专题18 虚拟语气（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题18 虚拟语气 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 一二三四类动词接宾语从句 【知能解读 02 】 一二三四类名词接从句 【知能解读 03 】 It is strange/a pity that.. 从句 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 if 虚拟条件句用法 【重难点突破 0 2 】 if 错综条件句用法 【重难点突破 0 3 】 If 虚拟句省略用法 【重难点突破 0 4 】 含蓄条件句用法 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 I wish that … . 句型 【易混易错 0 2 】 If only … . 句型 【易混易错 0 3 】 I would rather that … . 句型 【易混易错 0 4 】 It is high time that … 句型 【易混易错 0 5 】 It looks as if … . 句型 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展】 虚拟语气 特殊注意点 ) 01 一二三四类动词接宾语从句 1.一二三四类动词接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 一坚持insist，二命令order, command，三建议advise, suggest, recommend，四要求demand, desire, require, request。还有desire, advocate, ask等动词也有类似用法。 The officer ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river immediately. 军官命令士兵们立即过河。 The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased. 工人们要求涨工资。 They asked that the meeting (should) be postponed. 他们要求会议延期。 2.insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气；表示“坚持认为”时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。 The manager insisted that the meeting (should) be held immediately. 经理坚持要求立即召开会议。 He insisted that he was innocent, though no one believed him. 他坚称自己是无辜的，尽管无人相信。 3.suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句通常用虚拟语气；表示“暗示”“表明”等时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。 The doctor suggested that he (should) take a rest. 医生建议他休息一下。 What he said suggested that he was not suited for the job. 他说的话暗示他不适合这份工作。 4.It is/was+一二三四类动词的过去分词+that…从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 It was suggested that a new hospital (should) be built in the town. 当时有人建议在镇上建一所新医院。 It was required that all applications (should) be submitted by Friday. 当时要求所有申请需在周五前提交。 02 一二三四类名词接从句 一二三四类动词派生来的名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。这些名词有：order命令, command命令, advice建议, suggestion建议, requirement要求，request请求，demand要求, desire要求。 His command was that the work (should) be finished by Friday.（表语从句） 他的命令是这项工作必须在周五前完成。 The company has a requirement that all employees (should) attend the training. （同位语从句） 公司有一项要求，所有员工必须参加培训。 03 It is strange/a pity that..从句 1.It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 It was surprising that she (should) leave without saying goodbye. 令人惊讶的是，她竟然没道别就走了。 It is essential that the data (should) be checked twice. 这些数据必须检查两遍，这很关键。 2. It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用should have done。 It is necessary that we should have finished the task before last Friday. 我们本有必要在上周五前完成这项任务的。 It is a shame that she should have given up the opportunity to study abroad. 她竟然放弃了出国留学的机会，真是太可惜了。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. It’s suggested in the report that government expense (reduce) to increase teachers’ salaries. 1. be reduced/should be reduced 解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：报告中建议降低政府开支，提高教师工资。suggest表示“建议”，所以主语从句中的谓语用(should) +动词原形，从句主语government expense与动词reduce之间为被动关系，故填(should) be reduced。 2. It was proposed that the house (preserve) as it had been when the great writer lived in it. 2. should be preserved/be preserved 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：有人提议，这座房子应该保持它在那位伟大的作家居住时的样子。句中It是形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语，主句中包含动词propose，则从句应该使用should do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略，且结合语意，房子应该是被保护的，所以应使用被动语态。故填should be preserved/be preserved。 3. Many people in the neighbourhood recommended that the old bus station (replace) with a modern one. 3. be replaced/should be replaced 解析：考查虚拟语气和动词语态。句意：附近的许多人都建议用现代化的公共汽车站取代旧的公共汽车站。recommend意为“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式，且should可以省略，结合“with a modern one”可知，replace“取代，替换”和the old bus station之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(should) be replaced。 4. The editor insisted that at least 300 words (cut) out of my article before it could be published. 4. should be cut/be cut 解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：编辑坚持要从我的文章中至少删去300字才能发表。insist在句中表示“坚决主张”，that从句中用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可省略，字是被删去，要用被动语态，因此空格处是(should) be cut。故填(should) be cut。 5. The education experts suggested more attention (pay) to protecting the students’ eyes. 5. should be paid/ be paid 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：教育专家建议应更加关注保护学生的眼睛。suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，从句谓语使用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，结合语意，attention与pay之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，即(should) be paid。故填(should) be paid。 6. Although Tom insisted that he (hand) in his homework yesterday, Mr Wang still insisted he _________ (do) it again. 6. had handed，should do/do 解析：考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：尽管汤姆坚持说他昨天已经交了作业，王老师仍然坚持要他再做一遍。insist在表示 “坚持说，坚持认为” 时，从句根据实际情况用相应的时态；由 “yesterday”可知 “交作业”发生在 insisted之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时 “had + 过去分词”，hand 的过去分词是 handed，所以第一空填 had handed。insist在表示“坚决要求” 时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用 “(should) + 动词原形”，should 可以省略，所以第二空填 (should) do。故填had handed ；（should） do。 7. It’s a pity that her husband (attempt) to deal with this problem in such a stupid way. 7. should attempt/attempt 解析：考查动词。句意：她的丈夫竟然想用如此愚蠢的方法来解决这个问题，太遗憾了。在It is a pity that...句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气，谓语应用should do形式，其中should可以省略。故填(should) attempt。 8. The teacher’s requirement is that every student (involve)in the plan or they won’t pass the final exam. 8. be involved 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：老师的要求是每个学生都要参与这个计划，否则他们就不能通过期末考试。分析句子，requirement 后接表语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should +动词原形”,should可省略。同时every student和involve之间是被动关系，故使用情态动词的被动语态结构。故填be involved。 9. My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life (encourage) to finance the project with their deeper love for these children. 9. should be encouraged/be encouraged 解析：考查谓语动词。句意：我的建议是，应该鼓励更多来自各行各业的人怀着对这些孩子更深的爱来资助这个项目。分析句子结构可知，此处应为表语从句的谓语，suggestion意为“建议”，其后的表语从句的谓语动词形式应为“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略，encourage与主语“more people from all walks of life”之间为被动关系，所以此处应为should be encouraged，且should可以省略。故填(should) be encouraged。 10. The head teacher made a request that a meeting (schedule) to arrange for the upcoming anniversary of the school’s founding day. 10. be scheduled 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：校长要求召开一次会议，为即将到来的建校纪念日作安排。此处从句主语与谓语构成被动关系，且同位语从句为虚拟语气，should+动词原形，should可以省略。故填be scheduled。 01 if虚拟条件句用法 场合 从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be用were) would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had +动词过去分词 would/could/might have done 与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式(be用were) 2.were to +动词原形 3.should +动词原形 would/could/might +动词原形 If it were sunny today, we would go to the park. 如果今天晴天，我们就去公园了。 If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked you about it. 要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨我们就不去爬山了。 02 if错综条件句用法 if错综条件句和主句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。 If he had studied hard in college, he would have a better job now.（主句与现在事实相反） 如果他大学时努力学习，现在就会有一份更好的工作了。 If we had booked the tickets in advance, we would leave for the trip next Monday. （主句与将来事实相反） 如果我们提前订了票，下周一就能去旅行了。 03 If虚拟句省略用法 if条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。 原句：If I were in your position, I would accept the offer. 倒装句：Were I in your position, I would accept the offer. 翻译：如果我处于你的位置，我会接受这个提议。 原句：If you should need any help, please call me. 倒装句：Should you need any help, please call me. 翻译：万一你需要帮助，尽管打电话给我。 原句：If we had known the truth earlier, we could have prevented the accident. 倒装句：Had we known the truth earlier, we could have prevented the accident. 翻译：如果我们早知道真相，就能阻止这场事故了。 04 含蓄条件句用法 有些句子没有明确的 if 条件句，但通过介词without、短语 but for或副词otherwise暗示了虚拟的条件，这类句子被称为“含蓄条件句”。其中，without, but for, otherwise 等词相当于隐含的 “if not”，其后的主句需根据所虚拟的时间使用对应的虚拟语气形式。 Without electricity, modern life would be impossible. 没有电，现代生活就不可能存在。 The project would have failed but for their efforts. 要不是他们的努力，这个项目早就失败了。 I forgot to set the alarm, otherwise I wouldn’t have overslept. 我忘了设闹钟，否则就不会睡过头了。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not (win) the first prize in the English Writing Competition. 1. have won 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是我的英语老师的帮助, 我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。根据句意及But for可知，本题是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句使用would (not) have done结构。故填have won。2. Without the doctor’s timely operation, the little girl __________ (will, lose) her life. 2. would have lost 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：若不是医生及时进行了手术，这个小女孩就会丧命了。without介宾结构表示含蓄的虚拟条件，此句表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语用“would+have+过去分词”。故填would have lost。 3. If I (see) him tomorrow, I would invite him home. 3. saw/should see/were to see 解析：考查虚拟语气用法。句意：如果我明天见到他，我会邀请他回家。分析句子可知，这里为If引导的虚拟语气句型，与将来事实相反，从句用过去式/ should do/ were to do。故填saw/ should see/ were to see。 4. he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. 4. Were 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要是他今天出发，星期五就能到那儿。根据下文“he would get there by Friday(星期五就能到那儿)”可知，此处是对将来情况的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，be动词应用were，if 从句中如果有were to do结构，可以把 if 省略，将 were 提到主语前面，形成倒装，句首单词首字母大写，故填 Were。 5. there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 5. Were 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有现代化的通讯，我们将不得不等待若干个星期才能获得来自世界各地的消息。结合“we would have to”可知，句子使用了虚拟语气，“要是没有现代化的通讯”是对现在情况的一种假设，故从句中使用一般过去时，省略if后把were提到从句主语之前，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Were。 6. If they (warn) of the danger of travelling on the lonely island ahead of time, they would not be trapped there now. 6. had been warned 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们提前被警告了在孤岛旅行的危险，他们现在就不会被困在那里了。分析句子可知，主句“they would not be trapped there now”是对现在事实的虚拟，那么从句就是对过去事实的虚拟，此时从句中的谓语动词应为“had+过去分词”形式，又因为“they”与“warn”之间是被动关系，所以从句的谓语动词应为had been warned。故填had been warned。 7. We were delayed at the airport; otherwise we (be) here by lunchtime. 7. would have been 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在机场被耽搁了；否则我们午餐时间就到了。otherwise可以用于虚拟语气中，结合上文We were delayed at the airport可知是对过去的虚拟，应用：would have done。故填would have been。 8. If I (have) a chance to live my life again, I would go to university because I had a dream to become an engineer when I was young. 8. had 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我能有机会重新过我的生活，我会去上大学，因为我年轻时的梦想是成为一名工程师。根据句意以及主句谓语动词“would go to”可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。故填had。 9. If he (come) here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend. 9. had come 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他昨天来了，他就会见到他的老朋友了。分析句子可知，这里考查对过去情况的虚拟，在对过去情况进行虚拟时，if 引导的条件状语从句中，谓语动词要用“had + 过去分词”的形式。故填had come。 10. The printer is of good quality. If it (break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. 10. should break/ broke 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果它在第一年内坏了，我们会自费修理。空处是if引导的条件状语从句的谓语动词，根据句意及主句“we would repair it at our expense”可知，句子应用了虚拟语气，表达将来的假设情况，空处应用should break或过去式形式broke。故填should break/broke。 01 I wish that….句型 I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。 He wishes he hadn’t said those words. 他真希望自己没说过那些话。 She wishes her boss could give her a promotion next month. 她希望老板下个月能给她升职。 02 If only….句型 if only表示“如果……该多好”，与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。 If only the traffic weren’t so heavy. 要是交通不这么拥堵就好了。 If only we had known the truth earlier. 要是我们早点知道真相该多好。 03 I would rather that….句型 I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。 She’d rather that she had chosen a different major. 她宁愿自己当初选了别的专业。 I’d rather that I hadn’t said anything. 我宁愿自己当初什么都没说。 易错提醒：与将来事实相反，从句仍然用一般过去时。 04 It is high time that…句型 It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。 It is high time that the government took action to protect the environment. 政府早该采取行动保护环境了。 It is high time that he should apologize for his rude behavior. 他早该为自己的粗鲁行为道歉了。 易错提醒：该句型中should不能省略。 05 It looks as if….句型 “It looks as if...”句型意为 “看起来好像……”，用于根据表象或观察对某事做出推测或判断, 与过去、现在相反，分别用had done, did。 It looks as if the house were abandoned, but someone lives here. 这房子看起来好像被遗弃了，但其实有人住。 The ground is dry, but it looks as if it had rained last night. 地面是干的，但看起来好像昨晚下过雨。 易错提醒：如果事实清楚，说话人有把握，从句也可以用陈述语气。 It looks as if the children are having a good time in the park. 看起来孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. It seemed as if everything in my childhood (happen) just recently. 1. had happened 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：好像我童年的一切都是最近才发生的。as if引导的从句中用虚拟语气，由seemed可知，句子表示与过去相反的事实，因此用过去完成时，故填had happened。 2. I wish I (learn) more about Neuschwanstein Castle before! The details on the buildings there are so unusual. 2. had learned/had learnt 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我真希望我以前对新天鹅堡了解得更多!那里的建筑细节太不寻常了。wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，由“before”以及句意可知，从句陈述与过去事实相反的愿望，从句使用过去完成时；learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填had learned/learnt。 3. I wish I (attend) her wedding last Tuesday, but I was on business in Moscow then. 3. had attended 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我真希望我上周二参加了她的婚礼，但当时我正在莫斯科出差。attend“参加”。本空为wish后面的宾语从句的谓语，从句描述的事情是对过去事情的相反的假设，谓语用过去完成时。故填had attended。 4. My husband is always talking about the economy, but I’d rather he (focus) more on our children’s education. 4. focused 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我丈夫总是谈论经济，但我宁愿他多关注一下我们孩子的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处应为“would rather+从句”结构，从句中的谓语动词通常使用虚拟语气，根据并列句的谓语动词is always talking可知，此处表示的是现在的情况，所以谓语动词应使用一般过去时，focus与句子主语he之间为主动关系。故填focused。 5. —Your aunt invites you to go to the movies today. —I would rather she (tell) me tomorrow than today. 5. told 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：——你阿姨今天邀请你去看电影。——我宁愿她明天告诉我而不是今天。固定句式：would rather 主语+谓语动词，表示“宁愿……”，句子用虚拟语气，此处与现在的事实相反，句子用一般过去时态，故填told。 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it (break). 6. were broken 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：当一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时，它看起来好像断了。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的情况，应用一般过去时，be动词使用were，“中断的”使用形容词broken。故填were broken。 7. Therefore, it is high time that we (take) effective measures to improve the current situation. 7. took/should take 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：因此，现在真是我们采取有效措施改善现状的时候了。根据固定句型it is high time that sb. did/should do sth.“真是某人做某事的时候了”可知，that引导的定语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分结构为did/should do，should不能省。故填took/should take。 8. Look at the trouble we are in. If only we (take)our teacher's advice. 8. had taken 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：看看我们所处的困境，要是我们听了老师的建议就好了! If only表示“要是......就好了！”，根据Look at the trouble we are in. 可知此处表示对过去的情况的假设，应用过去完成时：had done。故填had taken。 9. —I went to see The Wandering Earth last night. It was fantastic! —You were so lucky! How I wish I （get）the ticket too. 9. had got 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：—我昨晚去看了《流浪地球》，太棒了！—你真幸运！我真希望我也能拿到票。分析句子结构及句意可知此处缺少的是wish的宾语从句谓语动词，表达的是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，从句谓语动词应使用had done,，故填had got。 10. He has left for Beijing. How I wish I (see) him off at the station, but I was too busy. 10. had seen 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他已经去北京了。 我多么希望我曾到车站送过他，但是我太忙了。 wish表示“但愿，要是……就记了”，后面接宾语从句，表示不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，根据后文I was too busy可知，表示过去不能实现的愿望时，从句谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。故填had seen。 虚拟语气特殊注意点 1.注意区分真实条件句和虚拟条件句。 例1: If it ____________(ran) tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. 解析：句意：如果明天下雨，我们就取消野餐。根据主句时态will cancel推断这是真实条件句，应考虑“主将从现”。故填rains。 例2: If it ____________(ran) tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. 解析：句意：如果明天下雨，我们就取消野餐。根据主句时态would cancel推断这是虚拟条件句，应考虑虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的用法。故填rained/should rain/were to rain。 2.注意区分是虚拟语气还是陈述语气。 例3: I would have helped you last week, but I ____________(be) too busy. 解析：句意：上周我原本要帮助你，可是我（上周）太忙了（没有帮助你）。but后面是过去客观事实（上周太忙），因此后面应用陈述语气。故填was。 例4: I would have bought the ticket yesterday, but I ______________(forget) my wallet. 解析：句意：我昨天原本会买票的，但我忘带钱包了。but后面是过去客观事实（昨天忘带钱包），因此后面应用陈述语气。故填forgot。 3.注意区分是错综条件句还是一般虚拟条件句。 例5: If he had studied harder, he _______________(pass) the exam. 解析：句意：如果他当时更努力学习，他就通过考试了。结合句意判断本句主句和从句都与过去事实相反，因此主句应填would have passed。 例6: If you had taken my advice, you ________________(not, be) in trouble now. 解析：句意：如果你当时听了我的建议，现在就不会陷入麻烦了。结合句意判断本句主句与过去事实相反，从句则与事实相反，因此应考虑错综条件句，故填wouldn’t be。 【跟踪训练】下列各题均有一个最佳答案。 1．—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. —Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________ . A．didn’t B．hadn’t C．haven’t D．don’t 1．B 解析：考查虚拟语气及省略。句意：—今天早晨雨下得很大。很高兴我们带了雨伞。—是的，如果我们没有带伞，全身都会湿透的。分析句子可知，表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟，if从句里要使用过去完成时“had done”，主句部分使用“情态动词+have done”，B项承前省略了taken an umbrella。故选B项。 2．If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A．didn’t see B．weren’t seeing C．wouldn’t see D．hadn’t seen 2．D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn't have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。 3．【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A．drove B．would drive C．were to drive D．had driven 3．D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。 4．【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A．had caught B．caught C．have caught D．would catch 4．A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。 5．The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A．accomplished B．had accomplished C．would accomplish D．would have accomplished 5．D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 6．（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A．had not been B．should not be C．were not to be D．should not have been 6．A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。根据下文“我现在不应该在这里”可判断，考查错综时间虚拟条件句，根据从句中的the other day可知，从句表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，使用过去完成时，故A项正确。 7．If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now. A．will be B．would be C．has been D．would have been 7．B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前多花点时间练习英语口语，他现在就能说得好多了。if从句中的had spent暗示从句是跟过去事实相反的，而主句中的now暗示主句跟现在事实相反，故用would do。故选B。 8．This printer is of good quality．If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense． A．would B．should C．could D．might 8．B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果在一年内发生故障，我们将自费修理。分析句子可知，本句为if的条件状语从句，且与将来事实相反的假设，所以从句形式为were to do、动词过去时或should 动词原形。故选B。 9．Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she________there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. A．lives B．would live C．has lived D．were to live 9．D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Grace不想搬到纽约是因为她认为如果搬到那，她就不能经常看望她的父母了。根据关键词if，和主句中谓语动词wouldn’t be，可以判断出从句是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句用were to do/did /should do…, 故选D。 10．（2017•天津） —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday. A．hadn’t been B．wouldn’t have been C．weren’t D．wouldn’t be 10．B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise，相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。 ( 虚拟语气 综合能力提升 ) 一、单项填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (2020江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I __________(not be) where I am. 2. (2019天津) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time. 3. (2019江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________(have) a good time together. 4. (2018天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. 5. (2018江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. 6. (2018江苏)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved. 7. (2018北京) They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers. 8. (2017北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 9. (2017天津) —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday. 10. (2017江苏)_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 【参考答案】 1. wouldn’t be 2. would have accomplished 3. would have had 4. had caught 5. should 6. had 7. had driven 8. had been put 9. wouldn’t have been 10. Were 二、单句改错 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。 1. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 2. The manager proposed that Tom was given an opportunity to explain why he'd refused to go there.  3. If only I listened to my parents, I might have passed the driving test!   4. The conference wouldn’t have be so successful if we hadn't made adequate preparation. 5. If only there was some magic button I could push to take away the sadness in her eyes. 6.—Larry, such mistakes could have avoided if you had been more careful. —Sorry, sir. I'll do better next time. 7. I can't stand him. He always talks as though he knows everything. 8. I made the suggestion that she stuck to the plan she had made. 9. It was ordered that no smoking was not allowed in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. 10. How I wish I bought that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time. 【参考答案】 1. 去掉can或者can改为should 2. was改为be 3. listened前加had 4. be改为been 5. was改为were 6. avoided前加been 7. knows改为knew 8. stuck改为stick 9.第二个was改为be 10. bought前加had 5 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题18 虚拟语气 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 一二三四类动词接宾语从句 【知能解读 02 】 一二三四类名词接从句 【知能解读 03 】 It is strange/a pity that.. 从句 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 if 虚拟条件句用法 【重难点突破 0 2 】 if 错综条件句用法 【重难点突破 0 3 】 If 虚拟句省略用法 【重难点突破 0 4 】 含蓄条件句用法 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 I wish that … . 句型 【易混易错 0 2 】 If only … . 句型 【易混易错 0 3 】 I would rather that … . 句型 【易混易错 0 4 】 It is high time that … 句型 【易混易错 0 5 】 It looks as if … . 句型 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展】 虚拟语气 特殊注意点 ) 01 一二三四类动词接宾语从句 1.一二三四类动词接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 一坚持insist，二命令order, command，三建议advise, suggest, recommend，四要求demand, desire, require, request。还有desire, advocate, ask等动词也有类似用法。 The officer ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river immediately. 军官命令士兵们立即过河。 The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased. 工人们要求涨工资。 They asked that the meeting (should) be postponed. 他们要求会议延期。 2.insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气；表示“坚持认为”时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。 The manager insisted that the meeting (should) be held immediately. 经理坚持要求立即召开会议。 He insisted that he was innocent, though no one believed him. 他坚称自己是无辜的，尽管无人相信。 3.suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句通常用虚拟语气；表示“暗示”“表明”等时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。 The doctor suggested that he (should) take a rest. 医生建议他休息一下。 What he said suggested that he was not suited for the job. 他说的话暗示他不适合这份工作。 4.It is/was+一二三四类动词的过去分词+that…从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 It was suggested that a new hospital (should) be built in the town. 当时有人建议在镇上建一所新医院。 It was required that all applications (should) be submitted by Friday. 当时要求所有申请需在周五前提交。 02 一二三四类名词接从句 一二三四类动词派生来的名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。这些名词有：order命令, command命令, advice建议, suggestion建议, requirement要求，request请求，demand要求, desire要求。 His command was that the work (should) be finished by Friday.（表语从句） 他的命令是这项工作必须在周五前完成。 The company has a requirement that all employees (should) attend the training. （同位语从句） 公司有一项要求，所有员工必须参加培训。 03 It is strange/a pity that..从句 1.It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 It was surprising that she (should) leave without saying goodbye. 令人惊讶的是，她竟然没道别就走了。 It is essential that the data (should) be checked twice. 这些数据必须检查两遍，这很关键。 2. It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用should have done。 It is necessary that we should have finished the task before last Friday. 我们本有必要在上周五前完成这项任务的。 It is a shame that she should have given up the opportunity to study abroad. 她竟然放弃了出国留学的机会，真是太可惜了。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. It’s suggested in the report that government expense (reduce) to increase teachers’ salaries. 2. It was proposed that the house (preserve) as it had been when the great writer lived in it. 3. Many people in the neighbourhood recommended that the old bus station (replace) with a modern one. 4. The editor insisted that at least 300 words (cut) out of my article before it could be published. 5. The education experts suggested more attention (pay) to protecting the students’ eyes. 6. Although Tom insisted that he (hand) in his homework yesterday, Mr Wang still insisted he________ (do) it again. 7. It’s a pity that her husband (attempt) to deal with this problem in such a stupid way. 8. The teacher’s requirement is that every student (involve)in the plan or they won’t pass the final exam. 9. My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life (encourage) to finance the project with their deeper love for these children. 10. The head teacher made a request that a meeting (schedule) to arrange for the upcoming anniversary of the school’s founding day. 01 if虚拟条件句用法 场合 从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be用were) would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had +动词过去分词 would/could/might have done 与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式(be用were) 2.were to +动词原形 3.should +动词原形 would/could/might +动词原形 If it were sunny today, we would go to the park. 如果今天晴天，我们就去公园了。 If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked you about it. 要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨我们就不去爬山了。 02 if错综条件句用法 if错综条件句和主句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。 If he had studied hard in college, he would have a better job now.（主句与现在事实相反） 如果他大学时努力学习，现在就会有一份更好的工作了。 If we had booked the tickets in advance, we would leave for the trip next Monday. （主句与将来事实相反） 如果我们提前订了票，下周一就能去旅行了。 03 If虚拟句省略用法 if条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。 原句：If I were in your position, I would accept the offer. 倒装句：Were I in your position, I would accept the offer. 翻译：如果我处于你的位置，我会接受这个提议。 原句：If you should need any help, please call me. 倒装句：Should you need any help, please call me. 翻译：万一你需要帮助，尽管打电话给我。 原句：If we had known the truth earlier, we could have prevented the accident. 倒装句：Had we known the truth earlier, we could have prevented the accident. 翻译：如果我们早知道真相，就能阻止这场事故了。 04 含蓄条件句用法 有些句子没有明确的 if 条件句，但通过介词without、短语 but for或副词otherwise暗示了虚拟的条件，这类句子被称为“含蓄条件句”。其中，without, but for, otherwise 等词相当于隐含的 “if not”，其后的主句需根据所虚拟的时间使用对应的虚拟语气形式。 Without electricity, modern life would be impossible. 没有电，现代生活就不可能存在。 The project would have failed but for their efforts. 要不是他们的努力，这个项目早就失败了。 I forgot to set the alarm, otherwise I wouldn’t have overslept. 我忘了设闹钟，否则就不会睡过头了。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not (win) the first prize in the English Writing Competition. 2. Without the doctor’s timely operation, the little girl __________ (will, lose) her life. 3. If I (see) him tomorrow, I would invite him home. 4. he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. 5. there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 6. If they (warn) of the danger of travelling on the lonely island ahead of time, they would not be trapped there now. 7. We were delayed at the airport; otherwise we (be) here by lunchtime. 8. If I (have) a chance to live my life again, I would go to university because I had a dream to become an engineer when I was young. 9. If he (come) here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend. 10. The printer is of good quality. If it (break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. 01 I wish that….句型 I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。 He wishes he hadn’t said those words. 他真希望自己没说过那些话。 She wishes her boss could give her a promotion next month. 她希望老板下个月能给她升职。 02 If only….句型 if only表示“如果……该多好”，与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。 If only the traffic weren’t so heavy. 要是交通不这么拥堵就好了。 If only we had known the truth earlier. 要是我们早点知道真相该多好。 03 I would rather that….句型 I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。 She’d rather that she had chosen a different major. 她宁愿自己当初选了别的专业。 I’d rather that I hadn’t said anything. 我宁愿自己当初什么都没说。 易错提醒：与将来事实相反，从句仍然用一般过去时。 04 It is high time that…句型 It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。 It is high time that the government took action to protect the environment. 政府早该采取行动保护环境了。 It is high time that he should apologize for his rude behavior. 他早该为自己的粗鲁行为道歉了。 易错提醒：该句型中should不能省略。 05 It looks as if….句型 “It looks as if...”句型意为 “看起来好像……”，用于根据表象或观察对某事做出推测或判断, 与过去、现在相反，分别用had done, did。 It looks as if the house were abandoned, but someone lives here. 这房子看起来好像被遗弃了，但其实有人住。 The ground is dry, but it looks as if it had rained last night. 地面是干的，但看起来好像昨晚下过雨。 易错提醒：如果事实清楚，说话人有把握，从句也可以用陈述语气。 It looks as if the children are having a good time in the park. 看起来孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2. I wish I (learn) more about Neuschwanstein Castle before! The details on the buildings there are so unusual. 3. I wish I (attend) her wedding last Tuesday, but I was on business in Moscow then. 4. My husband is always talking about the economy, but I’d rather he (focus) more on our children’s education. 5. —Your aunt invites you to go to the movies today. —I would rather she (tell) me tomorrow than today. 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it (break). 7. Therefore, it is high time that we (take) effective measures to improve the current situation. 8. Look at the trouble we are in. If only we (take)our teacher's advice. 9. —I went to see The Wandering Earth last night. It was fantastic! —You were so lucky! How I wish I （get）the ticket too. 10. He has left for Beijing. How I wish I (see) him off at the station, but I was too busy. 虚拟语气特殊注意点 1.注意区分真实条件句和虚拟条件句。 例1: If it ____________(ran) tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. 例2: If it ____________(ran) tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. 2.注意区分是虚拟语气还是陈述语气。 例3: I would have helped you last week, but I ____________(be) too busy. 例4: I would have bought the ticket yesterday, but I ______________(forget) my wallet. 3.注意区分是错综条件句还是一般虚拟条件句。 例5: If he had studied harder, he _______________(pass) the exam. 例6: If you had taken my advice, you ________________(not, be) in trouble now. 【跟踪训练】下列各题均有一个最佳答案。 1．—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. —Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________ . A．didn’t B．hadn’t C．haven’t D．don’t 2．If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A．didn’t see B．weren’t seeing C．wouldn’t see D．hadn’t seen 3．【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A．drove B．would drive C．were to drive D．had driven 4．【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A．had caught B．caught C．have caught D．would catch 5．The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A．accomplished B．had accomplished C．would accomplish D．would have accomplished 6．（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A．had not been B．should not be C．were not to be D．should not have been 7．If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now. A．will be B．would be C．has been D．would have been 8．This printer is of good quality．If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense． A．would B．should C．could D．might 9．Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she________there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. A．lives B．would live C．has lived D．were to live 10．（2017•天津） —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday. A．hadn’t been B．wouldn’t have been C．weren’t D．wouldn’t be ( 虚拟语气 综合能力提升 ) 一、单项填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (2020江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I __________(not be) where I am. 2. (2019天津) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time. 3. (2019江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________(have) a good time together. 4. (2018天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. 5. (2018江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. 6. (2018江苏)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved. 7. (2018北京) They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers. 8. (2017北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 9. (2017天津) —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday. 10. (2017江苏)_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 二、单句改错 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。 1. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 2. The manager proposed that Tom was given an opportunity to explain why he'd refused to go there.  3. If only I listened to my parents, I might have passed the driving test!   4. The conference wouldn’t have be so successful if we hadn't made adequate preparation. 5. If only there was some magic button I could push to take away the sadness in her eyes. 6.—Larry, such mistakes could have avoided if you had been more careful. —Sorry, sir. I'll do better next time. 7. I can't stand him. He always talks as though he knows everything. 8. I made the suggestion that she stuck to the plan she had made. 9. It was ordered that no smoking was not allowed in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. 10. How I wish I bought that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time. 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$