2025年中考英语复习：动词不定式的高频搭配

中考复习:动词不定式的高频搭配 一、不定式(to do)核心搭配 中考必考! 1. 接不定式作宾语的动词 动词 例句 中文释义 agree He agreed to help us. 同意 decide She decided to study abroad. 决定 hope They hope to win the game. 希望 promise I promise to tell the truth. 承诺 refuse He refused to answer the question. 拒绝 2. 接不定式作宾补的动词 动词 例句 中文释义 ask She asked me to wait. 要求 encourage He encouraged me to try again. 鼓励 invite They invited us to join them. 邀请 teach My father taught me to swim. 教 warn The sign warns people not to smoke. 警告 warn The sign warns people not to smoke. 警告 3. 省略to的不定式(特殊结构) 类型 例句 规则要点 感观动词 I saw him run away. see/hear/watch + sb do(全过程) 使役动词 Let her go home. make/let/have + sb do why not Why not ask for help? Why not + do? 情态动词短语 You had better rest now. had better + do 二、动名词(doing)核心搭配 中考高频! 1. 接动名词作宾语的动词 动词 例句 中文释义 avoid Avoid eating junk food. 避免 enjoy She enjoys dancing. 喜爱 mind Do you mind opening the window? 介意 practice He practices speaking English daily. 练习 suggest I suggest taking a break. 建议 suggest I suggest taking a break. 建议 2. 接动名词的固定短语 短语 例句 中文释义 be worth The book is worth reading. 值得 can't help She couldn't help laughing. 忍不住 look forward to I look forward to meeting you. 期待 be used to He is used to working late. 习惯于 give up Never give up trying. 放弃 3. 介词后接动名词 介词 例句 规则要点 before Before leaving, lock the door. 离开前 despite Despite failing, he kept trying. 尽管失败 by Learn English by watching movies. 通过...方式 without She left without saying goodbye. 没有 三、分词(doing/done)核心功能 1. 现在分词(doing)作状语 功能 例句 解析 表伴随 Smiling, she handed me the gift. 笑着递礼物(同时发生) 表原因 Being tired, he went to bed early. 因为累了(表原因) 表伴随 Smiling, she handed me the gift. 笑着递礼物(同时发生) 表原因 Being tired, he went to bed early. 因为累了(表原因) 表结果 The fire spread, causing damage. 导致损失(表结果) 2. 过去分词(done)作状语/定语 功能 例句 解析 表被动 Seen from space, Earth is blue. 从太空看(被动) 表完成 Born in 1990, he is now 34. 出生于1990年(已完成) 作定语 The book written by him is popular. 他写的书(后置定语) 3. 分词独立主格结构 结构 例句 解析 逻辑主语+doing Weather permitting, we'll picnic. 天气允许(条件) 逻辑主语+done Her homework finished, she played. 作业完成(时间) 四、易混淆重点对比 1. 接不定式 动名词意义不同的动词 动词 + to do +doing 差异点 forget forget to call forget calling 未做vs已做 remember remember to lock remember locking 未做vs已做 stop stop to rest stop smoking 目的vs停止某动作 try try to solve try using a tool 努力vs试验方法 2. 分词vs不定式作宾补区别 动词 + doing(进行/持续) + do(全过程) + done(被动) see I saw him crossing the street.(正在过) I saw him cross the street.(全过程) I saw the window broken.(被打破) hear I heard her singing.(正在唱) I heard her sing.(唱完) I heard the song played.(被播放) 五、高级特殊结构 结构 例句 解析 疑问词+不定式 I know how to fix it. 如何修理(作宾语) too...to... It's too late to go. 太晚不能去 enough to... She is old enough to drive. 足够大能开车 for sb to do It's important for you to learn. 对你来说重要 be + adj + to do The question is easy to answer. 容易回答(主动表被动) 六、使用要点总结 1. 不定式:表目的、未来动作,常接在表示“决定、愿望”的动词后(want/decide/hope)。 2. 动名词:表习惯、已完成动作,常接在“喜欢、避免”类动词后(enjoy/avoid),或介词后。 3. 分词: - 现在分词:主动/进行 a developing country(发展中国家) - 过去分词:被动/完成 a developed country(发达国家) 4. 省略to:使役/感官动词后(let/make/see/hear),或特殊句型(why not/had better)。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$