Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-【创新教程】2026年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关课时作业（人教版）

艺考生文化课百日冲关 英语 基础必备 选择性必修第三册 课时 作业 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE I,阅读理解 down heavily against the lighthouse wall,ex- [话题前往灯塔维护灯光的故事] hausted but smiling.The cargo ship's captain On a stormy night in November,the small later sent a letter of gratitude,crediting the coastal town of Windermere was enveloped in precious light for saving his crew. darkness.The lighthouse,standing tall on the That winter.Captain Harris passed away rough cliffs,had been the town's guardian for peacefully in his sleep.The town set up a plaque over a century.But tonight,its light shone weakly, (in his honor,carved with his final words: as if struggling against the howling wind. "A light is only as strong as the hands that keep Old Captain Harris,now retired,sat by it alive.” his fireplace,listening to the radio warnings of 1.What was the condition of the lighthouse an approaching hurricane.His wrinkled hands when the storm hit? trembled as he recalled the night thirty years A.It was brightly lit and fully operational. ago when he had nearly lost his ship to these B.Its light was functioning unusually. dangerous waters.Back then,the lighthouse's C.It had been abandoned for years. light had guided him to safety.Now,with the D.It was being repaired by the townsfolk keeper,Mr.Thompson,entrusted by the town 2.Why did Captain Harris decide to go to the mayor,bed-ridden with fever,the lighthouse lighthouse? stood unmanned. A.He wanted to check on Mr.Thompson. Determined,Captain Harris grabbed his B.He remembered how the lighthouse had raincoat and lantern."Someone has to keep the once saved him. light burning,"he whispered.The journey to C.He was ordered by the town mayor. the lighthouse was challenging -the narrow D.He was curious about the storm's damage. path was slippery with rain,and the wind 3.What can be inferred about Captain Harris's threatened to throw him off balance.Yet,step character? by step,he pressed on. A.Careless and adventurous. Inside the tower,the machinery groaned B.Selfish and cautious. (呻吟)under the storm's attack.Captain Har- C.Courageous and selfless. ris climbed the spiraling(螺旋式的)stairs,he D.Indifferent and determined. was out of breath.At the top,he adjusted the 4.What is the most likely reason that the cargo lens and refueled the lamp.As the light stead- ship's horn was included in the story? ied,a distant ship's horn echoed through the A.To emphasize the danger of the storm. night-a cargo ship fighting the waves. B.To show his efforts were meaningful. Hours later,when the storm finally pas- C.To introduce a new character. sed,the townsfolk found Captain Harris fell D.To create a sense of mystery. Ⅱ.完形填空 [话题坚持做自己的故事] 1.A.pour B.program “Why don'tyou‘act black'?”Since my middle school years,I've been asked this question more than any other.It C.translate D.transform seems to me that too many people have let society 1 into their brains what should be expected of me,a black person, 2.A.meeting B.competing before ever 2 with me.But I believe in being who I am, not who others want me to be. C.interacting D.arguing ·331· 班级： 姓名： 学号： [答题] On my first day of high school,going into math class, 3.A.pointed B.shouted two of my classmates 3 and laughed at me.I 4 C.gazed D.smiled 1 -thought it was my bed head,or that there was something 4.A.suddenly B.initially 5 on the back of my shirt.But as I took my seat,I heard C.unluckily D.eventually one of the students 6,"Why is a black person taking 5.A.kept B.caught 3. Honors(荣誉课程)？”So it wasn't my hair.An honors level C.trapped D.stuck 4 class had simply been joined by a student whose skin was an 6.A.whisper B.scream unsettling 7 of brown. C.explain D.question 1 Many people think my clothes should be big enough for 7.A.sense B.shade 2.me to 8,or expect me to listen 9 to "black music". C.shadow D.tone In seventh grade,a group of my peers fixed their cold stares on my 8.A.live in B.fit into .oufitcargo shorts and a plain,fitting T-shir.They called out C.stand out D.fall apart -4 to me,"Go get some clothes,white boy." 9.A.largely B.mainly In one of my music classes,the teacher asked me,"Do you C.merely D.entirely -5-like rap music more?”"I repid,“No.rock.”The look of10 10.A.anger B.shock 6 on my classmates'faces made me feel profoundly strange. C.joy D.sorrow I am now in my junior year of high school.I still take all 11.A.similar B.familiar Honors courses.My wardrobe still only consists of clothes C.appropriate D.comfortable .8.that are1l_to my proportions(身体比例).My musie 12.A.shop B.studio 12 ranges from rock to pop to techno,and almost every- C.home D.library thing in between.When it comes to choosing my friends,I 13.A.colorblind B.cautious .10 am still 13.I continue to do my best work in school in C.carefree D.courageous order to reach my goals,14 when I look in the mirror,I 14.A.or B.for 11 still see skin of that same shade of brown. C.so D.yet .12 My skin color has done nothing to 15 my personality, 15.A.harm B.improve and my personality has done nothing to change my skin color. C.change D.reflect 14Ⅲ.语法填空 "We made a list of reasons 4. 15[话题由于气候变化，北半球森林快速的生长] these forests could be growing faster and then Forests in the northern half of the globe excluded half of them,"Dr.Parker said.Their could be growing faster now than they were 200 study suggests that northern forests may be- years ago as a result of climate change,accord- come increasingly important in reducing the in- ing to a study of trees in eastern America.The fluence of man-made CO2 5. the cli- mate. trees appear to have faster growth rates due to Dr.Parker and his colleagues 6. longer growing seasons and higher 1. (carry)out a detailed record of the trees (concentrate)of carbon dioxide in the on a regular basis since 1997.They calculated atmosphere. that due to the global warming the forest is pro- Geoffrey Parker,a scientist at the Smith- ducing 7. (addition)tons of sonian Environmental Research Centre in Edge- wood each year. water.Maryland,2. (say)that the The scientists identified the land with trees increase in the rate of growth was unexpected at different stages of growth 8. found and might be matched to the higher tempera- that both young and old trees were showing 9. tures and longer growing seasons 3. (increase)growth rates.More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown (document)in the region.The growth may also 10. between two and four times faster be influenced by the significant increase in at- than the scientists had predicted from estimates mospheric CO2,he said. of the long-term rates of growth. ·332·A选项“The program will start on1 October2027.(该计 划将于2027年10月1日启动.)”下文中的“that day”指代 选项中的“1 October2027”,明确给出了计划的启动日期。] 2.E[根据上文“This recycling idea was first put forward in2018,aiming to start by2025.(这个回收想法最早是 在2018年提出的，目标是在2025年前开始实施。)”以及 下文“The UK government refused their idea,saying it would make things too hard for companies and raise prices for people.(英国政府拒绝了他们的想法，称这会 让公司的事情变得太困难，并提高人们的物价。)”可知 此处是在介绍苏格兰和威尔士在2024年对回收计划提 出的新要求，以及英国政府对此的态度，E远项“But in 2024,Scotland and Wales wanted to add glass bottles to the plan.(但在2024年，苏格兰和成尔士希望将玻璃瓶 加入该计划。)”衔接上文，且与下文的“their idea”相呼 应，揭示了矛盾，点（是否纳入玻璃瓶），逻辑连贯。 3.D[根据上文“Then these two regions adopted different approaches.Scotland planned to start a similar program at the same time.(然后这两个地区采取了不同的方法。 苏格兰计划同时启动类似的计划。)”以及下文“Environ- ment leader Mary Creagh says:'This recycling plan will help tackle the huge litter problem and make our towns cleaner.It will help nature,save animals,and protect beaches and oceans.’(环境部长玛丽·克里奇说：‘这个 回收计划将有助于解决巨大的垃圾问题，使我们的城镇 更加清洁。它将有助于保护自然，拯救动物，保护海滩 和海洋。’)”可知，此处是在介绍苏格兰和成尔士对回收 计划的不同做法，D选项“Wales left the plan of the UK to make its own version including glass.(威尔士脱离了 英国的计划，制定了包括玻璃在内的自己的版本。)”与 上文“different approaches”对应，体现了地区差异，且与 下文的“Environment leader Mary Creagh says'”相衔接， 表明环境部长对成尔士做法的支持。门 4.C[根据上文“But Green Party leader Carla Denyer is upset about leaving out glass bottles:(但绿党领袖卡拉 ·丹耶对排除玻璃瓶感到不满：)”可知，此处是在介绍 绿党领袖卡拉·丹耶对排除玻璃瓶的不满，C选项 "Adding glass is totally doable-other countries have done it.(添加玻璃是完全可行的 一其他国家已经做 到了。)”与上文的“upset about leaving out glass bottles” 相呼应，表明卡拉·丹耶认为添加玻璃瓶是可行的，因 为其他国家已经做到了。] 5.G[根据上文“Stores must charge the extra money,set up return machines,and show instructions to customers. However,small city shops (under 100m)are not re- quired to join.(商店必须收取额外的费用，设置退货机， 并向顾客展示说明。然而，小型城市商店（面积小于100 平方米)不需要加入。)”可知，此处是在介绍回收计划对 商店的要求，以及小型城市商店的例外情况，G选项 "Some experts argue that excluding small shops weakens the program's overall impact..(一些专家认为，排除小型 商店会削弱该计划的整体影响。)”是对上文政策漏洞的 评价，且与上文的“small city shops(under 100m')are not required to join"相街接，表明了专家对排除小型商 店的担忧。 Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国在 国际上具有重要意义的湿地的生态状况、保护目标以及面 临的挑战，同时还提及了中国加入《国际重要湿地公约》的 相关情况。 l.has been showing[考查动词时态。句意：国家林业和 草原局发布的一份白皮书称，最近，随着水质和生物多 样性的改善，中国在国际上具有重要意义的湿地的生态 状况一直在改善。根据时间状语Recently和语意可知， 此处表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可 能继续延续下去的动作，应用现在完成进行时，主语the ecology of China's wetlands of international importance 为单数，助动词用has。故填has been showing。」 2.andL考查连词。句意：中国有64处国际重要湿地，包 括大陆上的63处和香港的1处。根据句意可知，630n the mainland和one in Hong Kong之间为并列关系，应 用连词and连接。故填and。 参考答案 3.registered[考查非谓语动词。句意：2021年，这63处 湿地覆盖了373万公顷，比2019年登记的面积有所增 加。句中已有谓语动词covered,且无其它连词，所以此 处应用register的非谓语动词形式作后置定语，修饰名 词the size,register与the size之间为被动关系，应用过 去分词形式。故填registered,] 4.t0[考查介词。句意：根据白皮书，它们是2258种湿 地植物和260种湿地乌类的家园。be home to为固定短 语，意为“是…的家因”。故填t0。 5.threats[考查名词复数。句意：尽管在保护方面取得了 进展，但湿地仍面临着外来植物入侵、环境污染和过度 放牧的威胁。根据句意可知，此处表示“面临多种威 胁”，应用可数名词threat的复数形式。故填t小hreats。] 6.to boost [考查非谓语动词。句意：国家林业和草原局 的一位官员表示，毫无疑问，中国的长期目标是加强对 国际重要湿地的保护，开展湿地生态修复，加强外来物 种的防控，提高湿地管理能力。分析句子结构可知，此 处为表语，应用不定式形式，表示将来的动作或状态 故填to boost。 7.restoration[考查名词。句意：国家林业和草原局的一 位官员表示，毫无疑问，中国的长期目标是加强对国际 重要湿地的保护，开展湿地生态修复，加强外来物种的 防控，提高湿地管理能力。根据空格前的形容调ecolog ical可知，此处应用restore的名词形式restoration作 carry out的宾语，表示“生态修复”。故填restoration。] 8.joining[考查非谓语动词。句意：2022年是中国加入 《国际重要湿地公约》30周年，该公约旨在为国际湿地栖 息地保护合作提供柜架。句中已有谓语动词marked,所 以此处应用joi的非谓语动词形式作后置定语，修饰名 词the30 th anniversary of China,join与China之间为主 动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填joining。] 9.which [考查定语从句。句意：该公约于1975年生效， 旨在为国际湿地栖息地保护合作提供框架。分析句子 结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The convention,关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代 词which引导。故填which。] 10.particularly[考查副词。句意：在许多情况下，它们是 水禽的自然栖息地，特别是跨境迁徙的鸟类。分析句子 结构可知，此处应用particular的制词形式作欢语，修饰 整个句子，particularly,意为“特别地，尤其是”，符合语境 语法。故填particularly。] UNIT 4 I.[语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。.文章讲述了退休帮长 哈里斯在一个暴风雨夜，不顾自身安危，前往灯塔维护灯 光，成功引导一艘货船安全通过危险海域的故事。 L.B[钿节理解题。根据第一段“But tonight,its light shone weakly,as if struggling against the howling wind. (但今晚，它的灯光微弱，仿佛在与呼啸的狂风搏斗。)” 可知，暴风雨来临时，灯塔的灯光微弱，运作状态异常。门 2.B[推理判断题。根据第二段“His wrinkled hands trembled as he recalled the night thirty years ago when he had nearly lost his ship to these dangerous waters. Back then,the lighthouse's light had guided him to safe- ty.”以及第三段“Determined,Captain Harris grabbed his raincoat and lantern.'Someone has to keep the light burning,'he whispered.(哈里斯船长心意巳决，一把抓 起雨衣和提灯。‘必须有人保持灯光长明，’他喃南 道。)”可知，哈里斯回忆起30年前灯塔的光曾引导他脱 离危险，这促使他决定前往灯塔。] 3.C[推理判断题。分析全文以及第三段“Determined, Captain Harris grabbed his raincoat and lantern.'Some- one has to keep the light burning,'he whispered.The journey to the lighthouse was challenging the narrow path was slippery with rain,and the wind threatened to throw him off balance.”可知，哈里斯不顾自身安危，在 暴风雨中前往灯塔维护灯光，最终成功引导货船安全通 过危险海域，这表明他具有勇敢和无私的品质。 4.B[推理判断题。根据第四段“As the light steadied,a distant ship's horn echoed through the night-a cargo ship fighting the waves..”以及第五段“The cargo ship'scap 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语 tain later sent a letter of gratitude,crediting the precious light for saving his crew.(货船的船长后来送来了感谢 信，称这束珍贵的灯光拯救了他的船员。)”可知，货船的 鸣笛声表明哈里斯的努力得到了回报，他的行动成功引 导了货船，这强调了他的付出是有意义的。门 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作 者作为黑人因肤色和兴趣爱好等常遭误解但坚持做自己 的故事 1.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，太多的人让 社会在他们和我交流之前就把对一个黑人应该有什么 样的期待灌输进他们的大脑。A.pour倾倒：B.program 编程；C.translate翻译；D.transform转变。根据下文 “what should be expected of me,.a black person'”可知，此 处指太多的人让社会把对黑人的期待灌输进他们的大 脑，program.,,into one's brain表示“将…植入某人的 大脑，使某人形成某种固定思雏/观念”。] 2.C[考查动祠词义辨析。句意同上。A.meeting见面： B.competing竞争；C.interacting交流，互动，D.arguing 争论。根据下文“with me”可知，此处指在和作者交流之 前，人们就对黑人有了一定的期待。] 3.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我上高中的第一天， 走进数学课，我的两个同学指着我，嘲笑我。A.pointed 指着，B.shouted大碱；C.gazed凝视；D.smiled微笑。根 据下文“and laughed at me”可知，两个同学指着作者并 嘲笑他。 4.B[考查副词词义辩析。句意：我起初以为是我的头发 太乱了，或者我的村衫后面粘了什么东西。A.suddenly 突然；B.initially起初；C.unluckily不幸地；D.eventually 最终。根据下文“thought it was my bed head”“Why is a black person taking Honors(荣誉课程)？”可知，一开始 作者以为是自己外在的原因导致同学的反应。 5.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.kept保持，B. caught抓住；C.trapped国住；D.stuck粘住。根据下文 “on the back of my shirt”可知，作者猜测衬衫后面粘了 东西才引起同学反应，stick on表示“粘在…上”。] 6.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我坐下时，我听到 其中一个学生低声说：“为什么一个黑人要上荣誉课 程？”A.whisper低语；B.scream尖叫；C.explain解释； D.question提问。根据下文“Why is a black person tak- ing Honors(荣誉课程)？”可知，作者坐下后听到其中一 个学生低声说，whisper符合语境。] 7.B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：一门荣誉课程里仅仅加 入了一个皮肤是令人不安的棕色色调的学生。A.sense 感觉；B.shade色调，色度C.shadow影子，D.tone语气， 音调。根据下文“of brown”可知，此处指皮肤是不安的 棕色的色度，shade符合语境。 8.A[考查动词短语辨析。句意：很多人认为我的衣服应 该大到足以让我住进去，或者希望我只听“黑人音乐” A.live in住在；B.fit into适合；C.stand out突出；D.fall apart崩渍。根据上文“Many people think my clothes should be big enough for me”可知，很多人认为我的衣服 应该大到足以让我住进去。] 9.C[考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.largely主要地； B.mainly主要地；C.merely仅仅；D.entirely完全地。根 据下文“to‘black music'”可知，此处指人们期望作者只 听“黑人音乐”，merely符合语境。] 10.B[考查名词词义辩析。句意：同学们脸上震惊的表情 让我感到非常奇怪。A.anger愤怒；B.shock震惊；Cjoy快 乐，D,.sorrow悲伤。根据上文“In one of my music clas- ses,the teacher asked me,'Do you like rap music more?'I replied,‘No,rock.”可知，作者说自己喜欢摇 滚而不是说唱音乐，结合很多人对黑人的固有看法，可 知同学们对作者的回答感到震惊。门 11.C[考查形客词词义辨析。句意：我的衣柜里仍然只 有适合我身材的衣服。A.similar相似的；B.familiar熟 悉的：C.appropriate合适的；D,comfortable舒服的。根 据下文“to my proportions'”可知，这里表示作者的衣服 是适合自己身体比例的。门 12.D[考查名词词义辩析。句意：我的音乐库从摇滚到 流行到电子乐，几乎涵盖了所有类型。A.shop商店： ·40 B.studio工作室；C.home家；D.library库，藏书。根据 下文“ranges from rock to pop to techno,and almost eve- rything in between”可知，这里指作者听的音乐种类丰 高，这是作者的音乐库，music library表示“音乐库”。] 13.A[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在选择朋友时，我仍 然是不看肤色的。A.colorblind不辩颜色的，不分肤色 的；B.cautious谨慎的；C.carefree无忧无虑的；D.coura- geous勇敢的。根据上文“When it comes to choosing my friends,I am still”可知，作者不看肤色选择朋友，color- blind符合语境。] 14.D「考查连词词义辩析。句意：我继续在学校努力学 习，以实现我的目标，然而当我照镜子时，我仍然看到同 样肤色的皮肤。A.or或者；B.for因为；C.so所以： D.yet然而。根据上文“I continue to do my best work in school in order to reach my goals'"和下文“when I look in the mirror,I still see skin of that same shade of brown" 可知，前后是转折关系，yet符合语境。] 15.C[考查动词词义辩析。句意：我的肤色并没有改变 我的个性，我的个性也没有改变我的肤色。A.harm伤 害；B.improve提高，C.change改变；D.reflect反映。根 据下文“my personality,and my personality has done nothing to change my skin color'”可知，作者坚持自我，不 被对黑人的固有看法影响，可知肤色和个性之间没有相 互改变。 Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了由于气 候变化，北半球森林的生长速度可能比200年前更快，并分 析了可能的原因，包括更长的生长季节和大气中二氧化碳 浓度的增加。 l.concentrations[考查名词。句意：树木似乎因为更长 的生长季节和大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加而生长得更 快。括号内给出的是动词“concentrate”,此处需要名词 形式作介词“o”的宾语，表示“浓度”，为可数名词，此处 应用复数表示泛指，故填concentrations。] 2.said[考查动词时态。句意：马里兰州埃奇沃特的史密 森尼环境研究中心的科学家杰弗里·帕克表示，生长速 度的增加出乎意料，可能与该地区记录的高温和更长的 生长季节有关。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去 时，故填said。] 3.documented[考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处是非 谓语动词作后置定语，修饰higher temperatures and lon ger growing seasons,动词document(记录)和所修饰词 是被动关系，需用过去分词documented表示被动和完成 意义，故填documented。」 4.why[考查定语从句。句意：“我们列出了这些森林可 能生长得更快的原因，然后排除了其中一半。”帕克博士 说。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons,且关系词 在从句中作状语，应用关系副词why引导，故填why。] 5.0n[考查因定搭配。句意：他们的研究表明，北方森林 在减少人为二氧化碳对气候的影响方面可能变得越来 越重要。reduce the influence on.·为固定搭配，表示 “减少对…的影响”，故填0n。门 6.have carried[考查动词时态。句意：帕克博士和他的 同事自1997年以来定期对树木进行详细记录。since 1997提示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，主 语是复数，助动词应用have,故填have carried。] 7.additional[考查形容词。句意：他们计算出，由于全球 变暖，这片森林每年额外生产数吨木材。括号内为名词 “addition”,此处需形容词修饰“tons”,作定语，故填addi tional。J 8.and[考查并列连调。句意：科学家们确定了处于不同 生长阶段的树木的土地，并发现年轻和年老的树木都显 示出增长的生长速度。前后句为并列关系，需用and连 接，故填and。」 9.increased[考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处为非谓 语动词作定语，修饰growth rates,二者之间是被动关 系，应用过去分词作定语，故填increased。] 10.byL考查固定搭配。句意：超过90%的树木群体的生 长速度比科学家根据长期生长递度的预测快了两到四 倍。此处表示“增长了”，应用介词by,故填by。] 2