必修一 Unit 5 Languages around the World 定语从句（二）-【简语法-单元重点语法精练】高中英语高一上学期（人教版2019）

单元核心语法·精练 必修一 Unit 5 Languages around the World （定语从句（二）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、关系副词的基本用法 用法介绍 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，指代先行词表示的时间、地点或原因，常见的有 when, where, why。 关系副词 指代先行词类型 在从句中作成分 示例 when 表时间的名词（time, day 等） 时间状语 I remember the day when we first met.（我记得我们第一次见面的那天。） where 表地点的名词（place, city 等） 地点状语 This is the school where I studied.（这是我就读过的学校。） why 表原因的名词（reason） 原因状语 Do you know the reason why he was late?（你知道他迟到的原因吗？） 注意事项 1. 与 “介词 + 关系代词” 的转换：关系副词可转换为 “介词 + which”（如 when = on/in/at + which；where = in/at + which；why = for + which），如 This is the day when I was born. = This is the day on which I was born. 2. 先行词为抽象地点：某些表抽象概念的名词（如 case, situation, point）作先行词时，用 where 作关系副词（如 We are in a situation where we need to make a decision.）。 3. 成分判断：若先行词在从句中作状语，用关系副词；作主语或宾语，用关系代词（如 This is the house where he lives. （live 为不及物动词，where 作状语）；This is the house that he bought. （bought 为及物动词，that 作宾语））。 二、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构 用法介绍 “介词 + 关系代词” 可替代关系副词，也可用于修饰先行词，其中关系代词指人用 whom，指物用 which，介词的选择取决于先行词搭配、从句动词搭配或句意。 结构类型 替代关系副词示例 独立修饰示例 介词 + which（指物） when = 介词 + which The day on which I was born.（我出生的那天。） This is the book about which we talked.（这是我们讨论过的书。）（talk about 搭配） 介词 + whom（指人） 无对应关系副词，表 “关于 / 对……” 等 The teacher with whom I worked was kind.（和我一起工作的老师很友善。）（work with 搭配） 注意事项 1. 介词选择三原则： o 依据先行词搭配（如 the key to which（钥匙对应的……，key 与 to 搭配））； o 依据从句动词搭配（如 the man whom I waited for（wait for 搭配，可改为 for whom））； o 依据句意逻辑（如 the house in which he lives（表 “在房子里”，用 in））。 2. 介词位置：介词可放在关系代词前，也可放在从句动词后（口语中常用后者），如 This is the person whom I referred to = This is the person to whom I referred. 3. 不可用 that：“介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，关系代词只能用 which/whom，不能用 that（错误：the box in that he put the book 正确：the box in which he put the book）。 三、定语从句特殊用法 用法介绍 定语从句在特定语境中需遵循特殊规则，如只用 that/which 的情况，或修饰整个主句的非限制性从句。 特殊情况 规则说明 示例 只用 that 不用 which 先行词含最高级、序数词；先行词既有人又有物；先行词为不定代词（all, nothing 等） This is the best film that I’ve seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。） He told me all that he knew.（他把知道的都告诉了我。） 只用 which 不用 that 引导非限制性定语从句；关系代词前有介词 She won the prize, which made us proud.（她获奖了，这让我们很骄傲。） This is the bag in which I put my books.（这是我装书的包。） as 引导的定语从句 与 such, the same 搭配（such...as, the same...as），表 “像…… 一样” He is such a kind man as everyone likes.（他是一个人人都喜欢的好人。） 注意事项 1. that 的省略：限制性定语从句中，that 作宾语时可省略（如 The book（that）I read is interesting.），但作主语时不可省略（错误：The man is my uncle that came yesterday. 正确：The man that came yesterday is my uncle.）。 2. as 与 which 的区别：as 引导的非限制性从句可放句首，which 不可（如As we know, the earth is round. 正确；Which we know, the earth is round. 错误）。 3. 避免重复：关系代词已指代先行词，从句中不可再出现重复的代词（错误：The house which it is red is mine. 正确：The house which is red is mine.）。 一、单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）We don’t know the reason he was absent from the class yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们不知道他昨天为什么没来上课。“ he was absent from the class yesterday”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导该定语从句。故填why。 2．（24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）The hotel we stayed last summer is highly recommended by the local people. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们去年夏天住过的那家旅馆是当地人极力推荐的。空处引导定语从句，先行词是hotel，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。 3．（24-25高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习）I finally understood the reason my mom had encouraged me not to give up. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我终于明白了妈妈一直鼓励我不要放弃的原因。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故填why。 4．（24-25高一上·江苏南通·期中）This is the house Mao Pijiang and Dong Xiaowan used to live. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是毛皮江和董小宛过去居住的房子。这个句子是个定语从句，先行词是house，在从句中充当地点状语。故答案是where。 5．（24-25高一上·江苏常州·期中）There are some cases we have to make a quick decision. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在某些情况下，我们必须迅速做出决定。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词cases，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6．（24-25高一上·上海·期中）I still remember the day everything changed when a single phone call delivered the long-awaited news of my dream job offer. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when/on which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得那一天，一切都改变了，一个电话传来了我梦寐以求的工作机会的消息。空处引导定语从句，先行词是day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，使用关系副词when引导；此处也可使用“介词+关系词”引导定语从句，指“在那一天”使用介词on，关系词在从句中作on的宾语，使用关系代词which，故填when/on which。 7．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）— Is that the small farm you often talk about? — Exactly, just the one I used to work for years. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——那就是你常说的那个小农场吗？——没错，就是我曾经工作多年的那家。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the one，the one指代前面提到的the small farm，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 8．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）He is the man from house the picture was stolen. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他就是那个家里的画被偷的人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the man，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰house，应用“介词from+关系代词whose”引导。故填whose。 9．（24-25高一上·重庆·期中）That grand bridge, which the latest construction method has been applied, is now welcoming praises from citizens. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：那座大桥采用了最新的施工方法，现在受到市民们的好评。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，结合短语apply to表示“应用于”。故填to。 10．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）I was deeply impressed by the way the teacher encouraged every student to share their ideas freely, making everyone feel valued and heard. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】in which/that/不填 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师鼓励每个学生自由地分享他们的想法，让每个人都感到被重视和被倾听，这给我留下了深刻的印象。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为way，在从句中作方式状语，可用in which/that引导，也可以省略。故填in which/that/不填。 11．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Do you know the student to our teacher often talks? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你知道老师经常谈话的那个学生是谁吗？talk to sb.“和某人谈话”，其中to为介词。student后为定语从句，先行词是the student，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词to的宾语，可以用“介词to+whom”引导定语从句，故填whom。 12．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）He made a hole in the wall which he could get into the house. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】through 【详解】考查介词。句意：这个聪明的男孩在墙上挖了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到房子里发生的事情。“通过”译为through，空处是“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词是hole，指物，关系词which在从句中作介词through的宾语。故填through。 13．（23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Teenagers may experience situations their body development slows down. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：青少年可能会经历身体发育减慢的情况。此处为定语从句，代替先行词situations在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 14．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）The movie reminded me of the days I was well taken care of in that far-away village. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部电影使我想起了我在那个遥远的村庄受到很好的照顾的日子。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词days，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的时间，作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词。故填when。 15．（24-25高一上·山东淄博·期中）You must have had some moments you were disappointed. If so, how did you deal with them? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你一定有过失望的时候。如果有，你是如何处理的？定语从句修饰先行词moments，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。 二、单项选择 1. （24-25高一上·天津·期中）Can you tell me the reason ________ you didn’t come to his birthday party? A．when B．which C．who D．why 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能告诉我你没来参加他生日派对的原因吗？分析句子可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是“the reason”（原因），关系副词“why”替代先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，符合“the reason why...”（……的原因）这一固定搭配。故选D项。 2. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）The professor has made it clear to his students that there are occasions joking is not allowed. A．when B．where C．in which D．that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：教授已经向学生们明确表示，有些场合是不允许开玩笑的。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词occasions，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。故选A。 3. （24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期中）The Olympic Games are a series of sporting events for countries and regions in the world athletes compete and show sportsmanship. A．what B．where C．how D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：奥林匹克运动会是世界各国和各地区运动员相互竞争和展示体育精神的一系列体育赛事。句中先行词为a series of sporting events，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B。 4. （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）The Space Camp is an educational camp ______ children can learn about space travel and have lunch with an astronaut. A．when B．which C．where D．who 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：太空营是一个教育性的夏令营，孩子们可以学习太空旅行，并与宇航员共进午餐。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词an educational camp，且在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故选C。 5. （24-25高一上·黑龙江鸡西·期中）Can you design an activity __________ students practise their speaking skill? A．and B．where C．which D．in that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能设计一个让学生练习口语技能的活动吗？空处引导一个定语从句，先行词为an activity，且从句中缺少地点状语，表示在这个活动中，所以应用where引导。故选B。 6. （24-25高一上·重庆·期中）It is the moment ________ our team was announced winner ________ I will never forget. A．that; that B．that; who C．when; that D．when; who 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们队被宣布为冠军那一刻。第一空处到第二空前为关系副词when引导的定语从句，描述the moment这个时间点的具体内容。强调句的结构是It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...，句中从the moment到winner是被强调部分，指事情，第二空处连接词用that。故选C项。 7. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）In a society being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slimdown quickly. A．that B．which C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个人们通常认为苗条是美丽的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来快速减肥。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为society，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故选C项。 8. （24-25高一上·黑龙江牡丹江·期中）— Sorry! I can’t remember the age ________ Alice won the prize. — 12-year-old, I guess. A．when B．that C．where D．who 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——对不起！我记不起爱丽丝获奖的年龄了。——我猜是12岁。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the age，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故选A。 9. （24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）The silence in the room gave rise to a curious situation ________ we were all at a loss what to do next. A．which B．where C．that D．why 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：房间里一片寂静，造成了一种奇怪的局面，我们都不知道下一步该怎么办。句中先行词为situation，关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B。 10. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane. A．where B．which C．while D．why 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他让自己陷入了危险的境地，在这种境地下，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选A。 11. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）The comprehensive treatment will persist until the patient successfully reaches the milestone ________ he demonstrates significant improvements in both mobility and stability. A．where B．which C．that D．after 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：综合治疗将持续进行，直到患者成功达到活动能力和稳定性都有显著改善的转折点。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词milestone“转折点，重要阶段”，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故选A。 12. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Is this hotel __________ offered you a job __________ you got free accommodation in exchange for working on the weekends? A．which; where B．the one; in which C．the one that; where D．where; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家酒店是不是那家为你提供工作，让你可以在周末工作以换取免费住宿的酒店？第一空，空处用the one指代the hotel在主句中作表语，the one又作为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，指物，应用that引导该限制性定语从句；第二空，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词job，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选C。 13. （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）It was in my senior high school ________I met the well-respected teachers ________I made great progress in many aspects. A．that; that B．where; when C．that; when D．where; that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：正是在我遇到这些受人尊敬的老师的高中，我在很多方面都取得了很大的进步。分析句子结构，第一个空引导定语从句，修饰先行词my senior high school，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where引导。去掉It was和第二个空，句子的结构和意思均完整，所以本句是一个it is/was...that/who...强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语in my senior high school，所以应用that连接。故选D。 14. （23-24高一上·天津·期中）I went to the beach with my friends last weekend we enjoyed ourselves. A．that B．who C．which D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周末我和朋友们去了海滩，在那里我们玩得很开心。分析句子可知，空格处是限定性定语从句的引导词。先行词是the beach，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故选D。 15. （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期中）Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight matters more than hearing. A．where B．when C．why D．that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些成功的聋哑舞者认为跳舞是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个定语从句，对先行词activity进行限定说明，activity表示“抽象的地点”，在从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选A项。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末）As a freshman in high school, I faced numerous problems while learning English. It was a major 1 for me, and my progress was slow. 2 , I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning. My 3 towards English was not positive, and it seemed like a very difficult task. One day, my English teacher noticed my problems and 4 my situation as a common type of challenges that many students face. She sat with me and provided 5 suggestions on how to learn English. She 6 the importance of having the right attitude and determination, which she said were key 7 in overcoming the difficulties. She recommended 8 methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more 9 . With her 10 instruction, my English skills began to improve quickly. I learned that my 11 was an important aspect that could either affect or help my progress. This experience taught me that with the right 12 , any difficulty can be overcome. It proves the saying, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning 13 . I’ve come to understand that every 14 is an opportunity to grow, and with hard work, there’s nothing that can’t be 15 . 1. A．opportunity B．adventure C．challenge D．decision 2. A．Politely B．Actually C．Surprisingly D．Easily 3. A．choice B．design C．skill D．attitude 4. A．referred to B．gave up C．looked after D．put up 5. A．wealthy B．useless C．specific D．original 6. A．impressed B．stressed C．revised D．organized 7. A．strengths B．documents C．proposals D．factors 8. A．traditional B．awkward C．economic D．complex 9. A．confusing B．stressful C．fun D．calm 10. A．perfect B．fluent C．familiar D．convenient 11. A．program B．destination C．project D．attitude 12. A．clues B．means C．contributions D．resources 13. A．journey B．description C．tie D．symbol 14. A．wisdom B．goal C．struggle D．situation 15. A．competed B．buried C．hosted D．achieved 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者高中英语学习的困难和进步过程。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一个巨大的挑战，我的进步很慢。A. opportunity机会；B. adventure冒险；C. challenge挑战；D. decision决定。根据上文“As a freshman in high school, I faced numerous problems while learning English.(作为一名高中新生，我在学习英语的过程中遇到了很多问题)”可知，作者学习英语时面临很多问题，以及进步缓慢，所以这是一个巨大的“挑战”。故选C。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，我经常被语言学习的起起落落打败。A. Politely礼貌地；B. Actually实际上；C. Surprisingly惊人地；D. Easily容易地。根据下文“I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning.(我经常被语言学习的起起落落打败)”可知，下文是对现实的客观描述，这里需要一个表示事实或实际情况的副词，用Actually“实际上”。故选B。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对英语的态度不积极，这似乎是一项非常困难的任务。A. choice选择；B. design设计；C. skill技能；D. attitude态度。根据下文“having the right attitude”可知，这里指的是作者对英语的态度。故选D。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，我的英语老师注意到我的问题，把我的情况视为许多学生面临的常见挑战类型。A. referred to提到，涉及；B. gave up放弃；C. looked after照顾；D. put up张贴。根据上文“One day, my English teacher noticed my problems and”和下文“my situation as a common type of challenges that many students face”可知，英语老师注意到作者的问题，把作者的情况视为许多学生面临的常见挑战类型，此处为短语refer to…as表示“把……视为”。故选A。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她坐下来，给我提供了关于如何学习英语的具体建议。A. wealthy富有的；B. useless无用的；C. specific具体的；D. original最初的。根据下文“suggestions on how to learn English”可知，英语老师给出建议，可知这些建议是“具体的”学习英语的建议。故选C。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她强调了拥有正确态度和决心的重要性，她说这是解决困难的关键因素。A. impressed使印象深刻；B. stressed强调；C. revised修改；D. organized组织。根据下文“the importance of having the right attitude and determination”可知，这里表示老师“强调”了正确态度和决心的重要性。故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她强调了拥有正确态度和决心的重要性，她说这是解决困难的关键因素。A. strengths优点；B. documents文件；C. proposals建议书；D. factors因素。根据上文“having the right attitude and determination”和下文“in solving the difficulties”可知，这里表示正确态度和决心是解决困难的关键“因素”。故选D。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她向我推荐了传统的方法，比如写词汇日记，把新单词和我最喜欢的电影中的角色联系起来。A. traditional传统的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. economic经济的；D. complex复杂的。根据后文“like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies”可知，推荐是一些传统的学习方法，故选A。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使学习过程变得更加有趣。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. stressful紧张的；C. fun有趣的；D. calm冷静的。根据上文“methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies”可知，指上文提到的方法使学习过程变得更加“有趣”。故选C。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她的正确指导下，我的英语水平开始迅速提高。A. perfect完全正确的，完美的；B. fluent流利的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. convenient方便的。根据后文“my English skills began to improve quickly”可知，英语水平开始提高，说明指导很正确。故选A。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我了解到我的态度是一个重要的方面，可以影响或帮助我的进步。A. program程序；B. destination目的地；C. project项目；D. attitude态度。呼应上文“having the right attitude”可知，这里表示作者意识到态度是一个重要的方面，因为可以帮助作者取得进步。故选D。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次经历告诉我，只要有正确的方法，任何困难都可以解决。A. clues线索；B. means方法；C. contributions贡献；D. resources资源。根据上文“methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more”和下文“any difficulty can be solved”可知，老师给作者提供学习方法，可知这里表示只要有正确的“方法”，困难就可以解决。故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我看到我最初的困难只是学习旅程的一部分。A. journey旅程；B. description描述；C. tie联系；D. symbol象征。根据上文“Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning”可知，这里表示困难只是学习“旅程”的一部分。故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，每一个挣扎都是成长的机会，只要努力，就没有什么不能实现的。A. wisdom智慧；B. goal目标；C. struggle挣扎；D. situation情况。根据下文“is a chance to grow”，以及上文“Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning”提到的困难是学习旅程的一部分可知，这里表示“挣扎”是成长的机会。故选C。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. competed竞争；B. buried埋葬；C. hosted主办；D. achieved实现。根据上文“with hard work, there’s nothing that can’t be”可知，这里表示只要努力，就没有什么不能“实现”的。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河北保定·阶段练习）As a freshman in high school, I faced a lot of problems while learning English. It was a major 1 for me, and my progress was slow. 2 , I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning. My 3 towards English was not positive, and it seemed like a very difficult task. One day, my English teacher noticed my problems and 4 my situation as a common type of challenges that many students face. She sat with me and provided 5 suggestions on how to learn English. She 6 the importance of having the right attitude and determination, which she said were key 7 in solving the difficulties. She 8 classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more 9 . With her help, my English skills began to improve 10 . I learned that my attitude was an important 11 that could help me make progress. This experience taught me that with the right 12 , any difficulty can be solved. It proves the saying, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning 13 . I’ve come to understand that every 14 is a chance to grow, and with hard work, there’s nothing that can’t be 15 . 1. A．process B．adventure C．struggle D．difference 2. A．Politely B．Actually C．Equally D．Likely 3. A．choice B．design C．credit D．attitude 4. A．referred to B．turned to C．checked out D．worked out 5. A．annoying B．confident C．specific D．confusing 6. A．impressed B．stressed C．admired D．organized 7. A．effects B．documents C．affairs D．factors 8. A．recommended B．commented C．contacted D．regarded 9. A．useful B．traditional C．interesting D．calm 10. A．creatively B．rapidly C．softly D．carefully 11. A．program B．destination C．project D．point 12. A．clues B．means C．summaries D．demands 13. A．journey B．source C．quality D．symbol 14. A．strategy B．aid C．challenge D．situation 15. A．competed B．preserved C．hosted D．achieved 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者高中英语学习的困难和进步过程。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一场巨大的挣扎，我的进步很慢。A. process过程；B. adventure冒险；C. struggle挣扎，努力；D. difference不同。根据上文“As a freshman in high school, I faced a lot of problems while learning English”可知，作者学习英语时面临很多问题，以及进步缓慢，所以这是一场巨大的“挣扎”。故选C。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，我经常被语言学习的起起落落打败。A. Politely礼貌地；B. Actually实际上；C. Equally平等地；D. Likely可能地。根据下文“I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning”可知，下文是对现实的客观描述，这里需要一个表示事实或实际情况的副词，用Actually“实际上”。故选B。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对英语的态度不积极，这似乎是一项非常困难的任务。A. choice选择；B. design设计；C. credit信用；D. attitude态度。根据下文提到的“my attitude was an important 11 that could help me make progress”可知，这里指的是作者对英语的态度。故选D。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，我的英语老师注意到我的问题，把我的情况视为许多学生面临的常见挑战类型。A. referred to提到，涉及；B. turned to转向；C. checked out核实，检查；D. worked out解决，计算出。根据上文“One day, my English teacher noticed my problems and”和下文“my situation as a common type of challenges that many students face”可知，英语老师注意到作者的问题，把作者的情况视为许多学生面临的常见挑战类型。故选A。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她坐下来，给我提供了关于如何学习英语的具体建议。A. annoying令人恼怒的；B. confident自信的；C. specific具体的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据下文“suggestions on how to learn English”可知，英语老师给出建议，可知这些建议是“具体的”学习英语的建议。故选C。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她强调了拥有正确态度和决心的重要性，她说这是解决困难的关键因素。A. impressed使印象深刻；B. stressed强调；C. admired钦佩；D. organized组织。根据下文“the importance of having the right attitude and determination”可知，这里表示老师“强调”了正确态度和决心的重要性。故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. effects影响；B. documents文件；C. affairs事务；D. factors因素。根据上文“having the right attitude and determination”和下文“in solving the difficulties”可知，这里表示正确态度和决心是解决困难的关键“因素”。故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她向我推荐了经典的方法，比如记词汇日记，把新单词和我最喜欢的电影中的角色联系起来。A. recommended推荐；B. commented评论；C. contacted联系；D. regarded认为。根据下文“classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies.”可知，这里表示老师给作者推荐了学习方法。故选A。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使学习过程变得更加有趣。A. useful有用的；B. traditional传统的；C. interesting有趣的；D. calm冷静的。根据上文“She 　8　 classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more”可知，这些方法使学习过程变得更加“有趣”。故选C。 10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在她的帮助下，我的英语技能开始迅速提高。A. creatively创造性地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. softly柔软地；D. carefully仔细地。根据上文“With her help, my English skills began to improve”可知，在老师帮助下，作者的英语技能开始“迅速”提高。故选B。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我的态度是一个重要的点，可以帮助我取得进步。A. program程序；B. destination目的地；C. project项目；D. point要点，重点。根据下文“that could help me make progress”可知，这里表示作者意识到态度是一个重要的“要点”或“重点”，因为可以帮助作者取得进步。故选D。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次经历告诉我，只要有正确的方法，任何困难都可以解决。A. clues线索；B. means方法；C. summaries总结；D. demands要求。根据上文“She  　8　 classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more”和下文“any difficulty can be solved”可知，老师给作者提供学习方法，可知这里表示只要有正确的“方法”，困难就可以解决。故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我看到我最初的困难只是学习旅程的一部分。A. journey旅程；B. source来源；C. quality质量；D. symbol象征。根据上文“Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning”可知，这里表示困难只是学习“旅程”的一部分。故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，每一个挑战都是成长的机会，只要努力，就没有什么不能实现的。A. strategy策略；B. aid帮助；C. challenge挑战；D. situation情况。根据下文“is a chance to grow”，以及上文“Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning”提到的困难是学习旅程的一部分可知，这里表示“挑战”是成长的机会。故选C。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. competed竞争；B. preserved保护；C. hosted主办；D. achieved实现。根据上文“with hard work, there’s nothing that can’t be”可知，这里表示只要努力，就没有什么不能“实现”的。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）I never planned on learning Chinese. Even when I found out I was going to Hongkong, I thought that I would be able to get by with English. However, it didn’t take long for me to 1 how naive (天真的) I was. Chinese characters are totally foreign and hard to 2 . I quickly got sick of a state of being confused and decided to 3 for the Chinese class offered by my university. I had Chinese every weekday, after which I spent at least an hour 4 the lesson. In the evening my friends and I quizzed each other on the 5 we had to memorize. More importantly, I made a conscious 6 to speak in Chinese in stores and restaurants. I was 7 when I was able to maintain a simple conversation with the locals. When I regularly achieved A’s on my Chinese exams, I thought it was time to take a 8 from studying Chinese every day and focus on my other classes. Unluckily, this turned out to be a(n) 9 . Due to the break, my whole study habits were suffering and the other lessons themselves were getting 10 . I had to come up with new study methods and 11 over. With finals drawing near, I have set my golden rule: there isn’t a(n) 12 way to learn a new language. Once you realize and accept that you are a beginner, it becomes an ongoing process of exploration, 13 , rethinking, and trying again. Can I speak it out smoothly now? Not even close. And I may 14 be. But I learned how to be honest with myself and push through 15 . 1. A．remember B．realize C．recall D．retell 2. A．understand B．teach C．write D．find 3. A．go in B．sign up C．stick up D．come in 4. A．challenging B．reminding C．reviewing D．presenting 5. A．structures B．articles C．idioms D．characters 6. A．effort B．statement C．opportunity D．proposal 7. A．relaxed B．shocked C．delighted D．stressed 8. A．chance B．result C．change D．break 9. A．mistake B．challenge C．stage D．escape 10. A．fewer B．harder C．longer D．faster 11. A．took B．finished C．memorized D．started 12. A．creative B．useful C．easy D．optional 13. A．success B．invention C．creation D．failure 14. A．often B．never C．always D．seldom 15. A．difficulties B．shortcomings C．possibilities D．disasters 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在香港学习中文的经历和感悟。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快就意识到我是多么的天真。A. remember记得；B. realize意识到；C. recall回想起；D. retell复述。根据前文的“I never planned on learning Chinese. Even when I found out I was going to Hongkong, I thought that I would be able to get by with English.”和后文的“how naive (天真的) I was”可知，从未打算学习中文的作者很快意识到自己的想法很天真。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：汉字完全是陌生的，很难理解。A. understand理解；B. teach教；C. write写；D. find发现。根据前文的“Chinese characters are totally foreign and hard to”和后文“I quickly got sick of a state of being confused”可知，汉字对作者来说是陌生的，让作者困惑，因此很难理解。故选A。 3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很快就厌倦了这种困惑的状态，决定报名参加大学提供的中文课。A. go in进去；B. sign up报名参加；C. stick up坚持；D. come in进来。根据后文的“for the Chinese class offered by my university”可知，作者决定报名参加中文课。故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每个工作日都有中文课，之后我至少花一个小时复习功课。A. challenging挑战；B. reminding提醒；C. reviewing复习；D. presenting提出。根据前文的“I had Chinese every weekday, after which I spent at least an hour”和后文的“the lesson”可知，作者学完后复习功课。故选C。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：晚上，我和朋友们互相测试我们必须记住的汉字。A. structures结构；B. articles文章；C. idioms习语；D. characters汉字。根据后文的“we had to memorize”可知，作者和朋友们是在测试需要记住的汉字。故选D。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我有意识地努力在商店和餐馆里说中文。A. effort努力；B. statement声明；C. opportunity机会；D. proposal提议。根据后文的“to speak in Chinese in stores and restaurants”可知，作者是在努力说中文。故选A。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我能和当地人进行简单的对话时，我感到很高兴。A. relaxed放松的；B. shocked震惊的；C. delighted高兴的；D. stressed紧张的。根据后文的“when I was able to maintain a simple conversation with the locals”可知，作者能够进行简单的对话，因此感到很高兴。故选C。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在中文考试中经常得到A时，我认为是时候从每天学习中文中休息一下，专注于其他课程了。A. chance机会；B. result结果；C. change改变；D. break休息。根据前文的“When I regularly achieved A’s on my Chinese exams”和后文的“from studying Chinese every day and focus on my other classes”“Due to the break”可知，作者中文学习成绩不错，认为是从每天学习中文中休息一下的时候了。take a break“休息一下”。故选D。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这被证明是一个错误。A. mistake错误；B. challenge挑战；C. stage阶段；D. escape逃脱。根据前文的“Unluckily, this turned out to be a(n)”和后文的“Due to the break, my whole study habits were suffering”可知，作者停止学习中文是一个错误。故选A。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于休息，我的整个学习习惯都受到了影响，其他课程本身也变得更难了。A. fewer更少的；B. harder更难的；C. longer更长的；D. faster更快的。根据前文的“Unluckily, this turned out to be a(n) 　 9　. Due to the break, my whole study habits were suffering and the other lessons themselves were getting”可知，作者停止学习中文是一个错误，整个学习习惯都受到了影响，其他课程也变得更难了。故选B。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不想出新的学习方法，重新开始。A. took带走；B. finished完成；C. memorized记住；D. started开始。根据前文的“I had to come up with new study methods and”可知，作者不得不想出新的学习方法，要重新开始。故选D。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着期末考试的临近，我给自己定下了一条黄金法则：学习一门新语言没有容易的方法。A. creative创造性的；B. useful有用的；C. easy容易的；D. optional可选择的。根据后文的“Once you realize and accept that you are a beginner, it becomes an ongoing process of exploration, 　13　, rethinking, and trying again”可知，一旦你意识到并接受你是一个初学者，它就成为一个持续的探索、重新思考和再试的过程。所以学习一门新语言没有容易的方法。故选C。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦你意识到并接受你是一个初学者，它就成为一个持续的探索、失败、重新思考和再试的过程。A. success成功；B. invention发明；C. creation创造；D. failure失败。根据前文的“it becomes an ongoing process of exploration”和后文的“rethinking, and trying again”可知，作者认为学习新语言的过程中会有失败。故选D。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我可能永远不会。A. often经常；B. never从不；C. always总是；D. seldom很少。根据前文的“Can I speak it out smoothly now? Not even close.”可知，作者认为自己可能永远不会说得很流利。故选B。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我学会了如何对自己诚实，克服困难。A. difficulties困难；B. shortcomings缺点；C. possibilities可能性；D. disasters灾难。根据前文可知，作者认为对于学习语言，一旦你意识到并接受自己是个初学者，这就变成了一个不断探索、失败、反思和再尝试的过程，因此学习一门语言没有简单的方法。由此表明虽然作者可能永远都不能流利的说汉语，但是在学习汉语的过程中，却学会了如何对自己诚实，如何克服困难。故选A。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Two speakers with different first languages usually use English 1 (communicate) with each other. For many people, the need to communicate is much more important 2   the need to sound like a native speaker. As a result, language use is changing 3 (great). For example, speakers might not use “a” or “the” in front of nouns, or they might make uncountable nouns plural and be used to 4 (say) “informations”, “furnitures” or “progresses”. Are these variations (变化) mistakes? Or part of the 5 (nature) development of different Englishes? “International English” refers to (指的是) the English 6 is used and developed by everyone in the world and isn’t owned by native speakers. And there 7 (be)a lot of different opinions about whether International English should be standardized and how. To make more people know about the history, culture and achievements of the English language, English Language Day 8 (celebrate) on 23 April every year. This day is chosen because it is thought to be Shakespeare’s birthday, and the anniversary (周年纪念) of his death. Shakespeare had 9 huge influence on modern-day English. He had great creativity in language. The 10 (word) such as “gossip”, “fashionable” and “lonely” were all first used by Shakespeare. 【答案】 1. to communicate 2. than 3. greatly 4. saying 5. natural 6. that/which 7. are 8. is celebrated 9. a 10. words 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了国际英语的使用、变化及其标准化问题，并通过英语语言日的设立来强调英语的历史、文化和成就。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两位母语不同的人通常会用英语进行交流。空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式，表目的。故填to communicate。 2. 考查介词。句意：对许多人来说，交流的需求远比说得像以英语为母语的人那样地道重要得多。空处为介词，根据空前的“more important”可知，空处为介词“than”意为“比……”。故填than。 3. 考查副词。句意：因此，语言的使用正在发生巨大变化。空处为修饰动词用副词形式。故填greatly。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，说话者可能不会在名词前使用“a”或“the”，或者他们可能会把不可数名词变成复数形式，习惯说“informations”、“furnitures”或“progresses”。空处为非谓语动词担当介词“to”后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填saying。 5. 考查形容词。句意：还是不同英语变体自然发展的一部分呢？修饰名词用形容词形式。故填natural。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：“国际英语”指的是由世界各地的人使用并发展起来的英语，并非为以英语为母语的人所独有。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the English”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 7. 考查谓语动词。句意：对于国际英语是否应该标准化以及如何标准化，存在诸多不同的观点。空处为本句谓语动词；本句为倒装句，主语为“a lot of different opinions”复数；根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时。故填are。 8. 考查谓语动词。句意：为了让更多人了解英语语言的历史、文化和成就，每年的4月23日被定为英语语言日。空处为本句谓语动词；根据“23 April every year”可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语“English Language Day”为单数，和动词“celebrate”之间为被动关系。故填is celebrated。 9. 考查冠词。句意：莎士比亚对现代英语产生了巨大影响。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。 10. 考查名词的数。句意：像“gossip”、“fashionable”和“lonely”这些单词都是莎士比亚最先使用的。空处为名词形式担当主语；根据谓语动词“were”等可知，主语为名词的复数形式。故填words。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）语篇填空 Chinese characters are so 1 (amaze) that even many foreigners are crazy about them. In the past three decades, Richard Sears 2 (focus) on one thing: telling many stories behind Chinese characters. His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972. He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源), 3 provides visitors with opportunities to check the development of Chinese characters in a variety of forms for free. Because of this well-received website, he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname (昵称) which 4 (give) by Chinese netizens. In September, Sears set up 5 (he) studio in Nanjing as part of the local government’s plan to promote Chinese culture. 6 (help) both Chinese and foreign learners have a better understanding of Chinese characters, the studio tells stories behind Chinese characters 7 the aid of technology. They have made over 60 videos in English with Chinese subtitles for Bilibili, a popular video website among young people. 8 (watch) the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters, leaving them a deep 9 (impress). With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government’s support, more people will appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters 10 (full). 【答案】 1. amazing 2. has been focused 3. which 4. was given 5. his 6. To help 7. with 8. Watching 9. impression 10. fully 【文件】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了理查德·西尔斯一直专注于讲述汉字背后故事。 1. 考查形容词。句意：汉字是如此神奇，以至于许多外国人都为之疯狂。空格处是表语，说明主语Chinese characters，为物，表示“惊人的”，应用说明事物状态或性质的-ing形容词amazing。故填amazing。 2. 考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，理查德·西尔斯一直专注于一件事：讲述许多中国汉字背后的故事。根据时间状语In the past three decades可知，句子时态用现在完成时；结合短语be focused on“专注于”，其中形容词focused用来描述主语的状态，对某一事物或目标有专注、集中注意力的态度或行为，主语Richard Sears为第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has been focused。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：他在2002年建立了一个网站，并将其命名为“汉语词源”，这个网站给访问者提供机会可以免费查看各种形式的汉字的发展情况。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a website，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4. 考查动词时态语态。句意：因为这个广受欢迎的网站，他成了中国网民给他起的绰号“汉字叔叔”。空格处在句中作which引导的定语从句的谓语，根据became可知，描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，give与先行词nickname之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填was given。 5. 考查代词。句意：今年9月，西尔斯在南京成立了自己的工作室，这是当地政府推广中国文化计划的一部分。此处修饰名词studio，应用形容词性物主代词his，作定语。故填his。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助中外学习者更好地理解汉字，该工作室致力于借助技术手段讲述汉字背后的故事。空格处用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To help。 7. 考查介词。句意：为了帮助中外学习者更好地理解汉字，工作室借助科技讲述汉字背后的故事。固定短语with the aid of表示“借助于，在……的帮助下”。故填with。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：观看这些视频不仅带来乐趣，而且让人们更加了解汉字，给他们留下了深刻的印象。空处作主语，应用动名词形式，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Watching。 9. 考查名词。句意：观看这些视频不仅带来乐趣，而且让人们更加了解汉字，给他们留下了深刻的印象。此处应用名词impression作宾语，由a可知，应用单数形式，leave sb. a deep impression，意为“给某人留下深刻印象”。故填impression。 10. 考查副词。句意：在西尔斯等人的不懈努力和政府的支持下，更多的人将充分领略汉字的美。修饰动词appreciate应用副词fully作状语。故填fully。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·青海西宁·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Learning languages has many advantages: feeling confident when travelling abroad, making friends 1 (international), being able to read books in the original (原版的), and a lot more, like studying and working in other 2 (country). Most people live under the stereotype (刻板印象) that they lose their learning abilities with age. However, if faced 3 a challenge when there is no other way except to learn the new foreign language, adult people can show great results. Before 4 (decide) how to learn a new language, the first thing is to decide in which situation the language is to be used. If the target is, for example, 5 (travel) or find new business at some international events, a course focusing on speaking practices is recommended (推荐). The basic vocabulary and 6 (conversation) structures, studied and practised heavily during a short period of time, may lead to the needed result, which might be the ability to communicate on the streets or support 7 small business talk. Usually the two or three months of study 8 (be) enough to start communicating. However, if brought back shortly to the usual environment, the person might lose the majority of knowledge if there would not be any supporting practice afterwards. Unfortunately, without practical usage 9 further development, the language abilities may go away as easily as they came. The language cannot 10 (learn) once and forever. 【答案】 1. internationally 2. countries 3. with 4. deciding 5. to travel 6. conversational 7. a 8. is 9. or 10. be learned/ be learnt 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了学习语言有很多好处，所以不要怕自己年龄大了学不好。首先要确定自己学习一门新语言的目的，然后学习以后要经常使用它，语言的学习并不是一劳永逸的。 1. 考查副词。句意：学习语言有很多好处：出国旅行时感到自信，在国际上交朋友，能够阅读原版书籍，还有更多的好处，比如在其他国家学习和工作。空处在句子中作状语，应用副词形式。故填internationally。 2. 考查名词。句意：学习语言有很多好处：出国旅行时感到自信，在国际上交朋友，能够阅读原版书籍，还有更多的好处，比如在其他国家学习和工作。空处在句子中作宾语，应用名词，根据空处前面的other可知，空处应填名词的复数形式。故填countries。 3. 考查介词。句意：然而，如果面对除了学习新外语之外别无选择的挑战，成年人可以取得巨大的成绩。faced with为固定短语，意为“面对……”。故填with。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在决定如何学习一门新语言之前，首先要决定在何种情况下使用该语言。介词before后接动名词形式，作宾语。故填deciding。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，如果目标是旅行或在一些国际活动中寻找新业务，建议学一门专注于口语练习的课程。空处在句子中做表语，使用非谓语动词，因空处表示的是一个指向将来的不确定的动作，应用动词不定式。故填to travel。 6. 考查形容词。句意：在短期内大量学习和练习基础词汇和会话结构，可能会带来所需的结果，比如能够在街上交流或支持小型商务谈判。空处在句子中修饰名词，作定语，应用形容词形式。故填conversational。 7. 考查冠词。句意：在短期内大量学习和练习基础词汇和会话结构，可能会带来所需的结果，比如能够在街上交流或支持小型商务谈判。空处考查冠词，表示“一个小型商务谈判”，应用不定冠词，small以辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。 8. 考查时态。句意：通常，两三个月的学习就足够开始交流了。空处作谓语，且句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the two or three months of study表示一段时间，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。 9. 考查连词。句意：不幸的是，如果没有实际使用或进一步发展，语言能力可能会像它们来的时候一样容易消失。根据句意，介词without后practical usage和further development均为名词短语，表示选择关系，应用表示选择关系的并列连词。故填or。 10. 考查被动语态。句意：语言不能一劳永逸地学会。空处在句子中作谓语，learn与主语the language之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据空处前面的情态动词can可知，此处使用“情态动词+be done”结构。故填be learned/be learnt。 3 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$单元核心语法·精练 必修一 Unit 5 Languages around the World （定语从句（二）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、关系副词的基本用法 用法介绍 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，指代先行词表示的时间、地点或原因，常见的有 when, where, why。 关系副词 指代先行词类型 在从句中作成分 示例 when 表时间的名词（time, day 等） 时间状语 I remember the day when we first met.（我记得我们第一次见面的那天。） where 表地点的名词（place, city 等） 地点状语 This is the school where I studied.（这是我就读过的学校。） why 表原因的名词（reason） 原因状语 Do you know the reason why he was late?（你知道他迟到的原因吗？） 注意事项 1. 与 “介词 + 关系代词” 的转换：关系副词可转换为 “介词 + which”（如 when = on/in/at + which；where = in/at + which；why = for + which），如 This is the day when I was born. = This is the day on which I was born. 2. 先行词为抽象地点：某些表抽象概念的名词（如 case, situation, point）作先行词时，用 where 作关系副词（如 We are in a situation where we need to make a decision.）。 3. 成分判断：若先行词在从句中作状语，用关系副词；作主语或宾语，用关系代词（如 This is the house where he lives. （live 为不及物动词，where 作状语）；This is the house that he bought. （bought 为及物动词，that 作宾语））。 二、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构 用法介绍 “介词 + 关系代词” 可替代关系副词，也可用于修饰先行词，其中关系代词指人用 whom，指物用 which，介词的选择取决于先行词搭配、从句动词搭配或句意。 结构类型 替代关系副词示例 独立修饰示例 介词 + which（指物） when = 介词 + which The day on which I was born.（我出生的那天。） This is the book about which we talked.（这是我们讨论过的书。）（talk about 搭配） 介词 + whom（指人） 无对应关系副词，表 “关于 / 对……” 等 The teacher with whom I worked was kind.（和我一起工作的老师很友善。）（work with 搭配） 注意事项 1. 介词选择三原则： o 依据先行词搭配（如 the key to which（钥匙对应的……，key 与 to 搭配））； o 依据从句动词搭配（如 the man whom I waited for（wait for 搭配，可改为 for whom））； o 依据句意逻辑（如 the house in which he lives（表 “在房子里”，用 in））。 2. 介词位置：介词可放在关系代词前，也可放在从句动词后（口语中常用后者），如 This is the person whom I referred to = This is the person to whom I referred. 3. 不可用 that：“介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，关系代词只能用 which/whom，不能用 that（错误：the box in that he put the book 正确：the box in which he put the book）。 三、定语从句特殊用法 用法介绍 定语从句在特定语境中需遵循特殊规则，如只用 that/which 的情况，或修饰整个主句的非限制性从句。 特殊情况 规则说明 示例 只用 that 不用 which 先行词含最高级、序数词；先行词既有人又有物；先行词为不定代词（all, nothing 等） This is the best film that I’ve seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。） He told me all that he knew.（他把知道的都告诉了我。） 只用 which 不用 that 引导非限制性定语从句；关系代词前有介词 She won the prize, which made us proud.（她获奖了，这让我们很骄傲。） This is the bag in which I put my books.（这是我装书的包。） as 引导的定语从句 与 such, the same 搭配（such...as, the same...as），表 “像…… 一样” He is such a kind man as everyone likes.（他是一个人人都喜欢的好人。） 注意事项 1. that 的省略：限制性定语从句中，that 作宾语时可省略（如 The book（that）I read is interesting.），但作主语时不可省略（错误：The man is my uncle that came yesterday. 正确：The man that came yesterday is my uncle.）。 2. as 与 which 的区别：as 引导的非限制性从句可放句首，which 不可（如As we know, the earth is round. 正确；Which we know, the earth is round. 错误）。 3. 避免重复：关系代词已指代先行词，从句中不可再出现重复的代词（错误：The house which it is red is mine. 正确：The house which is red is mine.）。 一、单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）We don’t know the reason he was absent from the class yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 2．（24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）The hotel we stayed last summer is highly recommended by the local people. (用适当的词填空) 3．（24-25高一上·广东惠州·阶段练习）I finally understood the reason my mom had encouraged me not to give up. (用适当的词填空) 4．（24-25高一上·江苏南通·期中）This is the house Mao Pijiang and Dong Xiaowan used to live. (用适当的词填空) 5．（24-25高一上·江苏常州·期中）There are some cases we have to make a quick decision. (用适当的词填空) 6．（24-25高一上·上海·期中）I still remember the day everything changed when a single phone call delivered the long-awaited news of my dream job offer. (用适当的词填空) 7．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）— Is that the small farm you often talk about? — Exactly, just the one I used to work for years. (用适当的词填空) 8．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）He is the man from house the picture was stolen. (用适当的词填空) 9．（24-25高一上·重庆·期中）That grand bridge, which the latest construction method has been applied, is now welcoming praises from citizens. (用适当的词填空) 10．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）I was deeply impressed by the way the teacher encouraged every student to share their ideas freely, making everyone feel valued and heard. (用适当的词填空) 11．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Do you know the student to our teacher often talks? (用适当的词填空) 12．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）He made a hole in the wall which he could get into the house. (用适当的词填空) 13．（23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期中）Teenagers may experience situations their body development slows down. (用适当的词填空) 14．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）The movie reminded me of the days I was well taken care of in that far-away village. (用适当的词填空) 15．（24-25高一上·山东淄博·期中）You must have had some moments you were disappointed. If so, how did you deal with them? (用适当的词填空) 二、单项选择 1. （24-25高一上·天津·期中）Can you tell me the reason ________ you didn’t come to his birthday party? A．when B．which C．who D．why 2. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）The professor has made it clear to his students that there are occasions joking is not allowed. A．when B．where C．in which D．that 3. （24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期中）The Olympic Games are a series of sporting events for countries and regions in the world athletes compete and show sportsmanship. A．what B．where C．how D．which 4. （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）The Space Camp is an educational camp ______ children can learn about space travel and have lunch with an astronaut. A．when B．which C．where D．who 5. （24-25高一上·黑龙江鸡西·期中）Can you design an activity __________ students practise their speaking skill? A．and B．where C．which D．in that 6. （24-25高一上·重庆·期中）It is the moment ________ our team was announced winner ________ I will never forget. A．that; that B．that; who C．when; that D．when; who 7. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）In a society being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slimdown quickly. A．that B．which C．where D．when 8. （24-25高一上·黑龙江牡丹江·期中）— Sorry! I can’t remember the age ________ Alice won the prize. — 12-year-old, I guess. A．when B．that C．where D．who 9. （24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中）The silence in the room gave rise to a curious situation ________ we were all at a loss what to do next. A．which B．where C．that D．why 10. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane. A．where B．which C．while D．why 11. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）The comprehensive treatment will persist until the patient successfully reaches the milestone ________ he demonstrates significant improvements in both mobility and stability. A．where B．which C．that D．after 12. （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Is this hotel __________ offered you a job __________ you got free accommodation in exchange for working on the weekends? A．which; where B．the one; in which C．the one that; where D．where; that 13. （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）It was in my senior high school ________I met the well-respected teachers ________I made great progress in many aspects. A．that; that B．where; when C．that; when D．where; that 14. （23-24高一上·天津·期中）I went to the beach with my friends last weekend we enjoyed ourselves. A．that B．who C．which D．where 15. （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期中）Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight matters more than hearing. A．where B．when C．why D．that 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·安徽·期末）As a freshman in high school, I faced numerous problems while learning English. It was a major 1 for me, and my progress was slow. 2 , I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning. My 3 towards English was not positive, and it seemed like a very difficult task. One day, my English teacher noticed my problems and 4 my situation as a common type of challenges that many students face. She sat with me and provided 5 suggestions on how to learn English. She 6 the importance of having the right attitude and determination, which she said were key 7 in overcoming the difficulties. She recommended 8 methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more 9 . With her 10 instruction, my English skills began to improve quickly. I learned that my 11 was an important aspect that could either affect or help my progress. This experience taught me that with the right 12 , any difficulty can be overcome. It proves the saying, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning 13 . I’ve come to understand that every 14 is an opportunity to grow, and with hard work, there’s nothing that can’t be 15 . 1. A．opportunity B．adventure C．challenge D．decision 2. A．Politely B．Actually C．Surprisingly D．Easily 3. A．choice B．design C．skill D．attitude 4. A．referred to B．gave up C．looked after D．put up 5. A．wealthy B．useless C．specific D．original 6. A．impressed B．stressed C．revised D．organized 7. A．strengths B．documents C．proposals D．factors 8. A．traditional B．awkward C．economic D．complex 9. A．confusing B．stressful C．fun D．calm 10. A．perfect B．fluent C．familiar D．convenient 11. A．program B．destination C．project D．attitude 12. A．clues B．means C．contributions D．resources 13. A．journey B．description C．tie D．symbol 14. A．wisdom B．goal C．struggle D．situation 15. A．competed B．buried C．hosted D．achieved Passage 2 （24-25高一上·河北保定·阶段练习）As a freshman in high school, I faced a lot of problems while learning English. It was a major 1 for me, and my progress was slow. 2 , I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning. My 3 towards English was not positive, and it seemed like a very difficult task. One day, my English teacher noticed my problems and 4 my situation as a common type of challenges that many students face. She sat with me and provided 5 suggestions on how to learn English. She 6 the importance of having the right attitude and determination, which she said were key 7 in solving the difficulties. She 8 classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more 9 . With her help, my English skills began to improve 10 . I learned that my attitude was an important 11 that could help me make progress. This experience taught me that with the right 12 , any difficulty can be solved. It proves the saying, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning 13 . I’ve come to understand that every 14 is a chance to grow, and with hard work, there’s nothing that can’t be 15 . 1. A．process B．adventure C．struggle D．difference 2. A．Politely B．Actually C．Equally D．Likely 3. A．choice B．design C．credit D．attitude 4. A．referred to B．turned to C．checked out D．worked out 5. A．annoying B．confident C．specific D．confusing 6. A．impressed B．stressed C．admired D．organized 7. A．effects B．documents C．affairs D．factors 8. A．recommended B．commented C．contacted D．regarded 9. A．useful B．traditional C．interesting D．calm 10. A．creatively B．rapidly C．softly D．carefully 11. A．program B．destination C．project D．point 12. A．clues B．means C．summaries D．demands 13. A．journey B．source C．quality D．symbol 14. A．strategy B．aid C．challenge D．situation 15. A．competed B．preserved C．hosted D．achieved Passage 3 （24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）I never planned on learning Chinese. Even when I found out I was going to Hongkong, I thought that I would be able to get by with English. However, it didn’t take long for me to 1 how naive (天真的) I was. Chinese characters are totally foreign and hard to 2 . I quickly got sick of a state of being confused and decided to 3 for the Chinese class offered by my university. I had Chinese every weekday, after which I spent at least an hour 4 the lesson. In the evening my friends and I quizzed each other on the 5 we had to memorize. More importantly, I made a conscious 6 to speak in Chinese in stores and restaurants. I was 7 when I was able to maintain a simple conversation with the locals. When I regularly achieved A’s on my Chinese exams, I thought it was time to take a 8 from studying Chinese every day and focus on my other classes. Unluckily, this turned out to be a(n) 9 . Due to the break, my whole study habits were suffering and the other lessons themselves were getting 10 . I had to come up with new study methods and 11 over. With finals drawing near, I have set my golden rule: there isn’t a(n) 12 way to learn a new language. Once you realize and accept that you are a beginner, it becomes an ongoing process of exploration, 13 , rethinking, and trying again. Can I speak it out smoothly now? Not even close. And I may 14 be. But I learned how to be honest with myself and push through 15 . 1. A．remember B．realize C．recall D．retell 2. A．understand B．teach C．write D．find 3. A．go in B．sign up C．stick up D．come in 4. A．challenging B．reminding C．reviewing D．presenting 5. A．structures B．articles C．idioms D．characters 6. A．effort B．statement C．opportunity D．proposal 7. A．relaxed B．shocked C．delighted D．stressed 8. A．chance B．result C．change D．break 9. A．mistake B．challenge C．stage D．escape 10. A．fewer B．harder C．longer D．faster 11. A．took B．finished C．memorized D．started 12. A．creative B．useful C．easy D．optional 13. A．success B．invention C．creation D．failure 14. A．often B．never C．always D．seldom 15. A．difficulties B．shortcomings C．possibilities D．disasters 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期中）Two speakers with different first languages usually use English 1 (communicate) with each other. For many people, the need to communicate is much more important 2   the need to sound like a native speaker. As a result, language use is changing 3 (great). For example, speakers might not use “a” or “the” in front of nouns, or they might make uncountable nouns plural and be used to 4 (say) “informations”, “furnitures” or “progresses”. Are these variations (变化) mistakes? Or part of the 5 (nature) development of different Englishes? “International English” refers to (指的是) the English 6 is used and developed by everyone in the world and isn’t owned by native speakers. And there 7 (be)a lot of different opinions about whether International English should be standardized and how. To make more people know about the history, culture and achievements of the English language, English Language Day 8 (celebrate) on 23 April every year. This day is chosen because it is thought to be Shakespeare’s birthday, and the anniversary (周年纪念) of his death. Shakespeare had 9 huge influence on modern-day English. He had great creativity in language. The 10 (word) such as “gossip”, “fashionable” and “lonely” were all first used by Shakespeare. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）Chinese characters are so 1 (amaze) that even many foreigners are crazy about them. In the past three decades, Richard Sears 2 (focus) on one thing: telling many stories behind Chinese characters. His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972. He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源), 3 provides visitors with opportunities to check the development of Chinese characters in a variety of forms for free. Because of this well-received website, he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname (昵称) which 4 (give) by Chinese netizens. In September, Sears set up 5 (he) studio in Nanjing as part of the local government’s plan to promote Chinese culture. 6 (help) both Chinese and foreign learners have a better understanding of Chinese characters, the studio tells stories behind Chinese characters 7 the aid of technology. They have made over 60 videos in English with Chinese subtitles for Bilibili, a popular video website among young people. 8 (watch) the videos not only brings fun but also makes people know more about Chinese characters, leaving them a deep 9 (impress). With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government’s support, more people will appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters 10 (full). Passage 3 （24-25高一上·青海西宁·期中） Learning languages has many advantages: feeling confident when travelling abroad, making friends 1 (international), being able to read books in the original (原版的), and a lot more, like studying and working in other 2 (country). Most people live under the stereotype (刻板印象) that they lose their learning abilities with age. However, if faced 3 a challenge when there is no other way except to learn the new foreign language, adult people can show great results. Before 4 (decide) how to learn a new language, the first thing is to decide in which situation the language is to be used. If the target is, for example, 5 (travel) or find new business at some international events, a course focusing on speaking practices is recommended (推荐). The basic vocabulary and 6 (conversation) structures, studied and practised heavily during a short period of time, may lead to the needed result, which might be the ability to communicate on the streets or support 7 small business talk. Usually the two or three months of study 8 (be) enough to start communicating. However, if brought back shortly to the usual environment, the person might lose the majority of knowledge if there would not be any supporting practice afterwards. Unfortunately, without practical usage 9 further development, the language abilities may go away as easily as they came. The language cannot 10 (learn) once and forever. 9 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$