Welcome Unit Discovering useful structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

请问：人类如何说话？ D. Jacky信任Jack。 A. Jacky Jack B. Jacky信任 C. 信任Jack 人类为什么以句子为单位说话？ 句子是语言运用的基本单位，能表达一个完整的意思。 The Importance of the Sentences The Importance of the Sentences 怎样用词、词组（短语）写一个完整且正确的英语句子呢？ 就像串糖葫芦一样！ 10类词和若干词组/短语 10种句子成分 8种句子结构 ENGLISH 八种基本句型 Eight Kinds of Sentences 1. Ｓ +Ｖi（主＋谓） 名词/代词/...+不及物动词 主语是句子中动作、行为、___或___的主体，是一个句子谈论的主题。 All of us laughed. Jacky exercises. The bus is coming. 谓语用来说明主语的行为、动作或所处的状态。 后不可以直接跟宾语的动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 主语 + 谓语 主语 + 谓语 名/代 + 不及物动词 hurt Laura’s right arm Alex smile Alex smiles. Laura’s right arm hurts. 主语 谓语 串一串 2.Ｓ +Ｖt +O（主＋谓＋宾) 名词/代词/动名词短语/... + 及物动词 情态动词+动词原形 助动词帮助动词 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。 Alex should finish the homework. We volunteer to care for the sick children. Doing chores develops kids’ independence. They are talking about something. I have seen the film before. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 名词（词组）/不定式 to get good grades want Bobby and Carl have too much stress they Bobby and Carl want to get good grades. They have too much stress. 主语 谓语 宾语 串一串 有些谓语动词（give, show, bring, read, pass, lend, tell, leave, teach, write, buy等.） 必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。 3.S+Vt+IO+DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） Jacky gave Jim some money. He told us a funny story. 直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者(多指物)。 间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)(多指人)。 名词/代词/...+ 及物动词 + 名词/代词1 + 名词. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语. me Jim his homework Jack show lend some mony Jack show me his homework. Jack lend Jim some money. 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 串一串 动词后只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等。 4.Ｓ +Ｖt +O +OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 宾语补足语:用来补充说明宾语的状况的语言成分。 告诉我们宾语正在做什么。 告诉我们宾语做了什么。 告诉我们宾语接收到什么动作。 I saw him dancing at 8 last night. I saw him dance last night. I saw the room cleaned by Tom. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 告诉我们宾语的状态。 常跟宾语+宾语补足语的动词： let, see, watch, hear, help, feel, keep, call, make, find, tell, ask, think, want等 代词/...+ 及物动词 + 名词/代词 + 动词（ing）/过去分析/形容词. 4.Ｓ +Ｖt +O +OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语. I saw him dancing at 8 last night. I saw him dance last night. I saw the room cleaned by Tom. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. ask Bobby Eunice study math to study English find 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 Eunice asked Bobby to study English. Eunice found Bobby study math. 串一串 5.S+V+P 主语+系动词+表语 表语说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。 The dish smells good. Eight is a lucky number in China. Swimming is my favorite. My job is to teach them English. 主语 + 谓语 + 表语. 名词/数词/动名词...+ 系动词 + 名词/形容词/不定式... 状态：seem, appear, prove 感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow, fall 持续：remain, stay, keep, continue is become housework a waste of time a high school student Jacky 主语 谓语 表语 Jacky becomes a high school student. Housework is a waste of time. 串一串 SV=1 （主谓结构只有一个） 6.S+V+A 主语+谓语+状语 He talked too much. 状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等充当。 7.S+V+O+A 主语+谓语+宾语+状语 I have my first class at senior high school . Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等信息。 8.There be … There are three people in my uncle’s family. There is a pen and two books on the desk. There isn’t a boy in the room. There aren’t any books on the desk. There’s a lot to explore at senior high. There’s a boy sitting under the tree. “某地有(存在)某物” be动词的数与其后紧跟名词一致 一般简单句 较复杂简单句 Bobby吃了一个苹果。 Bobby ate an apple. 星期二，站在树底下的小Bobby吃了一个从美国进口的大苹果。 Little Bobby standing under the tree ate a very big apple imported from the USA on Tuesday. 定语:用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 小思考 1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. S 主语 V 谓语 A 状语 2. We must act. S 主语 V 谓语 3. The maths homework looks easy. S 主语 P 系表 4. The teacher found the classroom empty. S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 C 宾补 这所有着一百年历史的学校坐落于市中心 我们必须行动起来。 数学作业看起来挺简单。 老师觉得教室空荡荡的。 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7. There is an English Corner at our school. 8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. S 主语 V 谓语 DO 直宾 IO 间宾 S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 有 某物 某地 S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 A 状语 There be 句型 我妈妈给我买了一本新的字典。 汤姆期盼遇见一位新的交换生。 在我们学校有一个新的英语角。 在新建的实验室里我们上了一节化学课。 P DO O A C (subject) S V (verb) (object) (predicative) (adverbial) (direct object) I0 (object complement) (indirect object) （同位语） appositive （定语） attribute 主语 状语 宾语补足语 直接宾语 表语 宾语 间接宾语 谓语 十种句子成分： 八种基本句型： 主+谓 S+Vi 主+谓+宾 S+Vt+O 主+谓+间宾+直宾 S+V+IO+DO 主+谓+宾+宾补 S+V+O+OC 主+系+表 S+V+P 主语+谓语+状语 S+V+A 主语+谓语+宾语+状语S+V+O+A There be … 找出下列句子中的主语 1. My hotel is near downtown, in the Mission District, one of the oldest parts of the city. 2. The girl he gave the flowers to is Rose. 3.I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me. 4.It seems to me that the traditional Chinese dress will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British students. 名词作主语 从句作主语 代词作主语 名词作主语 名词作主语 动名词作主语 It作形式主语 Practice 找出下列句子中的谓语 Practice 1. I am writing to ask for your guidance on a short play 2. He looked after two orphans. 3. Our school was built in 2017. 4. He can speak English very well. 5. The work must be done before three o’clock 简单谓语：实义动词 简单谓语：实义动词短语 简单谓语：实义动词 复合谓语：情态动词+实义动词 复合谓语：情态动词+实义动词 找出下列句子中的宾语 Practice 1. Richard does not like his job. 2. Monica decide to solve the problem on her own. 3. The young man risk losing his life to save the girl. 4. They offered me the job. 5. I would like you to give us your guidance and encouragement. 名词短语作宾语 不定式短语作宾语 间接宾语+直接宾语 宾语+宾语补足语 动名词短语作宾语 找出下列句子中的补语 Practice 现在分词短语作主语补足语 名词短语作宾语补足语 形容词短语作宾语补足语 过去分词短语作宾语补足语 形容词短语作主语补足语 1. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China. 2. He was seen playing basketball on the playground yesterday. 3. We'll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful. 4. Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. 5. Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 找出下列句子中的表语 Practice 1. They are exchange students 2. Needless to say, they were deeply moved. 3.That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice. 名词短语作表语 形容词短语作表语 从句作表语 4.Julie always looks cheerful. 形容词作表语 5.My favourite sport is running. 6.So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in the exhibition. 动名词作表语 形容词作表语 找出下列句子中的状语 Practice The next day, we set off early in the morning. 从句作条件状语 介词短语作时间状语 We are training very hard these days. 副词作程度状语 When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. 从句作时间状语 If you want a deep experience in the city, shared bikes would be the best choice. 找出下列句子中的定语 Practice 1. This is a difficult problem 2. He works in a trade company. 3. The lady was carrying a basket full of vegetables. 4. The girl in white is his sister. 5. Do you know the man speaking to our headmaster? 形容词作前置定语 名词作前置定语 介词短语作后置定语 现在分词短语作后置定语 形容词短语作后置定语 6. We should adapt to the changing situation quickly. 现在分词作前置定语 定语 前置定语 后置定语 特殊情况 形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、动名词、分词等单个词充当 形容词短语、介词短语、地点方位副词、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等充当 如果被修饰词为some、any、every、no 和thing/ body/one 等构成的复合不定代词，定语要后置 Appositive 同位语 对句子中的名词(短语)或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 找出下列句子中的同位语 Practice 1. I'm Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School. 从句作同位语 4. We each have an English name now. 名词短语作同位语 2. The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 代词作同位语 5. The news that our team has won again is true. 从句作同位语 3. This is Mr Li, our headmaster. 名词短语作同位语 Language Points 教材原句 p.6 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student . 汤姆期待见到新的交换生。 look forward to 盼望；期待（to 是介词） I’m really looking forward to my holiday. 我热切盼望着假期的到来。 【归纳拓展】 look forward to + n. /pron. /v. -ing，to 是介词，类似的短语还有： lead to 导致；通向 be used to 习惯于 stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意 get down to 开始认真做 contribute to 有助于；促成 A diet that is high in fat can lead to obesity.高脂肪的饮食可能会导致肥胖。 Perhaps he should have stuck to writing. 或许他本该坚持写作。 Language Points 单句语法填空 （1） We’re looking forward to 　　 　　　（invite）to a formal dinner. （2） We are looking forward to 　　　 （listen）to his speech. （3）The summer holiday she was looking forward to 　　　　（come）at last. （4） The woman got down to　 　　　（clean）the room as soon as she got home. 完成句子 （5） 我盼望着尽快收到你的来信。 ______________________________________________________ being invited listening I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. cleaning came Don’t trouble trouble until trouble ________(trouble) you. 译文：__________________________________________ __________________________________________ troubles 不要惹麻烦，直到麻烦找上你。 麻烦不来扰，千万别自扰。 trouble n. 问题；苦恼 v. 使苦恼，打扰 祈使句 简单句 ________+_________ ________+_________+_________ _______+_______+_______ ________+_________+________ 句子 成分 连词 谓语 宾语 助动词 动词 名词 主语 谓语 宾语 名词 动语 代语 $$