Unit 2 Looking into the Future 单元话题阅读理解练习-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第一册单元

Unit 2 Looking into the Future 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 2 Looking into the Future单元话题：畅想未来 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高二下·甘肃·期末）Astronauts do a lot to prepare for the many things that can go wrong during space travel. But they can’t be experts in everything. That’s why NASA is testing to see if robots can fill in some of the gaps. A robot MIRA took an important step in that direction. Scientists succeeded in testing the robot’s ability to perform operations while on the International Space Station (ISS). And what’s more, they controlled the robot remotely from Earth. The robot was designed by a Lincoln, Nebraska-based company called Virtual Incision. Robots have long been used in surgery, but MIRA is the first miniature version of robotic-assisted surgery technology in development. The company said it’s about 1,000 times lighter than previous technologies, making it ideal for space travel where every pound matters. The goal of the experiment was to see if and how MIRA’s surgical capabilities would be affected by zero gravity. It attempted to perform a series of surgical tasks on simulated(模拟) human tissue while aboard the ISS, remotely controlled by six researchers in Lincoln, Nebraska. The robot performed a dissection(解剖) task common in surgeries, using its left hand to create tension in the tissue and its right to dissect the tissue with scissors. Researchers reported that the robot was able to successfully complete the task. As to the question of how zero gravity affects the robot’s surgical skills, they said it would take a few weeks or months before results were sent back to Earth. One goal of the research is to develop technology that could one day allow doctors to perform surgeries on astronauts remotely from Earth. It could also have a big impact on Earth, helping those who don’t have access to a surgeon get the help they need. 1．What is the function of Paragraph 1? A．To present a phenomenon. B．To introduce the topic. C．To comment on the event. D．To arouse the readers’ interest. 2．What can be known about MIRA? A．Its weight is suitable to travel to space. B．It has long been used in surgery in space. C．It has performed a surgery on human issues. D．It is the first version of robotic-assisted surgery. 3．What is the goal of the research? A．To reduce the impact of zero gravity on robots. B．To make space more inhabitable. C．To allow more doctors accessible in poor areas. D．To help with health care of astronauts in space. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Robots Can Fill in Some of the Gaps B．Doctors Controlled the Robot Remotely from Earth C．Scientists Successfully Tested the Robot’s Surgery Skills in Space D．Robots Took the Place of doctors in Surgeries （24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·期末）For over 1,800 years, doctors have used silk to sew wounds. Now, biomedical engineers are using it to make different types of medical implants (植入物). Doctors like silk for a variety of reasons. First, silk is a natural material that will break down in the body over time. So any implanted parts made of silk don’t have to be removed by surgery. Plus, not many people are sensitive to it. The materials currently used to make silk parts are made of proteins called silk fibroin. They are typically dissolved (溶解) in water until needed. But like all proteins, silk proteins can break down over time. Besides, all that water adds a lot of weight and volume to the silk materials as they’re stored, which makes those materials expensive to ship from place to place. David Kaplan from Tutts University and his colleagues set out to solve those problems. First, they put the silk proteins into salt. Next, they added water to the mixture. They then added a chemical called liquid nitrogen. Afterward, they put the icy mix into a place where the air pressure was very low. That combination of very low temperature and pressure caused water to disappear. Finally, the researchers turned the freeze-dried material into a powder. Powdered silk could help make really strong medical implants (such as the tools used to hold a broken bone together), which is a great breakthrough in the medical field. Besides, being biocompatible (生物相容的) is just the icing on the cake. It enables powdered silk to have another possible use: putting drugs into the implants. The implants could slowly release a drug over time. That way, patients might not need to take pills or get painful injections. Powdered silk is easy to work with, too. It is chemically stable and can last up to two years on the shelf. Plus, it’s lightweight because a lot of the water has been removed. So it doesn’t cost as much to ship the material. 1．Why do doctors like silk? A．Its long history. B．Its rich variety. C．Its affordable price. D．Its outstanding nature. 2．What function does liquid nitrogen serve in David’s research? A．To separate salt from the mixture. B．To produce low temperature. C．To keep the low pressure. D．To make a mixture. 3．What does the underlined part “the icing on the cake” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A piece of cake. B．Another bonus. C．A coincidence. D．A tendency. 4．What does the text mainly focus on? A．The benefits of powdered silk. B．Silk’s wide applications in our life. C．The process of making medical implants. D．A unique way of turning silk into medical materials. （24-25高二下·辽宁大连·期末）Can you imagine a house made from mushrooms? What benefits could such a material offer compared to traditional building materials? In the development of sustainable construction, Czech researchers and architects have showcased a building made primarily from mycelia (菌丝). The innovative house named Samorost is 3.5-meter-tall and 7-meter-long, using 1,800 kilograms of mycelia. Samorost is designed to serve as both a functional structure and a striking example of how mycelia can be used to replace traditional, fossil-fuel-based materials like polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) for environmental benefits. The mycelia used in the construction of Samorost are made from the root system of a species of mushroom, known for its durability (耐用性) and strength. Mycelia, when combined with natural, renewable materials such as wood, become a lightweight yet durable building material. Besides, unlike polystyrene, mycelia are biodegradable and produce significantly lower CO₂ emissions during, production. Additionally, mycelia have numerous potential applications in construction, such as being used as structural components like walls. As the material is both fire-resistant and highly customizable, mycelia can be used for furniture or supporting walls. However, experts caution that while mycelia show promise, their widespread use in construction may take time. According to Katerina Sysova, an architect at the Czech Technical University, mycelia are not yet suited for every application, such as external building materials in multi - story buildings, where wet atmosphere could compromise their performance. Still, with growing support from the European Union’s sustainability initiatives and increasing demand for environmentally friendly solutions, mycelia - based construction could become the mainstream in the coming years. 1．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To promote innovative buildings. B．To introduce an alternative material. C．To compare mycelia with polystyrene. D．To explain the structure of mycelia. 2．What is a fact about mycelia as a building material? A．It’s carbon-intensive. B．It’s water-resistant. C．It’s widely-used. D．It’s eco-friendly. 3．What does the underlined word “compromise” most likely mean in paragraph 4? A．Strengthen. B．Weaken. C．Maintain. D．Facilitate. 4．What can be inferred about the prospect of mycelia - based construction? A．It’s questionable. B．It’s unpredictable. C．It’s impractical. D．It’s promising. （24-25高二下·四川成都·期末）Scientists have discovered a new technique by which light can be bent around corners, inspired by the way clouds scatter (散射) sunlight. This type of light-bending could lead to improvements in many fields such as medical imaging and electronics cooling. Daniele Faccio at the University of Glasgow, UK, and his workmates say they are shocked that this type of light scattering wasn’t noticed before. It works on the same basis as clouds, snow and other white materials that absorb light: once photons (光子) hit the surface of such a material, they are scattered in all directions. “The light goes around and tries to get in,” says Faccio. “And eventually what happens is that it just gets reflected back because it can’t get in. This is this scattering.” To copy this process, the team 3D printed objects from a special white material while leaving thin tunnels (通路) within. When light is shone at the material, it travels into these tunnels and is scattered — just as light is on snow or clouds. However, instead of scattering randomly in every direction, the photons are directed to return to the tunnels by the material. The team put this to use, creating a range of objects that control light in an organised way. The researchers say their material improves light transmission much better than those without the same tunnels, and also allows it to be directed around curves. This method of light-bending could make use of existing tunnels of some special materials to provide new ways to carry out medical imaging. Faccio says the exact same way also works to direct heat and neutrons, and could therefore also find use in a range of engineering applications such as cooling systems. 1．What inspired the discovery of the technique? A．How light travels. B．How clouds scatter sunlight. C．The relevant studies. D．The features of white materials. 2．According to paragraph 4, what is the key to controlling the light scattering? A．The motion of the photons. B．The size of the material. C．The tunnels inside the material. D．The process of 3D printing. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Future study in light-bending. B．Potential problems of medical imaging. C．Possible applications of this new technique. D．Experts’ opinions on the use of special materials. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a creative technique. B．To sing high praise for innovative spirits. C．To explain the principle of light scattering. D．To highlight the advantages of technology. （24-25高二下·辽宁·期末）A team of researchers in China has found a way to bring dead lithium-ion (锂) batteries back to life, potentially reducing both the amount of waste that’s quickly piling up from spent electric vehicle (EV) batteries and the need to produce as many new ones. The amount of spent lithium-ion batteries that need to deal with is expected to rise sharply from an estimate of 900,000 metric tons this year to 20.5 million metric tons by 2040, according to a report released by the United Nations Development Program last September. So Gao, a chemist at Fudan University in Shanghai and his colleagues wanted to find a molecule (分子) that could refill a dead cell by adding it with lithium ions. The researchers used an artificial intelligence model trained on the rules of chemistry. They fed it a database of electrochemical reactions and had it look for molecules that would meet their requirements, such as dissolving well in an electrolyte (电解质) solution and being relatively cheap to produce. The model recommended three candidates, and the team identified one of them, a salt called lithium trifluoromethanesulfinate (LiSO2CF3), as ideal. Gao and his colleagues found that the chemical mixture could significantly extend the lifetime of a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cell. An LFP battery that powers an EV can typically be charged and then discharged about 2,000 times before it is considered “dead” (when its capacity is below the 80 percent mark). By adding the electrolyte whenever the battery neared that threshold, the team was able to restore most of the cell’s capacity each time — and it carried on working almost as well as a new battery. By the end of the experiment, the cell regained 96 percent capacity after nearly 12,000 charge-discharge cycles. A follow-up experiment showed the method also worked on NMC (nickel, manganese and cobalt) lithium-ion batteries, Gao says. Fudan University is currently working with China-based battery-material maker to commercialize the method. Gao imagines a widespread system of “battery-boosting stations” where EV owners will be able to bring dead power sources to be fixed. 1．What is the purpose of the second paragraph? A．To criticize poor recycling efforts. B．To explain battery recycling chemistry. C．To show battery waste problem and research aim. D．To lead in a topic of a new battery production method. 2．How did the researchers find the right chemical for batteries? A．Through using computer analysis. B．Through trying every possible salt. C．By copying old research methods. D．By doing regular scientific experiments. 3．What does the underlined word “threshold” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Peak. B．Wavelength. C．Tune. D．Limit. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The technology is already used in all EVs. B．Market application requires business partnerships. C．Fudan University will work alone on this project. D．The system only works for experimental batteries. （24-25高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）Have you ever struggled with a task because two arms just weren’t enough? If so, you might like a new device that can really lend a helping hand. You wear this robotic arm, and then control it with the muscle you use to breathe. Currently, the robotic arm is worn in the middle of your chest, but it can also be placed above your shoulders or at your side, depending on what you want to do with it. Engineer Giulia Dominijanni, part of a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), helped create the device. In the past, robotic arms were designed to replace lost arms, with brain signals controlling them. This new device allows users to control an extra arm while still using their real arms. For this reason, the team designed it to be controlled by breathing. The robotic arm can sense the movement of your diaphragm (膈膜), the muscle that helps you breathe. When you breathe in, the robotic arm stretches; when you breathe out, it retracts (缩回). Breathing normally keeps the arm in the same position. Before making the actual arm, the EPFL team created a virtual reality (VR) model. Volunteers learned to control this virtual third arm using breath sensors. The tests showed that people could easily look around and talk while using the arm. After successful VR tests, the team built a simple robotic arm that functions like the virtual one. Early tests showed that users could comfortably operate the extra arm alongside their own arms. However, researchers are still exploring how well people can control this robotic arm without affecting the use of their natural arms. Jacob George, a director at the University of Utah’s robotics center, notes, “When you’re adding something new on your body, it’s unclear how much the brain can do with that. But in time it becomes possible to control the new arm well.” And scientists at EPFL believe that understanding this could benefit those with disabilities or people recovering from injuries. 1．How do EPFL’s robotic arms differ from previous ones? A．They feature affordable prices. B．They are operated by breathing. C．They can deal with our health issues. D．They are controlled by brain signals. 2．Why did the EPFL team create a VR model? A．To test the newly-invented arm’s actual function. B．To figure out how the robotic arm work. C．To attract more volunteers. D．To cut its production cost. 3．What is Jacob’s attitude to the robotic arm? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Device that Can Really Help Scientists B．The Effect of Robotic Technology on People’s Life C．Tips on How to Use an Extra Arm D．Robotics Gives Us an Extra Arm （24-25高二下·贵州六盘水·期末）Within the next 3-5 years, advanced humanoid robots will transform elderly care by providing both physical support and emotional companionship. Professor Liu Lizheng of Fudan University emphasizes that robots must achieve high functional intelligence and genuine emotional interaction to make old people feel cared for, not just assisted. The “Guanghua No.1” robot, developed by Liu’s team, has made it. Standing 165cm tall and weighing 62kg, it walks upright and expresses 21 distinct emotions, including joy, anger, and sorrow, through its animated face. This robot’s ability to understand emotions, which is important for building trust, comes from three years of research that combines body movement science, computer technology, and large data systems. It employs a system inspired by the human brain and a reward method similar to how the brain uses dopamine (多巴胺), allowing it to recognize and react to people’s feelings in a human-like way. Physically, the robot prioritizes safety and accuracy. Equipped with intelligent joints and a layered body-brain model, it performs delicate tasks like assisting seniors to rise from bed or move to the bathroom. Unlike household robots, caregiver robots assist fragile users. “If collision risks arise, it must carry out protective actions instantly,” Liu stresses. The robot continuously learns household routines through observation, adapting to individual preferences in cooking, cleaning, or mobility support. Global demand drives this innovation. Countries facing severe aging populations have shown strong interest in Guanghua No.1, which communicates in six languages. China currently leads this field, with multiple teams developing solutions for a shared challenge: sustainable elderly care. Robots like Guanghua No.1 represent more than technology — they offer tireless, personalized care combining physical assistance and emotional warmth. As the world’s population changes, these new technologies may change how we respect older people by giving all-day help without getting tired. 1．How does Guanghua No.1 express its emotions? A．Through animated facial expressions. B．By reacting based on dopamine-like rewards. C．Through upright walking and body gestures. D．By using a system inspired by computer technology. 2．Why does the author mention “household robots” in the passage 3? A．To give an example. B．To make a comparison. C．To introduce a new topic. D．To provide an explanation. 3．What can be inferred from the passage about the future of elderly care? A．Elderly people will no longer need human care. B．Robots will no longer need to learn household routines. C．Elderly people may receive 24-hour care from robots. D．Caregiver robots will fully replace household robots soon. 4．From which section of a magazine is this passage most probably taken? A．Health and Fitness. B．Science and Technology. C．Culture and History. D．Sports and Entertainment. （24-25高二下·河南商丘·期末）A fully soft, 3D-printed robot that operates without any electronics has been developed by engineers at the University of California, San Diego. Led by mechanical engineer Yichen Zhai, the team created an insect-inspired robot with six flexible legs that moves completely using air from a container. Remarkably, the entire robot is printed as one single piece from plastic, a process taking about two and a half days. Unlike conventional robots needing electricity, this innovation relies on air pressure. Because of this design, the robot is waterproof, as demonstrated when it successfully walked through beach shallows during testing. The six-legged design provides excellent stability on rough surfaces. When moving, three legs step while the other three remain grounded, preventing the robot from tipping over easily. Perla Maiolino, a soft robotics expert at the University of Oxford, finds the design “quite interesting”, highlighting its unique single-material, single-piece construction unlike typical multi-part constructed robots. This electronics-free approach holds significant promise for future applications. Such robots could potentially work in dangerous environments where electronics fail or pose risks, such as underwater, in mines, or even in space. They represent a step towards free-standing robots usable in tough conditions without power wires. However, the current model has limitations. Its speed is only about 4 centimeters per second — faster than a snail but slower than a turtle — and it can only operate for 80 seconds on an air container. It also moves only in a straight line and cannot yet turn or avoid barriers. Zhai’s team is actively working on a faster version and aims to develop a turning system, potentially using controlled airflow to move around like a simple self-driving device. While not yet ready for demanding tasks, Zhai emphasizes the robot’s current accessibility. “The robot is like a toy,” be says. Being cheaply and easily 3D printable means “If people love it, they can make it. That’s enough.” 1．What is a key feature of the robot? A．It requires complex tools to build. B．It is printed as a single plastic piece. C．It has electronic sensors for movement. D．It uses multiple materials for flexibility. 2．What is Perla Maiolino’s attitude towards the robot’s design? A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned. C．Critical. D．Positive. 3．What aspect of the robot is expected to be improved in future research? A．Its structural complexity. B．Its ability to avoid barriers. C．Its data processing capacity. D．Its use of electronic parts. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．A 3D-Printed Robot with Four Legs B．The Advantages of Air-Powered Robots C．The Speed and Limitations of a Soft Robot D．An Air-Powered Robot Without Electronics 重难语篇提升练 （2025·福建泉州·模拟预测）Flying roast chickens, hot coffee, milk, and bread will drop from the air into Queensland backyards in a world-first drone delivery trial expected to start within weeks. A company called Wing made public its new Australian drone service, extending its reach from an early trial in Canberra, making Australia the first country in the world to use home delivery drones in two areas. James Ryan Burgess, the company’s CEO, said the drone services were likely to extend into more areas in the future, with the country picked as a testbed for drone services worldwide. Wing’s latest drone project will see “tens of drones” deliver goods to houses in Queensland. In its Early Flyer program, people would be able to order a number of goods, with drone delivery offered free and within just minutes of placing an order. Its Canberra record for preparing and delivering a coffee stood at just three minutes. Mr. Burgess said the company chose Queensland’s Logan area because of its growing population and a large number of young families. But he said Wing would take to the skies in other parts of Australia in the future as many Australians wanted to try the technology and safety regulators were open to testing it. “This will be the most modern drone delivery service in Australia but it’s also the best in the world,” he said. “Australia will always have our most modern drone technology, and we will take what we learn in Australia and use it around the world.” Wing delivery drones commonly fly at a height of 60m, Mr. Burgess said, could carry up to 1.5kg of goods, and lower packages to areas in front or backyards. Civil Aviation Safety Authority spokesman Peter Gibson said he hoped the regulator would allow Wing to fly its drones in Logan shortly, as the company had already shown its technology was safe in Canberra trials over the past two years. 1．Why did Wing choose Queensland’s Logan area? A．There are many backyards there. B．People are open to drone delivery. C．An increasing number of young people live there. D．The population of Logan is larger than that of others. 2．What can we infer about drone delivery service? A．It is efficient and safe in Logan. B．The weight of delivered goods is limited. C．Wing has extended the service into many areas. D．It is the most modern drone delivery service in the world. 3．What do Peter Gibson’s words in the last paragraph show? A．His expectation. B．His prediction. C．His Humor. D．His concern. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Early Trial of Drone Delivery B．The Development of Drone Delivery C．Drones are the Future of Food Delivery D．Lunch and Coffee Orders can Fly in the Sky （2025·江西新余·模拟预测）Scientists from UNSW Sydney have developed a groundbreaking method to tackle the common problem of “forever chemicals” in water. These chemicals, known scientifically as polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are difficult to break down, causing significant environmental and health risks. The new method involves a novel catalyst (催化剂) system that promises a more efficient and sustainable solution, for breaking down these compounds. PFAS are widely used in various industries due to their resistance to heat, water, and oil. They’re found in products such as cookware, food packaging and clothing. Their widespread use has led to global pollution of water sources and soil. A study has shown that almost half of America tap water is polluted with alarming levels of PFAS, raising concerns about their environmental and health impacts. PFAS are called “forever chemicals” because their stable chemical structure makes them resistant to degradation. That means they persist in the environment and accumulate in the human body, potentially leading to harmful health outcomes. Current methods to remove PFAS from water such as activated carbon absorption have significant deficiencies. Activated carbon can absorb PFAS but requires burning to destroy the chemicals, which is environmentally harmful. Oxidizing agents can break down PFAS into smaller, more persistent structures, complicating the removal process. These methods are inefficient and not environmentally friendly, highlighting the need for better solutions. The catalyst system developed by Dr. Jun Sun can break the strong carbon-fluoride (强碳氟键) bonds in PFAS, using nano zero-valent metals (纳米零价金属) combined with a catalyst inspired by the structure of vitamin B12. The system was tested on common PFAS compounds like branched PFOS, showing impressive results. Dr. Sun explained, “The new system we’ve developed shows successful PFAS measures to solve water pollution in the lab, which we hope to eventually test at larger scales.” Within five hours, the new method achieved a 7% breakdown of PFAS, significantly outperforming existing B12-based catalysts, which managed less than 8% breakdown in the same period. While further research is needed before the method can be applied on a large scale, the team is optimistic. They plan to conduct more tests and explore integrating the catalyst into electro-chemical cells for broader application. 1．What do we know about PFAS? A．They are common chemicals. B．They are harmless compounds. C．They are widely used in agriculture. D．They damage the earth in many aspects. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “deficiencies” in Paragraph 3? A．Strength. B．Shortcoming. C．Difference. D．Diversity. 3．What is the team’s plan for the future of the new method? A．To find other substitutes of PFAS. B．To apply it on a large scale immediately. C．To test it more before putting it to use widely. D．To develop new chemicals having similar features. 4．What is the main point of the passage? A．“ Forever chemicals” in water can be broken down. B．A catalyst system is saving human from disasters. C．Polluted water will be safe to drink in the future. D．PFAS can be used in more industries in future. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Looking into the Future 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 2 Looking into the Future单元话题：畅想未来 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高二下·甘肃·期末）Astronauts do a lot to prepare for the many things that can go wrong during space travel. But they can’t be experts in everything. That’s why NASA is testing to see if robots can fill in some of the gaps. A robot MIRA took an important step in that direction. Scientists succeeded in testing the robot’s ability to perform operations while on the International Space Station (ISS). And what’s more, they controlled the robot remotely from Earth. The robot was designed by a Lincoln, Nebraska-based company called Virtual Incision. Robots have long been used in surgery, but MIRA is the first miniature version of robotic-assisted surgery technology in development. The company said it’s about 1,000 times lighter than previous technologies, making it ideal for space travel where every pound matters. The goal of the experiment was to see if and how MIRA’s surgical capabilities would be affected by zero gravity. It attempted to perform a series of surgical tasks on simulated(模拟) human tissue while aboard the ISS, remotely controlled by six researchers in Lincoln, Nebraska. The robot performed a dissection(解剖) task common in surgeries, using its left hand to create tension in the tissue and its right to dissect the tissue with scissors. Researchers reported that the robot was able to successfully complete the task. As to the question of how zero gravity affects the robot’s surgical skills, they said it would take a few weeks or months before results were sent back to Earth. One goal of the research is to develop technology that could one day allow doctors to perform surgeries on astronauts remotely from Earth. It could also have a big impact on Earth, helping those who don’t have access to a surgeon get the help they need. 1．What is the function of Paragraph 1? A．To present a phenomenon. B．To introduce the topic. C．To comment on the event. D．To arouse the readers’ interest. 2．What can be known about MIRA? A．Its weight is suitable to travel to space. B．It has long been used in surgery in space. C．It has performed a surgery on human issues. D．It is the first version of robotic-assisted surgery. 3．What is the goal of the research? A．To reduce the impact of zero gravity on robots. B．To make space more inhabitable. C．To allow more doctors accessible in poor areas. D．To help with health care of astronauts in space. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Robots Can Fill in Some of the Gaps B．Doctors Controlled the Robot Remotely from Earth C．Scientists Successfully Tested the Robot’s Surgery Skills in Space D．Robots Took the Place of doctors in Surgeries 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种机器人MIRA在空间中完成对模拟人体的手术，这个机器人有望填补人类宇航员所无法做的一些空白。 1．推理判断题。根据文章的第一段内容“Astronauts do a lot to prepare for the many things that can go wrong during space travel. But they can’t be experts in everything. That’s why NASA is testing to see if robots can fill in some of the gaps.(宇航员为太空旅行中可能出现的许多问题做了很多准备。但他们不可能在所有的方面都是专家。这就是为什么美国国家航空航天局正在测试机器人是否可以填补一些空白。)”可知，第一段指出宇航员为很多事情做准备，但不可能为所有的事情做好准备，依然可能出错，最后一句提到机器人可以来填补空白，因此推断第一段的目的是导入文章的话题，讲述下文的机器人MIRA。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The company said it’s about 1,000 times lighter than previous technologies, making it ideal for space travel where every pound matters.(该公司表示，它比以前的技术轻约1000倍，使得它非常适合太空旅行，太空旅行时每一磅都很重要。)”可知，MIRA和以前的技术相比，重量轻了约1000倍，很适合每一磅都重要的太空旅行。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段第一句话“One goal of the research is to develop technology that could one day allow doctors to perform surgeries on astronauts remotely from Earth.(这项研究的一个目标是开发一种技术，有朝一日可以让医生在地球上远程为宇航员进行手术。)”可知，这个研究的目的之一是为了给空间站宇航员提供医疗保健方面的帮助。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段前两句“A robot MIRA took an important step in that direction. Scientists succeeded in testing the robot’s ability to perform operations while on the International Space Station (ISS). (MIRA机器人朝着这个方向迈出了重要的一步。科学家成功测试了机器人在国际空间站（ISS）上做手术的能力。)”以及全文内容可知，本文围绕着填补宇航员工作空白的机器人MIRA展开，第二段指出科学家成功测试了这种机器人在太空做手术的能力，下文各段是对这一事实的详细论述，因此本文的标题也应该基于这一事实。因此推断C项“科学家成功地测试了机器人在太空中的手术技能”为最佳标题。故选C项。 （24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·期末）For over 1,800 years, doctors have used silk to sew wounds. Now, biomedical engineers are using it to make different types of medical implants (植入物). Doctors like silk for a variety of reasons. First, silk is a natural material that will break down in the body over time. So any implanted parts made of silk don’t have to be removed by surgery. Plus, not many people are sensitive to it. The materials currently used to make silk parts are made of proteins called silk fibroin. They are typically dissolved (溶解) in water until needed. But like all proteins, silk proteins can break down over time. Besides, all that water adds a lot of weight and volume to the silk materials as they’re stored, which makes those materials expensive to ship from place to place. David Kaplan from Tutts University and his colleagues set out to solve those problems. First, they put the silk proteins into salt. Next, they added water to the mixture. They then added a chemical called liquid nitrogen. Afterward, they put the icy mix into a place where the air pressure was very low. That combination of very low temperature and pressure caused water to disappear. Finally, the researchers turned the freeze-dried material into a powder. Powdered silk could help make really strong medical implants (such as the tools used to hold a broken bone together), which is a great breakthrough in the medical field. Besides, being biocompatible (生物相容的) is just the icing on the cake. It enables powdered silk to have another possible use: putting drugs into the implants. The implants could slowly release a drug over time. That way, patients might not need to take pills or get painful injections. Powdered silk is easy to work with, too. It is chemically stable and can last up to two years on the shelf. Plus, it’s lightweight because a lot of the water has been removed. So it doesn’t cost as much to ship the material. 1．Why do doctors like silk? A．Its long history. B．Its rich variety. C．Its affordable price. D．Its outstanding nature. 2．What function does liquid nitrogen serve in David’s research? A．To separate salt from the mixture. B．To produce low temperature. C．To keep the low pressure. D．To make a mixture. 3．What does the underlined part “the icing on the cake” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A piece of cake. B．Another bonus. C．A coincidence. D．A tendency. 4．What does the text mainly focus on? A．The benefits of powdered silk. B．Silk’s wide applications in our life. C．The process of making medical implants. D．A unique way of turning silk into medical materials. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员如何将丝绸转化为粉末状医疗材料，并详细阐述了这种方法的优势及其潜在应用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Doctors like silk for a variety of reasons. First, silk is a natural material that will break down in the body over time. So any implanted parts made of silk don’t have to be removed by surgery. Plus, not many people are sensitive to it.(医生们喜欢丝绸有很多原因。首先，丝绸是一种天然材料，会随着时间的推移在体内分解。因此，任何用丝绸制成的植入部件都不需要通过手术移除。另外，对它过敏的人不多)”可知，医生喜欢丝绸是因为它是一种天然材料，会随时间在体内分解，不需要手术移除，且很多人对其不过敏，这些都是丝绸的优秀特性。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Next, they added water to the mixture. They then added a chemical called liquid nitrogen. Afterward, they put the icy mix into a place where the air pressure was very low. That combination of very low temperature and pressure caused water to disappear.(接下来，他们向混合物中加水。然后，他们加入了一种叫做液氮的化学物质。之后，他们把冰冷的混合物放进一个气压很低的地方。极低的温度和压力的组合使水消失了)”可知，液氮的作用是产生极低的温度，以便与低压结合使水消失。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Powdered silk could help make really strong medical implants (such as the tools used to hold a broken bone together), which is a great breakthrough in the medical field. Besides, being biocompatible (生物相容的) is just the icing on the cake. It enables powdered silk to have another possible use: putting drugs into the implants.(粉末状丝绸有助于制造非常坚固的医疗植入物(如用于固定骨折的工具)，这是医学领域的一项重大突破。此外，生物相容性只是the icing on the cake。它使粉末状丝绸有另一种可能的用途：将药物放入植入物中)”可知，粉末状丝绸有助于制造坚固的医疗植入物，这是医学上的重大突破，而生物相容性使粉末状丝绸有另一种可能的用途，是额外的优点，即“锦上添花”的事情，由此推知，the icing on the cake意为“额外的优点或好处”。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“For over 1,400 years, doctors have used silk to sew wounds. Now, biomedical engineers are using it to make different types of medical implants (植入物).(1400多年来，医生们一直用丝绸来缝合伤口。现在，生物医学工程师正在用它来制造不同类型的医疗植入物)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员如何将丝绸转化为粉末状医疗材料，并详细阐述了这种方法的优势及其潜在应用。故选D项。 （24-25高二下·辽宁大连·期末）Can you imagine a house made from mushrooms? What benefits could such a material offer compared to traditional building materials? In the development of sustainable construction, Czech researchers and architects have showcased a building made primarily from mycelia (菌丝). The innovative house named Samorost is 3.5-meter-tall and 7-meter-long, using 1,800 kilograms of mycelia. Samorost is designed to serve as both a functional structure and a striking example of how mycelia can be used to replace traditional, fossil-fuel-based materials like polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) for environmental benefits. The mycelia used in the construction of Samorost are made from the root system of a species of mushroom, known for its durability (耐用性) and strength. Mycelia, when combined with natural, renewable materials such as wood, become a lightweight yet durable building material. Besides, unlike polystyrene, mycelia are biodegradable and produce significantly lower CO₂ emissions during, production. Additionally, mycelia have numerous potential applications in construction, such as being used as structural components like walls. As the material is both fire-resistant and highly customizable, mycelia can be used for furniture or supporting walls. However, experts caution that while mycelia show promise, their widespread use in construction may take time. According to Katerina Sysova, an architect at the Czech Technical University, mycelia are not yet suited for every application, such as external building materials in multi - story buildings, where wet atmosphere could compromise their performance. Still, with growing support from the European Union’s sustainability initiatives and increasing demand for environmentally friendly solutions, mycelia - based construction could become the mainstream in the coming years. 1．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To promote innovative buildings. B．To introduce an alternative material. C．To compare mycelia with polystyrene. D．To explain the structure of mycelia. 2．What is a fact about mycelia as a building material? A．It’s carbon-intensive. B．It’s water-resistant. C．It’s widely-used. D．It’s eco-friendly. 3．What does the underlined word “compromise” most likely mean in paragraph 4? A．Strengthen. B．Weaken. C．Maintain. D．Facilitate. 4．What can be inferred about the prospect of mycelia - based construction? A．It’s questionable. B．It’s unpredictable. C．It’s impractical. D．It’s promising. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了菌丝作为一种可持续建筑材料的潜力，包括其特性、优势以及当前面临的挑战和未来前景。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Can you imagine a house made from mushrooms? What benefits could such a material offer compared to traditional building materials? (你能想象一座用蘑菇建造的房子吗？与传统建筑材料相比，这种材料能带来哪些好处呢？)并结合全文内容，文章开篇提出“蘑菇建造的房子”这一概念，接着介绍了捷克研究人员和建筑师利用菌丝建造的创新房屋Samorost，并详细说明了菌丝作为建筑材料的特性、环保优势以及应用潜力，文章的核心是向读者介绍菌丝这一传统建筑材料的替代品。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Besides, unlike polystyrene, mycelia are biodegradable and produce significantly lower CO₂ emissions during, production. (此外，与聚苯乙烯不同，菌丝体可生物降解，在生产过程中产生的二氧化碳排放量显著降低)”可知，菌丝体作为建筑材料具有环保的特点。故选D项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第四段“According to Katerina Sysova, an architect at the Czech Technical University, mycelia are not yet suited for every application, such as external building materials in multi - story buildings, where wet atmosphere could compromise their performance. (捷克技术大学的建筑师卡特琳娜・西索娃表示，菌丝体目前并非适用于所有场景，例如在多层建筑的外部建材方面，潮湿的环境可能会compromise其性能)”结合语境，潮湿环境对菌丝体的性能应该是不利的影响，所以“compromise”与“Weaken”意思相近，意为“削弱”。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, with growing support from the European Union’s sustainability initiatives and increasing demand for environmentally friendly solutions, mycelia-based construction could become the mainstream in the coming years. (尽管如此，随着欧盟可持续发展倡议的支持力度不断加大，以及对环保解决方案的需求日益增长，菌丝体建筑可能在未来几年成为主流)”可知，菌丝体建筑的前景是有希望的。故选D项。 （24-25高二下·四川成都·期末）Scientists have discovered a new technique by which light can be bent around corners, inspired by the way clouds scatter (散射) sunlight. This type of light-bending could lead to improvements in many fields such as medical imaging and electronics cooling. Daniele Faccio at the University of Glasgow, UK, and his workmates say they are shocked that this type of light scattering wasn’t noticed before. It works on the same basis as clouds, snow and other white materials that absorb light: once photons (光子) hit the surface of such a material, they are scattered in all directions. “The light goes around and tries to get in,” says Faccio. “And eventually what happens is that it just gets reflected back because it can’t get in. This is this scattering.” To copy this process, the team 3D printed objects from a special white material while leaving thin tunnels (通路) within. When light is shone at the material, it travels into these tunnels and is scattered — just as light is on snow or clouds. However, instead of scattering randomly in every direction, the photons are directed to return to the tunnels by the material. The team put this to use, creating a range of objects that control light in an organised way. The researchers say their material improves light transmission much better than those without the same tunnels, and also allows it to be directed around curves. This method of light-bending could make use of existing tunnels of some special materials to provide new ways to carry out medical imaging. Faccio says the exact same way also works to direct heat and neutrons, and could therefore also find use in a range of engineering applications such as cooling systems. 1．What inspired the discovery of the technique? A．How light travels. B．How clouds scatter sunlight. C．The relevant studies. D．The features of white materials. 2．According to paragraph 4, what is the key to controlling the light scattering? A．The motion of the photons. B．The size of the material. C．The tunnels inside the material. D．The process of 3D printing. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Future study in light-bending. B．Potential problems of medical imaging. C．Possible applications of this new technique. D．Experts’ opinions on the use of special materials. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a creative technique. B．To sing high praise for innovative spirits. C．To explain the principle of light scattering. D．To highlight the advantages of technology. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家受云散射阳光的启发发现了一种新的光线弯曲技术及其应用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists have discovered a new technique by which light can be bent around corners, inspired by the way clouds scatter sunlight. (科学家们发现了一种新的技术，可以使光线绕过角落弯曲，这一技术的灵感来自云散射阳光的方式。)”可知，是云散射阳光的方式启发了这项技术的发现。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To copy this process, the team 3D printed objects from a special white material while leaving thin tunnels within. When light is shone at the material, it travels into these tunnels and is scattered — just as light is on snow or clouds. However, instead of scattering randomly in every direction, the photons are directed to return to the tunnels by the material. The team put this to use, creating a range of objects that control light in an organised way. (为了复制这一过程，研究小组用一种特殊的白色材料3D打印了物体，同时在内部留下了细小的通道。当光线照射到这种材料上时，它会进入这些通道并被散射，就像光在雪或云上一样。然而，光子并没有随机地向各个方向散射，而是被材料引导回到通道中。研究小组利用了这一点，创造了一系列有组织地控制光线的物体。)”可知，控制光散射的关键是材料内部的通道。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This method of light-bending could make use of existing tunnels of some special materials to provide new ways to carry out medical imaging. Faccio says the exact same way also works to direct heat and neutrons, and could therefore also find use in a range of engineering applications such as cooling systems. (这种光线弯曲的方法可以利用一些特殊材料现有的通道，为医学成像提供新的方法。Faccio说，同样的方法也可以用来引导热量和中子，因此也可以用于一系列工程应用，如冷却系统。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是这种新技术的可能应用。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Scientists have discovered a new technique by which light can be bent around corners, inspired by the way clouds scatter sunlight. (科学家们发现了一种新的技术，可以使光线绕过角落弯曲，这一技术的灵感来自云散射阳光的方式。)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家受云散射阳光的启发发现了一种新的光线弯曲技术及其应用，因此文章的目的是介绍一种创造性的技术。故选A。 （24-25高二下·辽宁·期末）A team of researchers in China has found a way to bring dead lithium-ion (锂) batteries back to life, potentially reducing both the amount of waste that’s quickly piling up from spent electric vehicle (EV) batteries and the need to produce as many new ones. The amount of spent lithium-ion batteries that need to deal with is expected to rise sharply from an estimate of 900,000 metric tons this year to 20.5 million metric tons by 2040, according to a report released by the United Nations Development Program last September. So Gao, a chemist at Fudan University in Shanghai and his colleagues wanted to find a molecule (分子) that could refill a dead cell by adding it with lithium ions. The researchers used an artificial intelligence model trained on the rules of chemistry. They fed it a database of electrochemical reactions and had it look for molecules that would meet their requirements, such as dissolving well in an electrolyte (电解质) solution and being relatively cheap to produce. The model recommended three candidates, and the team identified one of them, a salt called lithium trifluoromethanesulfinate (LiSO2CF3), as ideal. Gao and his colleagues found that the chemical mixture could significantly extend the lifetime of a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cell. An LFP battery that powers an EV can typically be charged and then discharged about 2,000 times before it is considered “dead” (when its capacity is below the 80 percent mark). By adding the electrolyte whenever the battery neared that threshold, the team was able to restore most of the cell’s capacity each time — and it carried on working almost as well as a new battery. By the end of the experiment, the cell regained 96 percent capacity after nearly 12,000 charge-discharge cycles. A follow-up experiment showed the method also worked on NMC (nickel, manganese and cobalt) lithium-ion batteries, Gao says. Fudan University is currently working with China-based battery-material maker to commercialize the method. Gao imagines a widespread system of “battery-boosting stations” where EV owners will be able to bring dead power sources to be fixed. 1．What is the purpose of the second paragraph? A．To criticize poor recycling efforts. B．To explain battery recycling chemistry. C．To show battery waste problem and research aim. D．To lead in a topic of a new battery production method. 2．How did the researchers find the right chemical for batteries? A．Through using computer analysis. B．Through trying every possible salt. C．By copying old research methods. D．By doing regular scientific experiments. 3．What does the underlined word “threshold” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Peak. B．Wavelength. C．Tune. D．Limit. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The technology is already used in all EVs. B．Market application requires business partnerships. C．Fudan University will work alone on this project. D．The system only works for experimental batteries. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国研究人员通过人工智能技术找到了一种方法，利用特定化学物质延长锂离子电池的使用寿命，从而减少废旧电池的浪费和对新电池的需求，并展望了未来电池修复站的广泛应用。 1．推理判断题。第二段首句“The amount of spent lithium-ion batteries that need to deal with is expected to rise sharply from an estimate of 900,000 metric tons this year to 20.5 million metric tons by 2040, according to a report released by the United Nations Development Program last September.(联合国开发计划署（United Nations Development Program）去年9月发布的一份报告显示，到2040年，需要处理的废锂离子电池数量预计将从今年估计的90万吨大幅增加到2050万吨)”提到废锂电池数量将从90万吨激增至2040年的2050万吨，接着“So Gao, a chemist at Fudan University in Shanghai and his colleagues wanted to find a molecule (分子) that could refill a dead cell by adding it with lithium ions.(因此，上海复旦大学的化学家高和他的同事们想找到一种分子，可以通过添加锂离子来重新填充死细胞)”说明复旦团队的研究目标“find a molecule...”，可知本段的目的是展示电池废弃物问题的严重性和研究的目标。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The researchers used an artificial intelligence model trained on the rules of chemistry.(研究人员使用了一种经过化学规则训练的人工智能模型)”可知，本段明确说明研究人员使用人工智能模型，通过输入电化学反应数据库寻找合适的分子，属于典型的计算机分析方法。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“An LFP battery that powers an EV can typically be charged and then discharged about 2,000 times before it is considered “dead” (when its capacity is below the 80 percent mark). By adding the electrolyte whenever the battery neared that threshold, the team was able to restore most of the cell’s capacity each time — and it carried on working almost as well as a new battery. (为电动汽车供电的LFP电池通常可以充电，然后放电约2000次，然后才被认为“不工作的”（当其容量低于80%的标准时）。通过在电池接近threshold时添加电解质，该团队每次都能恢复电池的大部分容量，并且电池的工作性能几乎与新电池一样好)”可知，电池充电和放电约2000次，然后才被认为是“不工作的”，推测threshold指的是电池失效的临界值或限度。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Fudan University is currently working with China-based battery-material maker to commercialize the method.(复旦大学目前正与中国一家电池材料制造商合作，将这种方法商业化)”可推知，商业化需要企业合作。故选B。 （24-25高二下·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）Have you ever struggled with a task because two arms just weren’t enough? If so, you might like a new device that can really lend a helping hand. You wear this robotic arm, and then control it with the muscle you use to breathe. Currently, the robotic arm is worn in the middle of your chest, but it can also be placed above your shoulders or at your side, depending on what you want to do with it. Engineer Giulia Dominijanni, part of a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL), helped create the device. In the past, robotic arms were designed to replace lost arms, with brain signals controlling them. This new device allows users to control an extra arm while still using their real arms. For this reason, the team designed it to be controlled by breathing. The robotic arm can sense the movement of your diaphragm (膈膜), the muscle that helps you breathe. When you breathe in, the robotic arm stretches; when you breathe out, it retracts (缩回). Breathing normally keeps the arm in the same position. Before making the actual arm, the EPFL team created a virtual reality (VR) model. Volunteers learned to control this virtual third arm using breath sensors. The tests showed that people could easily look around and talk while using the arm. After successful VR tests, the team built a simple robotic arm that functions like the virtual one. Early tests showed that users could comfortably operate the extra arm alongside their own arms. However, researchers are still exploring how well people can control this robotic arm without affecting the use of their natural arms. Jacob George, a director at the University of Utah’s robotics center, notes, “When you’re adding something new on your body, it’s unclear how much the brain can do with that. But in time it becomes possible to control the new arm well.” And scientists at EPFL believe that understanding this could benefit those with disabilities or people recovering from injuries. 1．How do EPFL’s robotic arms differ from previous ones? A．They feature affordable prices. B．They are operated by breathing. C．They can deal with our health issues. D．They are controlled by brain signals. 2．Why did the EPFL team create a VR model? A．To test the newly-invented arm’s actual function. B．To figure out how the robotic arm work. C．To attract more volunteers. D．To cut its production cost. 3．What is Jacob’s attitude to the robotic arm? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Device that Can Really Help Scientists B．The Effect of Robotic Technology on People’s Life C．Tips on How to Use an Extra Arm D．Robotics Gives Us an Extra Arm 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院团队研发的一种新型机械臂，包括其佩戴方式、控制方式、研发过程以及未来的应用前景等。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the past, robotic arms were designed to replace lost arms, with brain signals controlling them. This new device allows users to control an extra arm while still using their real arms. For this reason, the team designed it to be controlled by breathing. (在过去，机械臂的设计用途是替代失去的手臂，其由大脑信号控制。而这款新设备能让使用者在使用自己真实手臂的同时，操控一个额外的机械臂。出于这个原因，研究团队将其设计为可通过呼吸来控制)”可知，EPFL的新型机器人手臂与以往的不同之处在于它通过呼吸控制，而非脑信号。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Before making the actual arm, the EPFL team created a virtual reality (VR) model. Volunteers learned to control this virtual third arm using breath sensors. The tests showed that people could easily look around and talk while using the arm. (在制作实际手臂之前，EPFL团队创建了一个虚拟现实模型。志愿者学会了使用呼吸传感器控制这个虚拟的第三只手臂。测试表明，人们在使用手臂时可以轻松地环顾四周和说话)”可知，EPFL团队创建VR模型的目的是测试新型手臂的实际功能。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段Jacob George的评论“When you’re adding something new on your body, it’s unclear how much the brain can do with that. But in time it becomes possible to control the new arm well. (当你在身体上添加新东西时，尚不清楚大脑能对此做多少。但随着时间的推移，控制新手臂成为可能)”可知，Jacob对机器人手臂的态度是积极的，认为经过训练后可以良好控制。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Have you ever struggled with a task because two arms just weren’t enough? If so, you might like a new device that can really lend a helping hand. (你有没有因为两只胳膊不够用而在完成一项任务时遇到困难？如果有的话，你可能会喜欢一款真正能帮上忙的新设备)”文章开篇引出一种新型机械臂，随后介绍了它的佩戴方式、控制方式、研发过程，以及专家对其的看法和未来应用前景等，核心是围绕这种能给人们提供额外手臂的机器人技术展开，因此D选项“机器人技术给了我们一只额外的手臂”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 （24-25高二下·贵州六盘水·期末）Within the next 3-5 years, advanced humanoid robots will transform elderly care by providing both physical support and emotional companionship. Professor Liu Lizheng of Fudan University emphasizes that robots must achieve high functional intelligence and genuine emotional interaction to make old people feel cared for, not just assisted. The “Guanghua No.1” robot, developed by Liu’s team, has made it. Standing 165cm tall and weighing 62kg, it walks upright and expresses 21 distinct emotions, including joy, anger, and sorrow, through its animated face. This robot’s ability to understand emotions, which is important for building trust, comes from three years of research that combines body movement science, computer technology, and large data systems. It employs a system inspired by the human brain and a reward method similar to how the brain uses dopamine (多巴胺), allowing it to recognize and react to people’s feelings in a human-like way. Physically, the robot prioritizes safety and accuracy. Equipped with intelligent joints and a layered body-brain model, it performs delicate tasks like assisting seniors to rise from bed or move to the bathroom. Unlike household robots, caregiver robots assist fragile users. “If collision risks arise, it must carry out protective actions instantly,” Liu stresses. The robot continuously learns household routines through observation, adapting to individual preferences in cooking, cleaning, or mobility support. Global demand drives this innovation. Countries facing severe aging populations have shown strong interest in Guanghua No.1, which communicates in six languages. China currently leads this field, with multiple teams developing solutions for a shared challenge: sustainable elderly care. Robots like Guanghua No.1 represent more than technology — they offer tireless, personalized care combining physical assistance and emotional warmth. As the world’s population changes, these new technologies may change how we respect older people by giving all-day help without getting tired. 1．How does Guanghua No.1 express its emotions? A．Through animated facial expressions. B．By reacting based on dopamine-like rewards. C．Through upright walking and body gestures. D．By using a system inspired by computer technology. 2．Why does the author mention “household robots” in the passage 3? A．To give an example. B．To make a comparison. C．To introduce a new topic. D．To provide an explanation. 3．What can be inferred from the passage about the future of elderly care? A．Elderly people will no longer need human care. B．Robots will no longer need to learn household routines. C．Elderly people may receive 24-hour care from robots. D．Caregiver robots will fully replace household robots soon. 4．From which section of a magazine is this passage most probably taken? A．Health and Fitness. B．Science and Technology. C．Culture and History. D．Sports and Entertainment. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了复旦大学团队研发的“光华一号”人形机器人可提供养老护理，能表情达意、辅助行动，适应个性化需求，引发了多国的关注。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The “Guanghua No.1” robot, developed by Liu’s team, has made it. Standing 165cm tall and weighing 62kg, it walks upright and expresses 21 distinct emotions, including joy, anger, and sorrow, through its animated face.(由刘的团队研发的“光华一号”机器人成功完成了任务。该机器人身高 165 厘米，体重62公斤，能够直立行走，并通过其生动的表情展现出21种不同的情绪，包括喜悦、愤怒和悲伤等)”可知，光华一号通过生动的表情动作表达其情感。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Equipped with intelligent joints and a layered body-brain model, it performs delicate tasks like assisting seniors to rise from bed or move to the bathroom. Unlike household robots, caregiver robots assist fragile users. “If collision risks arise, it must carry out protective actions instantly,” Liu stresses.(该机器人配备了智能关节和分层的体脑模型，能够执行诸如帮助老年人从床上起身或前往卫生间等精细任务。与家用机器人不同，护理机器人是为脆弱用户服务的。“如果出现碰撞风险，它必须立即采取保护措施，”刘强调道)”可知，作者在第三段中提及“家用机器人”是为了进行比较。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As the world’s population changes, these new technologies may change how we respect older people by giving all-day help without getting tired.(随着全球人口结构的变化，这些新技术可能会改变我们对待老年人的方式，即通过提供全天候的帮助而不感到疲惫的方式来实现)”可知，未来老年人可能会得到机器人提供的24小时护理。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Within the next 3-5 years, advanced humanoid robots will transform elderly care by providing both physical support and emotional companionship. Professor Liu Lizheng of Fudan University emphasizes that robots must achieve high functional intelligence and genuine emotional interaction to make old people feel cared for, not just assisted.(在未来3至5年内，先进的仿人机器人将改变老年人护理的方式，既能提供身体上的支持，又能给予情感上的陪伴。复旦大学的刘立正教授强调，机器人必须具备高度的功能智能和真实的情感互动，才能让老年人感受到关怀，而不仅仅是得到帮助)”以及文章主要介绍了复旦大学团队研发的“光华一号”人形机器人可提供养老护理，能表情达意、辅助行动，适应个性化需求，引发了多国的关注。可知，这段文字最有可能出自《科学与技术》杂志。故选B。 （24-25高二下·河南商丘·期末）A fully soft, 3D-printed robot that operates without any electronics has been developed by engineers at the University of California, San Diego. Led by mechanical engineer Yichen Zhai, the team created an insect-inspired robot with six flexible legs that moves completely using air from a container. Remarkably, the entire robot is printed as one single piece from plastic, a process taking about two and a half days. Unlike conventional robots needing electricity, this innovation relies on air pressure. Because of this design, the robot is waterproof, as demonstrated when it successfully walked through beach shallows during testing. The six-legged design provides excellent stability on rough surfaces. When moving, three legs step while the other three remain grounded, preventing the robot from tipping over easily. Perla Maiolino, a soft robotics expert at the University of Oxford, finds the design “quite interesting”, highlighting its unique single-material, single-piece construction unlike typical multi-part constructed robots. This electronics-free approach holds significant promise for future applications. Such robots could potentially work in dangerous environments where electronics fail or pose risks, such as underwater, in mines, or even in space. They represent a step towards free-standing robots usable in tough conditions without power wires. However, the current model has limitations. Its speed is only about 4 centimeters per second — faster than a snail but slower than a turtle — and it can only operate for 80 seconds on an air container. It also moves only in a straight line and cannot yet turn or avoid barriers. Zhai’s team is actively working on a faster version and aims to develop a turning system, potentially using controlled airflow to move around like a simple self-driving device. While not yet ready for demanding tasks, Zhai emphasizes the robot’s current accessibility. “The robot is like a toy,” be says. Being cheaply and easily 3D printable means “If people love it, they can make it. That’s enough.” 1．What is a key feature of the robot? A．It requires complex tools to build. B．It is printed as a single plastic piece. C．It has electronic sensors for movement. D．It uses multiple materials for flexibility. 2．What is Perla Maiolino’s attitude towards the robot’s design? A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned. C．Critical. D．Positive. 3．What aspect of the robot is expected to be improved in future research? A．Its structural complexity. B．Its ability to avoid barriers. C．Its data processing capacity. D．Its use of electronic parts. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．A 3D-Printed Robot with Four Legs B．The Advantages of Air-Powered Robots C．The Speed and Limitations of a Soft Robot D．An Air-Powered Robot Without Electronics 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了加州大学圣地亚哥分校工程师研发的一款全柔软、3D打印且无需电子设备的机器人。它以空气为动力，整体由塑料一次性打印而成，虽有防水、稳定性好等优势，但也存在速度慢、只能直线移动等局限，团队正致力于改进。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Remarkably, the entire robot is printed as one single piece from plastic, a process taking about two and a half days.(值得注意的是，整个机器人是用塑料一体打印出来的，这个过程大约需要两天半的时间)”可知，这款机器人的一个关键特征是它由塑料一体打印而成。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Perla Maiolino, a soft robotics expert at the University of Oxford, finds the design “quite interesting”, highlighting its unique single-material, single-piece construction unlike typical multi-part constructed robots.(牛津大学的软体机器人专家Perla Maiolino认为这种设计“相当有趣”，并强调了它独特的单一材料、整体构造，这与典型的多部件组装机器人不同)”可推知，Perla Maiolino对这款机器人的设计是持积极态度的。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“It also moves only in a straight line and cannot yet turn or avoid barriers. Zhai’s team is actively working on a faster version and aims to develop a turning system, potentially using controlled airflow to move around like a simple self-driving device.(它也只能直线移动，还不能转弯或避开障碍物。翟的团队正积极研发更快的版本，并计划开发转向系统，有可能利用可控气流使其像简单的自动驾驶设备一样移动)”可知，翟的团队正积极研发更快的版本，并计划开发转向系统，由此推断，未来研究有望改进机器人避开障碍物的能力。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“A fully soft, 3D-printed robot that operates without any electronics has been developed by engineers at the University of California, San Diego. Led by mechanical engineer Yichen Zhai, the team created an insect-inspired robot with six flexible legs that moves completely using air from a container. Remarkably, the entire robot is printed as one single piece from plastic, a process taking about two and a half days.(加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师们研发出了一款全软体、3D打印的机器人，它无需任何电子设备即可运行。在机械工程师翟逸辰的带领下，该团队制造出了一款受昆虫启发的机器人，它拥有六条灵活的腿，完全依靠容器中的空气来移动。值得注意的是，整个机器人是用塑料一体打印出来的，这个过程大约需要两天半的时间)”可知，全文围绕这款无需电子设备、以空气为动力的 3D 打印机器人展开，主要介绍了一种无需电子装置的气压驱动机器人。D项“An Air-Powered Robot Without Electronics(无电子设备的气压驱动机器人)”准确概括文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题，故选D项。 重难语篇提升练 （2025·福建泉州·模拟预测）Flying roast chickens, hot coffee, milk, and bread will drop from the air into Queensland backyards in a world-first drone delivery trial expected to start within weeks. A company called Wing made public its new Australian drone service, extending its reach from an early trial in Canberra, making Australia the first country in the world to use home delivery drones in two areas. James Ryan Burgess, the company’s CEO, said the drone services were likely to extend into more areas in the future, with the country picked as a testbed for drone services worldwide. Wing’s latest drone project will see “tens of drones” deliver goods to houses in Queensland. In its Early Flyer program, people would be able to order a number of goods, with drone delivery offered free and within just minutes of placing an order. Its Canberra record for preparing and delivering a coffee stood at just three minutes. Mr. Burgess said the company chose Queensland’s Logan area because of its growing population and a large number of young families. But he said Wing would take to the skies in other parts of Australia in the future as many Australians wanted to try the technology and safety regulators were open to testing it. “This will be the most modern drone delivery service in Australia but it’s also the best in the world,” he said. “Australia will always have our most modern drone technology, and we will take what we learn in Australia and use it around the world.” Wing delivery drones commonly fly at a height of 60m, Mr. Burgess said, could carry up to 1.5kg of goods, and lower packages to areas in front or backyards. Civil Aviation Safety Authority spokesman Peter Gibson said he hoped the regulator would allow Wing to fly its drones in Logan shortly, as the company had already shown its technology was safe in Canberra trials over the past two years. 1．Why did Wing choose Queensland’s Logan area? A．There are many backyards there. B．People are open to drone delivery. C．An increasing number of young people live there. D．The population of Logan is larger than that of others. 2．What can we infer about drone delivery service? A．It is efficient and safe in Logan. B．The weight of delivered goods is limited. C．Wing has extended the service into many areas. D．It is the most modern drone delivery service in the world. 3．What do Peter Gibson’s words in the last paragraph show? A．His expectation. B．His prediction. C．His Humor. D．His concern. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Early Trial of Drone Delivery B．The Development of Drone Delivery C．Drones are the Future of Food Delivery D．Lunch and Coffee Orders can Fly in the Sky 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Wing公司将在澳大利亚昆士兰州开展全球首个无人机配送试验，配送食品等，此前已在堪培拉试验，澳大利亚成全球首个有两个地区用该服务的国家。 1．细节理解题。根据第五段“Mr. Burgess said the company chose Queensland’s Logan area because of its growing population and a large number of young families.(伯吉斯先生表示，该公司选择昆士兰州的洛根地区是因为该地区人口持续增长，且有大量年轻家庭)”可知，温选择昆士兰州的洛根地区是因为那里居住着越来越多的年轻人。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Wing delivery drones commonly fly at a height of 60m, Mr. Burgess said, could carry up to 1.5kg of goods, and lower packages to areas in front or backyards.(伯吉斯先生表示，翼式送货无人机通常飞行高度为60米，能够携带最多1.5千克的货物，并将包裹投放到房屋前或后院等区域)”可知，无人机送货服务中所送货物的重量有限制。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Civil Aviation Safety Authority spokesman Peter Gibson said he hoped the regulator would allow Wing to fly its drones in Logan shortly, as the company had already shown its technology was safe in Canberra trials over the past two years.(民航安全管理局发言人彼得·吉布森表示，他希望监管机构能允许Wing公司近期在洛根试飞其无人机，因为该公司在过去两年的堪培拉试验中已经证明其技术是安全可靠的)”可知，彼得·吉布森在最后一段中的言论表明了他的期望。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Flying roast chickens, hot coffee, milk, and bread will drop from the air into Queensland backyards in a world-first drone delivery trial expected to start within weeks.(在未来几周内即将开展的一项全球首创的无人机送货试验中，烤鸡、热咖啡、牛奶和面包将从空中降落在昆士兰州的居民后院)”结合文章主要说明了Wing公司将在澳大利亚昆士兰州开展全球首个无人机配送试验，配送食品等，可知D选项“午餐和咖啡订单能够‘飞’上天空”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （2025·江西新余·模拟预测）Scientists from UNSW Sydney have developed a groundbreaking method to tackle the common problem of “forever chemicals” in water. These chemicals, known scientifically as polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are difficult to break down, causing significant environmental and health risks. The new method involves a novel catalyst (催化剂) system that promises a more efficient and sustainable solution, for breaking down these compounds. PFAS are widely used in various industries due to their resistance to heat, water, and oil. They’re found in products such as cookware, food packaging and clothing. Their widespread use has led to global pollution of water sources and soil. A study has shown that almost half of America tap water is polluted with alarming levels of PFAS, raising concerns about their environmental and health impacts. PFAS are called “forever chemicals” because their stable chemical structure makes them resistant to degradation. That means they persist in the environment and accumulate in the human body, potentially leading to harmful health outcomes. Current methods to remove PFAS from water such as activated carbon absorption have significant deficiencies. Activated carbon can absorb PFAS but requires burning to destroy the chemicals, which is environmentally harmful. Oxidizing agents can break down PFAS into smaller, more persistent structures, complicating the removal process. These methods are inefficient and not environmentally friendly, highlighting the need for better solutions. The catalyst system developed by Dr. Jun Sun can break the strong carbon-fluoride (强碳氟键) bonds in PFAS, using nano zero-valent metals (纳米零价金属) combined with a catalyst inspired by the structure of vitamin B12. The system was tested on common PFAS compounds like branched PFOS, showing impressive results. Dr. Sun explained, “The new system we’ve developed shows successful PFAS measures to solve water pollution in the lab, which we hope to eventually test at larger scales.” Within five hours, the new method achieved a 7% breakdown of PFAS, significantly outperforming existing B12-based catalysts, which managed less than 8% breakdown in the same period. While further research is needed before the method can be applied on a large scale, the team is optimistic. They plan to conduct more tests and explore integrating the catalyst into electro-chemical cells for broader application. 1．What do we know about PFAS? A．They are common chemicals. B．They are harmless compounds. C．They are widely used in agriculture. D．They damage the earth in many aspects. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “deficiencies” in Paragraph 3? A．Strength. B．Shortcoming. C．Difference. D．Diversity. 3．What is the team’s plan for the future of the new method? A．To find other substitutes of PFAS. B．To apply it on a large scale immediately. C．To test it more before putting it to use widely. D．To develop new chemicals having similar features. 4．What is the main point of the passage? A．“ Forever chemicals” in water can be broken down. B．A catalyst system is saving human from disasters. C．Polluted water will be safe to drink in the future. D．PFAS can be used in more industries in future. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【原文】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新南威尔士大学悉尼分校的科学家开发出一种突破性方法来处理水中 “永久性化学物质”—— 全氟烷基物质（PFAS）。文章阐述了 PFAS 的广泛使用导致环境污染及对健康的潜在危害，现有处理方法的不足，以及新催化系统分解 PFAS 的原理、效果和未来计划。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Their widespread use has led to global pollution of water sources and soil. A study has shown that almost half of America tap water is polluted with alarming levels of PFAS, raising concerns about their environmental and health impacts. PFAS are called “forever chemicals” because their stable chemical structure makes them resistant to degradation. That means they persist in the environment and accumulate in the human body, potentially leading to harmful health outcomes.(它们的广泛使用已导致全球水源和土壤受到污染。一项研究表明，近半数美国自来水受到了令人担忧的全氟烷基物质（PFAS）污染，这引发了人们对其环境影响和健康危害的担忧。PFAS 之所以被称为 “永久性化学物质”，是因为其稳定的化学结构使其难以降解。这意味着它们会在环境中持续存在，并在人体内积累，有可能对健康造成不良后果)” 可知，PFAS 在很多方面对地球造成损害。故选D。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Activated carbon can absorb PFAS but requires burning to destroy the chemicals, which is environmentally harmful. Oxidizing agents can break down PFAS into smaller, more persistent structures, complicating the removal process. These methods are inefficient and not environmentally friendly, highlighting the need for better solutions.(活性炭可以吸收 PFAS，但需要燃烧来破坏这些化学物质，这对环境有害。氧化剂可以将 PFAS 分解成更小、更持久的结构，使去除过程变得复杂。这些方法效率低下且不环保，凸显了对更好解决方案的需求)”可知，此处说的是当前去除 PFAS 方法的不足。所以划线词的意思为“缺点”与shortcoming同义。故选B。 1．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While further research is needed before the method can be applied on a large scale, the team is optimistic. They plan to conduct more tests and explore integrating the catalyst into electro-chemical cells for broader application.(虽然在大规模应用该方法之前还需要进一步研究，但该团队持乐观态度。他们计划进行更多测试，并探索将该催化剂整合到电化学电池中以实现更广泛的应用)”可知，团队未来计划在广泛使用该新方法之前进行更多测试。故选C。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Scientists from UNSW Sydney have developed a groundbreaking method to tackle the common problem of “forever chemicals” in water. These chemicals, known scientifically as polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are difficult to break down, causing significant environmental and health risks. The new method involves a novel catalyst (催化剂) system that promises a more efficient and sustainable solution, for breaking down these compounds.(悉尼新南威尔士大学的科学家们研发出一种突破性方法，用于解决水中“永久化学品”这一常见问题。这些被科学称为全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的化学品难以分解，会造成重大的环境和健康风险。这种新方法采用了一种新型催化剂体系，有望为分解这些化合物提供更高效、更可持续的解决方案)”可知，文章主要介绍了新南威尔士大学悉尼分校的科学家开发出一种突破性方法来处理水中 “永久性化学物质”—— 全氟烷基物质（PFAS）。文章阐述了 PFAS 的广泛使用导致环境污染及对健康的潜在危害，现有处理方法的不足，以及新催化系统分解 PFAS 的原理、效果和未来计划。所以短文主要关于水中的 “永久性化学物质” 是可以被分解的。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$