焦点 10 主谓一致【讲练结合】-备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过（全国通用）

焦点10 主谓一致 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过 主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 一、语法一致原则 语法一致是指主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 1、一般情况下，主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 2、动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。、 3、 ①复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ②neither of ... / none  of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。 ③either指“两者之中任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。either of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。 ④each作同位语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的数；each of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 4、当用both ... and ... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。当and连接的两个名词表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式；当表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 5、当主语后面跟有with, except, including, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式由主语的单、复数形式决定。 6、一些由两部分构成的表示物体的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如shoes, trousers, jeans, scissors, chopsticks等。但如果这些名词前有量词如pair等修饰时，谓语动词的数与量词保持一致。 7、 1 “a (large / small) number of + 复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ②. “分数 / 百分数+ of + 名词”和“the rest / most of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由名词决定。 二、意义一致原则 1. 意义一致的一般用法 形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数名词如the police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。 The police were called in. 警察被召来了。 【注意】people 作“民族”讲时，其单数形式为people，复数形式为peoples，作主语时应用语法一致原则。 The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。 56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。 2. 主语是指一类人的“the+形容词(或过去分词)”时，谓语动词通常用复数。 这类词有：the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the unemployed 等。 另外，像the Chinese，the British，the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称，作主语时，谓语动词也用复数。 The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。 The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。 ①The + 形容词指人做主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。 The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich. 过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。 The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital. 伤员在医院受到了很好的照顾。 ②The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 The decayed has been thrown away. 腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。 ③形式上为复数，而意义上却是单数的名词，如news，mathematics，physics，politics，economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。 His "Selected Poems" was first published in 1965. 他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。 三、就近一致原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词 Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。 Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。 1、连词or，not…but…，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。 Not his parents but he doesn't want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。 Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。 Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个秘密吗?（注意疑问句中助动词保持就近） 2、当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。 There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。 There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盘子里有两个梨子，一些桔子和一个苹果。 1．The book is __________ interesting __________ educational. A．so...that B．either...or C．not only...but also D．neither...nor 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】并列连词辨析、not only...but also、so...that 【详解】句意：这本书不仅有趣而且有教育意义。 考查连词辨析。so...that...如此……以至于……；either...or...要么……要么……；not only...but also...不但……而且……；neither...nor...既不……也不……。根据“interesting...educational.”可知，此处表示这本书既有趣又有教育意义，应用“not only...but also...”连接两个并列的成分，强调两个方面都具备。故选C。 2．This pair of shoes ________ my mum and they ________ very comfortable. A．was made with; are felt B．were made from; are felt C．were made of; was felt D．was made by; feel 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】主动表被动、glasses/trousers/pants/shoes等作主语 【详解】句意：这双鞋是我妈妈做的，它们感觉很舒服。 考查主谓一致和动词的语态。由pair等量词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式由量词的单复数形式决定，因为题干中的pair是单数，所以第一空中的be动词应用was，排除B、C；第二空feel是感官动词，应用主动表被动，所以排除A。故选D。 3．—All the family ________ skating except the twins. —That’s true. Both of them ________ singing, but neither of them ________ good at it. A．enjoy; prefers; are B．enjoys; prefer; is C．enjoys; prefers; are D．enjoy; prefer; is 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】其他语法一致形式、either/neither、both/all/none、prefer、is、enjoy、are 【详解】句意：——除了双胞胎外，全家都喜欢滑冰。 ——这是真的。他们两个都喜欢唱歌，但都不擅长。 考查主谓一致。enjoy 享受 、欣赏；prefer 较喜欢；is 是（be的三单形式）；are（用于第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时）是。本题中all the family指所有家庭成员，其后接谓语动词用复数形式；both of后接谓语动词也为复数形式；而neither of后接谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。 4．________ foreign players, including Chinese player, in the NBA _______ increased. A．A number of; has B．The number of; have C．A number of; have D．The number of; has 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语、形容词短语、the number of、a number of 【详解】句意：在NBA，包括中国球员在内的外国球员的数量有所增加。 考查形容词短语以及主谓一致。a number of许多；the number of……的数量。根据“increased”可知，此处指球员的数量有所增加，the number of跟复数名词连用作主语时，动词用三单，故选D。 5．The population of China is ________ and about 70 percent of the population ________ farmers. A．small; is B．large; are C．little; are D．much; is 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】large、much、small、little(adj. 小的)、形容词辨析、分数或百分数+of+名词作主语 【详解】句意：中国人口众多，大约70%的人口是农民。 考查形容词辨析及主谓一致。small小的；large大的；little少的；much许多的。形容人口用small或large，根据“The population of China”及常识可知中国人口多，用large；再由“about 70 percent of the population”可知此处表示人口的70%，用be动词are。故选B。 6．Neither Jack nor I ________ interested in painting. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】neither...nor、be动词、is、be(am/is/are)、are、am 【详解】句意：杰克和我都对油画不感兴趣。 考查主谓一致。neither…nor…意为“……既不，……也不”，当连接两个主语时，遵循“就近原则”，谓语动词在人称和数上和相邻近的主语一致。此处与I邻近，谓语动词与I一致，be动词用am。故选B。 7．Not only I but also he ________ Hainan before. A．has been to B． have been to C． has gone to D． have gone to 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】not only...but also、have been to（或in)/have gone to区别 【详解】句意：不仅我，而且他以前也去过海南。 考查主谓一致以及动词时态。have/has been to去过某地（已回来）；have/has gone to去了某地（未回来）。根据“Not only I but also he … Hainan before”可知，曾经去过海南，现在已经回来了，排除C和D选项。not only…but also连接并列主语时，谓语动词与离其最近的主语he单复数保持一致，故助动词用has，故选A。 8．Neither Jim nor Tom _______ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】neither...nor、have been to（或in)/have gone to区别、neither…nor… 【详解】句意：Jim和Tom以前都没有去过澳大利亚，但是他们对那个国家非常了解。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。has gone to去了某地，主语为第三人称单数；has been to去过某地，主语是第三人称单数；have gone to去了某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数；have been to去过某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数。根据句意可知，这里表示“去过某地”，先排除A和C。主语是有Neither…nor连接的，谓语动词的单复数形式应根据就近原则，与Tom一致，用单数，故选B。 9．Yang Liwei, together with 13 other pilots of the PLA Air Force, ________ to be an astronaut in January, 1998. A．is chosen B．are chosen C．were chosen D．was chosen 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】with/along with/together with、一般过去时的被动语态、choose(chose chosen) 【详解】句意：1998年1月，杨利伟与空军其他13名中国人民解放军空军飞行员一起被选为航天员。 考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。根据“in January, 1998”可知句子使用一般过去时，主语Yang Liwei和谓语choose之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，根据“Yang Liwei, together with 13 other pilots...”可知句子的谓语和前面的名词保持一致，故此处be动词用was。故选D。 10．—________ of the city ________ covered with parks and gardens. —Wow, it’s really a green city. A．Three fifth; is B．Three fifths; is C．Three fifths; are D．Three fifths; are 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】分数或百分数+of+名词作主语、分数表达 【详解】句意：——五分之三的城市被公园和花园所覆盖。——哇，它真的是一个绿色的城市。 考查分数和主谓一致。分数表达是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如果分子大于1，分母要加s，所以五分之三的正确表达为：three fifths。另外注意分数修饰名词时，谓语动词由分数修饰的名词决定单复数，题干中“city”为单数，故用单数is。故选B。 11．—I wonder if Miss Zhang ________ to our class party. —I’m sure she will come if she ________ available on Friday evening. A．will come; will be B．comes; is C．will come; is D．comes; will be 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、be动词、条件状语从句的主将从现、will/shall do结构、is、come(came come) 【详解】句意：——我想知道张小姐是否会来参加我们的班级聚会。——如果她周五晚上有空，我肯定她会来的。 考查动词时态辨析。分析句子结构，前句if表示“是否”，引导的是宾语从句；由wonder可知事情还没有发生，从句需用一般将来时will do结构，可排除CD两项。后句if表示“如果”，引导的是条件状语从句，时态遵循主将从现；从句主语she是单数第三人称，系词需用is，故选C。 12．Within just 10 days, a new 1,000-bed hospital for novel coronavirus patients________ in Wuhan. A．is built B．was built C．were built D．are built 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、一般过去时的被动语态 【详解】句意：短短10天时间，武汉建成了一座拥有1000张床位的新型冠状病毒患者医院。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“a new 1,000-bed hospital”做主语可知，医院与动词“建设”是被动关系，又因时间状语“Within just 10 days”暗示已经发生，时态用一般过去时；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+done, 主语中心词hospital是单数形式，所以用was built。故选B。 13．________the students in this school ________ been over 1000. A．A number of; has B．A number of; have C．The number of; has D．The number of; have 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语、the number of、a number of 【详解】句意：这个学校的学生人数已超过1000人。 考查主谓一致。a number of许多，大量，后加可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of……的数量，后加可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。分析句子结构可知，句子时态为现在完成时，第一空使用the number of表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，因此第二空，使用助动词has。故选C。 14．—Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A．were saved B．was saved C．have saved D．has been saved 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】including、一般过去时的被动语态、save (拯救) 【详解】句意：——你有没有听说那起校车事故？——嗯，幸运的是，车上所有的人包括司机在内都获救了。 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。由题干中的“Have you heard...”可知，事故发生在过去，且 “车上所有的人”和save逻辑上构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done，主语“all on board including the driver”遵循就远原则，所以助动词用were；故选A。 15．Look! There ________ a pair of glasses and two boxes on the table. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示经常性动作/状态、There be 【详解】句意：看！桌子上有一副眼镜和两个盒子。根据“Look!”可知要用一般现在时，There be句型遵循就近一致原则，be动词与“a pair of glasses”的数保持一致，由“a pair”可知要用is。故选A。 16．—How do you like the two pairs of shoes? —They don't fit me. They are ________too big ________too small. A．not only…but also… B．neither…nor… C．either…or… D．prefer…to… 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】either or 【详解】句意： ——你认为这两双鞋怎样？——他们不适合我。他们要么太大要么太小。 考查并列连词。not only…but also不但……而且；neither…nor 既不……也不；either…or或者……或者；prefer…to…比起……更喜欢……。根据回答“They don’t fit me.”可知，它们不适合我，因此“或者太大了，或者太小”符合语境。故选C。 【点睛】either or 与 neither nor用作连词时容易混淆，用法如下：构成短语 either…or… 与 neither…nor…，分别表示“要么……要么……,或者……或者……”和“既不…… 也不……，既非 …… 也非 ……”。常用来连接两个并列成分，如并列主语、并列谓语等。但应注意以下几点：1 .无论 either…or… 还是 neither…nor…，在连接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，后面动词用单数。2 .若连接两个复数名词作主语，后面动词用复数。3 .如果一个单数名词和一个复数名词一起作主语时，动词的单复数形式必须和最靠近的一个主语保持一致，人称代词作主语也一样。 17．A large crowd of people _________ waiting _________ the bus stop. A．are; for B．is; for C．are; at D．is; at 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】集合名词作主语、地点方位介词 【详解】句意：一大群人在公共汽车站等着。 考查主谓一致与介词。a large crowd of people，people是集合名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，即be动词are；“the bus stop”公共汽车站，地点名词，其前应加表示地点的介词at。故选C。 18．— I hear Jim will go to Guilin by himself. — That’s true. _______ his father _______ his mother will go there with him. A．Both; and B．Not only; but also C．Neither; nor D．Either; or 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】并列连词辨析、neither...nor 【详解】句意：——我听说吉姆将独自去桂林。——那是真的。他的父亲和母亲都不会和他一起。 考查连词辨析。A.……和……；B.不仅……而且；C.既不……也不；D.要么……要么。根据“Jim will go to Guilin by himself.”可知，吉姆一个人去桂林，所以他的爸妈都不会陪同，两者都否定用Neither…nor，故选C。 19．Eighty percent of the money ________ spent recycling the rubbish. A．has B．have C．has been D．have been 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】分数或百分数+of+名词作主语、现在完成时的被动语态 【详解】句意：百分之八十的钱都花在回收垃圾上了。 考查主谓一致和被动语态。分数或百分数+of+名词作主语，单数意义；money （钱）是不可数名词，是动词spend（花费）的受动者，需用“has done”被动语态结构，故选C。 20．The boys ____________ from America like China A．who is B．are C．which is D．who are 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】who引导限制性定语从句、其他语法一致形式 【详解】句意：这些来自美国的男孩喜欢中国。考查定语从句。本句是主谓宾结构，可排除B项。空白处做主语the boys的后置定语，先行词the boys是人，不可用which（用于先行词是物时），需用who引导；the boys是复数人称，系词需用are；根据句意结构，可知选D。 1．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看！桌子上有一个笔记本和三把钥匙。 考查there be和时态。根据“Look!”可知，句子是一般现在时；there be遵循就近原则，离be动词最近的主语是a notebook，应用is。故选A。 2．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）There ________ no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add ________ to the salad. A．is; them B．are; them C．are; it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：购物清单上没有酸奶也没有西红柿。我们需要把它们加到沙拉里。 考查there be和代词辨析。there be句型遵循就近原则，yogurt是不可数名词，be动词用is；them它们；it它。空处指代酸奶和西红柿，应用them。故选A。 3．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）My mother with her students ________ to voluneer at the old people’s home next week. A．is going B．are going C．goes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈和她的学生下周要去养老院参加志愿者活动。考查时态和主谓一致。根据“next week”可知句子用一般将来时be going to，with连接的成分作主语时，遵循就远原则，根据“My mother”可知be动词用is。故选A。 1．（2025·云南昆明·模拟预测）—Why can’t I say what I want to say? —Please be patient. Only one of the students ________ to speak at a time. A．allows B．allowed C．is allowed D．are allowed 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、其他语法一致形式 【详解】句意：——为什么我不能说我想说的话？——请耐心点。一次只允许一个学生发言。 考查被动语态和主谓一致。本句时态为一般现在时，one of the students是动作allow的承受者，要用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。主语是“one of the students”，谓语动词应用三单。故选C。 2．（2025·云南昆明·三模）Hanging the couplets ________ one of the traditional customs during the Chinese New Year. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】am、are、be(am/is/are)、is、动名词/不定代词作主语 【详解】句意：挂春联是中国新年期间的传统习俗之一。    考查主谓一致。be是动词原形；am用于第一人称单数；is用于第三人称单数或不可数名词；are用于第二人称或复数主语。根据“Hanging the couplets”可知，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故选C。     3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Not only Tim but also the twins B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Bill as well as his friends D．Either Anita or Jack 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】as well as、either or、neither...nor、not only...but also、as well as/such as 【详解】句意：不仅Tim而且那对双胞胎在他们的空闲时间都着迷听流行音乐。 考查主谓一致。Not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“twins”表示复数，be动词用are；Neither...nor意为“两者都不”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“Tom”是单数，be动词用is；as well as意为“也”，be动词遵循“就远原则”，“Bill”是单数，be动词用is；Either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“Jack”是单数，be动词用is。故选A。 4．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）—I heard that there ______ a football match between Class 1 and Class 5 the day after tomorrow. —Really? Let’s watch it together then. A．will be B．is going to have C．will have D．are going to be 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】There be、will/shall do结构 【详解】句意： ——我听说后天一班和五班之间会有一场足球比赛。 ——真的吗？那我们一起去看看吧。   考查there be句型的将来时表达。there will be是there be句型的将来时表达；there is going to have是错误形式；there will have是错误形式；there are going to be搭配复数名词。根据时间状语“the day after tomorrow”可知，此处需用将来时；主语“a football match”是单数。故选A。 5．（2025·上海闵行·三模）With the joint efforts of all the environment-minded people, the number of newly-planted trees ________ dramatically during the past ten years. A．has risen B．have risen C．has raised D．have raised 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】rise、动词辨析、a number of/the number of作主语 【详解】句意：在所有环保人士的共同努力下，过去十年中新种植的树木数量大幅增加。 考查主谓一致和动词辨析。rise表示太阳，月亮，数量等“升起，增长”，为不及物动词；raise表示工资，价格，地位等“提高”，为及物动词。根据“the number of newly-planted trees”可知，此处表示数量增加，且空后没有宾语，应用不及物动词rise；“the number of+名词复数”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A。 6．（2025·甘肃定西·二模）—Why were you absent from the basketball training yesterday? —Because there ________ an important examination. A．are B．were C．is D．was 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】There be、过去发生的动作/状态、第三人称单数作主语 【详解】句意：——昨天的篮球训练你为什么没来？——因为有一个重要的考试。 考查There be句型的一般过去时。主语“an important examination”是单数，且根据“yesterday”可知动作发生在过去，be动词用was。故选D。 7．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）________ the students in our school is about three thousand. Look!________ them are planting trees. A．A number of; The number of B．A number of; A number of C．The number of; The number of D．The number of; A number of 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】a number of、the number of、a number of/the number of作主语 【详解】句意：我们学校的学生数量大约是三千人。看！他们中的许多人正在植树。 考查a/the number of用法。a number of +可数名词复数，表示“许多的，大量的”，谓语动词用复数；the number of +可数名词复数，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。根据题干可知，第一空指的是学生的数量；第二空指的是许多学生。故选D。 8．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】is、as well as、as well as/such as 【详解】句意：——Tom和他的朋友们都对机器人很感兴趣。——他们经常在一起制作机器人模型。 考查主谓一致。is用于主语为第三人称单数；are用于主语为复数；was为is和am的过去式；were为are的过去式。根据语境可知，谈论的是一般的状况，句子用一般现在时；主语后有 as well as 连接的其他名词时，谓语动词的数由第一个主语决定；句子主语是Tom，第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选A。 9．（2025·山东东营·一模）Chinese paper-cutting is a traditional art form. It can ______ show beautiful patterns ______ express people’s wishes for good luck and happiness. A．neither... nor... B．not... but... C．either... or... D．not only... but also... 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】not only...but also、并列连词辨析 【详解】句意：中国剪纸是一种传统艺术形式。它不仅能展示美丽的图案，还能表达人们对好运和幸福的祝愿。 考查连词辨析。neither... nor...既不……也不……；not... but...不是……而是……；either... or...要么……要么……；not only... but also...不仅……而且……。根据“It can...show beautiful patterns...express people’s wishes for good luck and happiness.”可知，剪纸兼具展示图案和表达祝福双重功能，表示两者都肯定。故选D。 10．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）—When are you going to visit Suqian SanTai Mountain Park? —I haven’t decided. ________ this Sunday ________ next Sunday is OK. I am free these two days. A．Not; but B．Neither; nor C．Either, or D．Both; and 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】either or、并列连词辨析 【详解】句意：——你打算什么时候去参观宿迁三台山公园？——我还没决定。要么这个星期天要么下个星期天都可以。这两天我有空。   考查连词短语辨析。Not... but...不是……而是……；Neither... nor...既不……也不……，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，表示否定意义；Either... or...表示“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，表示选择关系；Both... and...表示“……和……都”，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示肯定意义。  根据“I haven’t decided.”以及“I am free these two days.”可知，说话人还没决定具体时间，这个星期天或者下个星期天都行，是在这两天中选择一天，所以用“Either... or...”符合语境r。故选C。 11．（2025·四川广元·二模）The number of people going traveling ________ increasing these days, because a number of people________ to enjoy the beautiful autumn outdoors. A．are; plan B．are; plans C．is; plan D．is; plans 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语 【详解】句意：这些天外出旅行的人数正在增加，因为许多人计划享受户外美丽的秋天。 考查a number of/the number of作主语。“The number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数所以第一空用is；“a number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，所以第二空用plan，故选C。 12．（2025·吉林长春·模拟预测）There _________ a robot in every classroom in the future. A．is B．was C．will be D．be 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】There be、will/shall do结构 【详解】句意：将来每个教室都会有一个机器人。 考查There be句型。此句是There be句型，根据“in the future”可知，用一般将来时。其构成形式为There will be或There is/are going to be。故选C。 13．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Reading fiction is ________ entertaining ________ develops critical thinking skills. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．not; but D．not only; but also 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】not only…but (also)…、not only...but also、并列连词辨析 【详解】句意： 阅读小说不仅具有娱乐性，还能培养批判性思维能力。 考查连词辨析。neither…nor…既不……也不……；either…or…要么……要么……；not…but…不是……而是……；not only…but also…不仅……而且……。根据“Reading fiction is…entertaining…develops critical thinking skills.”可知，此处指阅读小说不仅具有娱乐性，还能培养批判性思维能力。故选D。 14．（2025·天津东丽·模拟预测）About ________ of the students in the town ________ to school by bus. A．two fifth; go B．two fifths; goes C．two fifth; goes D．two fifths; go 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】分数表达、分数或百分数+of+名词作主语 【详解】句意：这个镇上大约五分之二的学生乘公交车去上学。 考查分数的表达和主谓一致。分数的表达方法是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母序数词要用复数。此处五分之二应表达为two fifths；“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据of后名词的单复数来确定，这里students是复数形式，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故选D。 15．（2025·江苏常州·一模）The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】两者相比较（语境）、其他语法一致形式 【详解】句意：近年来，一些欧洲国家的人口正在减少。许多年轻人正在搬到大城市。 考查主谓一致。The population作主语，谓语动词用单数，根据“Many young people are moving to big cities.”可知，是人口变少了，用small的比较级smaller。故选B。 16．（2025·上海徐汇·模拟预测）________ the students ________ the teacher knows the answer to this difficult question. So pity! A．Both...and B．Either…or C．Neither...nor D．Not only...but also 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】neither...nor 【详解】句意：学生和老师都不知道这个难题的答案。太可惜了！ 考查连词辨析。Both...and两者都；Either…or或者……或者；Neither...nor既不……也不；Not only...but also不但……而且。根据“So pity!”可知，学生和老师都不知道这个难题的答案。故选C。 17．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）Not only Ben but also Bob ________ busy with their computer games all the time. They always say these games can help them learn much knowledge. A．are B．is C．am D．were 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示经常性动作/状态、not only...but also 【详解】句意：不仅Ben，而且Bob也一直忙于电脑游戏。他们总是说这些游戏可以帮助他们学到很多知识。 考查主谓一致。“not only...but also...”连接主语时，使用“就近原则”，即主语单复数由but also后的名词或代词决定，句中Bob是三单，且根据“always”可知，用一般现在时，故选B。 18．（2025·上海浦东新·三模）Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _________ for future use. A．is saved B．are saved C．was saved D．have been saved 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、其他语法一致形式 【详解】句意：简花了一半的零用钱用来买书。剩下的存起来以后用。 考查一般现在时的被动语态及主谓一致。由“spends”可知，句子应用一般现在时；又由“The rest”可知，此处是指剩下的零用钱，零用钱与动词“save”存在被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词过去分词，钱为不可数名词，be动词用is。故选A。 19．（2025·辽宁营口·模拟预测）A number of tourists ________ Dongli Lake many times because it is such a beautiful place. A．have been to B．has been to C．has gone to D．have gone to 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】have been to（或in)/have gone to区别、a number of/the number of作主语 【详解】句意：好多游客去过东丽湖很多次，因为它是一个如此美丽的地方。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。现在完成时结构“have/has+动词的过去分词”。have been to表示去过，可以重复；have gone to表示去了还未返回。根据题意，本题应用have been to。主语“A number of tourists”为复数名词，助动词应用have。故选A。 20．（2025·广西河池·三模）Not only Jenny’s parents but also her brother ________ London. They will come back in a month. A．has been to B．have been to C．has gone to D．have gone to 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】have been to（或in)/have gone to区别、not only...but also 【详解】句意：不仅珍妮的父母去了伦敦，而且她的哥哥也去了。他们将在一个月后回来。 考查have been to/have gone to区别。have been to去过某地（已经回来）；have gone to去了某地（还没回来）。根据“Not only Jenny’s parents but also her brother”可知，遵循就近原则，助动词用has；再者根据“They will come back in a month.”可知，去了伦敦还没有回来；故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 焦点10 主谓一致 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过 主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 一、语法一致原则 语法一致是指主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 1、一般情况下，主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 2、动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。、 3、 ①复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ②neither of ... / none  of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。 ③either指“两者之中任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。either of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。 ④each作同位语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的数；each of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 4、当用both ... and ... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。当and连接的两个名词表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式；当表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 5、当主语后面跟有with, except, including, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式由主语的单、复数形式决定。 6、一些由两部分构成的表示物体的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如shoes, trousers, jeans, scissors, chopsticks等。但如果这些名词前有量词如pair等修饰时，谓语动词的数与量词保持一致。 7、 1 “a (large / small) number of + 复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ②. “分数 / 百分数+ of + 名词”和“the rest / most of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由名词决定。 二、意义一致原则 1. 意义一致的一般用法 形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数名词如the police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。 The police were called in. 警察被召来了。 【注意】people 作“民族”讲时，其单数形式为people，复数形式为peoples，作主语时应用语法一致原则。 The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。 56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。 2. 主语是指一类人的“the+形容词(或过去分词)”时，谓语动词通常用复数。 这类词有：the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the unemployed 等。 另外，像the Chinese，the British，the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称，作主语时，谓语动词也用复数。 The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。 The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。 ①The + 形容词指人做主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。 The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich. 过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。 The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital. 伤员在医院受到了很好的照顾。 ②The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 The decayed has been thrown away. 腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。 ③形式上为复数，而意义上却是单数的名词，如news，mathematics，physics，politics，economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。 His "Selected Poems" was first published in 1965. 他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。 三、就近一致原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词 Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。 Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。 1、连词or，not…but…，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。 Not his parents but he doesn't want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。 Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。 Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个秘密吗?（注意疑问句中助动词保持就近） 2、当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。 There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。 There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盘子里有两个梨子，一些桔子和一个苹果。 1．The book is __________ interesting __________ educational. A．so...that B．either...or C．not only...but also D．neither...nor 2．This pair of shoes ________ my mum and they ________ very comfortable. A．was made with; are felt B．were made from; are felt C．were made of; was felt D．was made by; feel 3．—All the family ________ skating except the twins. —That’s true. Both of them ________ singing, but neither of them ________ good at it. A．enjoy; prefers; are B．enjoys; prefer; is C．enjoys; prefers; are D．enjoy; prefer; is 4．________ foreign players, including Chinese player, in the NBA _______ increased. A．A number of; has B．The number of; have C．A number of; have D．The number of; has 5．The population of China is ________ and about 70 percent of the population ________ farmers. A．small; is B．large; are C．little; are D．much; is 6．Neither Jack nor I ________ interested in painting. A．be B．am C．is D．are 7．Not only I but also he ________ Hainan before. A．has been to B． have been to C． has gone to D． have gone to 8．Neither Jim nor Tom _______ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 9．Yang Liwei, together with 13 other pilots of the PLA Air Force, ________ to be an astronaut in January, 1998. A．is chosen B．are chosen C．were chosen D．was chosen 10．—________ of the city ________ covered with parks and gardens. —Wow, it’s really a green city. A．Three fifth; is B．Three fifths; is C．Three fifths; are D．Three fifths; are 11．—I wonder if Miss Zhang ________ to our class party. —I’m sure she will come if she ________ available on Friday evening. A．will come; will be B．comes; is C．will come; is D．comes; will be 12．Within just 10 days, a new 1,000-bed hospital for novel coronavirus patients________ in Wuhan. A．is built B．was built C．were built D．are built 13．________the students in this school ________ been over 1000. A．A number of; has B．A number of; have C．The number of; has D．The number of; have 14．—Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A．were saved B．was saved C．have saved D．has been saved 15．Look! There ________ a pair of glasses and two boxes on the table. A．is B．are C．was D．were 16．—How do you like the two pairs of shoes? —They don't fit me. They are ________too big ________too small. A．not only…but also… B．neither…nor… C．either…or… D．prefer…to… 17．A large crowd of people _________ waiting _________ the bus stop. A．are; for B．is; for C．are; at D．is; at 18．— I hear Jim will go to Guilin by himself. — That’s true. _______ his father _______ his mother will go there with him. A．Both; and B．Not only; but also C．Neither; nor D．Either; or 19．Eighty percent of the money ________ spent recycling the rubbish. A．has B．have C．has been D．have been 20．The boys ____________ from America like China A．who is B．are C．which is D．who are 1．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A．is B．was C．are D．were 2．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）There ________ no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add ________ to the salad. A．is; them B．are; them C．are; it 3．（2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）My mother with her students ________ to voluneer at the old people’s home next week. A．is going B．are going C．goes 1．（2025·云南昆明·模拟预测）—Why can’t I say what I want to say? —Please be patient. Only one of the students ________ to speak at a time. A．allows B．allowed C．is allowed D．are allowed 2．（2025·云南昆明·三模）Hanging the couplets ________ one of the traditional customs during the Chinese New Year. A．be B．am C．is D．are 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Not only Tim but also the twins B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Bill as well as his friends D．Either Anita or Jack 4．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）—I heard that there ______ a football match between Class 1 and Class 5 the day after tomorrow. —Really? Let’s watch it together then. A．will be B．is going to have C．will have D．are going to be 5．（2025·上海闵行·三模）With the joint efforts of all the environment-minded people, the number of newly-planted trees ________ dramatically during the past ten years. A．has risen B．have risen C．has raised D．have raised 6．（2025·甘肃定西·二模）—Why were you absent from the basketball training yesterday? —Because there ________ an important examination. A．are B．were C．is D．was 7．（2025·西藏拉萨·一模）________ the students in our school is about three thousand. Look!________ them are planting trees. A．A number of; The number of B．A number of; A number of C．The number of; The number of D．The number of; A number of 8．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 9．（2025·山东东营·一模）Chinese paper-cutting is a traditional art form. It can ______ show beautiful patterns ______ express people’s wishes for good luck and happiness. A．neither... nor... B．not... but... C．either... or... D．not only... but also... 10．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）—When are you going to visit Suqian SanTai Mountain Park? —I haven’t decided. ________ this Sunday ________ next Sunday is OK. I am free these two days. A．Not; but B．Neither; nor C．Either, or D．Both; and 11．（2025·四川广元·二模）The number of people going traveling ________ increasing these days, because a number of people________ to enjoy the beautiful autumn outdoors. A．are; plan B．are; plans C．is; plan D．is; plans 12．（2025·吉林长春·模拟预测）There _________ a robot in every classroom in the future. A．is B．was C．will be D．be 13．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Reading fiction is ________ entertaining ________ develops critical thinking skills. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．not; but D．not only; but also 14．（2025·天津东丽·模拟预测）About ________ of the students in the town ________ to school by bus. A．two fifth; go B．two fifths; goes C．two fifth; goes D．two fifths; go 15．（2025·江苏常州·一模）The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 16．（2025·上海徐汇·模拟预测）________ the students ________ the teacher knows the answer to this difficult question. So pity! A．Both...and B．Either…or C．Neither...nor D．Not only...but also 17．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）Not only Ben but also Bob ________ busy with their computer games all the time. They always say these games can help them learn much knowledge. A．are B．is C．am D．were 18．（2025·上海浦东新·三模）Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _________ for future use. A．is saved B．are saved C．was saved D．have been saved 19．（2025·辽宁营口·模拟预测）A number of tourists ________ Dongli Lake many times because it is such a beautiful place. A．have been to B．has been to C．has gone to D．have gone to 20．（2025·广西河池·三模）Not only Jenny’s parents but also her brother ________ London. They will come back in a month. A．has been to B．have been to C．has gone to D．have gone to 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$