专题19 情态动词（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题19 情态动词 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 情态动词 can 和 could 的用法 【知能解读 02 】 情态动词 may 和 might 的用法 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 情态动词 must 和 have to 的用法 【重难点突破 0 2 】 情态动词 shall, should 和 ought to 的用法 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 情态动词 will 和 would 的用法 【易混易错 0 2 】 情态动词 need 和 dare 的用法 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展】 情态动词 +have done 的用法 ) 01 情态动词can和could的用法 1.表示“能力”时，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 The machine can work 24 hours a day. 这台机器能全天 24 小时运行。 When I was in college, I could stay up all night studying. 上大学时，我能通宵学习。 2.表示“推测”时，can用于否定句中，can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。 She can't be in the library. I just saw her leave the school. 她不可能在图书馆。我刚看见她离开学校了。 This could be the right answer, but let's check again. 这可能是正确答案，但我们再检查一下吧。 3.表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。 Can you help me carry this bag? 你能帮我提这个包吗？ Could you please open the window? 您能开一下窗户吗？ 4.could have done表示“本可以做某事”；couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 She could have told me the truth, but she chose to lie. 她本可以告诉我真相，但她选择了撒谎。 They couldn’t have arrived yet. The flight was delayed for 3 hours. 他们不可能已经到了。航班延误了 3 小时。 5.be able to do表示“能够做某事”，不能与 can连用，但有更多时态。was/were able to do 表示过去能够而且做到了某事。 He has been able to solve the problem after several attempts. 经过几次尝试，他终于能解决这个问题了。 The firefighters were able to save all the people in the burning building. 消防员成功救出了着火大楼里的所有人。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. — the traffic accident have happened last evening？ —Yes.The man was badly injured in the accident. 2. I thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 3. She didn’t come to school yesterday. she have been ill? 4. You could (claim) the cost of the hotel room from your insurance, but you didn’t. 5. I (pass) my exam, but I made too many stupid mistakes. 02 情态动词may和might的用法 1.may和might可用于肯定句中表示“许可”，用在疑问句中表示“请求”。 May I leave early today? 我今天可以早点走吗？ You might borrow the car if you ask politely. 如果你礼貌请求，或许可以借到车。 2. might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小，把握把握不大。may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。 He might be busy, but I’m not sure. 他可能很忙，但我不确定。 She may have forgotten the meeting. 她可能忘了开会这件事。 3.may/might well do sth意为“很可能”, may/might as well do sth.表示建议，意为“不妨做某事”。 She might well be late. The traffic is terrible today. 她很可能会迟到。今天交通太堵了。 You may as well take an umbrella. It looks like rain. 你不妨带把伞。天看起来要下雨了。 4.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿，意为“祝你……！”。 May you have a safe journey! 祝你旅途平安！ May peace follow you wherever you go! 愿平安与你同在！ 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad. 2. I have a word with you? It won’t take long. 3. Liza well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling. 4. He come to the party tonight, but he isn’t sure. 5. Her appearance has changed so much that you well not recognize her. 01 情态动词must和have to的用法 1.must表示“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度，否定式为mustn't，意为“不允许，禁止。 You must finish your homework before dinner. 你必须在晚饭前完成作业。 You mustn't smoke in the library. 禁止在图书馆吸烟。 2.must表示“推测”，意为“一定是，准是"，只用于肯定句中。must be doing肯定正在做某事；must have done表示对过去发生的事情肯定判断，表示“肯定已经做了”。 You’ve been working all day. You must be tired. 你工作了一整天，一定很累。 He didn’t answer the phone. He must be taking a shower. 他没接电话，一定在洗澡。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的，昨晚一定下过雨。 3.have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，否定式为don’t have to，相当于needn't。 They had to walk home because the bus didn’t come. 公交车没来，他们不得不步行回家。 He doesn’t have to finish the report today. It’s due next week. 他不必今天完成报告，截止日期是下周。 4.must表示“偏要”，指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。用于表达说话人对某人固执行为或不合时宜的情况的不满、不耐烦或责备，强调“对方偏偏要这样做”，隐含“本不该如此却执意为之”的情绪。 The car must break down on the highway! 车子偏要在高速上抛锚！ If you must go out tonight, at least take an umbrella. 如果你今晚偏要出去，至少带把伞。 Why must you leave the door open? It’s freezing outside! 你为什么偏要把门开着？外面冷死了！ 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Johnny, you not play with the knife. you hurt yourself. 2. —May I smoke here? —If you , choose a seat in the smoking section. 3. Wendy was dancing with joy. She must (win) the gold medal in the tournament. 4. I didn’t hear the phone. I have been asleep. 5. You (be) Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. 02 情态动词shall, should和ought to的用法 1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。 Shall we go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后我们去散步好吗？ Shall the report be sent to you by email? 这份报告用邮件发给你可以吗？ 2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。 He shall have the book by tomorrow, I promise. 我保证他明天之前会拿到这本书。 Whoever breaks the law shall be held responsible. 任何违法者都必须承担责任。 3.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”；should还可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多用于It is necessary that…句型。 The train should arrive at 9:30. It’s never late. 火车按道理 9:30 到，它从不晚点。 It’s ridiculous that he should lie to his own parents. 他居然对自己的父母撒谎，太荒谬了。 4.should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 She should have accepted the job offer. It was a great opportunity. 她本应该接受那份工作的，那是个好机会。 He shouldn’t have driven so fast. Now he’s got a speeding ticket. 他本不该开那么快的，现在收到超速罚单了。 5.should/ought to表示责任，义务，意为“应该”，否定式为should not/ ought not to。 You ought to apologize for your rudeness. 你应该为你的粗鲁道歉。 As a manager, you ought to have addressed the problem earlier. 作为经理，你本应该更早处理这个问题。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. No reader take a book out of the library without permission of the librarian. 2. It has been announced that candidates remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 3. Don’t worry,you get the answer this afternoon. 4. What do you mean? There are only ten tickets? There be twelve. 5. You can’t imagine a well-behaved man be so rude to a lady. 6. She ought (stop) work; she has a headache because she has been reading all day long. 7. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 8. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought (build) a life and made our fortunes. 9. Only when the results came out did he realize that he should (devote) himself to his studies, but it was too late. 10. I shouldn’t (stay) up last night, or I wouldn’t be so sleepy now. 01 情态动词will和would的用法 1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。 Will you call me when you arrive? 你到了之后给我打个电话好吗？ Would you help me with this form? 您能帮我填一下这张表吗？ 2. will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。 He will not listen to anyone’s advice. 他不肯听任何人的劝告。 He would often sit by the window, lost in thought. 他过去常常坐在窗边发呆。 3.will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示委婉语气。 Will you wait for me at the entrance? 你能在入口处等我吗？ Would you like to have a cup of tea? 您想喝杯茶吗？ 4.would have done多用于虚拟条件句或含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。 We would have arrived on time if the bus hadn’t broken down. 如果公交车没坏，我们本会准时到的。 Without your help, I wouldn’t have finished the project. 没有你的帮助，我本完不成这个项目的。 5.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不”。另外，would do还可以表示过去将来时； would用于一般疑问句，表示委婉的用法。Would you please….?请你……好吗？Would you like to do…? 你想……吗？Would you mind doing…? 你介意……吗？Would you rather do…?你倒愿意……吗？ Would you pass the menu, please? 请您把菜单递给我好吗？ Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 您介意等几分钟吗？ Would you please open the door? 您能开一下门吗？ 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Don’t get this kind of ink on your shirt, for it ______ wash out. 2. It was said that the old lady sit under the big tree, waiting for her son to return from the front. 3. We (give) you a helping hand, but we didn’t know you were in trouble at that time. 4. It’s a pity that you were late, otherwise you (see) the star from Korea. 5. Without your help, I would not (win) first prize in the contest last term. 02 情态动词need和dare的用法 1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。 She needn’t worry about the exam—she’s well-prepared. 她没必要担心考试，她准备得很充分。 She needn’t have hurried to the airport. The flight was delayed for 2 hours. 她本没必要急着去机场，航班延误了 2 小时。 2.need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。 Do they need to book a hotel in advance? 他们需要提前预订酒店吗？ The broken window needs to be repaired. 这扇破窗户需要被修理。 3.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。I dare say...意为“我想,大概,可能,或许……”。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢独自外出。 Dare he speak in front of the whole class? 他敢在全班面前发言吗？ She dared not go out alone when she was a child. 她小时候不敢独自外出。 4.dare用作实意动词，接名不定式作宾语。 She didn’t dare (to) tell him the bad news. 她不敢告诉他这个坏消息。 Did they dare (to) argue with the teacher? 他们敢和老师争论吗？ 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. I worry about my weekend — I always have my plans ready before it comes. 2. We suggest the data need (update) every month. 3. He needn’t (take) so much cash with him, you know — that shop accepted checks. 4. But there are still some dishes that Dad not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. 5. You not return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. 情态动词+have done的用法 1.can’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 The baby can’t have eaten a whole cake. She’s only one year old. 宝宝不可能吃掉一整块蛋糕，她才一岁。 He can’t have finished the work in an hour. It’s too complicated. 他不可能一小时内完成这项工作，太复杂了。 2.could have done用于肯定句，表示“本可以做某事”。couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 He could have become a doctor, but he gave up the opportunity. 他本可以成为一名医生，但他放弃了这个机会。 She couldn’t have forgotten your birthday. You reminded her twice. 她不可能忘记你的生日，你提醒过她两次了。 3.may/might have done用于肯定或否定句中，表示对过去的推测，意思是“也许已经┅，可能已经…”。 She may have forgotten our appointment. She’s been really busy lately. 她也许已经忘了我们的约会，她最近太忙了。 He might have made a mistake in the report, but I’m not sure. 他可能在报告里犯了个错，但我不确定。 4. must have done只用于肯定句，表示对过去的推测，意思是“一定已经，想必已经，准是已经….”。 The door is locked. They must have left already. 门锁着，他们一定已经走了。 He didn’t answer the phone. He must have been busy at that moment. 他没接电话，那时候准是在忙。 5. should/ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”; shouldn’t have done表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 You shouldn’t have lied to your parents. They trust you. 你本不该对父母撒谎的，他们信任你。 She shouldn’t have opened your letter without permission. 她本不该未经允许就拆你的信。 6.needn’t have done表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。 We needn’t have prepared so much food. Only five guests came. 我们本没必要准备这么多食物，只来了五位客人。 I needn’t have bought a new umbrella—the old one still works. 我本没必要买新伞的，旧的还能用。 【跟踪训练】下列各题均有一个最佳答案。 1. The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could (express) it indirectly. 2. You have seen Mary at the meeting this morning, because she left for Beijing yesterday. 3. Tom was absent from the meeting. You have informed him of the time. 4. You shouldn’t (go) without telling us. We were really concerned about you. 5. Since nobody gave him any help, he must (fix) the door on his own. It looks good though. 6. He have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. 7. I needn’t (buy)so much wine—only five people came. 8. Xiao Ming was absent yesterday. He might (catch) a cold, but I’m not sure. 9. Suddenly it occurred to me that I have left my suitcase in the taxi. But I was not sure. 10. I couldn’t （go）through that bitter period without your generous help. ( 情态动词 综合能力提升 ) 一、单项选择 1.（2023·天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t 2.（2021·天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made 3.（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you __________drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A. need B. should C. could D. must 4.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 5.（2018·天津·高考卷）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 6.（2020·天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't 7.（2018·天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 8.（2019·天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He _________ many times last week. A. need have practised B. might practise C. must have practised D. could practise 9.（2015·天津卷）I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 10.（2015·重庆卷）You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall 11.（2015·福建卷）—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations. A. must B. can C. would D. should 12.（2014·重庆卷）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not 13.（2017·天津·高考卷）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 14.（2011·重庆卷）—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should 15.（2011·北京卷）—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He ______________come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 二、单句填空。 1.Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I ________ have made six salads with what I threw out. 2. In college I had been taught that a successful educator ________ ignore bad behavior. 3. There were times when we ________ get lunch together and be in the library, working silently side­by­side. 4. It had the soldier's name and army number, so he supposed that the message ________ be real. 5. When you introduce me to the businessman, ________ you please say something for me? 6. Officials say they are not sure exactly what persuaded the elephants to make their long trip; some experts say the elephants ________ have left because their leader ________ have gotten lost. 7. However, it may be not easy to cheer up your friends when you ________ be by their side. 8. A geneticist (遗传学家) says that individuals who are effortlessly thin ________ hold the key to understanding obesity. 9. ________ you make so much noise? 10. With our school's annual Sports Day approaching, I ________ help thinking of my sports experience. 11. I can't find Charlie anywhere; I think the mailman ________ have forgotten to close the gate. 12. Darling, our son has grown up and is quite independent now; you ________ be too concerned about him. 13. I can't understand why he ________ have been so angry; I meant no offence. 14. You ________ not have success right away, but that doesn't mean you ________ have it at all. 15. According to the school rule, no child ________ be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by his or her own parents. 9 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题19 情态动词 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 情态动词 can 和 could 的用法 【知能解读 02 】 情态动词 may 和 might 的用法 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 情态动词 must 和 have to 的用法 【重难点突破 0 2 】 情态动词 shall, should 和 ought to 的用法 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 情态动词 will 和 would 的用法 【易混易错 0 2 】 情态动词 need 和 dare 的用法 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展】 情态动词 +have done 的用法 ) 01 情态动词can和could的用法 1.表示“能力”时，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 The machine can work 24 hours a day. 这台机器能全天 24 小时运行。 When I was in college, I could stay up all night studying. 上大学时，我能通宵学习。 2.表示“推测”时，can用于否定句中，can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。 She can't be in the library. I just saw her leave the school. 她不可能在图书馆。我刚看见她离开学校了。 This could be the right answer, but let's check again. 这可能是正确答案，但我们再检查一下吧。 3.表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。 Can you help me carry this bag? 你能帮我提这个包吗？ Could you please open the window? 您能开一下窗户吗？ 4.could have done表示“本可以做某事”；couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 She could have told me the truth, but she chose to lie. 她本可以告诉我真相，但她选择了撒谎。 They couldn’t have arrived yet. The flight was delayed for 3 hours. 他们不可能已经到了。航班延误了 3 小时。 5.be able to do表示“能够做某事”，不能与 can连用，但有更多时态。was/were able to do 表示过去能够而且做到了某事。 He has been able to solve the problem after several attempts. 经过几次尝试，他终于能解决这个问题了。 The firefighters were able to save all the people in the burning building. 消防员成功救出了着火大楼里的所有人。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. — the traffic accident have happened last evening？ —Yes.The man was badly injured in the accident. 1. Could 解析：考查情态动词。句意：——交通事故可能是昨晚发生的吗？ ——是的。那人在事故中受了重伤。在疑问句中表示过去的推测，应用Could。故填Could。 2. I thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 2. can’t 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们不在家时你对我儿子的帮助，我真是感激不尽。“can not ......too much”表示“再……都不为过”。故填can’t。 3. She didn’t come to school yesterday. she have been ill? 3. Can 解析：考查情态动词。句意：她昨天没来上学。她可能是生病了吗？根据“She didn’t come to school yesterday.”可知，此处表示对过去事实可能性的推测，需用can have done，句首字母需大写。故填Can。 4. You could (claim) the cost of the hotel room from your insurance, but you didn’t. 4. have claimed 解析：考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意：你本可以从你的保险中索取旅馆住房费，但是你没有。根据“but you didn’t”可知此句表示“本可以做某事，但实际上没做”，应用could have done结构，故填have claimed。 5. I (pass) my exam, but I made too many stupid mistakes. 5. could have passed 解析：考查谓语动词。句意：我本来可以通过这次考试的，但是我犯了太多愚蠢的错了。but I made too many stupid mistakes陈述事实，空处表示发生事实相反的假设，要用could have done，表示对过去本来可以做好的事情的遗憾。故填could have passed。 02 情态动词may和might的用法 1.may和might可用于肯定句中表示“许可”，用在疑问句中表示“请求”。 May I leave early today? 我今天可以早点走吗？ You might borrow the car if you ask politely. 如果你礼貌请求，或许可以借到车。 2. might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小，把握把握不大。may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。 He might be busy, but I’m not sure. 他可能很忙，但我不确定。 She may have forgotten the meeting. 她可能忘了开会这件事。 3.may/might well do sth意为“很可能”, may/might as well do sth.表示建议，意为“不妨做某事”。 She might well be late. The traffic is terrible today. 她很可能会迟到。今天交通太堵了。 You may as well take an umbrella. It looks like rain. 你不妨带把伞。天看起来要下雨了。 4.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿，意为“祝你……！”。 May you have a safe journey! 祝你旅途平安！ May peace follow you wherever you go! 愿平安与你同在！ 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad. 1. may/might 解析：考查情态动词。句意：既然交通如此拥挤，我们还是乘地铁去吧。此处是固定搭配：may as well或者might as well‌意为“只好（做）；（做……）也无妨”。故填may或者might。 2. I have a word with you? It won’t take long. 2. Can/May 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我能和你说句话吗？不会花很长时间的。情态动词can/may表示请求，首字母大写。故填Can/May。 3. Liza well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling. 3. may/might 解析：考查情态动词。句意：莉莎很可能不想去旅游——她讨厌旅游。根据设空处后的well可知本空填may或might, may/might well do sth. 相当于 be very likely to do sth. 意为“很可能做某事”，符合句意，故填may/might。 4. He come to the party tonight, but he isn’t sure. 4. may 解析：考查情态动词。句意：他今晚可能会来参加聚会，但他不确定。根据but he isn’t sure可知，句子时态为一般现在时，且表示有可能但不肯定的推测，需用情态动词may。故填may。 5. Her appearance has changed so much that you well not recognize her. 5. may/might 解析：考查情态动词。句意：她的外貌变化太大了，你很可能认不出她来。may/might well“很可能”，固定短语，故填may/might。 01 情态动词must和have to的用法 1.must表示“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度，否定式为mustn't，意为“不允许，禁止。 You must finish your homework before dinner. 你必须在晚饭前完成作业。 You mustn't smoke in the library. 禁止在图书馆吸烟。 2.must表示“推测”，意为“一定是，准是"，只用于肯定句中。must be doing肯定正在做某事；must have done表示对过去发生的事情肯定判断，表示“肯定已经做了”。 You’ve been working all day. You must be tired. 你工作了一整天，一定很累。 He didn’t answer the phone. He must be taking a shower. 他没接电话，一定在洗澡。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的，昨晚一定下过雨。 3.have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，否定式为don’t have to，相当于needn't。 They had to walk home because the bus didn’t come. 公交车没来，他们不得不步行回家。 He doesn’t have to finish the report today. It’s due next week. 他不必今天完成报告，截止日期是下周。 4.must表示“偏要”，指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。用于表达说话人对某人固执行为或不合时宜的情况的不满、不耐烦或责备，强调“对方偏偏要这样做”，隐含“本不该如此却执意为之”的情绪。 The car must break down on the highway! 车子偏要在高速上抛锚！ If you must go out tonight, at least take an umbrella. 如果你今晚偏要出去，至少带把伞。 Why must you leave the door open? It’s freezing outside! 你为什么偏要把门开着？外面冷死了！ 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Johnny, you not play with the knife. you hurt yourself. 1. must, may 解析：考查情态动词。句意：强尼，你不能玩刀子。你可能会伤到自己。分析句子可知，第一空表示的是禁止做某事，禁止玩刀，所以应用must not；第二空表推测，说玩刀也许会伤到自己，所以应用may。故填must；may。 2. —May I smoke here? —If you , choose a seat in the smoking section. 2. must 解析：考查情态动词。句意：——我可以在这里抽烟吗？——如果你非要抽，请选择吸烟区的座位。根据句意，此处指“如果你非要/一定要抽烟的话，请去吸烟区”，must可以表示“非要，偏一定要”。故填must。 3. Wendy was dancing with joy. She must (win) the gold medal in the tournament. 3. have won 解析：考查情态动词。句意：Wendy 高兴地跳着舞。她一定在锦标赛中赢得了金牌。根据“Wendy was dancing with joy(Wendy 高兴地跳着舞)”可知句子表示过去发生的动作，此处表示对过去情况的肯定推测，应用must have done结构。故填have won。 4. I didn’t hear the phone. I have been asleep. 4. must 解析：考查情态动词+have done。句意：我没有听到手机响。我一定是睡着了。分析句子可知，此处考查must have done结构，表示对过去事情的肯定猜测，故应用must have been。故填must。 5. You (be) Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. 5. must be 解析：考查情态动词。句意：你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年过去了，你一点也没变。根据“You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.”可知，是对对方的肯定的推测，所以用情态动词must。故填must be。 02 情态动词shall, should和ought to的用法 1.shall用在第一三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。 Shall we go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后我们去散步好吗？ Shall the report be sent to you by email? 这份报告用邮件发给你可以吗？ 2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。 He shall have the book by tomorrow, I promise. 我保证他明天之前会拿到这本书。 Whoever breaks the law shall be held responsible. 任何违法者都必须承担责任。 3.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”；should还可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多用于It is necessary that…句型。 The train should arrive at 9:30. It’s never late. 火车按道理 9:30 到，它从不晚点。 It’s ridiculous that he should lie to his own parents. 他居然对自己的父母撒谎，太荒谬了。 4.should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 She should have accepted the job offer. It was a great opportunity. 她本应该接受那份工作的，那是个好机会。 He shouldn’t have driven so fast. Now he’s got a speeding ticket. 他本不该开那么快的，现在收到超速罚单了。 5.should/ought to表示责任，义务，意为“应该”，否定式为should not/ ought not to。 You ought to apologize for your rudeness. 你应该为你的粗鲁道歉。 As a manager, you ought to have addressed the problem earlier. 作为经理，你本应该更早处理这个问题。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. No reader take a book out of the library without permission of the librarian. 1. shall 解析：考查情态动词。句意：未经图书管理员许可，任何读者不得将书带出图书馆。空处表示“禁止，不得”，应用情态动词shall，用于第二、三人称时，表示命令、威胁、许诺、警告、规定等。故填shall。 2. It has been announced that candidates remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 2. shall 解析：考查情态动词。句意：已宣布，候选人必须留在座位上，直到所有试卷被收集完毕。shall用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。故填shall。 3. Don’t worry,you get the answer this afternoon. 3. shall 解析：考查情态动词。句意：别着急,今天下午你就可得到答复了。shall在第二人称后表示允诺。故填shall。 4. What do you mean? There are only ten tickets? There be twelve. 4. should 解析：考查情态动词。句意：你什么意思？只有十张票？应该有十二张才对。设空处表示“应该”，应填情态动词should，符合题意。故填should。 5. You can’t imagine a well-behaved man be so rude to a lady. 5. should 解析：考查should用法。句意：你无法想象一个彬彬有礼的男人竟然对一位女士如此粗鲁。结合句意可知，此处表示“竟然”，使用情态动词should，故填should。 6. She ought (stop) work; she has a headache because she has been reading all day long. 6. to stop 解析：考查情态动词。句意：她应该停止工作；她头痛是因为她一整天都在看书。ought to do，表示应该做某事，故填to stop。 7. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 7. should 解析：考查情态动词。句意：他们本应该在午饭时间到达，但他们的航班延误了。设空处应填情态动词，再结合句意“本应该”是should，should have done表示“本应该做，实际却没做”。符合语境。故填should。 8. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought (build) a life and made our fortunes. 8. to have built 解析：考查“情态动词+have done”用法。句意：我们本想，二十年后，我们每个人都应该过上自己的生活，发大财。分析句子可知，句中涉及“情态动词+have done”用法，“ought to have done”意为“本来应该做，但实际上没做”，“build”的过去分词为“built”，故空格处应填“to have built”。故填to have built。 9. Only when the results came out did he realize that he should (devote) himself to his studies, but it was too late. 9. have devoted 解析：考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：只有当结果出来的时候，他才意识到他本应该全身心地投入到他的研究中，但是已经太晚了。结合句意可知，此处表达“本应该做某事而未做”应用should have done。故填have devoted。 10. I shouldn’t (stay) up last night, or I wouldn’t be so sleepy now. 10. have stayed 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我昨晚不应该熬夜，否则我现在也不会这么困了。根据句意及last night和or I wouldn’t be so sleepy now可知，此处表示昨晚本不应该熬夜，事实却相反，应用shouldn’t have done表示“本不应该做某事(但实际上做了)”。故填have stayed。 01 情态动词will和would的用法 1.will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。 Will you call me when you arrive? 你到了之后给我打个电话好吗？ Would you help me with this form? 您能帮我填一下这张表吗？ 2. will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。 He will not listen to anyone’s advice. 他不肯听任何人的劝告。 He would often sit by the window, lost in thought. 他过去常常坐在窗边发呆。 3.will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示委婉语气。 Will you wait for me at the entrance? 你能在入口处等我吗？ Would you like to have a cup of tea? 您想喝杯茶吗？ 4.would have done多用于虚拟条件句或含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。 We would have arrived on time if the bus hadn’t broken down. 如果公交车没坏，我们本会准时到的。 Without your help, I wouldn’t have finished the project. 没有你的帮助，我本完不成这个项目的。 5.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不”。另外，would do还可以表示过去将来时； would用于一般疑问句，表示委婉的用法。Would you please….?请你……好吗？Would you like to do…? 你想……吗？Would you mind doing…? 你介意……吗？Would you rather do…?你倒愿意……吗？ Would you pass the menu, please? 请您把菜单递给我好吗？ Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 您介意等几分钟吗？ Would you please open the door? 您能开一下门吗？ 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Don’t get this kind of ink on your shirt, for it ______ wash out. 1. won’t 解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：别把这种墨水弄到你的衬衫上，因为它将会洗不掉。此处won’t wash out表示“总是洗不掉”。 2. It was said that the old lady sit under the big tree, waiting for her son to return from the front. 2. would 解析：考查情态动词。句意：据说那位老太太总会坐在大树下，等着儿子从前线回来。结合句意可知，此处表示过去反复进行的动作，应用情态动词would。故填would。 3. We (give) you a helping hand, but we didn’t know you were in trouble at that time. 3. would have given 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们本想帮助你的，但我们当时不知道你遇到了麻烦。根据“but we didn’t know you were in trouble at that time.”可知，此处表示对过去事实的虚拟，谓语动词使用“would have done”，表示“本想做某事却没做”。故填would have given。 4. It’s a pity that you were late, otherwise you (see) the star from Korea. 4. would have seen 解析：考查虚拟语气、情态动词+have done。句意：很遗憾你迟到了，否则你就会见到那位来自韩国的明星了。otherwise意为 “否则，要不然”，在这里引导含蓄虚拟条件句。根据It’s a pity that you were late可知，句子表示与过去事实相反的假设（因为已经迟到了，所以实际上没有见到明星）。对于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句的谓语动词要用“would/could/might/should + have done”的形式 ，此处表示“本来会……”，用 would have done结构，see“见到”的过去分词为seen。故填would have seen。 5. Without your help, I would not (win) first prize in the contest last term. 5. have won 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：没有你的帮助，我上学期就不会在比赛中获得一等奖。win“赢”，根据句首“Without your help”及句意和last term可知，本句是与过去事实相反的假设，would have done表示与过去相反的假设，本空用have won。故填have won。 02 情态动词need和dare的用法 1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。 She needn’t worry about the exam—she’s well-prepared. 她没必要担心考试，她准备得很充分。 She needn’t have hurried to the airport. The flight was delayed for 2 hours. 她本没必要急着去机场，航班延误了 2 小时。 2.need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。 Do they need to book a hotel in advance? 他们需要提前预订酒店吗？ The broken window needs to be repaired. 这扇破窗户需要被修理。 3.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。I dare say...意为“我想,大概,可能,或许……”。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢独自外出。 Dare he speak in front of the whole class? 他敢在全班面前发言吗？ She dared not go out alone when she was a child. 她小时候不敢独自外出。 4.dare用作实意动词，接名不定式作宾语。 She didn’t dare (to) tell him the bad news. 她不敢告诉他这个坏消息。 Did they dare (to) argue with the teacher? 他们敢和老师争论吗？ 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. I worry about my weekend — I always have my plans ready before it comes. 1. needn’t 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我不必担心我的周末——我总是在周末到来之前就把计划准备好了。设空处应填情态动词，再结合句意，“不必”是needn’t。故填needn’t。 2. We suggest the data need (update) every month. 2. to be updated/updating 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们建议数据需要每月更新。结合句意可知，data和update是被动关系，所以应用need to be done形式，即to be updated，表示“需要被更新”；也可以用need doing，主动表被动，所以也可以用updating，表示“需要更新”。故填to be updated/updating。 3. He needn’t (take) so much cash with him, you know — that shop accepted checks. 3. have taken 解析：考查固定结构。句意：他本不必带那么多现金，你知道，那家商店接受支票。句中needn’t have done为固定结构，意为“本不必要做某事”。故填have taken。 4. But there are still some dishes that Dad not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. 4. dare 解析：考查情态动词。句意：但有些菜，即使和妈妈结婚这么多年，爸爸也不敢尝试。空后为not try，空处应用情态动词，结合“after many years of marriage to my mother”可推知，此处指“不敢尝试有些菜”，因此用意为“敢”的情态动词dare。故填dare。 5. You not return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. 5. need 解析：考查情态动词。句意：你现在不必还书。如果你愿意，可以借到下周。根据句意，此处考查情态动词need，意为“需要”，need not意为“不用，不必”，后接动词原形。故填need。 情态动词+have done的用法 1.can’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 The baby can’t have eaten a whole cake. She’s only one year old. 宝宝不可能吃掉一整块蛋糕，她才一岁。 He can’t have finished the work in an hour. It’s too complicated. 他不可能一小时内完成这项工作，太复杂了。 2.could have done用于肯定句，表示“本可以做某事”。couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 He could have become a doctor, but he gave up the opportunity. 他本可以成为一名医生，但他放弃了这个机会。 She couldn’t have forgotten your birthday. You reminded her twice. 她不可能忘记你的生日，你提醒过她两次了。 3.may/might have done用于肯定或否定句中，表示对过去的推测，意思是“也许已经┅，可能已经…”。 She may have forgotten our appointment. She’s been really busy lately. 她也许已经忘了我们的约会，她最近太忙了。 He might have made a mistake in the report, but I’m not sure. 他可能在报告里犯了个错，但我不确定。 4. must have done只用于肯定句，表示对过去的推测，意思是“一定已经，想必已经，准是已经….”。 The door is locked. They must have left already. 门锁着，他们一定已经走了。 He didn’t answer the phone. He must have been busy at that moment. 他没接电话，那时候准是在忙。 5. should/ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”; shouldn’t have done表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 You shouldn’t have lied to your parents. They trust you. 你本不该对父母撒谎的，他们信任你。 She shouldn’t have opened your letter without permission. 她本不该未经允许就拆你的信。 6.needn’t have done表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。 We needn’t have prepared so much food. Only five guests came. 我们本没必要准备这么多食物，只来了五位客人。 I needn’t have bought a new umbrella—the old one still works. 我本没必要买新伞的，旧的还能用。 【跟踪训练】下列各题均有一个最佳答案。 1. The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could (express) it indirectly. 1. have expressed 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：发言人对他在会上所说的话并不后悔，只是觉得他本可以间接地表达出来。根据“The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt”可知，此处是指他本可以间接地表达出来，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用could have done表示“本可以做某事”。动词express意为“表达”。故填have expressed。 2. You have seen Mary at the meeting this morning, because she left for Beijing yesterday. 2. couldn’t 解析：考查情态动词+完成式。句意：你不可能在今天上午的会议上见到玛丽，因为她昨天去北京了。根据句意和后文because she left for Beijing yesterday及句子结构可知，此处应用情态动词could的否定式couldn’t“不可能”+have done表示对过去情况的推测，构成复合谓语。故填couldn’t。 3. Tom was absent from the meeting. You have informed him of the time. 3. should 解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：Tom缺席了会议。你应该把时间告诉他。根据句意可知，此处表达本应该做而没做，可用情态动词shoud have done表示。故填should。 4. You shouldn’t (go) without telling us. We were really concerned about you. 4. have gone 解析：考查shouldn’t have done的用法。句意：你不应该不告诉我们就走了。我们真的很担心你。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用shouldn’t have done，表示本不应该做却做了（某事）。故填have gone。 5. Since nobody gave him any help, he must (fix) the door on his own. It looks good though. 5. have fixed 解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：既然没有人帮他，他一定是自己把门修好了。不过看起来不错。根据Since nobody gave him any help可知，must对于已经发生事情的肯定猜测，构成must have done结构，即，must have fixed。故填：have fixed。 6. He have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. 6. must 解析：考查情态动词。句意：他肯定完成了他的工作，否则他就不会在海边痛快地玩儿了。must have done表示“对过去事情的推测”；结合句意可知，空格处应填情态动词must。故填must。 7. I needn’t (buy)so much wine—only five people came. 7. have bought 解析：考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：我本不必买那么多酒，只有五个人来。根据句意可知，本句表达没有必要做某事却做了，可用needn’t have done表达。故填have bought。 8. Xiao Ming was absent yesterday. He might (catch) a cold, but I’m not sure. 8. have caught 解析：考查情态动词。句意：小明昨天没来。他可能感冒了，但我不敢肯定。根据“Xiao Ming was absent yesterday. ”和“might”可知，此处表示对过去事实可能性的推测，谓语动词需用might have done。故填have caught。 9. Suddenly it occurred to me that I have left my suitcase in the taxi. But I was not sure. 9. might 解析：考查情态动词+have done。句意：我突然想起来我可能把手提箱落在出租车上了，但是我不太确定。根据“But I was not sure. ”可知，此处用might have done表示对过去发生的事情不太确定的推测。故填might。 10. I couldn’t （go）through that bitter period without your generous help. 10. have gone 解析：考查虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用。句意：如果没有你的慷慨相助的话，我不会熬过那段艰苦的日子。根据题干中的“that bitter period(那段艰苦的日子)”可知，本句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，without your generous help相当于if it hadn’t been for your generous help, 故本句谓语为couldn’t have gone。故答案为have gone。 ( 情态动词 综合能力提升 ) 一、单项选择 1.（2023·天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t 1.C 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止；B. daren’t不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。 2.（2021·天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made 2.A 解析：考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldn't have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。 3.（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you __________drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A. need B. should C. could D. must 3.C 解析：考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。 4.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 4.C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。 5.（2018·天津·高考卷）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 5. D 解析：考查情态动词表推测。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。 6.（2020·天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't 6.D 解析：考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。 7.（2018·天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 7.D 解析：考查情态动词。句意：---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t    不需要；D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。 8.（2019·天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He _________ many times last week. A. need have practised B. might practise C. must have practised D. could practise 8.C 解析：考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 9.（2015·天津卷）I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 9.C 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn't have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据后一句“for my classmates here are very friendly to me.”可知，同学对我非常友好所以我本没必要但心。mightn't也许不；mustn't不允许；couldn't不可能。故选C。 10.（2015·重庆卷）You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall 10. A 解析：考查情态动词。句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测；can表示推测，表示可能性；will表示意愿；shall表示表示决心、命令或指示。根据下文“这些年你一点用没有改变”可知，前文表示肯定性推测。故选A。 11.（2015·福建卷）—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations. A. must B. can C. would D. should 11. D 解析：考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：—对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。—噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。故选D 12.（2014·重庆卷）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not 12. C 解析：考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A. can’t表示“无能力”；B. dare not表示“无勇气”；C. needn’t意为“无必要”；D. may not表示“推断”。 因为买了比萨饼，无必要担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。 13.（2017·天津·高考卷）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 13. C 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A. daren’t不敢；Bshouldn’t不应该；C. needn’t不需要；D. mustn’t不许。根据but可知，意思表示转折，故选C。 14.（2011·重庆卷）—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should 14. C 解析：考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你昨天晚上为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？——我想去，但我妈妈不愿意让我晚上那么晚出去。A.could“可以，能够”，表示可能性或用语礼貌委婉语气；B.might“可能”，表示不确定；C.would“愿意”，表示意愿；D.should“应该”，表示建议、命令、决定等。结合语境，此处为“妈妈不愿意让我晚上那么晚出去”，故选C。 15.（2011·北京卷）—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He ______________come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 15. D 解析：考查情态动词。句意：——我真不喜欢James。你为什么邀请他？——别担心。他可能不来。他说他不确定他的计划。A. must not禁止；B. need not不必；C. would not不会，不肯；D. might not可能不。根据he wasn’t certain可知，James可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定，might not，故选D。 二、单句填空。 1.Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I ________ have made six salads with what I threw out. 1.could　 解析：考查情态动词。此处指他本可以用扔掉的菜做六份沙拉， could have done“本可以做某事，但是实际上却没有做”，故填could。 2. In college I had been taught that a successful educator ________ ignore bad behavior. 2.shouldn't　 解析：考查情态动词。此处表示“不应该”，故填shouldn't。 3. There were times when we ________ get lunch together and be in the library, working silently side­by­side. 3.would　 解析：考查情态动词。There were times “曾经有这样的时光”，此处指过去的经常性动作，表示“(过去)总是，老是”，故填would。 4. It had the soldier's name and army number, so he supposed that the message ________ be real. 4.should　 解析：考查情态动词。should表示比较肯定的猜测。故填should。 5. When you introduce me to the businessman, ________ you please say something for me? 5.could/would　 解析：考查情态动词。could/would 可用来表示请求、提出礼貌的要求或请求许可。句型could/would you please do ...? “请你……好吗？”，故填could/would。 6. Officials say they are not sure exactly what persuaded the elephants to make their long trip; some experts say the elephants ________ have left because their leader ________ have gotten lost. 6.might; might　 解析：考查情态动词。句意：官方表示他们不确定究竟是什么原因促使大象长途跋涉，一些专家说大象离开可能是因为它们的领袖可能迷路了。第一空及第二空都指对过去的一种推测。故填might; might。 7. However, it may be not easy to cheer up your friends when you ________ be by their side. 7.can't　 解析：考查情态动词。句意：然而，当你不能在朋友身边时，让他们高兴起来可能并不容易。此处表示“不能”。故填can't。 8. A geneticist (遗传学家) says that individuals who are effortlessly thin ________ hold the key to understanding obesity. 8.may　 解析：考查情态动词。句意：遗传学家说那些毫不费力地保持苗条身材的人也许理解肥胖的关键。此处应用情态动词may表推测。故填may。 9. ________ you make so much noise? 9.Must　 解析：考查情态动词。句意：你偏要制造这么多的噪音吗？此处must表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦，意为“偏要，非要”。故填Must。 10. With our school's annual Sports Day approaching, I ________ help thinking of my sports experience. 10.can't　 解析：考查情态动词。can't help doing sth “情不自禁地做某事”，故填can't。 11. I can't find Charlie anywhere; I think the mailman ________ have forgotten to close the gate. 11.must　 解析：考查情态动词。must have done “一定是……”，表示对过去发生的事的肯定猜测，故填must。 12. Darling, our son has grown up and is quite independent now; you ________ be too concerned about him. 12.needn't　 解析：考查情态动词。句意：亲爱的，我们的儿子已经长大，完全独立了，你不必太担心他了。此处表示不必要。 故填needn't。 13. I can't understand why he ________ have been so angry; I meant no offence. 13.should　 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我不明白他为什么竟然这么生气，我无意冒犯。此处应用should表示“竟然”。 故填should。 14. You ________ not have success right away, but that doesn't mean you ________ have it at all. 14.might; can't　 解析：考查情态动词。句意：你可能不会马上获得成功，但这并不意味着你根本无法获得成功。第一个空表示可能性，第二个空强调能力，故填might; can't。 15. According to the school rule, no child ________ be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by his or her own parents. 15.shall　 解析：考查情态动词。shall用于第二和第三人称的陈述句时，表示说话者的警告、规定、命令、威胁、允诺等。根据句中According to the school rule可知，此处应用shall表示规定，故填shall。 20 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$