of oil that makes its way into marine environments each year comes not from oil tankers, but from land-based sources like factories, farms, and cities. In England and Wales, there are about 3,000 pollution incidents involving oil and fuel each year. Oil makes drinking water unsafe, and a substantial amount of oil released into oceans or rivers water pollution, will destroy marine life and the ecosystems that support them. What’s more, oil reduces the oxygen supply within the water environment. Oil is also naturally released from under the ocean floor through fractures known as seeps. Industrial waste is one of the biggest sources of water contamination. Many industrial sites produce waste in the form of toxic chemicals and pollutants, and some don’t have proper waste management systems in place. Sometimes, industrial waste is dumped into nearby freshwater systems. The toxic chemicals filtered from this waste can make the water unsafe for human consumption, and they can also cause the temperature in freshwater systems to change, making them dangerous for marine life. Finally, industrial waste can cause “dead zones,” which are areas of water that contain so little oxygen that marine life cannot survive in them. To protect crops from pests, farmers use pesticides, however, when these substances seep into the groundwater, they can harm animals, plants, and humans. Additionally, when it rains, the chemicals mix with rainwater, which flows into waterways and creates further pollution. Other agricultural processes, such as uncontrolled spreading of slurries and manures, and ploughing the land, can also cause water pollution. -https://earth.org/what-are-the-causes-of-water-pollution/ 牛刀小试 ( ) 1. Why is water particularly vulnerable to pollution? A. Because it is the most common liquid on Earth. B. Because it is difficult to clean once polluted. C. Because it is used in large quantities by humans. D. Because it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid. ( ) 2. What is one of the major sources of oil pollution in marine environments? A. Oil tankers. B. Natural ocean seeps. C. Land-based sources like factories and cities. D. Underwater volcanic eruptions. ( ) 3. What is a "dead zone" in water? A. An area with high levels of oxygen. B. A place where marine life thrives. C. A region with low oxygen levels where marine life cannot survive. D. A part of the ocean with no pollution. ( ) 4. How do pesticides contribute to water pollution? A. They make the water taste better. B. They seep into groundwater, flowing into waterways. C. They help clean the water naturally. D. They have no effect on water quality. 词汇聚焦 1. vulnerable [ ˈvʌlnərəbl] adj. 脆弱的，易受伤的 2. dissolve [ dɪˈzɒlv] v. 解散，解除；消失 3. sewage [ ˈsuːɪdʒ] n. 污水，污物 4. breed [briːd] v. 交配繁殖；饲养，培育 5. seep [ siːp] v.（液体）渗漏，渗透 6. contamination [ kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 污染 7. toxic [ˈtɒksɪk] adj. 有毒的，引起中毒的 8. filter [ˈfɪltər] v. 过滤；渗入 词汇练习 1、 选词填空 vulnerable, dissolve, sewage, breed, seep, contamination, toxic, filter 1. The raw _____________ is chemically treated. 2. She was left feeling exposed and _______________. 3. It's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial __________________. 4. Many animals_____________ only at certain times of the year. 5. Blood was beginning to _______________ through the bandages. 6. It may _____________ our negative impressions of others. 7. Most of these problems won't simply __________________. 8. Many pesticides are highly ___________________. 长难句分析 1. Toxic substances from farms, towns, and factories readily dissolve into and mix with it, which causes water pollution as a result. 【分析】本句中主干句是__________________________________________________________；非限制性定语从句是____________________________________________________________________________________ 【译文】____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作训练 你校将举办一场征文活动，作文标题是：How to Stop Water Pollution? 内容要求如下： 1.水污染的危害； 2.采取相应措施； 3.总结个人观点。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to Stop Water Pollution? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 背景拓展 How can we stop water pollution? Stopping water pollution starts right in your home. You can make simple changes today that add up to big impacts. Let's talk about what you can do, starting with your daily routine. Your household choices matter more than you might think. Switch to cleaning products without phosphates and properly dispose of old medications and chemicals. Those cleaning supplies under your sink can do less harm if you pick greener options. In your yard and garden, what you do affects local water quality. Cut back on pesticides and fertilizers, which run straight into streams when it rains. If you're growing plants, try natural alternatives like compost. Fix any leaking pipes promptly because they can send contaminated water into the soil and groundwater. The food you buy influences farm practices. Supporting farms that limit chemical use helps reduce agricultural runoff. Look for products from farms that use water-saving irrigation and maintain buffer zones near streams. Companies respond to customer pressure. Support businesses that treat their wastewater properly and avoid those that don't. When you see a company polluting, report it to the environmental authorities. Stopping water pollution needs action from everyone, however, it is important to about what makes the biggest difference. Yes, you can change your habits at home. Using eco-friendly cleaners, properly disposing of chemicals, and reducing plastic use help. But the real impact comes from bigger players. Most water pollution comes from industry, agriculture, and city infrastructure. Companies need stricter rules about treating their wastewater. Farms need better systems to handle runoff. Cities must upgrade aging sewage systems and improve stormwater management. Government action is the driving force behind these changes. Policies that regulate industrial discharge, invest in water treatment infrastructure, and safeguard waterways are essential for creating long-term improvements. Supporting and advocating for such measures ensures meaningful progress in protecting our water resources. -https://www.thedailyeco.com/what-are-water-pollutants-909.html 参考译文 如何阻止水污染？ 停止水污染从你的家里开始。你今天可以做一些简单的改变，累积起来会产生很大的影响。让我们来谈谈你能做些什么，从你的日常生活开始。 你的家庭选择比你想象的更重要。改用不含磷酸盐的清洁产品，并妥善处理旧的药物和化学品。如果你选择更环保的清洁用品，那么水槽下面的清洁用品对你的危害会更小。 在你的院子和花园里，你的所作所为会影响当地的水质。减少杀虫剂和化肥的使用，因为下雨时它们会直接流入溪流。如果你在种植植物，尝试天然的替代品，比如堆肥。及时修复任何泄漏的管道，因为它们会将污染的水送入土壤和地下水。 你购买的食物会影响农场的操作。支持限制化学品使用的农场有助于减少农业径流。寻找那些使用节水灌溉和在溪流附近保持缓冲区的农场的产品。 公司会对客户的压力做出反应。支持那些正确处理废水的企业，避免那些不正确处理废水的企业。当你看到一家公司污染环境时，向环保部门报告。 阻止水污染需要每个人的行动，然而，重要的是要知道什么是最大的不同。是的，你可以在家里改变你的习惯。使用环保清洁剂，妥善处理化学品，减少塑料的使用。但真正的影响来自更大的参与者。 大多数水污染来自工业、农业和城市基础设施。企业需要更严格的废水处理规定。农场需要更好的系统来处理径流。城市必须升级老化的污水系统，改善雨水管理。 政府的行动是这些变化背后的推动力。规范工业排放、投资水处理基础设施和保护水道的政策对于实现长期改善至关重要。支持和倡导这些措施可以确保在保护水资源方面取得有意义的进展。 答案与解析 牛刀小试 1. D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Water is uniquely vulnerable to pollution because it’s able to dissolve more substances than any other liquid on Earth，水特别容易受到污染，因为它比地球上任何其他液体都能溶解更多的物质。 2. C 【解析】 细节理解题。由题干定位到第三段第二句， but nearly half of the estimated 1 million tons of oil that makes its way into marine environments each year comes not from oil tankers, but from land-based sources like factories, farms, and cities，但据估计，每年进入海洋环境的100万吨石油中，有近一半不是来自油轮，而是来自工厂、农场和城市等陆地来源。 3. C 【解析】 推理判断题。由题干dead zones，定位到第四段最后一句，Finally, industrial waste can cause “dead zones,” which are areas of water that contain so little oxygen that marine life cannot survive in them， 最后，工业废料会造成“死区”，即含氧量极低的水域，海洋生物无法在其中生存。 4. B 【解析】 推理判断题。由题干定位到第五段， To protect crops from pests, farmers use pesticides, however, when these substances seep into the groundwater，为了保护农作物不受害虫侵害，农民使用杀虫剂，然而，当这些物质渗入地下水时。 词汇练习 一、1. sewage 2. vulnerable 3. contamination 4. breed 5. seep 6. filter 7. dissolve 8. toxic 长难句分析 1. 【分析】 1. Toxic substances from farms, towns, and factories readily dissolve into and mix with it; which causes water pollution as a result. 【译文】来自农场、城镇和工厂的有毒物质很容易溶解并与之混合，从而造成水污染。 写作训练 How to Stop Water Pollution? Water pollution is a serious problem that harms both humans and the environment. Polluted water can spread diseases, kill aquatic life, and even affect our food supply. Chemicals and waste dumped into rivers or lakes make the water unsafe for drinking and daily use. To stop water pollution, we must take action. Factories should treat wastewater before releasing it. Farmers can reduce pesticide use to protect groundwater. At home, we should avoid pouring oil or chemicals down drains. Recycling and proper trash disposal also help prevent pollution. In my opinion, everyone plays a role in keeping water clean. Small daily actions, combined with government policies, can make a big difference. Let’s work together to protect our water resources for a healthier future! 参考译文 什么导致水污染？ 水特别容易受到污染，因为它比地球上任何其他液体都能溶解更多的物质。来自农场、城镇和工厂的有毒物质很容易溶解并与之混合，从而造成水污染。 据联合国统计，世界上80%以上的废水未经处理或再利用就流入环境；在一些最不发达国家，这一数字高达95%。即使经过处理的污水和废水中也会发现有害的化学物质和细菌。家庭排放的污水和废水流入海洋，与淡水混合，影响水质和海洋生物。此外，在废水中发现的细菌会滋生疾病，并导致人类和动物的健康问题。 大量的石油泄漏和泄漏是水污染的一些最重要的原因。这些通常是由海洋中的石油钻探作业引起的，但据估计，每年进入海洋环境的100万吨石油中，有近一半不是来自油轮，而是来自工厂、农场和城市等陆地来源。在英格兰和威尔士，每年大约有3000起与石油和燃料有关的污染事件。石油使饮用水不安全，大量的石油排放到海洋或河流中造成水污染，将破坏海洋生物和支持它们的生态系统。更重要的是，石油减少了水环境中的氧气供应。石油也会通过被称为渗漏的裂缝从海底自然释放出来。 工业废水是水污染的最大来源之一。许多工业场所以有毒化学物质和污染物的形式产生废物，有些没有适当的废物管理系统。有时，工业废料被倾倒到附近的淡水系统中。从这些废物中过滤出来的有毒化学物质会使水不适合人类饮用，它们还会导致淡水系统的温度发生变化，对海洋生物造成危险。最后，工业废料会造成“死区”，即含氧量极低的水域，海洋生物无法在其中生存。 为了保护农作物不受害虫侵害，农民使用杀虫剂，然而，当这些物质渗入地下水时，它们会伤害动物、植物和人类。此外，当下雨时，化学物质与雨水混合，流入水道，造成进一步的污染。其他农业过程，如不加控制地喷洒泥浆和粪肥，以及耕地，也会造成水污染。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$