必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life 短语类型-【简语法-单元重点语法精练】高中英语高一上学期（人教版2019）

单元核心语法·精练 必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life （短语类型） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、名词短语（Noun Phrase, NP） 用法介绍 名词短语由名词及其修饰语构成，是句子的核心组成部分，可在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语等成分，修饰语从不同角度限定名词的特征或范围。 构成方式 示例 功能示例 名词 + 名词 apple tree（苹果树） The apple tree is tall.（主语） 冠词 + 名词 a book（一本书） I bought a book.（宾语） 形容词 + 名词 beautiful flowers（美丽的花） She likes beautiful flowers.（宾语） 介词短语 + 名词 the girl in red（穿红衣服的女孩） The girl in red is my sister.（主语） 不定式 + 名词 a plan to travel（旅行计划） We made a plan to travel.（宾语） 分词 + 名词 fallen leaves（落叶） Fallen leaves cover the ground.（主语） 注意事项 1. 修饰语位置：单个形容词、冠词等通常位于名词前；介词短语、不定式短语等较长修饰语通常位于名词后（如 “a boy with a hat” 而非 “a with a hat boy”）。 2. 并列结构：多个名词可由 and 连接构成名词短语，共同作句子成分（如 “Teachers and students are busy.”）。 3. 功能多样性：同一名词短语在不同语境中可充当不同成分（如 “the new student” 可作主语 “The new student came.” 或宾语 “I know the new student.”）。 二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase, AdjP） 用法介绍 形容词短语由形容词及其修饰语构成，以形容词为核心，可在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等，通过修饰语增强形容词的语义程度或范围。 构成方式 示例 功能示例 形容词 + 副词 very happy（非常开心） She looks very happy.（表语） 形容词 + 介词短语 afraid of dogs（怕狗） The boy is afraid of dogs.（表语） 形容词 + 不定式 ready to help（乐于助人） He is ready to help others.（表语） 并列形容词 tall and thin（又高又瘦） She has a tall and thin brother.（定语） 注意事项 1. 修饰语顺序：程度副词（very, quite）通常位于形容词前；介词短语、不定式通常位于形容词后（如 “extremely interested in art” 而非 “interested extremely in art”）。 2. 作定语时的位置：形容词短语作定语时需后置（如 “a problem difficult to solve” 而非 “a difficult to solve problem”）。 3. 与副词短语的区分：形容词短语核心为形容词，修饰名词；副词短语核心为副词，修饰动词、形容词等（如 “very beautiful” 是形容词短语，修饰名词 “a very beautiful dress”；“very quickly” 是副词短语，修饰动词 “run very quickly”）。 三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase, AdvP） 用法介绍 副词短语由副词及其修饰语构成，以副词为核心，主要在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表时间、地点、方式、程度等意义。 构成方式 示例 功能示例 副词 + 程度副词 very fast（非常快） He runs very fast.（修饰动词） 副词 + 介词短语 far from here（离这儿远） The shop is far from here.（表语，表地点） 并列副词 slowly and carefully（缓慢且仔细地） She writes slowly and carefully.（修饰动词） 介词短语作副词短语 in the morning（在早上） We get up early in the morning.（时间状语） 注意事项 1. 修饰对象：副词短语修饰动词时可位于句首、句中或句尾；修饰形容词 / 副词时通常位于被修饰词前（如 “too slowly” 修饰动词 “walk too slowly”，“very well” 修饰形容词 “speak very well”）。 2. 与介词短语的关系：部分介词短语可作副词短语表状态或方式（如 “on foot”“by bus”，在句中作方式状语）。 3. 避免冗余：副词短语本身已含程度意义，无需重复修饰（如错误：“He runs very extremely fast.” 正确：“He runs extremely fast.”）。 一、单句语法填空 1. （24-25高一上·山东淄博·期中）The (solve) to the mystery of the monarch’ amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】solution 【详解】考查名词。句意：解开帝王蝶惊人能力秘密的办法出现于它陷入严重困境的时候。根据空前定冠词The可知，空处需要填名词，结合句意，表示的是“……的办法”，再根据谓语动词comes可知，用单数。故填solution。 2. （23-24高一上·重庆·期中）Once they find people in need, they find (suit) ways to help them improve their life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一旦他们发现有需要的人，他们就会找到合适的方法来帮助他们改善生活。名词ways 前用形容词修饰。suit的形容词形式为suitable，表示“合适的”。故填suitable。 3. （24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Mum, is it necessary to book tickets advance? We’ll leave for Beijing next month. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：妈妈，有必要提前订票吗？我们下个月动身去北京。in advance为固定搭配，意为“提前”。故填in。 4. （24-25高一上·重庆江津·期中）In the childhood, Tom was often reminded to mind his (behave). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】behaviour/behavior 【详解】考查名词。句意：在童年时期，汤姆经常被提醒注意自己的行为。空处需要名词作mind的宾语。behave的名词形式为behaviour或者behavior“行为”，此处为不可数名词。故填behaviour/behavior。 5. （24-25高一上·福建漳州·期中）We are supposed to be responsible our own behaviour and spare no effort to protect oceans from being polluted. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我们应该对自己的行为负责，不遗余力地保护海洋不受污染。be responsible for意思为：对……负责，为固定短语。故填for。 6. （24-25高一上·重庆·期中）They’ll learn some (survive) skills from the expert. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们会从专家那里学到一些生存技巧。名词survival作定语修饰名词skills，survival skills表示“生存技能”。故填survival。 7. （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期中）I think working in a team is (suit)for me, because I believe ”two heads are better than one”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我认为在一个团队中工作对我来说是合适的，因为我相信“三个臭皮匠胜过一个诸葛亮”。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，be suitable for表“适于”，为固定搭配，符合句意。故填suitable。 8. （24-25高一上·福建三明·期中）Children get the opportunity to take on full (responsible) for another creature’s life. (所给词的正确形式填空) 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：孩子们有机会为另一个生物的生命承担全部责任。此处为名词作宾语，responsible的名词为responsibility意为“责任”，结合句意，此处表示抽象意义，所以为不可数名词。故填responsibility。 9. （24-25高一上·四川成都·期中）She felt uneasy with all eyes (focus) on her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】focused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她对所有目光都集中在她身上感到不安。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词为felt，此处为with复合结构，用非谓语动词作宾语all eyes的补足语，逻辑主语eyes与focus构成被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填focused。 10. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Students are likely (improve) their grades if they study consistently and ask questions in class. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to improve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果学生坚持学习并在课堂上提问，他们的成绩很可能会提高。be likely to do sth.是固定用法，表示 “可能做某事”。故填to improve。 二、单项选择 1. （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）My son’s question made me realize that there is pine apple in pineapple. A．either...or... B．both...and... C．from...to... D．neither...nor... 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：儿子的问题让我意识到菠萝里既没有松树也没有苹果。A. either...or...要么……要么……；B. both...and...既……又……；C. from...to...从……到……；D. neither...nor...既不……也不……。根据客观事实，菠萝里既没有松树也没有苹果，空格处意为“既不……也不……”。故选D。 2. （24-25高一上·黑龙江大庆·期中）I improved my English skills ________ the extra classes I attended after school. A．thanks to B．ought to C．up to D．prefer to 【答案】A 【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：多亏放学后上的课，我提升了我的英语。A. thanks to多亏，由于；B. ought to应该；C. up to上达；D. prefer to更喜欢。根据“I improved my English skills”可知，多亏在放学后上的那些课英语才有提升，故应用短语thanks to，故选A。 3. （24-25高一上·广东江门·期中）Because he ________ gambling (赌博), he spent almost all of his money. A．was addicted to B．was annoyed about C．made an impression on D．was responsible for 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：因为赌博成瘾，他几乎花光了所有的钱。A. was addicted to对……上瘾；B. was annoyed about对……恼怒；C. made an impression on给……留下印象；D. was responsible for对……负责。根据“he spent almost all of his money”可知，他赌博成瘾，所以几乎花光了所有的钱，故选A。 4. （24-25高一上·天津南开·期中）Now more and more people are the importance of protecting the environment. A．tired of B．proud of C．fond of D．aware of 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：现在越来越多的人意识到保护环境的重要性。A. tired of对……厌倦；B. proud of对……骄傲；C. fond of喜爱；D. aware of对……有意识。根据the importance of protecting the environment可知，表示“保护环境的意识”用be aware of。故选D。 5. （24-25高一上·广东·期中）He is ______ smoking, and finds it hard to give up. A．interested in B．fond of C．addicted to D．attracted to 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：他有烟瘾，发现很难戒掉。A. interested in对……感兴趣；B. fond of喜欢；C. addicted to对……上瘾；D. attracted to被……吸引。根据后文“finds it hard to give up”可知，他对吸烟上瘾了。be addicted to意为“对……上瘾”，符合语境。故选C项。 6. （22-23高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）I had thought I was going to fail the driving test, but I eventually succeeded________. A．first of all B．after all C．in all D．above all 【答案】B 【详解】考查短语。句意：我原以为我会驾驶考试不及格，但我最终还是成功了。A. first of all首先；B. after all毕竟；终究；C. in all总计；D. above all最重要的是。根据句中“I eventually succeeded”可知，此处指我最终终究还是成功了。故选B。 7. （23-24高一上·天津北辰·期中）How time flies! The year 2024 is ______. A．the other way round B．around the corner C．at sixes and sevens D．in other forms 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：时间过得真快！2024年即将到来。A. the other way round反过来，反之亦然；B. around the corner即将发生的，即将到来的；C. at sixes and sevens乱七八糟的；D. in other forms以其他形式。根据“How time flies!”可知，此处在感叹时间飞逝，因此around the corner符合题意，表示2024年即将到来。故选B。 8. （23-24高一上·上海·期中）The brain areas ________ reasoning, judging, and planning get to work on constructing various action plans. A．torn between B．expectant of C．concerned with D．rooted in 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：大脑中与推理、判断和计划有关的区域开始构建各种行动计划。A. torn between难以选择，左右为难；B.  expectant of期待；C.  concerned with涉及，与……有关；D.  rooted in根源在于，根深蒂固于。根据空后的reasoning, judging, and planning和空前的brain areas可知，这里指与推理、判断和计划有关的大脑区域。故选C。 9. （23-24高一上·天津静海·阶段练习）Every day, the taxi driver takes a bottle of black coffee ________ he falls asleep on his way. A．while B．even if C．in case D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：每天，出租车司机都会带一瓶黑咖啡，以防他在路上睡着。A. while在……期间、尽管；B. even if即使；C. in case以防；D. unless除非。根据下文“he falls asleep on his way.(他在路上睡着)”可知，此处表示“以防”他在路上睡着。故选C项。 10. （24-25高一上·福建泉州·阶段练习）— Don’t be angry with your kids when they make mistakes. — I won’t. ______, none of us are perfect. A．All in all B．Above all C．After all D．First of all 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：——当你的孩子犯错时，不要生他们的气。  ——我不会的。毕竟，没有人是完美的。A. All in all总的来说；B. Above all首先；首要；最重要的是；C. After all毕竟；终究；别忘了；D. First of all首先。由句意及空后的none of us are perfect可知此处表示“毕竟没有一个人是完美的”，C项After all符合句意，故选C项。 11. （24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期中）You don’t have to pay for anything ________ the tickets. A．other than B．more than C．rather than D．less than 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：除了门票，你不必为别的东西付钱。A. other than除了……之外；B. more than多于，超过；C. rather than而不是；D. less than少于，小于。根据上文“You don’t have to pay for anything”可知是除了……之外，故选A。 12. （24-25高一上·广东佛山·期中）As a professional athlete who is preparing for the Olympic Games with confidence, I am totally in the zone right now. A．I am feeling stressed and worried about the competition. B．I am completely distracted and unable to pay attention. C．I am extremely focused and ready to perform my best. D．I am physically tired and need to rest. 【答案】C 【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：作为一名充满信心地备战奥运会的职业运动员，我现在完全处于状态。A. I am feeling stressed and worried about the competition我感到压力很大，担心比赛；B. I am completely distracted and unable to pay attention我完全分心了，无法集中注意力；C. I am extremely focused and ready to perform my best我非常专注并准备好发挥我的最佳水平；D. I am physically tired and need to rest我身体很累，需要休息。“in the zone”通常指处于一种高度专注和最佳表现的状态。因此，选项C“我非常专注并准备好发挥我的最佳水平”是正确的。故选C项。 13. （24-25高一上·广东广州·期中）The worker suffered a minor ______ to his hand, but he decided to continue working ______ seeking medical attention immediately. A．injury; rather than B．harm; other than C．hurt; rather than D．wound; other than 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析和短语辨析。句意：这名工人的手受了轻伤，但他决定继续工作，而不是立即就医。injury：通常指意外事故中身体受到的伤害，尤指外伤；harm：侧重于强调对人或事物造成的损害、伤害；hurt：多表示精神上或感情上的“伤害，痛苦”；wound：一般指在战斗、搏斗中受的刀伤、枪伤等比较严重的外伤，句中是说工人手部受了小伤，应用injury；rather than：表示“而不是”，强调在两者之间做出选择，倾向于前者而否定后者；other than：意思是“除了……之外”，本句应用rather than，符合句意，故选A。 14. （24-25高一上·天津·期中）Except for working hard, we should give more attention to proper exercises and enough sleep. ________, health always comes first. A．For example B．After all C．So far D．From time to time 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：除了努力工作外，我们应该更多关注合理的锻炼和充足的睡眠。毕竟，健康是最重要的。A. For example例如；B. After all毕竟；C. So far到目前为止；D. From time to time时不时。结合前文句意，此处表示“毕竟健康最重要”。故选B。 15. （24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期中）According to the rules of the company, those who ________ the great loss of money will have to make up for it. A．are aware of B．are qualified for C．are concerned about D．are responsible for 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：根据公司的规定，那些对巨额损失负责的人将不得不补偿。A. are aware of知道, 了解；B. are qualified for有资格；C. are concerned about担心, 关心；D. are responsible for对……负责。根据句意“will have to make up for it”可知，此处是指对损失负责的人需要补偿，be responsible for“对……负责”符合题意。故选D。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·辽宁沈阳·期末）My first job was at a fast-food restaurant called Carroll’s in my hometown. One spring day my next-door neighbor 1 me to apply for work with her there, and I agreed to have a try. One little 2 was that I wasn’t 16 yet, so I just changed my birth date on the application from July to 3 . Luckily, they didn’t ask for any ID to prove my 4 , because there were few applicants for the job. Both of us were 5 . The pay was 6 , only $1.60/hour with no tips. I worked at the 7 and only boys were allowed to work in the kitchen. I got a chance to make milkshakes, though, which I considered kind of fun. I also 8 the relationships with all the other workers, who were mostly easy-going teenagers. It was great to 9 different diners. The restaurant was located on a 10 entryway into town, so all kinds of people came in. One day a man in plain clothes 11 but ordered many signature dishes. When he came to my counter to check out, I was 12 to find he was my idol. Besides 13 about my age, I also failed to inform the manager that I was leaving in June to attend summer camp, so my first job only lasted a few 14 . It has been long gone, but the 15 in the restaurant remains a sweet memory of my life. 1. A．allowed B．invited C．forbade D．taught 2. A．topic B．mistake C．difficulty D．opportunity 3. A．March B．June C．August D．October 4. A．address B．age C．name D．face 5. A．fired B．interviewed C．refused D．accepted 6. A．low B．high C．enough D．good 7. A．counter B．door C．park D．toilet 8. A．damaged B．ignored C．enjoyed D．missed 9. A．help B．thank C．recognize D．encounter 10. A．hidden B．secret C．distant D．major 11. A．woke up B．gave up C．turned up D．looked up 12. A．surprised B．ashamed C．disappointed D．frightened 13. A．worrying B．lying C．complaining D．arguing 14. A．days B．hours C．months D．years 15. A．food B．service C．payment D．experience 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在快餐店的短暂的打工经历成为了生活中美好的回忆。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个春日，我的隔壁邻居邀请我和她一起申请那里的工作，我同意试一试。A. allowed允许；B. invited邀请；C. forbade禁止；D. taught教。根据下句“I agreed to have a try”可知，作者同意试一试。说明隔壁邻居邀请作者和她一起申请那里的工作，故选B。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个小困难是我还没满16岁，所以我把申请表上的出生日期从7月份改成了3月。A. topic话题；B. mistake错误；C. difficulty困难；D. opportunity机会。根据下句“I wasn’t 16 yet”可知，一个小困难是作者还没满16岁，故选C。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个小困难是我还没满16岁，所以我把申请表上的出生日期从7月份改成了3月。A. March三月；B. June六月；C. August八月；D. October十月。根据前文“One spring day my next door neighbor___1__me to apply for work with her there, and I agreed to have a try”可知，当时是春天，所以为了能解决年龄问题，所以把7月改成了3月。故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，他们没有要求任何身份证来证明我的年龄，因为几乎没有人申请这份工作。A. address地址；B. age年龄；C.name名字；D. face脸。根据空前“Luckily，they didn’t ask for any ID”可知，他们没有要求任何身份证来证明我的年龄，故选B。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们俩都被录取了。A. fired开除；B. interviewed采访；C. refused拒绝；D. accepted接受，录取。根据上句“because there were few applicants for the job”可知，因为申请这份工作的人很少，说明被录取了。故选D。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工资很低，每小时只有1.6美元，没有小费。A. low低的；B. high高的；C. enough足够的；D. good好的。根据空后“only $1.60/hour with no tips”可知，每小时只有1.6美元，没有小费。说明工资很低，故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在柜台工作，只有男孩被允许在厨房工作。A. counter柜台；B. door门；C. park公园；D. toilet厕所。根据后文“When he came to my counter to check out, I was__12_to find he was my idol”可知，当他来到柜台结账时，作者惊讶地发现他是作者的偶像，说明作者在柜台工作，故选A。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢和所有其他员工的关系，他们大多是随和的青少年。A. damaged破坏；B. ignored忽略；C. enjoyed享受；D. missed错过。根据下句“who were mostly easy-going teenagers.”可知，他们大多是随和的青少年。说明作者也喜欢和所有其他员工的关系，故选C。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：遇到不同的食客真是太棒了。A. help帮助；B. thank感谢；C. recognize识别；D. encounter遇到。根据空后“different diners”可知，遇到不同的食客真是太棒了。故选D。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这家餐馆位于进城的主要通道上，所以各种各样的人都来了。A. hidden躲藏的；B. secret秘密的；C. distant遥远的；D. major主要的。根据下句“so all kinds of people came in”可知，所以各种各样的人都来了。说明这家餐馆位于进城的主要通道上，故选D。 11. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一天，一个穿着便衣的男人出现了，但是点了许多招牌菜。A. woke up醒来；B. gave up放弃；C. turned up出现；D. looked up查找。根据空后“but ordered many signature dishes”可知，一个穿着便衣的男人出现了，但是点了许多招牌菜。故选C。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他来到我的柜台结账时，我惊讶地发现他是我的偶像。A. surprised惊讶的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. disappointed失望的；D. frightened害怕的。根据空后“to find he was my idol”可知，作者发现他的偶像感到很惊讶。故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了谎报年龄，我也没有通知经理我将在六月离开去参加夏令营，所以我的第一份工作只持续了几个月。A. worrying担心；B. lying说谎；C. complaining抱怨；D. arguing争论。根据前文“so I just changed my birth date on the application from July to __3_”可知，所以我把申请表上的出生日期从7月份改成了3月。说明我谎报了年龄。故选B。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了谎报年龄，我也没有通知经理我将在六月离开去参加夏令营，所以我的第一份工作只持续了几个月。A. days天；B. hours小时；C. months月；D. years年。根据前文“so I just changed my birth date on the application from July to __3_”和上句“I was leaving in June to attend summer camp”说明我的第一份工作只持续了几个月。故选C。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然已经过去很久了，但在餐厅的经历仍然是我一生中甜蜜的回忆。A. food食物；B. service服务；C. payment支付；D. experience经历。根据空后“in the restaurant remains a sweet memory of my life”可知，在餐厅的经历仍然是作者一生中甜蜜的回忆。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习）Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new 1 in high school. 2 , high school was different. In the first week, Jenna went to tryouts (选拔赛) for cheerleaders (啦啦队). She was competing (竞争) against very talented (天赋的) girls, and she knew it would be 3 for her to be selected (选拔). Two hours later, the 4 read a list of the girls for a second tryout. Her heart was 5 as the list ended without her name. Feeling 6 , she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework. Arriving home, she started with math. She had always been a good 7 student, but now she was awful (糟糕的). She changed to English and history, and was relieved (带有安慰的) to find that she didn’t have any 8 with the two 9 . Feeling better, she decided not to 10 math for the time being. Later in math class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out (弄清楚，弄明白) the problems that had given her so much trouble. By the end of class, she 11 how to get them right. As she gathered her 12 and pens, Jenna decided she’d continue to try to fit in (适应) at her new school. She wasn’t sure 13 she’d succeed, but she knew she had to 14 . High school was just as her mom had said, “You will feel like a small fish in a big pond a big fish in a small pond. The challenge makes you become the 15 fish you can be.” 1. A．processes B．decisions C．challenges D．exercises 2. A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 3. A．boring B．easy C．difficult D．interesting 4. A．designer B．boss C．winner D．judge 5. A．up B．in C．down D．out 6. A．sad B．strange C．happy D．lonely 7. A．math B．English C．biology D．chemistry 8. A．pleasure B．happiness C．usage D．trouble 9. A．homework B．books C．subjects D．goals 10. A．put on B．turn on C．worry about D．get off 11. A．left B．understood C．hoped D．made 12. A．books B．teachers C．parents D．friends 13. A．whether B．what C．why D．where 14. A．swim B．try C．ask D．escape 15. A．smallest B．best C．weakest D．poorest 【答案】 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jenna以优异的成绩考上了高中。当她来到高中后，感觉很多事情都不顺利，甚至自己曾经很擅长的数学学习方面，也出现了很多困难，但是Jenna并没有放弃，而是不断的努力尝试，她的挑战就是成为池塘里最好的鱼。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jenna是Westwood中学的一名受欢迎的女孩，她以班上第一名的成绩初中毕业，并准备在高中迎接新的挑战。A. processes过程；B. decisions决定；C. challenges挑战；D. exercises练习。由下文语境和“The challenge”可知，Jenna未能入选啦啦队，学数学也有问题，可得出她的高中有许多挑战。故选C项。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，高中就不一样了。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。由上文“Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class (Jenna是Westwood中学的一名受欢迎的女孩，她以班上第一名的成绩初中毕业)”，下文“high school was different”和下文讲“Jenna的高中有许多挑战”可知，上下文转折关系。故选C项。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她正在与非常有才华的女孩竞争，她知道自己很难被选中。A. boring无聊的；B. easy简单的；C. difficult困难的；D. interesting有趣的。由上文“She was competing (竞争) against very talented (天赋的) girls”可知，Jenna与富有天赋的女孩竞争，所以她知道被选中很困难。故选C项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个小时后，裁判宣读了第二次选拔的女孩名单。A. designer设计师；B. boss老板；C. winner赢家；D. judge裁判。由下文“read a list of the girls for a second tryout”可知，Jenna参加啦啦队选拔，应是裁判宣读进入第二轮选拔的名单。故选D项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：名单上没有她的名字，她心情沮丧。A. up向上的；B. in流行的；C. down沮丧的；D. out不在家的。由下文“as the list ended without her name”可知，当名单中没有Jenna，她应该是沮丧的。故选C项。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很伤心，背着装满作业的书包走回家。A. sad悲伤的；B. strange奇怪的；C. happy高兴的；D. lonely孤独的。由上文“Her heart was 　　5　　 as the list ended without her name. (名单上没有她的名字，她心情沮丧)”可知，Jenna未能入选啦啦队，自然是伤心的。故选A项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她一直是个数学好学生，但现在她糟糕透了。A. math数学；B. English英语；C. biology生物；D. chemistry化学。由上文“Arriving home, she started with math. (到家后，她开始学习数学)”和转折词but可知，她擅长数学，但现在做数学作业却很困难。故选A项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她改学英语和历史，当她发现自己在这两门课上没有遇到任何麻烦时，她松了一口气。A. pleasure高兴；B. happiness幸福；C. usage使用；D. trouble麻烦。由上文“was relieved (带有安慰的) to find”和下文“Feeling better (感觉好多了)”可知，她学历史和英语没有遇到任何麻烦，才会感到宽慰。故选D项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她改学英语和历史，当她发现自己在这两门课上没有遇到任何麻烦时，她松了一口气。A. homework作业；B. books书本；C. subjects科目；D. goals目标。呼应上文“She changed to English and history (她改学英语和历史)”讲英语和历史这两门科目。故选C项。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：感觉好多了，她决定暂时不用担心数学。A. put on上演；B. turn on打开；C. worry about担忧；D. get off离开。由上文语境可知，她学历史和英语没有遇到任何麻烦，这给了她自信，她感觉好多了，决定暂且不担心数学了。故选C项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到下课时，她明白了如何把它们做好。A. left留下；B. understood理解；C. hoped希望；D. made制作。由上文“Later in math class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out (弄清楚，弄明白) the problems that had given her so much trouble (在后来的数学课上，Jenna专心于解决那些给她带来很多麻烦的问题)”可知，通过努力，Jenna终于明白了如何解决给她带来麻烦的数学问题。故选B项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她收拾书本和笔时，詹娜决定继续努力适应她的新学校。A. books书本；B. teachers教师；C. parents父母；D. friends朋友。由下文“and pens”可知，下课了收拾书本和笔。故选A项。 13. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：她不确定自己是否会成功，但她知道自己必须努力。A. whether是否；B. what什么；C. why为什么；D. where哪里。由上文语境可知，Jenna一进高中就遇到了许多挑战，所以她不确定自己是否会成功。故选A项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不确定自己是否会成功，但她知道自己必须尝试。A. swim游泳；B. try尝试；C. ask问；D. escape逃离。由本处语境和转折词but可知，Jenna不确定自己是否在高中会成功，但她知道必须要去尝试。故选B项。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：挑战会让你成为最好的鱼。A. smallest最小的；B. best最好的；C. weakest最弱的；D. poorest最贫穷的。由全文语境可知，Jenna接受挑战，勇于尝试是为了成为最好的鱼（暗指优秀的人）。故选B项。 Passage 3 （21-22高一上·山东枣庄·期中）Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new 1 in high school. 2 , high school was different. In the first week, Jenna went to tryouts for cheerleaders. She was competing against very talented girls, and she knew it would be 3 for her to be selected. Two hours later, the 4 read a list of the girls for a second tryout. Her heart 5 as the list ended without her name. Feeling 6 , she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework. Arriving home, she started with math. She had always been a good math student, but now she was 7 . She moved on to English and history, and was 8 to find that she didn’t have any trouble with those 9 . Feeling better, she decided not to 10 math for the time being. Later in math class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so much 11 . By the end of class, she understood how to get them right. As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she’d continue to try to 12 at her new school. She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to 13 . High school was just as her mom had said, “You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 14 a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the 15 fish you can be.” 1. A．processes B．decisions C．challenges D．exercises 2. A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 3. A．boring B．easy C．difficult D．interesting 4. A．editor B．boss C．winner D．judge 5. A．jumped B．stopped C．sank D．raced 6. A．awful B．strange C．happy D．lonely 7. A．struggling B．improving C．working D．crying 8. A．amazed B．annoyed C．shocked D．relieved 9. A．homework B．books C．subjects D．objects 10. A．put up B．prepare for C．worry about D．give up 11. A．pleasure B．trouble C．hope D．sorrow 12. A．fit in B．look out C．stay up D．get around 13. A．swim B．try C．ask D．escape 14. A．in return for B．out of C．in terms of D．instead of 15. A．biggest B．best C．weakest D．prettiest 【答案】 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Jenny在进入高中之后所经历的变化与不同以及她逐渐适应变化的过程。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jenna是韦斯特伍德中学的一个很受欢迎的女孩，她以全班第一名的成绩毕业，已经准备好迎接高中的新挑战。A. process过程；B. decisions决定；C. challenges挑战；D. exercises运动。根据上文的“graduated first in her class”可知，Jenny进入了高中，面临新的学习生活，这是一种挑战，文章最后一句“The challenge is to become the____15____fish you can be.”是原词复现。故选C项。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，高中很不一样。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。根据上文“Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new____1____in high school.  ”可知，Jenny从初中毕业后满怀信心地准备迎接新挑战，但结合下文“high school was different.”可知高中生活和想象的并不相同。上下文为逻辑上的转折关系。故选C项。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她正在与非常有才华的女孩竞争，她知道她很难被选中。A. boring无聊的；B. easy容易的；C. difficult困难的；D. interesting有趣的。根据上文的“She was competing against very talented girls”可推知，和很有天赋的女孩竞争，所以她很难被选中。故选C项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个小时后，裁判宣读参加第二轮选拔的女孩名单。A. editor编辑；B. boss老板；C. winner获胜的人；D. judge裁判员。根据常识和下文“read a list of the girls for a second tryout”可知，是由裁判宣布进入下一轮选拔的名单。故选D项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为名单上最终没有她的名字，她的心情沉重。A. jumped跳跃；B. stopped停止；C. sank(心情)变得沉重；D. raced快速运转。根据“as the list ended without her name”可知，Jenna没有进入下一轮选拔，所以她心情沉重。sink意为“(心情)低落，陷入(沮丧)”，符合句意。故选C项。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她心情很差，背着装满作业的书包走回家。A.  awful糟糕的；B. strange奇怪的；C. happy高兴的；D. lonely孤独的。根据上文“the list ended without her name”可知Jenny被淘汰了，所以她感觉糟糕。故选A项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她数学一直很好，但现在她感到很吃力。A. struggling吃力地进行；B. improving提高；C. working工作；D. crying哭泣。根据“a good math student”及“but”的转折含义可推知，她曾经擅长数学，但现在感觉有些吃力。故选A项。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她接着写英语和历史(作业)，很宽慰地发现她在那些科目上没有任何问题。A. amazed惊奇的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relieved宽慰的。根据“she didn’t have any trouble with those…”可知Jenny在英语和历史学科上没有遇到任何问题，所以应该是很宽慰，与下文的“Feeling better”呼应。故选D项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. homework家庭作业；B. books书；C. subjects科目；D. objects目标。根据前文的“English and history”可知，此处指在那些科目上没有问题。故选C项。 10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她感觉好些了，决定暂时不担心数学了。A. put up张贴；B. prepare for为……做准备；C. worry about担心；D. give up放弃。根据前文“she didn’t have any trouble with those”可知，Jenny在部分科目上没有问题，再结合下文“Jenny devoted herself to figuring out the problems”Jenna在数学课上专心解决问题可知，Jenna决定暂时不担心数学了，而是将问题放在课上解决。故选C项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来在数学课上，Jenny全身心地投入到解决那些给她带来很多麻烦的问题上。A. pleasure快乐；B. trouble麻烦；困难；C. hope希望；D. sorrow悲伤。根据上文中的“figuring out the problems”可知，数学有困难，故选B项。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她收拾她的书时，珍妮决定继续尝试适应她的新学校。A. fit in适应；B. look out小心；C. stay up熬夜；D. get around到处走走。根据上文“By the end of the class, she understood how to get them right.”可知，Jenna解决了数学难题，获得了信心，所以当收拾课本的时候，她决心继续努力去适应新的学校。故选A项。 13. 查动词词义辨析。句意：她不确定是否会成功，但她知道她必须试一试。A. swim游泳；B. try尝试；C. ask询问；D. escape逃跑。只有尝试才会有成功的可能，根据“succeed”可以推断，此处为要尝试。故选B项。 14. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：你会觉得(自己)像一条小鱼在大池塘里，而不是一条大鱼在小池塘里。A. in return for作为……的报答；B. out of由于；C. in terms of就……而言； D. instead of而不是。根据“a small fish in a big pond”和“a big fish in a small pond”可知此处表示转折关系。故选D项。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：挑战就是成为最好的鱼。A. biggest最大的；B. best最好的；C. weakest最虚弱的；D. prettiest最美的。根据前文“You will feel like a small fish in a big pond ____14____ a big fish in a small pond.”可以推断，无论是大池塘里的小鱼，还是小池塘里的大鱼，都要努力成为最好的鱼。故选B项。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·甘肃武威·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tom is an eight-year-old boy. He works hard at his subjects. His teachers and parents like him very much, but he has a much 1 (big) head than others. Many people think he is 2 very funny boy. Last year, he 3 (spend) ten days in his uncle’s home on summer vacation. His uncle lives 4 a mountain village. 5 it’s about four hundred miles away from his city, he had to take a train. When he arrived at the train station in a small town, his uncle waited for him and took him to 6 (him) house by bike. Tom made some 7 (friend) soon. They played games and swam in the river 8 (happy). But one afternoon he cried to his aunt, “All the children make fun of me. They say I have a very big head. I don’t tend 9 (play) with them any more.” “Don’t listen to them,” his aunt said. “You have a beautiful head. Now stop 10 (cry) and go to the store to buy fifty potatoes.” “Where is the shopping bag?” Tom asked. “Oh, dear. I haven’t got one. Use your hat.” his aunt answered. 【答案】 1. bigger 2. a 3. spent 4. in 5. Because 6. his 7. friends 8. happily 9. to play 10. crying 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。8岁的汤姆学习努力。他的老师和父母都很喜欢他。但是汤姆的头比别人的大。所以人们认为他很滑稽。在农村叔叔家的时候，也有人取笑他，汤姆很难过。 1. 考查形容词的比较级。句意：他的老师和父母都很喜欢他，但是他比别人自负得多。设空处为形容词作定语，结合空前的much和空后的than可知，设空处应用形容词的比较级。故填bigger。 2. 考查冠词。句意：许多人认为他是一个非常有趣的男孩。设空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，very为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。 3. 考查谓语动词。句意：去年暑假，他在叔叔家度过了十天。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语last year，可知句子的时态为一般过去时，设空处应用动词的过去式的形式。故填spent。 4. 考查介词。句意：他叔叔住在一个山村里。固定短语live in…住在……。故填in。 5. 考查状语从句的引导词。句意：因为离他的城市有400英里远，他不得不坐火车。分析句子可知 it’s about four hundred miles away from his city是后句的原因，设空处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Because。 6. 考查代词。句意：当他到达一个小镇的火车站时，他的叔叔等着他，骑自行车带他回家。设空处应用形容词性的物主代词修饰名词house，故填his。 7. 考查名词。句意：汤姆很快交了一些好朋友。设空处应用名词作宾语，空前为some，设空处应用名词复数。故填friends。 8. 考查副词。句意：他们玩游戏，在河里游泳，玩得很开心。设空处应用副词的形式修饰动词。故填happily。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我不再倾向于和他们玩了。tend to do sth倾向于做某事，设空处应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to play。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在别哭了，去商店买五十个土豆。结合句意可知用短语stop doing sth停止做某事。故填crying。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·广东广州·期中）语篇填空 The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) 1 (form) in 2001 and is now made up 2 several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 3 life are changed by a storm, flood, or any other 4 (nature) disaster. After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003. The team saved lots of people. It was the first time 5 a Chinese team had worked outside China, and the team won high praise for their bravery and skill. Since then, the CISAR 6 (complete) many missions. The list to whom help has been given is long. They spend several months 7 (give) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. Rescue workers are trained 8 (find) people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water, and other 9 (supply). Rescue workers get to save lives, but they must also bury 10 dead. That means they have to be strong in both body and mind. It takes a lot of love and courage to risk one’s own life to save someone else’s. 【答案】 1. was formed 2. of 3. whose 4. natural 5. that 6. has completed 7. giving 8. to find 9. supplies 10. the 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国国际搜救队的基本情况和使命。 1. 考查时态和主语一致。句意：中国国际搜救队成立于2001年，目前由数百名救援人员和大约20只嗅探犬组成。根据时间状语in 2001可知，句子应使用一般过去时，主语team与动词form之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态，主语team是单数，be动词使用was，故填was formed。 2. 考查介词。句意：中国国际搜救队成立于2001年，目前由数百名救援人员和大约20只嗅探犬组成。be made up of为固定短语，表示“由……组成”，符合题意，故填of。 3. 考查关系代词。句意：该团队为那些因风暴、洪水或任何其他自然灾害而改变生活的人带来了帮助和希望。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句，先行词those指代人，与名词life之间存在所属关系，应使用关系代词whose，故填whose。 4. 考查形容词。句意：该团队为那些因风暴、洪水或任何其他自然灾害而改变生活的人带来了帮助和希望。此处用形容词natural“自然的”修饰名词disaster作定语，故填natural。 5. 考查连词。句意：这是中国队第一次在国外工作，他们的勇敢和技术赢得了高度赞誉。固定句式This was the first time that sb had done sth“这是某人第一次做某事”，that引导定语从句修饰名词time。故填that。 6. 考查时态。句意：从那时起，CISAR已经完成了许多任务。根据时间状语Since then可知，本句应使用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填has completed。 7. 考查动名词。句意：他们花了几个月的时间为2010年巴基斯坦洪水中的25000多名受害者提供援助。根据spend time (in) doing sth.可知，空处应用动名词形式作宾语，故填giving。 8. 考查动词不定式。句意：救援人员接受了寻找人员、治疗伤员、分发食物、水和其他物资的培训。train sb. to do sth.“训练某人做某事”，此处为其被动结构sb. be trained to do。故填to find。 9. 考查可数名词的单复数。句意：救援人员接受了寻找人员、治疗伤员、分发食物、水和其他物资的培训。此处supply为可数名词，意为“补给，补给品”，前有other修饰，应使用其复数形式，故填supplies。 10. 考查冠词。句意：救援人员可以拯救生命，但他们也必须埋葬死者。根据“the+形容词”表示一类人，此处指死者，故填the。 Passage 3 （23-24高一上·四川自贡·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Your time at senior high school will open the door to your potential.You may ask what potential is. Potential is your natural ability 1 can be developed when you try hard enough. The possibilities are endless, and you can make 2 difference to your family, to your community and to our country. Over the next three years, your potential 3 (discover) while you develop as a student and as an individual. To fully realise your potential, it is 4 (definite) important for you to make the most of the school resources. Join a club or two, and make good friends 5 people around you. But remember a good friend should have some good 6 (quality). A good friend needs to be supportive, generous and selfless. If he is having difficulty 7 (balance) his activities and schoolwork, you should respect and support his choices. When he 8 (struggle) with his schoolwork, you should help him become a more efficient learner.    As a senior high school student, you must make efforts 9 (improve) your communication and problemsolving skills. Never lose hope, even in difficult situations. In time you will find 10   (you) growing into a wellrounded individual. Do your best! 【答案】 1. that/which 2. a 3. will be discovered 4. definitely 5. with 6. qualities 7. balancing 8. struggles/is struggling 9. to improve 10. yourself 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了潜力是人天生的能力，人们应该充分发挥潜力，做最好的自己。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：潜力是你天生的能力，当你足够努力时，它就会得到发展。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your natural ability，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用that/which引导从句。故填that/which。 2. 考查冠词。句意：可能性是无穷尽的，并且你可以对你的家庭，你的社区和我们的国家产生影响。make a difference是固定短语，表示“起作用，有影响”。故填a。 3. 考查时态和语态。句意：在接下来的三年里，当你作为一个学生和个人发展时，你的潜力将被发现。根据时间状语Over the next three years以及句意可知，主句应用一般将来时，表示将来的动作，discover与主语your potential之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be discovered。 4. 考查副词。句意：为了充分发挥你的潜力，充分利用学校资源对你来说无疑是很重要的。空处修饰形容词important，应用副词形式作状语。故填definitely。 5. 考查介词。句意：加入一两个俱乐部，和周围的人交个好朋友。make friends with sb.为固定搭配，表示“和某人交朋友”。故填with。 6. 考查名词。句意：但要记住，一个好朋友应该有一些好的品质。句中quality是可数名词，且被some修饰，所以空处要用名词的复数形式。故填qualities。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他在平衡活动和学业方面有困难，你应该尊重并支持他的选择。have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定短语，表示“做某事有困难”，其中介词in可以省略，所以空处应用动名词形式。故填balancing。 8. 考查时态。句意：当他在学习上挣扎时，你应该帮助他成为一个更有效率的学习者。分析句子结构可知，空处在when引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，应用一般现在时表示一般性动作，主语是he，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式struggles，或者使用现在进行时表示动作正在进行，主语是he，be动词使用is。故填struggles/is struggling。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名高中生，你必须努力提高沟通和解决问题的能力。make efforts to do sth.为固定短语，表示“努力做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to improve。 10. 考查代词。句意：最后，你会发现自己成长为一个全面发展的人。空处作动词find的宾语，且与主语you一致，应用反身代词yourself，表示“你自己”。故填yourself。 Passage 4 （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期中）语法填空 How are you getting along in your senior high school? It may be hard for you as this is the first time that you 1 (leave) your parents. You may often feel lonely and anxious, having trouble 2 (communicate) with others. That’s because you are new here 3 people don’t know about you. But I think you can overcome the 4 (difficult) if you follow the advice below. First, you should take 5 active part in the discussions and show your own opinions, and at the same time, learn to listen to other people’s views 6 (careful). Second, you should learn about your classmates’ likes and dislikes to get on 7 them. Only in this way can you get to know more different people and show them that you are just as 8 (friend). Last but not least, join in more after-class activities 9 will help you make more friends and enrich your school life. There’ s no need 10 (worry) too much. As long as you have confidence in yourself, you can adjust to the new life quickly. 【答案】 1. have left 2. communicating 3. and 4. difficulty 5. an 6. carefully 7. with 8. friendly 9. that/which 10. to worry 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何适应高中生活提出了建议。 1. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这对你来说可能很难，因为这是你第一次离开父母。This is the first time that sb. have/has done sth.是固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，设空处在that从句中作谓语，用现在完成时；主语是you，因此空格处是have left，故填have left。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能经常感到孤独和焦虑，与他人沟通有困难。have trouble doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，因此空格处填动词communicate的-ing形式communicating。故填communicating。 3. 考查连词。句意：那是因为你是新来的，大家都不了解你。you are new here和people don’t know about you之间是并列关系，且句子是肯定句，因此空格处用连词and表并列，故填and。 4. 考查名词。句意：但我认为如果你遵循下面的建议，你就可以克服困难。空格处用名词作宾语，填difficult的名词difficulty，意为“困难”，是不可数名词，故填difficulty。 5. 考查冠词。句意：首先，你应该积极参与讨论，表达自己的观点，同时，学会仔细倾听别人的观点。take an active part in是固定短语，意为“积极参与”，因此空格处是不定冠词an，故填an。 6. 考查副词。句意：首先，你应该积极参与讨论，表达自己的观点，同时，学会仔细倾听别人的观点。空格处用副词carefully修饰动词listen，carefully意为“仔细地”，故填carefully。 7. 考查介词。句意：其次，你应该了解你的同学的好恶，与他们相处融洽。get on with sb.是固定短语，意为“与某人相处融洽”，因此空格处是介词with，故填with。 8. 考查形容词。句意：只有这样，你才能认识更多不同的人，并向他们展示你同样友好。空格处用形容词作表语，friend的形容词是friendly，意为“友好的”，故填friendly。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：最后但并非最不重要的是，参加更多的课外活动，这将帮助你结交更多的朋友，丰富你的学校生活。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是activities，指物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 10. 考查不定式。句意：没有必要过分担心。There’ s no need to do sth.是固定句型，意为“没有必要做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to worry。故填to worry。 1 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$单元核心语法·精练 必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life （短语类型） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、名词短语（Noun Phrase, NP） 用法介绍 名词短语由名词及其修饰语构成，是句子的核心组成部分，可在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语等成分，修饰语从不同角度限定名词的特征或范围。 构成方式 示例 功能示例 名词 + 名词 apple tree（苹果树） The apple tree is tall.（主语） 冠词 + 名词 a book（一本书） I bought a book.（宾语） 形容词 + 名词 beautiful flowers（美丽的花） She likes beautiful flowers.（宾语） 介词短语 + 名词 the girl in red（穿红衣服的女孩） The girl in red is my sister.（主语） 不定式 + 名词 a plan to travel（旅行计划） We made a plan to travel.（宾语） 分词 + 名词 fallen leaves（落叶） Fallen leaves cover the ground.（主语） 注意事项 1. 修饰语位置：单个形容词、冠词等通常位于名词前；介词短语、不定式短语等较长修饰语通常位于名词后（如 “a boy with a hat” 而非 “a with a hat boy”）。 2. 并列结构：多个名词可由 and 连接构成名词短语，共同作句子成分（如 “Teachers and students are busy.”）。 3. 功能多样性：同一名词短语在不同语境中可充当不同成分（如 “the new student” 可作主语 “The new student came.” 或宾语 “I know the new student.”）。 二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase, AdjP） 用法介绍 形容词短语由形容词及其修饰语构成，以形容词为核心，可在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等，通过修饰语增强形容词的语义程度或范围。 构成方式 示例 功能示例 形容词 + 副词 very happy（非常开心） She looks very happy.（表语） 形容词 + 介词短语 afraid of dogs（怕狗） The boy is afraid of dogs.（表语） 形容词 + 不定式 ready to help（乐于助人） He is ready to help others.（表语） 并列形容词 tall and thin（又高又瘦） She has a tall and thin brother.（定语） 注意事项 1. 修饰语顺序：程度副词（very, quite）通常位于形容词前；介词短语、不定式通常位于形容词后（如 “extremely interested in art” 而非 “interested extremely in art”）。 2. 作定语时的位置：形容词短语作定语时需后置（如 “a problem difficult to solve” 而非 “a difficult to solve problem”）。 3. 与副词短语的区分：形容词短语核心为形容词，修饰名词；副词短语核心为副词，修饰动词、形容词等（如 “very beautiful” 是形容词短语，修饰名词 “a very beautiful dress”；“very quickly” 是副词短语，修饰动词 “run very quickly”）。 三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase, AdvP） 用法介绍 副词短语由副词及其修饰语构成，以副词为核心，主要在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表时间、地点、方式、程度等意义。 构成方式 示例 功能示例 副词 + 程度副词 very fast（非常快） He runs very fast.（修饰动词） 副词 + 介词短语 far from here（离这儿远） The shop is far from here.（表语，表地点） 并列副词 slowly and carefully（缓慢且仔细地） She writes slowly and carefully.（修饰动词） 介词短语作副词短语 in the morning（在早上） We get up early in the morning.（时间状语） 注意事项 1. 修饰对象：副词短语修饰动词时可位于句首、句中或句尾；修饰形容词 / 副词时通常位于被修饰词前（如 “too slowly” 修饰动词 “walk too slowly”，“very well” 修饰形容词 “speak very well”）。 2. 与介词短语的关系：部分介词短语可作副词短语表状态或方式（如 “on foot”“by bus”，在句中作方式状语）。 3. 避免冗余：副词短语本身已含程度意义，无需重复修饰（如错误：“He runs very extremely fast.” 正确：“He runs extremely fast.”）。 一、单句语法填空 1. （24-25高一上·山东淄博·期中）The (solve) to the mystery of the monarch’ amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2. （23-24高一上·重庆·期中）Once they find people in need, they find (suit) ways to help them improve their life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3. （24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Mum, is it necessary to book tickets advance? We’ll leave for Beijing next month. (用适当的词填空) 4. （24-25高一上·重庆江津·期中）In the childhood, Tom was often reminded to mind his (behave). (所给词的适当形式填空) 5. （24-25高一上·福建漳州·期中）We are supposed to be responsible our own behaviour and spare no effort to protect oceans from being polluted. (用适当的词填空) 6. （24-25高一上·重庆·期中）They’ll learn some (survive) skills from the expert. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7. （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期中）I think working in a team is (suit)for me, because I believe ”two heads are better than one”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8. （24-25高一上·福建三明·期中）Children get the opportunity to take on full (responsible) for another creature’s life. (所给词的正确形式填空) 9. （24-25高一上·四川成都·期中）She felt uneasy with all eyes (focus) on her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10. （24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）Students are likely (improve) their grades if they study consistently and ask questions in class. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、单项选择 1. （24-25高一上·广东深圳·期中）My son’s question made me realize that there is pine apple in pineapple. A．either...or... B．both...and... C．from...to... D．neither...nor... 2. （24-25高一上·黑龙江大庆·期中）I improved my English skills ________ the extra classes I attended after school. A．thanks to B．ought to C．up to D．prefer to 3. （24-25高一上·广东江门·期中）Because he ________ gambling (赌博), he spent almost all of his money. A．was addicted to B．was annoyed about C．made an impression on D．was responsible for 4. （24-25高一上·天津南开·期中）Now more and more people are the importance of protecting the environment. A．tired of B．proud of C．fond of D．aware of 5. （24-25高一上·广东·期中）He is ______ smoking, and finds it hard to give up. A．interested in B．fond of C．addicted to D．attracted to 6. （22-23高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）I had thought I was going to fail the driving test, but I eventually succeeded________. A．first of all B．after all C．in all D．above all 7. （23-24高一上·天津北辰·期中）How time flies! The year 2024 is ______. A．the other way round B．around the corner C．at sixes and sevens D．in other forms 8. （23-24高一上·上海·期中）The brain areas ________ reasoning, judging, and planning get to work on constructing various action plans. A．torn between B．expectant of C．concerned with D．rooted in 9. （23-24高一上·天津静海·阶段练习）Every day, the taxi driver takes a bottle of black coffee ________ he falls asleep on his way. A．while B．even if C．in case D．unless 10. （24-25高一上·福建泉州·阶段练习）— Don’t be angry with your kids when they make mistakes. — I won’t. ______, none of us are perfect. A．All in all B．Above all C．After all D．First of all 11. （24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期中）You don’t have to pay for anything ________ the tickets. A．other than B．more than C．rather than D．less than 12. （24-25高一上·广东佛山·期中）As a professional athlete who is preparing for the Olympic Games with confidence, I am totally in the zone right now. A．I am feeling stressed and worried about the competition. B．I am completely distracted and unable to pay attention. C．I am extremely focused and ready to perform my best. D．I am physically tired and need to rest. 13. （24-25高一上·广东广州·期中）The worker suffered a minor ______ to his hand, but he decided to continue working ______ seeking medical attention immediately. A．injury; rather than B．harm; other than C．hurt; rather than D．wound; other than 14. （24-25高一上·天津·期中）Except for working hard, we should give more attention to proper exercises and enough sleep. ________, health always comes first. A．For example B．After all C．So far D．From time to time 15. （24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期中）According to the rules of the company, those who ________ the great loss of money will have to make up for it. A．are aware of B．are qualified for C．are concerned about D．are responsible for 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·辽宁沈阳·期末）My first job was at a fast-food restaurant called Carroll’s in my hometown. One spring day my next-door neighbor 1 me to apply for work with her there, and I agreed to have a try. One little 2 was that I wasn’t 16 yet, so I just changed my birth date on the application from July to 3 . Luckily, they didn’t ask for any ID to prove my 4 , because there were few applicants for the job. Both of us were 5 . The pay was 6 , only $1.60/hour with no tips. I worked at the 7 and only boys were allowed to work in the kitchen. I got a chance to make milkshakes, though, which I considered kind of fun. I also 8 the relationships with all the other workers, who were mostly easy-going teenagers. It was great to 9 different diners. The restaurant was located on a 10 entryway into town, so all kinds of people came in. One day a man in plain clothes 11 but ordered many signature dishes. When he came to my counter to check out, I was 12 to find he was my idol. Besides 13 about my age, I also failed to inform the manager that I was leaving in June to attend summer camp, so my first job only lasted a few 14 . It has been long gone, but the 15 in the restaurant remains a sweet memory of my life. 1. A．allowed B．invited C．forbade D．taught 2. A．topic B．mistake C．difficulty D．opportunity 3. A．March B．June C．August D．October 4. A．address B．age C．name D．face 5. A．fired B．interviewed C．refused D．accepted 6. A．low B．high C．enough D．good 7. A．counter B．door C．park D．toilet 8. A．damaged B．ignored C．enjoyed D．missed 9. A．help B．thank C．recognize D．encounter 10. A．hidden B．secret C．distant D．major 11. A．woke up B．gave up C．turned up D．looked up 12. A．surprised B．ashamed C．disappointed D．frightened 13. A．worrying B．lying C．complaining D．arguing 14. A．days B．hours C．months D．years 15. A．food B．service C．payment D．experience Passage 2 （23-24高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习）Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new 1 in high school. 2 , high school was different. In the first week, Jenna went to tryouts (选拔赛) for cheerleaders (啦啦队). She was competing (竞争) against very talented (天赋的) girls, and she knew it would be 3 for her to be selected (选拔). Two hours later, the 4 read a list of the girls for a second tryout. Her heart was 5 as the list ended without her name. Feeling 6 , she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework. Arriving home, she started with math. She had always been a good 7 student, but now she was awful (糟糕的). She changed to English and history, and was relieved (带有安慰的) to find that she didn’t have any 8 with the two 9 . Feeling better, she decided not to 10 math for the time being. Later in math class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out (弄清楚，弄明白) the problems that had given her so much trouble. By the end of class, she 11 how to get them right. As she gathered her 12 and pens, Jenna decided she’d continue to try to fit in (适应) at her new school. She wasn’t sure 13 she’d succeed, but she knew she had to 14 . High school was just as her mom had said, “You will feel like a small fish in a big pond a big fish in a small pond. The challenge makes you become the 15 fish you can be.” 1. A．processes B．decisions C．challenges D．exercises 2. A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 3. A．boring B．easy C．difficult D．interesting 4. A．designer B．boss C．winner D．judge 5. A．up B．in C．down D．out 6. A．sad B．strange C．happy D．lonely 7. A．math B．English C．biology D．chemistry 8. A．pleasure B．happiness C．usage D．trouble 9. A．homework B．books C．subjects D．goals 10. A．put on B．turn on C．worry about D．get off 11. A．left B．understood C．hoped D．made 12. A．books B．teachers C．parents D．friends 13. A．whether B．what C．why D．where 14. A．swim B．try C．ask D．escape 15. A．smallest B．best C．weakest D．poorest Passage 3 （21-22高一上·山东枣庄·期中）Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new 1 in high school. 2 , high school was different. In the first week, Jenna went to tryouts for cheerleaders. She was competing against very talented girls, and she knew it would be 3 for her to be selected. Two hours later, the 4 read a list of the girls for a second tryout. Her heart 5 as the list ended without her name. Feeling 6 , she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework. Arriving home, she started with math. She had always been a good math student, but now she was 7 . She moved on to English and history, and was 8 to find that she didn’t have any trouble with those 9 . Feeling better, she decided not to 10 math for the time being. Later in math class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so much 11 . By the end of class, she understood how to get them right. As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she’d continue to try to 12 at her new school. She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to 13 . High school was just as her mom had said, “You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 14 a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the 15 fish you can be.” 1. A．processes B．decisions C．challenges D．exercises 2. A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 3. A．boring B．easy C．difficult D．interesting 4. A．editor B．boss C．winner D．judge 5. A．jumped B．stopped C．sank D．raced 6. A．awful B．strange C．happy D．lonely 7. A．struggling B．improving C．working D．crying 8. A．amazed B．annoyed C．shocked D．relieved 9. A．homework B．books C．subjects D．objects 10. A．put up B．prepare for C．worry about D．give up 11. A．pleasure B．trouble C．hope D．sorrow 12. A．fit in B．look out C．stay up D．get around 13. A．swim B．try C．ask D．escape 14. A．in return for B．out of C．in terms of D．instead of 15. A．biggest B．best C．weakest D．prettiest 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·甘肃武威·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tom is an eight-year-old boy. He works hard at his subjects. His teachers and parents like him very much, but he has a much 1 (big) head than others. Many people think he is 2 very funny boy. Last year, he 3 (spend) ten days in his uncle’s home on summer vacation. His uncle lives 4 a mountain village. 5 it’s about four hundred miles away from his city, he had to take a train. When he arrived at the train station in a small town, his uncle waited for him and took him to 6 (him) house by bike. Tom made some 7 (friend) soon. They played games and swam in the river 8 (happy). But one afternoon he cried to his aunt, “All the children make fun of me. They say I have a very big head. I don’t tend 9 (play) with them any more.” “Don’t listen to them,” his aunt said. “You have a beautiful head. Now stop 10 (cry) and go to the store to buy fifty potatoes.” “Where is the shopping bag?” Tom asked. “Oh, dear. I haven’t got one. Use your hat.” his aunt answered. Passage 2 （23-24高一上·广东广州·期中）The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) 1 (form) in 2001 and is now made up 2 several hundred rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 3 life are changed by a storm, flood, or any other 4 (nature) disaster. After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue missions in 2003. The team saved lots of people. It was the first time 5 a Chinese team had worked outside China, and the team won high praise for their bravery and skill. Since then, the CISAR 6 (complete) many missions. The list to whom help has been given is long. They spend several months 7 (give) aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. Rescue workers are trained 8 (find) people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water, and other 9 (supply). Rescue workers get to save lives, but they must also bury 10 dead. That means they have to be strong in both body and mind. It takes a lot of love and courage to risk one’s own life to save someone else’s. Passage 3 （23-24高一上·四川自贡·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Your time at senior high school will open the door to your potential.You may ask what potential is. Potential is your natural ability 1 can be developed when you try hard enough. The possibilities are endless, and you can make 2 difference to your family, to your community and to our country. Over the next three years, your potential 3 (discover) while you develop as a student and as an individual. To fully realise your potential, it is 4 (definite) important for you to make the most of the school resources. Join a club or two, and make good friends 5 people around you. But remember a good friend should have some good 6 (quality). A good friend needs to be supportive, generous and selfless. If he is having difficulty 7 (balance) his activities and schoolwork, you should respect and support his choices. When he 8 (struggle) with his schoolwork, you should help him become a more efficient learner.    As a senior high school student, you must make efforts 9 (improve) your communication and problemsolving skills. Never lose hope, even in difficult situations. In time you will find 10   (you) growing into a wellrounded individual. Do your best! Passage 4 （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期中）How are you getting along in your senior high school? It may be hard for you as this is the first time that you 1 (leave) your parents. You may often feel lonely and anxious, having trouble 2 (communicate) with others. That’s because you are new here 3 people don’t know about you. But I think you can overcome the 4 (difficult) if you follow the advice below. First, you should take 5 active part in the discussions and show your own opinions, and at the same time, learn to listen to other people’s views 6 (careful). Second, you should learn about your classmates’ likes and dislikes to get on 7 them. Only in this way can you get to know more different people and show them that you are just as 8 (friend). Last but not least, join in more after-class activities 9 will help you make more friends and enrich your school life. There’ s no need 10 (worry) too much. As long as you have confidence in yourself, you can adjust to the new life quickly. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$