Unit 2 The universal language （知识清单）英语译林版2020选择必修第一册

Unit 2 The universal language 单词 1. ________ adj. 奥地利的，奥地利人的 2. ________ vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→________ n. 作曲家，作曲者 3. ________ n. 交响乐，交响曲 4. ________ n. 协奏曲 5. ________ adj. 波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的 6. ________ vt. 值得，应得 7. ________ adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的 8. ________ vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 9. ________ adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 10. ________ vi. & vt.(wept, wept) 哭泣，流泪 11. ________ vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜 12. ________ n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 13. ________ n. 坟墓；死亡，去世 adj. 严重的；严肃的 14. ________ vi. & vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→________ n. 转化；转换；变形 15. ________ adv. 永远；长久地；老是 16. ________ vt. & vi.(使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并→________ n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合 17. ________ n. (the blues) 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤 18. ________ adj. 民间的，民俗的 n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 19. ________ n. 曲调，曲子 vt. 调音；调频道；调整 20. ________ n. 歌词；抒情诗 adj. 抒情的；吟唱的 21. ________ adj. 乡村的，农村的 22. ________ n. 周围，环境→________ adj. 周围的→________ v. 围绕 22. ________ n. 极乐之地 23. ________ n. 微风，和风 24. ________ vt. 保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 25. ________ n. 爵士乐 26. ________ n. 拱门；拱 27. ________ n. 改编本，改写本；适应→________ vt. 使适应；改编 vi. 适应→________ adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的 28. ________ adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者 29. ________ n. 武装入侵的军队(或国家)，侵略者 30. ________ vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解→________ n. 防御；防卫；保护 31. ________ n. 独奏，独唱adj. 独自的；独唱的，独奏的 32. ________ vi. 流，流动；充满；涨起n. 流，流动；连贯；涨潮 33. ________ n. (pl. spacecraft) 航天(飞行)器，宇宙飞船 34. ________ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 35. ________ vt. 问候，欢迎，招呼→________ n. 问候，招呼；(pl.)祝词；贺词 36. ________ adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→________ v. 对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n. 套装，西装 37. ________ n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 38. ________ adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→________ n. 距离；远方 39. ________ n. 音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额 40. ________ vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视 n. 盯，凝视，注视 41. ________ n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量；迹象→________ vi. 呼吸 42. ________ adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的 43. ________ vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧 44. ________ vt. & vi.(swept, swept)席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n. 打扫，清扫 45. ________ adj. 复杂的，难懂的 46. ________ n.(乡间)小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线 47. ________ vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏→________ n. 陪伴 48. ________ n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→________ vt. 预期；预料；期待；指望 vi. 认为；料想 49. ________ adj. 热情的，热心的→________ n. 热心，热忱，热情 50. ________ vi. & vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流， 流动n. 小溪；(人)流，(车)流 51. ________ n. (pl. handkerchiefs or handkerchieves)手帕;纸巾 52. ________ adj. 大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 53. ________ adj. 有才华的，有天赋的→________ n. 礼物；天赋；赠品、 54. ________ n. 名誉，名声 55. ________ adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的 56. ________ n. 预言，预测→________ v. 预言，预知；断言 57. ________ adj. 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的 58. ________ vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→________ adj. 沮丧的；萧条的→________ n. 抑郁(症)；消沉；萧条(期) 59. ________ adj. 难过的，失望的 vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 60. ________ vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制→________ n. 拥有；(pl.)财产；财物 61. ________ vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 62. ________ n. 管弦乐队 63. ________ adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 64. ________ adj. 令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 65. ________ n. 容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi. & vt. (使)宽慰，减轻 66. ________ n. 天赋，天资；天才 67. ________ n. 变奏，变奏曲；变化， 变更；变体，变种 68. ________ n. 合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 69. ________ adj. 宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的 70. ________ n. 末乐章，终场，结局；结尾 71. ________ n. 节奏，韵律，律动；规律 短语 1. ________________使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 2. ________________依赖，依靠；信任 3. ________________奉送，额外赠送 4. ________________作为额外增添 5. ________________由……组成(或构成) 6. ________________开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 7. ________________突然，猛地 8. ________________深受欢迎 9. ________________能够做某事；有能力做某事 10. ________________不断涌进；源源不断地流入 11. ________________突然开始(做某事)；闯入；破门而入 熟词生义 1. What upsets the young people is the dramatic increase of the house prices. ________ 2.They watched dramatic pictures of the police raid(突击搜捕) on TV. ________ 3. Don’t be so dramatic! We should be modest and honest. ________ 4. I show my admiration for my cousin who is a brilliant young scientist. ________ 5. All the audience agreed that the play was a brilliant success. ________ 6.When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea, she said, “What a brilliant idea！” ________ 7. Cycling along the small path, and bathed in the brilliant sunshine, the boy felt at ease. ________ 8. They offered a two-year guarantee on all their electrical goods, which surprised many customers. ________ 9. It is annoying that my best friend took a distant attitude towards me a few days ago. ________ 10. Several factors combined to depress the housing market. ________ 句型 1. as if 引导状语从句 When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, ________________________________. 当梁山伯和祝英台这对相爱的人见面时, 音乐轻松悦耳, 仿佛在向观众耳语。 2.形容词短语作状语\ ________________, Liang falls sick and dies.梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。 3. It turns/turned out that. . . ________________ country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. 原来 乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部这里流行起来然后传遍全国。 4.see＋宾语＋宾补 Before him, he ________________________________ their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork.他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着他们对这部杰作的赞赏。 5.by the time引导时间状语从句 ________________________________ a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 6.so...that... He was ________________, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret. 他痛苦不堪，以至于起初只想尽量隐瞒。 7. it作形式主语 Although Beethoven was able to continue composing music, ________________________________. 尽管贝多芬还可以继续作曲, 但公开演出对于他而言越来越艰难了。 8. when 引导省略句 ________________________________, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes. 在钢琴上作曲时, 他将铅笔的一端含在嘴里, 另一端顶住钢琴, 这样就能感受到音符。 语法 1.动词-ing形式作主语 2. 动词-ing形式作宾语 一、词汇清单 知识点1 compose vt. & vi. 作曲; 组成; 撰写; 使镇静 【教材原句】Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. 昨晚, 我看了何占豪和陈钢创作的动人的小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》的演出。(教材p16) 【拓展】 (1)be composed of　由……构成; 由……组成 be composed by 由……创作 compose oneself 使某人镇静 (2)composer n. 作曲家 (3)composition n. 成分, 作品; 作曲; 作文 【巧学助记】表示“由……组成”的短语 be composed of, be made up of, consist of, be comprised of 【写作佳句】Our class is composed of 20 boys and 15 girls. 我们班由20个男生和15个女生组成。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. As a ________(compose), he proved himself to be expert at large dramatic forms. 2. Mozart’s ________(compose) are undoubtedly among the world’s greatest. 完成句子 3. 她的声音嘶哑了, 但随着谈话继续进行, 她设法使自己镇静下来。 Her voice cracked but she managed to ________________ as the conversation continued.   知识点2 deserve vt. 值得, 应得 【教材原句】It's a piece that really deserves to be heard.这首乐曲真的值得一听。(教材p16) 【拓展】 deserve to do sth. 　应该做某事; 值得做某事 deserve to be done=deserve doing……值得被做 deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意 【名师点津】deserve to be done与deserve doing的意义相同, 即可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义, 类似的词还有need, require等。 【写作佳句】She is widely acknowledged to be the most responsible and considerate teacher in our school, so she deserves respect/to be respected/respecting. 她被公认为是我们学校最负责任、最体贴的老师，所以她值得尊敬。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. These people ________ more than the minimum wage.   这些人应该得到比最低工资更多的报酬。 一句多译 2.我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。 →I think any good suggestion ________________.   →I think any good suggestion ________________.   →I think any good suggestion ________________.   知识点3 whisper vi. & vt. 低语，耳语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 【教材原句】When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. 梁山伯和祝英台初次见面时，音乐轻快悦耳，仿佛在向观众耳语。(教材p16) 【拓展】 whisper in one's ear在某人耳边低语 whisper to sb.that...对某人耳语…… It's whispered that...有人私下说…… 【写作佳句】He whispered to me that he was afraid of the dog.  他低声对我说他害怕那只狗。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. ________ is whispered that he has saved enough money to buy an apartment for his son. 2. He told me the news ________ a whisper for fear that others could hear it. 完成句子 3. 有人私下说他要出国留学。 ________________ he'll study abroad. 知识点4 rely on依赖，依靠；信任，信赖(＝depend on) 【教材原句】My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. 我的寄宿家庭是乡村音乐的超级粉丝，所以我总是可以依靠他们介绍一些好歌曲给我听。(教材p17) 【拓展】 rely on sb./sth./doing/to do sth.指望某人/某物做某事 rely on it that...依靠/信赖/指望…… 【写作佳句】John is very reliable—if he promises to do something, he will do it, so you can rely on him to help you when you are in trouble. 约翰非常可靠——如果他承诺要做些什么，他就会去做，这样当你遇到麻烦时，你就可以依靠他来帮助你。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. You may rely on ________ that the work will be finished ahead of time. 2. Many people now would rely on ________(surf) the Internet rather than read newspaper for news. 3. Nowadays parents have done everything for their single children, which makes the children rely ________ their parents badly. 句型转换 4. We rely on his finishing the work today. →We rely on ________________ the work today. →We rely on ________________ the work today. 知识点5 surroundings n. 周围，环境 【教材原句】The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings. 简单的曲调和优美的自然意象常常让人联想到乡村的环境。(教材p17) 【拓展】 (1)surrounding adj. 附近的，周围的 (2)surround vt. 围绕；包围 surround... with... 用……包围…… be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕 surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍 【写作佳句】Surrounded by green trees, the farm is situated at the foot of the hill near our school. 绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. ________(surround) by many strangers, she looked shy and embarrassed. 2. Determining where we are according to our ________(surrounding) remains an essential skill for our survival. 完成句子 3. 和那些能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是非常重要的。 It's extremely important to ________________ who will provide you with the proper emotional support. 知识点6 guarantee vt. 保证；担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单；抵押品 【教材原句】I guarantee you'll enjoy it! 我保证你会喜欢的！(教材p17) 【拓展】 (1)guarantee be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事 (2)under guarantee在保修期内 give sb. a guarantee(that...) 向某人保证(……) a guarantee of……的保证 [名师点津]guarantee如果用于表示“保证某人做……”，不能用guarantee sb. to do...，只能用guarantee to do ...或guarantee that... 【写作佳句】Perseverance and diligence will guarantee that you will become good at whatever you do. 毅力和勤奋将保证你无论做什么都会做得很好。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I guarantee ________(finish) off my paper on time, no matter what happens. 2. This kind of behaviour is guaranteed ________(make) him angry. 3. The car is still ________ guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. 句型转换 4. We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week. →________________________________.(guarantee v. ) →________________________________.(guarantee n. ) 知识点7 adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应 【教材原句】The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghai's Yellow River Cantata. 这首乐曲是冼星海的《黄河大合唱》的改编本。(教材p19) 【拓展】 (1)adapt vt. 使适应；改编 vi.适应 adapt(oneself) to 使……适应于……，适应(to是介词) adapt sth.for sth. 改编……为…… adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物 be adapted from由……而改编 (2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的 [名师点津]adapt的形近词为adopt, 其意为“采纳，采用，收养”。 【写作佳句】The movie is adapted from a real story.  这部电影改编自一个真实的故事。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself ________ new manners and customs. 2. The film was adapted ________ one of Tom's novels. 3. I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very ________(adapt). 完成句子 4. 编剧帮助他将其所著小说改编成电影。 The scriptwriter helped him to ________ his novel ________ the screen. 知识点8 defend vi. & vt. 保护, 防御; 辩白, 辩解 【教材原句】The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”, “Ode to the Yellow River”, “The Yellow River in Anger”, and “Defend the Yellow River”. 《黄河船夫之歌》、《黄河颂》、《愤怒的黄河》、《保卫黄河》。(教材p19) 【拓展】 (1)defend. . . from/against 保护……以免受 defend oneself 为自己辩护; 自卫 (2)defence n. 防御; 保卫 in defence of 为了保卫…… 【写作佳句】The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence of their country这座纪念碑是为了纪念为保卫国家而牺牲的士兵。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. She picked up a stick from the ground to defend ________(her) against the robber. 2. I have to say in her ________(defend) that she knew nothing about it before. 完成句子 3.中国人民解放军有能力保卫祖国的领土不受侵犯。 The Chinese People’s Liberation Army is capable of ________ the territory of our motherland ________ being invaded. 知识点9 greet vt. 问候, 欢迎, 招呼 【教材原句】The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space if any. 这种音乐的目的是作为一种通用语言来问候太空中的智慧生命。(教材p21) 【拓展】 (1)greet sb.(with. . . ) (用……)和某人打招呼(或问好); 欢迎; 迎接 greet sth. with sth. 对某事做出某种反应 be greeted with 受到……的对待、接待 be greeted by 被……迎接; 受……欢迎; ……映入眼帘 (2)greeting n. 问候, 欢迎, 招呼 exchange greetings 互致问候 【写作佳句】Although she was still weak after her illness, she greeted all the guests warmly. 尽管她病后仍然很虚弱，但她热情地迎接了所有的客人。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. They exchanged ________(greet) and sat down to lunch. 2. I will greet this day ________ love in my heart. 完成句子 3. 这个提议很有可能在小区居民中得到热烈响应。 It is very likely that the suggestion ________________ among the residents in the neighbourhood. 知识点10 suitable adj. 合适的, 适宜的, 适当的, 适用的 【教材原句】A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。(教材p21) 【拓展】 (1)be suitable for. . . 　适合…… be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 (2)suit vt. 对……合适; 合身vi. 合适, 相称n. 一套衣服, 套装 suit sth. to sb. /sth. 使某事适合于某人/物 (3)suited adj. 合适的; 般配的 be suited to. . . 适合于…… 【写作佳句】It is suitable to carry some fruit when you go to your Chinese friend’s home for dinner. 当你去中国朋友家吃饭时, 带着些水果是合适的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I don’t have anything ________(suit) to wear for the party. 2. This diet is suited ________ anyone who wants to lose weight fast. 完成句子 3. 我不知道我是否适合这份工作。 I don’t know whether I ________________ the job or not.   知识点11 consist of 由……组成(或构成) 【教材原句】It consists of four movements.它由四个乐章组成。(教材p19) 【拓展】 (1)consist of=be made up of=be composed of　　由……组成 (2)consist in= lie in 存在于……; 在于…… consist with 一致; 符合 (3)consistent adj. 相容的; 一致的 be consistent with 和……一致/相符 [名师点津]　consist of与consist in不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。consist of可以与be made up of互换。 【写作佳句】Each group consists of/is made up of/is comprised of eight students in this activity. 在这次活动中，每个小组由8名学生组成。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Our greatest happiness consists ________ serving the people. 2. Great Britain consists ________ three main parts—England, Scotland, and Wales. 3. The results are entirely ________(consist) with our earlier research. 一句多译 4. 这个电影由两部分组成, 它介绍了我们学校的现状。 →The film, ________________________ two parts, introduces the present situation of our school.   →The film, which ________________________ two parts, introduces the present situation of our school.   知识点12 get down to(doing) sth. 开始做某事, 开始认真注意(或对待)某事 【教材原句】A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。(教材p21) 【拓展】 get accustomed /used to　习惯于…… get along with 与……相处 get rid of 除去, 去掉 get ready for 为……做好准备 get out of 由……出来, 从……得出 get away with 侥幸成功, 侥幸逃脱 get in 进入; 收获 get over 克服; 恢复 【名师点津】get down to中的to是介词, 后面一般跟名词或动词-ing形式。 【写作佳句】She had compiled pages of notes, but she had not yet gotten down to doing the actual writing. 她已编写了多页笔记, 但她还没有开始实际的写作。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The old man has got accustomed to ________(live) in the city. 2. How are you getting along ________ your work recently? 3. If we get ________ the present difficulties, then everything should be all right. 4. Try your best to get rid ________ your bad habits and you’ll benefit a lot from it. 5. 他们已准备好盛宴来迎接贵宾。 They have ________________ the feast to greet the distinguished guests.   知识点13 remarkable adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的 【教材原句】Symphony No.9 was Beethoven's last major piece of music in a vast body of works written throughout his remarkable life.《第九交响曲》是贝多芬一生中创作的大量作品中最后一部主要作品。(教材p25) 【拓展】 (1)be remarkable for＝be known/famous for因……而著名 (2)remark vt. & vi. 说起，谈到；谈论，评论；察觉 n. 谈论，评论 remark that... 评论…… remark on/upon sth./sb. 就某事/某人发表评论 (3)make a remark on/about就……发表意见；对……品头论足 【写作佳句】The painting will be a lasting memorial to a remarkable woman. 这幅画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. They are remarking ________ the prosperous look of the countryside. 2. She saw a slow but ________(remark) improvement in her classroom performance last year. 3. The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by avoiding making critical ________(remark). 同义句转换 4. It's bad manners to remark on the appearance of others. →It's bad manners to ________________ the appearance of others. 5. As we all know, China is famous for its long history. →As we all know, China ________________ its long history. 知识点14 upset adj. 难过的，失望的 vt. 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 【教材原句】He was so upset that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret. 一开始，他很难过，他想保密。(教材p25) 【拓展】 (1)be upset about/by/at sth. 为某事烦心 be upset that... 苦恼于…… (2)It upset(s) sb.that.../to do sth. 让某人不安的是……/做……让某人不安 【注意】upset只作表语，不作定语。 【写作佳句】Although we had made full preparations, Susan’s arrival still upset our plan. 尽管我们做了充分的准备, Susan的到来还是打乱了我们的计划。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The relatives were upset ________(hear) that the new couple would be apart for no reason. ②Jenny was upset ________ her friend had left without leaving a word. ③You will return to your country soon and that makes me upset. →I am upset ________________________.(用that宾语从句改写) →________________________ you will return to your country soon.(用what主语从句改写) →________________________ you will return to your country soon.(用it作形式主语改写) 知识点15 possess vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制 【教材原句】...a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection... ……这是我曾经拥有的最完美的感觉……(教材p26) 【拓展】 (1)take possession of 拥有 in possession of 拥有；占有 in the possession of/in one's possession由……拥有 (2)possess v. 拥有；具有；支配 注意(1)possess表示“拥有；具有”时，不用于进行时。 (2)possession常用复数形式表示“财产；所有物”。 (3)in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人；in the possession of表示被动，其主语通常是物。 【写作佳句】Many people hope to possess great wealth, but as a matter of fact, it is health that really counts. 许多人都希望拥有巨大的财富，但事实上，健康才是真正重要的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We can't take ________(possess) of the house until all the papers have been signed. 2. He is possessed ________ the garage. 完成句子 3. Those buildings are now in the possession of our school. →Our school is now ________________ those buildings. 知识点16 abandon vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 n. 放纵，任性 【教材原句】Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope. 然而，即使在他最黑暗的时刻，贝多芬也从未放弃希望。(教材p26) 【拓展】 (1)abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to 纵情于；沉溺于 (2)abandon n. 尽情；放纵 with abandon 放任地；放纵地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的，抛弃的；自我放任的 【写作佳句】We sang, danced, and laughed with abandon, forgetting the troubles in our lives. 我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Many young people decided to abandon ________(buy) houses in big cities because of the high price. 2. They saw the ________(abandon) vehicle and knew he had managed to flee on foot. 3. They danced wildly down the street, abandoning ________(them) to the night and the moon. 句式升级 4. I abandoned myself to computer games. I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents. →________________________, I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) →________________________, I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) 二、语法清单 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能: 1. Playing the qin was his life.(主语) 2. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.(宾语) 3. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.(宾语) 4. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.(宾语) 5. Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.(主语) 6. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.(宾语) 【精讲·语法知识】 一. 动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。 Playing cellphone games is his favourite. 玩手机游戏是他的最爱。 Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed. 当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。 (2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste(of...)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中。 It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person. 想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。 It is no pleasure being blamed in the face of other students. 当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。 【经典练】　 一、单句语法填空 1. Psychology research suggests ________(wait) for things actually makes us happier in the long run. 2. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then ________(buy) smaller quantities is easier. 3. ________(spend) time together in the garden can be a great way to exercise and have fun with your pet. 4. ________(decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets adds a vivid and warm touch to the Spring Festival atmosphere. 5. Studying hard ________(be) not always fun, but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. 二、完成句子 6. What matters most is to keep a positive attitude.(改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 7. How we should deal with the pollution problem is a serious question.(改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 8. It is a really big challenge to go from junior school to senior school.(改为v-ing作主语) ________________ to senior school is a really big challenge. 9. Find out why you made the mistakes. This will help you avoid the same mistakes and enable you to write better.(用动名词短语作主语合并) ________________________________________________________________ 10. It is extremely critical to develop a good habit of reading.(改为动名词做主语) ________________________________________________________________ 二. 动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动词-ing形式可以作介词的宾语 I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。 注意：以下短语中to 都是介词 be used to doing习惯于　object to 反对　devote oneself to 致力于　stick to坚持　 pay attention to注意　look forward to期盼　adapt to适应　adjust to 使适应于　owe...to归咎于　be addicted to对……上瘾 (2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有： mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tolerate)(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认) The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。 【经典练】　 一、单句语法填空 1. Some people oppose ________(use) DNA detectives to identify criminals or relationships between people. 2. I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means ________(step) out of my comfort zone. 3. Over the last two years, some supermarkets started ________(sell) chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份). 4. There was a delay of two hours before the plane took off. Therefore, we had to delay ________(hold) the meeting until three o’clock in the afternoon. After that, the plan would be carried out ________ delay. If not, we might be unable to finish the task in time. 5. The ordinary man made a ________(contribute) to charity, which contributed to some poor children  ________(attend) school. 二、完成句子 6. He began to seize the chance to improve his new bicycle.(用词组set about 升级句中的 began to) He ________________________ his new bicycle. 7. Lucas still attended the lecture though he was ill.(同义句转换) Lucas still attended the lecture ________ ________ ________. 8. We all envy your good health. →We all envy ________________________. →We all envy you ________________________. →Your good health ________________________ all. 9. The experienced worker assisted us to establish a company at the foot of the hill. →The experienced worker ________ us in ________ a company at the foot of the hill.(同义句转换) 10. As soon as he heard the bad news that he failed in the exam, he burst out crying.(句型转换) →①________________________ he failed in the exam, he burst out crying.(on/ upon doing) →②________________________ that he failed in the exam, he burst out crying.(时间状语从句) 特别注意： 1. 动词-ing形式和不定式作主语的常见用法 非谓语动词中，动词-ing形式和不定式都可以作主语，也都可以借助it把动词-ing形式和不定式移到句子后面。一般来说，动词-ing形式作主语，表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为；不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。 2. 通常只用动词-ing形式作主语的六种情况： (1)含形容词的句子: It is/foolish/wonderful/useless/hopeless doing句型中 (2)含名词的句子: It is no fun/pleasure/relief/mistake/pain/use/good句型中 (3)There is no(use/help/need) doing sth.句型 (4)在疑问句中 (5)在某些动词的被动式前 (6)在No smoking！之类的布告语中 3. 通常只用不定式作主语的五种情况： (1) It is necessary/important/impossible/difficult...(for sb.) to do sth.句型 (2)It is kind/foolish/clever/stupid/nice/rude/careless/friendly...(of sb.) to do sth.句型，形容词常修饰人的特征 (3)It takes/costs/requires sb./sth.to do sth.句型 (4)不定式和when/where/how/what/whether等连用，在句子中作主语 (5)主语被否定时 三、写作清单 介绍喜欢的歌手或乐队 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是介绍喜欢的歌手或乐队。介绍喜欢的歌手或乐队属于事物介绍类的文章。它常涉及人物的出生、家庭背景、教育、生平经历、成就和评价等。叙事时, 要写清事情发生与发展的过程以及事情发生的前因后果等。其写作结构如下： 1. 首先，提供你最喜欢的歌手或乐队的基本信息； 2. 其次，介绍歌手或乐队音乐的特点和影响，同时解释你为什么喜欢这个歌手或乐队； 3. 最后，描述歌手或乐队带给你的难忘回忆。 【积累·写作素材】 1. The band is made up of..., one... and the rest... 2. What we are also fond of is... 3. I'm glad to tell you that...; my favorite..., ... 4. Born in..., on..., ...is a famous singer... 5. She/He was recognized as one of the most influential... 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，你和同学组建了一个名为“Starry Skies”的乐队。你的美国留学生朋友Mike擅长吉他演奏，请你给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他加入乐队。内容要点如下： 1. 写信目的； 2. 乐队介绍； 3. 排练时间和地点。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Mike, How are you doing? _______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 应用文-介绍喜欢的歌手或乐队 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：引入话题, 说明写作目的 第二段：介绍并且说明原因。 第三段：期待对方的答复. 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1.由……所组成________________ 2.喜爱，渴望________________ 3.一个狂热的音乐爱好者________________ 4.有过美妙的音乐体验________________ 5.在我们学校的音乐厅集合 ________________ 句子翻译 1.最近，我和我的同学组织了一支乐队。 ________________________________________________________________ 2.它叫“星空”。 ________________________________________________________________ 3.我们乐队是由一群年轻人组成的。 ________________________________________________________________ 4.他们热衷于流行音乐，并寻求一起练习和表演。 ________________________________________________________________ 5.我们每个星期六下午3点到5点在学校音乐厅集合练习。 ________________________________________________________________ 6.你和我们一样是一个狂热的音乐爱好者。 ________________________________________________________________ 7.你吉他弹得很好。 ________________________________________________________________ 8.我们非常希望你能成为我们的吉他手。 ________________________________________________________________ 9.我们在一起一定会有一些美妙的音乐体验。 ________________________________________________________________ 10.如果你有兴趣，请随时联系我。 ________________________________________________________________ 第三步：词句升级 11.用非谓语结构升级并合并句1和句2。 ________________________________________________________________ 12.用定语从句连接句3和句4。 ________________________________________________________________ 13.把句⑥和句7置于I know后作为并列宾语。 ________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 / 18 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 The universal language 单词 1. Austrian adj. 奥地利的，奥地利人的 2. compose vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→composer n. 作曲家，作曲者 3. symphony n. 交响乐，交响曲 4. concerto n. 协奏曲 5. Polish adj. 波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的 6. deserve vt. 值得，应得 7. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的 8. whisper vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 9. dramatic adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 10. weep vi. & vt. (wept, wept) 哭泣，流泪 11. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜 12. sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 13. grave n. 坟墓；死亡，去世 adj. 严重的；严肃的 14. transform vi. & vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformation n. 转化；转换；变形 15. forever adv. 永远；长久地；老是 16. combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并→combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合 17. blues n. (the blues) 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤 18. folk adj. 民间的，民俗的 n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 19. tune n. 曲调，曲子 vt. 调音；调频道；调整 20. lyric n. 歌词；抒情诗 adj. 抒情的；吟唱的 21. rural adj. 乡村的，农村的 22. surroundings n. 周围，环境→surrounding adj. 周围的→surround v. 围绕 22. heaven n. 极乐之地 23. breeze n. 微风，和风 24. guarantee vt. 保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 25. jazz n. 爵士乐 26. arch n. 拱门；拱 27. adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应→adapt vt. 使适应；改编 vi. 适应→adaptable adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的 28. communist adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者 29. invader n. 武装入侵的军队(或国家)，侵略者 30. defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解→defense n. 防御；防卫；保护 31. solo n. 独奏，独唱adj. 独自的；独唱的，独奏的 32. flow vi. 流，流动；充满；涨起n. 流，流动；连贯；涨潮 33. spacecraft n. (pl. spacecraft) 航天(飞行)器，宇宙飞船 34. solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 35. greet vt. 问候，欢迎，招呼→greeting n. 问候，招呼；(pl.)祝词；贺词 36. suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suit v. 对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n. 套装，西装 37. recording n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 38. distant adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n. 距离；远方 39. volume n. 音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额 40. stare vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视 n. 盯，凝视，注视 41. breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量；迹象→breathe vi. 呼吸 42. unusual adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的 43. grab vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧 44. sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n. 打扫，清扫 45. complicated adj. 复杂的，难懂的 46. lane n. (乡间)小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线 47. accompany vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏→company n. 陪伴 48. expectation n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→expect vt. 预期；预料；期待；指望 vi. 认为；料想 49. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的→enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情 50. stream vi. ＆ vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流， 流动n. 小溪；(人)流，(车)流 51. handkerchief n.(pl. handkerchiefs or handkerchieves)手帕;纸巾 52. vast adj. 大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 53. gifted adj. 有才华的，有天赋的→gift n. 礼物；天赋；赠品、 54. reputation n. 名誉，名声 55. brilliant adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的 56. prediction n. 预言，预测→predict v. 预言，预知；断言 57. extraordinary adj. 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的 58. depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→depressed adj. 沮丧的；萧条的→depression n. 抑郁(症)；消沉；萧条(期) 59. upset adj. 难过的，失望的 vt.(upset, upset)使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 60. possess vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制→possession n. 拥有；(pl.)财产；财物 61. abandon vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 62. orchestra n. 管弦乐队 63. desperate adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 64. uplifting adj. 令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 65. ease n. 容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi. & vt.(使)宽慰，减轻 66. genius n. 天赋，天资；天才 67. variation n. 变奏，变奏曲；变化， 变更；变体，变种 68. chorus n. 合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 69. grand adj. 宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的 70. finale n. 末乐章，终场，结局；结尾 71. rhythm n. 节奏，韵律，律动；规律 短语 1. tear apart使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 2. rely on依赖，依靠；信任 3. throw in奉送，额外赠送 4. for good measure作为额外增添 5. consist of由……组成(或构成) 6. get down to(doing) sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 7. all of a sudden突然，猛地 8. be well received深受欢迎 9. be capable of doing sth 能够做某事；有能力做某事 10. stream into不断涌进；源源不断地流入 11. break into突然开始(做某事)；闯入；破门而入 熟词生义 1. What upsets the young people is the dramatic increase of the house prices. 突然的 2.They watched dramatic pictures of the police raid(突击搜捕) on TV. 激动人心的，引人注目的 3. Don’t be so dramatic! We should be modest and honest. 戏剧性的，夸张的 4. I show my admiration for my cousin who is a brilliant young scientist. 聪颖的 5. All the audience agreed that the play was a brilliant success. 很成功的 6.When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea, she said, “What a brilliant idea！” 巧妙的 7. Cycling along the small path, and bathed in the brilliant sunshine, the boy felt at ease. 鲜艳的，明亮的 8. They offered a two-year guarantee on all their electrical goods, which surprised many customers.保修单 9. It is annoying that my best friend took a distant attitude towards me a few days ago.疏远的，冷淡的 10. Several factors combined to depress the housing market.使萧条，削弱 句型 1. as if 引导状语从句 When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. 当梁山伯和祝英台这对相爱的人见面时, 音乐轻松悦耳, 仿佛在向观众耳语。 2.形容词短语作状语\ Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。 3. It turns/turned out that. . . It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. 原来 乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部这里流行起来然后传遍全国。 4.see＋宾语＋宾补 Before him, he saw a sea of people all standing, clapping, and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork.他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着他们对这部杰作的赞赏。 5.by the time引导时间状语从句 By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 6.so...that... He was so upset that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret. 他痛苦不堪，以至于起初只想尽量隐瞒。 7. it作形式主语 Although Beethoven was able to continue composing music, it became increasingly difficult for him to perform in public. 尽管贝多芬还可以继续作曲, 但公开演出对于他而言越来越艰难了。 8. when 引导省略句 When composing music at the piano, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes. 在钢琴上作曲时, 他将铅笔的一端含在嘴里, 另一端顶住钢琴, 这样就能感受到音符。 语法 1.动词-ing形式作主语 2. 动词-ing形式作宾语 一、词汇清单 知识点1 compose vt. & vi. 作曲; 组成; 撰写; 使镇静 【教材原句】Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. 昨晚, 我看了何占豪和陈钢创作的动人的小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》的演出。(教材p16) 【拓展】 (1)be composed of　由……构成; 由……组成 be composed by 由……创作 compose oneself 使某人镇静 (2)composer n. 作曲家 (3)composition n. 成分, 作品; 作曲; 作文 【巧学助记】表示“由……组成”的短语 be composed of, be made up of, consist of, be comprised of 【写作佳句】Our class is composed of 20 boys and 15 girls. 我们班由20个男生和15个女生组成。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. As a composer(compose), he proved himself to be expert at large dramatic forms. 2. Mozart’s compositions(compose) are undoubtedly among the world’s greatest. 完成句子 3. 她的声音嘶哑了, 但随着谈话继续进行, 她设法使自己镇静下来。 Her voice cracked but she managed to compose herself as the conversation continued.   知识点2 deserve vt. 值得, 应得 【教材原句】It's a piece that really deserves to be heard.这首乐曲真的值得一听。(教材p16) 【拓展】 deserve to do sth. 　应该做某事; 值得做某事 deserve to be done=deserve doing……值得被做 deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意 【名师点津】deserve to be done与deserve doing的意义相同, 即可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义, 类似的词还有need, require等。 【写作佳句】She is widely acknowledged to be the most responsible and considerate teacher in our school, so she deserves respect/to be respected/respecting. 她被公认为是我们学校最负责任、最体贴的老师，所以她值得尊敬。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. These people deserve to get more than the minimum wage.   这些人应该得到比最低工资更多的报酬。 一句多译 2.我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。 →I think any good suggestion deserves to be considered.   →I think any good suggestion deserves considering.   →I think any good suggestion deserves consideration.   知识点3 whisper vi. & vt. 低语，耳语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 【教材原句】When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. 梁山伯和祝英台初次见面时，音乐轻快悦耳，仿佛在向观众耳语。(教材p16) 【拓展】 whisper in one's ear在某人耳边低语 whisper to sb.that...对某人耳语…… It's whispered that...有人私下说…… 【写作佳句】He whispered to me that he was afraid of the dog.  他低声对我说他害怕那只狗。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. It is whispered that he has saved enough money to buy an apartment for his son. 2. He told me the news in a whisper for fear that others could hear it. 完成句子 3. 有人私下说他要出国留学。 It's whispered that he'll study abroad. 知识点4 rely on依赖，依靠；信任，信赖(＝depend on) 【教材原句】My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. 我的寄宿家庭是乡村音乐的超级粉丝，所以我总是可以依靠他们介绍一些好歌曲给我听。(教材p17) 【拓展】 rely on sb./sth./doing/to do sth.指望某人/某物做某事 rely on it that...依靠/信赖/指望…… 【写作佳句】John is very reliable—if he promises to do something, he will do it, so you can rely on him to help you when you are in trouble. 约翰非常可靠——如果他承诺要做些什么，他就会去做，这样当你遇到麻烦时，你就可以依靠他来帮助你。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time. 2. Many people now would rely on surfing(surf) the Internet rather than read newspaper for news. 3. Nowadays parents have done everything for their single children, which makes the children rely on their parents badly. 句型转换 4. We rely on his finishing the work today. →We rely on him to finish the work today. →We rely on it that he will finish the work today. 知识点5 surroundings n. 周围，环境 【教材原句】The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings. 简单的曲调和优美的自然意象常常让人联想到乡村的环境。(教材p17) 【拓展】 (1)surrounding adj. 附近的，周围的 (2)surround vt. 围绕；包围 surround... with... 用……包围…… be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕 surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍 【写作佳句】Surrounded by green trees, the farm is situated at the foot of the hill near our school. 绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Surrounded(surround) by many strangers, she looked shy and embarrassed. 2. Determining where we are according to our surroundings(surrounding) remains an essential skill for our survival. 完成句子 3. 和那些能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是非常重要的。 It's extremely important to  surround yourself with people  who will provide you with the proper emotional support. 知识点6 guarantee vt. 保证；担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单；抵押品 【教材原句】I guarantee you'll enjoy it! 我保证你会喜欢的！(教材p17) 【拓展】 (1)guarantee be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事 (2)under guarantee在保修期内 give sb. a guarantee(that...) 向某人保证(……) a guarantee of……的保证 [名师点津]guarantee如果用于表示“保证某人做……”，不能用guarantee sb. to do...，只能用guarantee to do ...或guarantee that... 【写作佳句】Perseverance and diligence will guarantee that you will become good at whatever you do. 毅力和勤奋将保证你无论做什么都会做得很好。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I guarantee to finish(finish) off my paper on time, no matter what happens. 2. This kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make(make) him angry. 3. The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. 句型转换 4. We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week. →We guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v. ) →We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n. ) 知识点7 adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应 【教材原句】The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghai's Yellow River Cantata. 这首乐曲是冼星海的《黄河大合唱》的改编本。(教材p19) 【拓展】 (1)adapt vt. 使适应；改编 vi.适应 adapt(oneself) to 使……适应于……，适应(to是介词) adapt sth.for sth. 改编……为…… adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物 be adapted from由……而改编 (2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的 [名师点津]adapt的形近词为adopt, 其意为“采纳，采用，收养”。 【写作佳句】The movie is adapted from a real story.  这部电影改编自一个真实的故事。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself to new manners and customs. 2. The film was adapted from one of Tom's novels. 3. I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable(adapt). 完成句子 4. 编剧帮助他将其所著小说改编成电影。 The scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen. 知识点8 defend vi. & vt. 保护, 防御; 辩白, 辩解 【教材原句】The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”, “Ode to the Yellow River”, “The Yellow River in Anger”, and “Defend the Yellow River”. 《黄河船夫之歌》、《黄河颂》、《愤怒的黄河》、《保卫黄河》。(教材p19) 【拓展】 (1)defend. . . from/against 保护……以免受 defend oneself 为自己辩护; 自卫 (2)defence n. 防御; 保卫 in defence of 为了保卫…… 【写作佳句】The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence of their country这座纪念碑是为了纪念为保卫国家而牺牲的士兵。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. She picked up a stick from the ground to defend herself(her) against the robber. 2. I have to say in her defence(defend) that she knew nothing about it before. 完成句子 3.中国人民解放军有能力保卫祖国的领土不受侵犯。 The Chinese People’s Liberation Army is capable of defending the territory of our motherland from/against being invaded. 知识点9 greet vt. 问候, 欢迎, 招呼 【教材原句】The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space if any. 这种音乐的目的是作为一种通用语言来问候太空中的智慧生命。(教材p21) 【拓展】 (1)greet sb.(with. . . ) (用……)和某人打招呼(或问好); 欢迎; 迎接 greet sth. with sth. 对某事做出某种反应 be greeted with 受到……的对待、接待 be greeted by 被……迎接; 受……欢迎; ……映入眼帘 (2)greeting n. 问候, 欢迎, 招呼 exchange greetings 互致问候 【写作佳句】Although she was still weak after her illness, she greeted all the guests warmly. 尽管她病后仍然很虚弱，但她热情地迎接了所有的客人。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. They exchanged greetings(greet) and sat down to lunch. 2. I will greet this day with love in my heart. 完成句子 3. 这个提议很有可能在小区居民中得到热烈响应。 It is very likely that the suggestion will be greeted enthusiastically among the residents in the neighbourhood. 知识点10 suitable adj. 合适的, 适宜的, 适当的, 适用的 【教材原句】A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。(教材p21) 【拓展】 (1)be suitable for. . . 　适合…… be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 (2)suit vt. 对……合适; 合身vi. 合适, 相称n. 一套衣服, 套装 suit sth. to sb. /sth. 使某事适合于某人/物 (3)suited adj. 合适的; 般配的 be suited to. . . 适合于…… 【写作佳句】It is suitable to carry some fruit when you go to your Chinese friend’s home for dinner. 当你去中国朋友家吃饭时, 带着些水果是合适的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. I don’t have anything suitable(suit) to wear for the party. 2. This diet is suited to anyone who wants to lose weight fast. 完成句子 3. 我不知道我是否适合这份工作。 I don’t know whether I am suitable for the job or not.   知识点11 consist of 由……组成(或构成) 【教材原句】It consists of four movements.它由四个乐章组成。(教材p19) 【拓展】 (1)consist of=be made up of=be composed of　　由……组成 (2)consist in= lie in 存在于……; 在于…… consist with 一致; 符合 (3)consistent adj. 相容的; 一致的 be consistent with 和……一致/相符 [名师点津]　consist of与consist in不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。consist of可以与be made up of互换。 【写作佳句】Each group consists of/is made up of/is comprised of eight students in this activity. 在这次活动中，每个小组由8名学生组成。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Our greatest happiness consists in serving the people. 2. Great Britain consists of three main parts—England, Scotland, and Wales. 3. The results are entirely consistent(consist) with our earlier research. 一句多译 4. 这个电影由两部分组成, 它介绍了我们学校的现状。 →The film, consisting of /made up of/composed of two parts, introduces the present situation of our school.   →The film, which consists of /is made up of /is composed of two parts, introduces the present situation of our school.   知识点12 get down to(doing) sth. 开始做某事, 开始认真注意(或对待)某事 【教材原句】A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。(教材p21) 【拓展】 get accustomed /used to　习惯于…… get along with 与……相处 get rid of 除去, 去掉 get ready for 为……做好准备 get out of 由……出来, 从……得出 get away with 侥幸成功, 侥幸逃脱 get in 进入; 收获 get over 克服; 恢复 【名师点津】get down to中的to是介词, 后面一般跟名词或动词-ing形式。 【写作佳句】She had compiled pages of notes, but she had not yet gotten down to doing the actual writing. 她已编写了多页笔记, 但她还没有开始实际的写作。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The old man has got accustomed to living(live) in the city. 2. How are you getting along with your work recently? 3. If we get over the present difficulties, then everything should be all right. 4. Try your best to get rid of your bad habits and you’ll benefit a lot from it. 5. 他们已准备好盛宴来迎接贵宾。 They have got ready for the feast to greet the distinguished guests.   知识点13 remarkable adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的 【教材原句】Symphony No.9 was Beethoven's last major piece of music in a vast body of works written throughout his remarkable life.《第九交响曲》是贝多芬一生中创作的大量作品中最后一部主要作品。(教材p25) 【拓展】 (1)be remarkable for＝be known/famous for因……而著名 (2)remark vt. & vi. 说起，谈到；谈论，评论；察觉 n. 谈论，评论 remark that... 评论…… remark on/upon sth./sb. 就某事/某人发表评论 (3)make a remark on/about就……发表意见；对……品头论足 【写作佳句】The painting will be a lasting memorial to a remarkable woman. 这幅画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. They are remarking on/upon the prosperous look of the countryside. 2. She saw a slow but remarkable(remark) improvement in her classroom performance last year. 3. The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by avoiding making critical remarks(remark). 同义句转换 4. It's bad manners to remark on the appearance of others. →It's bad manners to make a remark on/about the appearance of others. 5. As we all know, China is famous for its long history. →As we all know, China is remarkable for its long history. 知识点14 upset adj. 难过的，失望的 vt. 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 【教材原句】He was so upset that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret. 一开始，他很难过，他想保密。(教材p25) 【拓展】 (1)be upset about/by/at sth. 为某事烦心 be upset that... 苦恼于…… (2)It upset(s) sb.that.../to do sth. 让某人不安的是……/做……让某人不安 【注意】upset只作表语，不作定语。 【写作佳句】Although we had made full preparations, Susan’s arrival still upset our plan. 尽管我们做了充分的准备, Susan的到来还是打乱了我们的计划。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The relatives were upset to hear(hear) that the new couple would be apart for no reason. ②Jenny was upset that her friend had left without leaving a word. ③You will return to your country soon and that makes me upset. →I am upset that you will return to your country soon.(用that宾语从句改写) →What upsets me is that you will return to your country soon.(用what主语从句改写) →It upsets me that you will return to your country soon.(用it作形式主语改写) 知识点15 possess vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制 【教材原句】...a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection... ……这是我曾经拥有的最完美的感觉……(教材p26) 【拓展】 (1)take possession of 拥有 in possession of 拥有；占有 in the possession of/in one's possession由……拥有 (2)possess v. 拥有；具有；支配 注意(1)possess表示“拥有；具有”时，不用于进行时。 (2)possession常用复数形式表示“财产；所有物”。 (3)in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人；in the possession of表示被动，其主语通常是物。 【写作佳句】Many people hope to possess great wealth, but as a matter of fact, it is health that really counts. 许多人都希望拥有巨大的财富，但事实上，健康才是真正重要的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. We can't take possession(possess) of the house until all the papers have been signed. 2. He is possessed of the garage. 完成句子 3. Those buildings are now in the possession of our school. →Our school is now in possession of those buildings. 知识点16 abandon vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 n. 放纵，任性 【教材原句】Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope. 然而，即使在他最黑暗的时刻，贝多芬也从未放弃希望。(教材p26) 【拓展】 (1)abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to 纵情于；沉溺于 (2)abandon n. 尽情；放纵 with abandon 放任地；放纵地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的，抛弃的；自我放任的 【写作佳句】We sang, danced, and laughed with abandon, forgetting the troubles in our lives. 我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Many young people decided to abandon buying(buy) houses in big cities because of the high price. 2. They saw the abandoned(abandon) vehicle and knew he had managed to flee on foot. 3. They danced wildly down the street, abandoning themselves(them) to the night and the moon. 句式升级 4. I abandoned myself to computer games. I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents. →Abandoning myself to computer games, I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) →Abandoned to computer games, I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) 二、语法清单 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能: 1. Playing the qin was his life.(主语) 2. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.(宾语) 3. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.(宾语) 4. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.(宾语) 5. Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.(主语) 6. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.(宾语) 【精讲·语法知识】 一. 动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。 Playing cellphone games is his favourite. 玩手机游戏是他的最爱。 Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed. 当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。 (2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste(of...)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中。 It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person. 想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。 It is no pleasure being blamed in the face of other students. 当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。 【经典练】　 一、单句语法填空 1. Psychology research suggests ________(wait) for things actually makes us happier in the long run. 【答案】waiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学研究表明，从长远来看，等待实际上会让我们更快乐。suggests意为“表明”，后接的是省略连接词的宾语从句，空处和空后的for things搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语，且主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作，因此应用wait的动名词形式。故填waiting。 2. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then ________(buy) smaller quantities is easier. 【答案】buying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你的超市出售散装农产品，那么购买少量的农产品会更容易。分析句子结构可知，逗号前是if引导的条件状语从句，逗号后为主句，主句中缺少主语，应用buy的动名词形式。故填buying。 3. ________(spend) time together in the garden can be a great way to exercise and have fun with your pet. 【答案】Spending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在花园里一起度过时光是一种很好的锻炼方式，同时也能和你的宠物一起享受乐趣。句中已有谓语can be且此处与谓语之间无连词连接，故设空处为非谓语动词；句中缺少主语，用动名词。设空处位于句首首字母需大写。故填Spending。 4. ________(decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets adds a vivid and warm touch to the Spring Festival atmosphere. 【答案】Decorating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：用红灯笼和对联装饰房屋为春节氛围增添了生动而温暖的感觉。“(decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets”在句中作主语，用动名词decorating作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Decorating。 5. Studying hard ________(be) not always fun, but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. 【答案】is 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：努力学习并不总是有趣的，但我会为大学或未来出现的任何事情做好充分准备。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 二、完成句子 6. What matters most is to keep a positive attitude.(改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Keeping a positive attitude matters most. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是保持积极的态度。题干要求改写为简单句或其他句式，可将“保持积极的态度”作为句子主语，使用动名词形式作主语，matter作谓语，原句使用一般现在时，时态不变，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式matters，most不变。故答案为Keeping a positive attitude matters most. 7. How we should deal with the pollution problem is a serious question.(改写为简单句或其他句式) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dealing with the pollution problem is a serious question. 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：我们应该如何处理污染问题是一个严重的问题。原句为含主语从句的主从复合句，可以将主语从句“How we should deal with the pollution problem”简化为动名词短语“Dealing with the pollution problem”作主语，原句的系表结构保持不变。故填Dealing with the pollution problem is a serious question. 8. It is a really big challenge to go from junior school to senior school.(改为v-ing作主语) ________________ to senior school is a really big challenge. 【答案】Going from junior school 【详解】考查动名词短语作主语。句意：从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。由句意及空处所在的句子结构及空后的to senior school is a really big challenge可知空处作主语，原句中的动词不定式to go from junior school to senior school为真正的主语，句首It是形式主语，所以空处应填动名词形式Going from junior school，作句子主语。故答案为Going from junior school。 9. Find out why you made the mistakes. This will help you avoid the same mistakes and enable you to write better.(用动名词短语作主语合并) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Finding out why you made the mistakes will help you avoid the same mistakes and enable you to write better. 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：找出你犯错误的原因将帮助你避免同样的错误，并使你写得更好。根据句意可知，第二句话中this指代上文一整句话，第一句话为祈使句，可以把动词Find变成动名词Finding，第一句话变成Finding out why you made the mistakes，作第二句话主语。故答案为Finding out why you made the mistakes will help you avoid the same mistakes and enable you to write better. 10. It is extremely critical to develop a good habit of reading.(改为动名词做主语) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Developing a good habit of reading is extremely critical. 【详解】考查动名词做主语。句意：养成良好的阅读习惯是极其重要的。原句“It is extremely critical to develop a good habit of reading”中it作形式主语，不定式短语“to develop a good habit of reading”作真正主语，要改为动名词做主语，可直接将“develop a good habit of reading”这一动作转换为动名词形式“developing a good habit of reading”，置于句首作主语，原形式主语it删除；句首单词首字母大写。故填：Developing a good habit of reading is extremely critical. 二. 动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动词-ing形式可以作介词的宾语 I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。 注意：以下短语中to 都是介词 be used to doing习惯于　object to 反对　devote oneself to 致力于　stick to坚持　 pay attention to注意　look forward to期盼　adapt to适应　adjust to 使适应于　owe...to归咎于　be addicted to对……上瘾 (2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有： mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tolerate)(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认) The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。 【经典练】　 一、单句语法填空 1. Some people oppose ________(use) DNA detectives to identify criminals or relationships between people. 【答案】using 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人反对使用DNA侦探来识别罪犯或人与人之间的关系。oppose doing sth.为固定短语，意为“反对做某事”，所以空处应用use的动名词形式作宾语。故填using。 2. I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means ________(step) out of my comfort zone. 【答案】stepping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我意识到，通过尝试新事物，我可以获得乐趣 —— 即使这意味着要走出我的舒适区。mean doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事”，所以此处应用step的动名词形式stepping作宾语。故填stepping。 3. Over the last two years, some supermarkets started ________(sell) chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份). 【答案】selling/to sell 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始出售设计成两半的包装来分别装独立份量的鸡肉和沙拉。start doing/to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，故填selling/ to sell。 4. There was a delay of two hours before the plane took off. Therefore, we had to delay ________(hold) the meeting until three o’clock in the afternoon. After that, the plan would be carried out ________ delay. If not, we might be unable to finish the task in time. 【答案】holding; without 【详解】考查动名词和固定短语。句意：飞机起飞前延误了两个小时。因此，我们不得不把会议推迟到下午三点。在那之后，计划将立即执行。否则，我们可能无法及时完成任务。分析句子可知，该句第一空“delay doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“推迟做某事”，故此处用动名词 “holding”作宾语。该句第二空，根据上下文句意，此处表达“毫无拖延地执行计划”，“without delay”是固定短语，意为“立即；毫不拖延地”，符合语境。故答案分别填holding；without。 5. The ordinary man made a ________(contribute) to charity, which contributed to some poor children  ________(attend) school. 【答案】contribution; attending 【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意：这个普通人向慈善机构做出了贡献，这使得一些贫困儿童能够上学。make a后需接名词，构成固定短语。contribute为动词，意思是“贡献” ，其名词形式是contribution。make a contribution to...是常用表达，意为“对……作出贡献”，所以第一空应填contribution。 which contributed to中to为介词，介词后若接动词，要用动词的-ing 形式。attend的-ing 形式是attending。故填contribution ；attending。 二、完成句子 6. He began to seize the chance to improve his new bicycle.(用词组set about 升级句中的 began to) He ________________________ his new bicycle. 【答案】set about seizing the chance to improve 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他开始抓住机会来改善他的新式自行车。试题要求用set about升级began to，升级后应与原句保持时态上的一致，用一般过去时。set about为固定短语，意为“开始做某事”，其后接动词时，应用动名词形式作宾语，即set about doing sth.；原句中seize为动词原形，此处需变为动名词形式seizing。故填set about seizing the chance to improve。 7. Lucas still attended the lecture though he was ill.(同义句转换) Lucas still attended the lecture ________ ________ ________. 【答案】despite being ill 【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：Lucas虽然病了，但还是去听了讲座。原句是though引导的让步状语从句，表“虽然，尽管”，可使用介词despite替换，后接动名词作宾语，故填①despite；②being；③ill。 8. We all envy your good health. →We all envy ________________________. →We all envy you ________________________. →Your good health ________________________ all. 【答案】you your good health; having good health; is the envy of us 【详解】①考查双宾语结构。原句“We all envy your good health.”中，动词envy可接双宾语(直接宾语+间接宾语)，即“envy sb. sth.”，故改写为We all envy you your good health.，其中you是间接宾语，your good health是直接宾语，语义与原句一致。故答案为：you your good health。 ②考查动名词作宾语。动词envy也可接“sb. + doing sth.”结构，表示“羡慕某人做某事”，故改写为We all envy you having good health.，其中having good health是动名词短语作宾语，强调“拥有健康”这一状态，语义自然流畅。故答案为：having good health。 ③考查主谓一致与被动转主动。原句的被动含义可转化为“好的健康状况是所有人羡慕的对象”，原句时态为一般现在时，故改写为Your good health is the envy of us all.，其中be the envy of是固定搭配，表示“是……羡慕的对象”，us all强调“我们所有人”，符合逻辑。故答案为：is the envy of us。 9. The experienced worker assisted us to establish a company at the foot of the hill. →The experienced worker ________ us in ________ a company at the foot of the hill.(同义句转换) 【答案】assisted; establishing 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：那位经验丰富的工人帮助我们在山脚下建立了一家公司。根据原句句意以及句子结构可知，原句assist sb to do sth“帮助某人做某事”可转换为动词短语assist sb in doing sth“帮助某人做某事”，结合原句assist为动词过去式，此处也应为一般过去时。故填①assisted；②establishing。 10. As soon as he heard the bad news that he failed in the exam, he burst out crying.(句型转换) →①________________________ he failed in the exam, he burst out crying.(on/ upon doing) →②________________________ that he failed in the exam, he burst out crying.(时间状语从句) 【答案】On/ Upon hearing the bad news that; The moment/The minute/ The second/ The instant/ Immediately/ Directly/Instantly he heard the bad news 【详解】考查动名词作宾语和时间状语从句。句意：他一听到考试不及格的坏消息就大哭起来。对于①，根据“on/upon doing”结构表示“一……就……”，原句“As soon as he heard the bad news that he failed in the exam”，这里可以转换为“On/ Upon hearing the bad news”，“hear” 的动名词形式“hearing”与“on/upon”搭配，后接“the bad news”，所以①处应填入 “On/ Upon hearing the bad news”。对于②，要改写成时间状语从句，“As soon as”本身就引导时间状语从句，意思是 “一……就……”，同样地，还有连词The moment/The minute/ The second/ The instant/ Immediately/ Directly/Instantly，也表示“一……就……”引导时间状语从句，所以②处应填入“The moment/The minute/ The second/ The instant/ Immediately/ Directly/Instantly he heard the bad news”。故分别填：On/ Upon hearing the bad news that；The moment/The minute/ The second/ The instant/ Immediately/ Directly/Instantly he heard the bad news。 特别注意： 1. 动词-ing形式和不定式作主语的常见用法 非谓语动词中，动词-ing形式和不定式都可以作主语，也都可以借助it把动词-ing形式和不定式移到句子后面。一般来说，动词-ing形式作主语，表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为；不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。 2. 通常只用动词-ing形式作主语的六种情况： (1)含形容词的句子: It is/foolish/wonderful/useless/hopeless doing句型中 (2)含名词的句子: It is no fun/pleasure/relief/mistake/pain/use/good句型中 (3)There is no(use/help/need) doing sth.句型 (4)在疑问句中 (5)在某些动词的被动式前 (6)在No smoking！之类的布告语中 3. 通常只用不定式作主语的五种情况： (1) It is necessary/important/impossible/difficult...(for sb.) to do sth.句型 (2)It is kind/foolish/clever/stupid/nice/rude/careless/friendly...(of sb.) to do sth.句型，形容词常修饰人的特征 (3)It takes/costs/requires sb./sth.to do sth.句型 (4)不定式和when/where/how/what/whether等连用，在句子中作主语 (5)主语被否定时 三、写作清单 介绍喜欢的歌手或乐队 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是介绍喜欢的歌手或乐队。介绍喜欢的歌手或乐队属于事物介绍类的文章。它常涉及人物的出生、家庭背景、教育、生平经历、成就和评价等。叙事时, 要写清事情发生与发展的过程以及事情发生的前因后果等。其写作结构如下： 1. 首先，提供你最喜欢的歌手或乐队的基本信息； 2. 其次，介绍歌手或乐队音乐的特点和影响，同时解释你为什么喜欢这个歌手或乐队； 3. 最后，描述歌手或乐队带给你的难忘回忆。 【积累·写作素材】 1. The band is made up of..., one... and the rest... 2. What we are also fond of is... 3. I'm glad to tell you that...; my favorite..., ... 4. Born in..., on..., ...is a famous singer... 5. She/He was recognized as one of the most influential... 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，你和同学组建了一个名为“Starry Skies”的乐队。你的美国留学生朋友Mike擅长吉他演奏，请你给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他加入乐队。内容要点如下： 1. 写信目的； 2. 乐队介绍； 3. 排练时间和地点。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Mike, How are you doing? _______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 应用文-介绍喜欢的歌手或乐队 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：引入话题, 说明写作目的 第二段：介绍并且说明原因。 第三段：期待对方的答复. 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1.由……所组成be made up of 2.喜爱，渴望be keen on 3.一个狂热的音乐爱好者an enthusiastic music lover 4.有过美妙的音乐体验have some gorgeous music experiences 5.在我们学校的音乐厅集合 gather at our school music hall 句子翻译 1.最近，我和我的同学组织了一支乐队。 Recently, my schoolmates and I have organized a band. 2.它叫“星空”。 It names “Starry Skies”. 3.我们乐队是由一群年轻人组成的。 Our band is made up of a group of young people. 4.他们热衷于流行音乐，并寻求一起练习和表演。 They are keen on pop music and seek to practice and perform together. 5.我们每个星期六下午3点到5点在学校音乐厅集合练习。 We gather at our school music hall to practice from 3：00 p. m. to 5：00 p. m. every Saturday afternoon. 6.你和我们一样是一个狂热的音乐爱好者。 You are an enthusiastic music lover like us. 7.你吉他弹得很好。 You are very good at playing the guitar. 8.我们非常希望你能成为我们的吉他手。 We really hope that you can be our guitarist. 9.我们在一起一定会有一些美妙的音乐体验。 We will surely have some gorgeous music experiences together. 10.如果你有兴趣，请随时联系我。 Please feel free to contact me if you are interested. 第三步：词句升级 11.用非谓语结构升级并合并句1和句2。 Recently, my schoolmates and I have organized a band named “Starry Skies”. 12.用定语从句连接句3和句4。 Our band is made up of a group of young people who are keen on pop music and seek to practice and perform together. 13.把句⑥和句7置于I know后作为并列宾语。 I know that you are an enthusiastic music lover like us and that you are very good at playing the guitar. 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Mike, How are you doing? Recently, my schoolmates and I have organized a band named “Starry Skies”. Now I'm writing to invite you to join us. Our band is made up of a group of young people who are keen on pop music and seek to practice and perform together. We gather at our school music hall to practice from 3：00 p. m. to 5：00 p. m. every Saturday afternoon. I know that you are an enthusiastic music lover like us and that you are very good at playing the guitar. We really hope that you can be our guitarist. We will surely have some gorgeous music experiences together. Please feel free to contact me if you are interested. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua ( 3 / 21 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$