专题17 主谓一致（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题17 主谓一致 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 意义一致 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 语法一致 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 就近一致 【易混易错 0 2 】 就远一致 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展】 主谓一致 特殊注意点 ) 01 意义一致 1.family, class, committee, team, group, crew, audience等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调成员谓语用复数。 The committee has reached a decision on the new policy. 委员会已就新政策做出决定。 The committee are divided on whether to approve the proposal. 委员会成员在是否批准提案的问题上意见分歧。 2. people, police, cattle, oxen等集体名词作主语，谓语动词必须用复数。 The police are investigating the accident. 警方正在调查这起事故。 Many young people are interested in online learning. 许多年轻人对在线学习感兴趣。 3. sheep, deer, works, means, species, Chinese, Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。 This means is effective for solving the problem. 这种方法对解决问题很有效。 All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都试过了。 4. the +形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数。如the rich, the poor, the brave, the injured, the living, the wounded等。 The injured were sent to the hospital immediately. 受伤的人被立即送往医院。 The unemployed are struggling to find new jobs. 失业者正努力寻找新工作。 易错提醒：若 “the + 形容词” 表示抽象概念（而非一类人），则谓语用单数。 例：The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 美的事物未必总是好的事物。 5. 24years, New York Times等名词短语作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时，谓语动词常用单数。 Ten minutes is enough for me to finish this task. 十分钟足够我完成这项任务。 The United Nations plays an important role in international affairs. 联合国在国际事务中发挥重要作用。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．It was reported that the injured (transport) to the hospital yesterday. 2．The public (be) the best judge because the public always (express) their thoughts correctly. 3．The class (attract)by the magician’s incredible tricks and gave an enthusiastic applause. 4．The beautiful (be) not always useful, while the young (be) always striving for something useless. 5．The family all music lovers and the family going to a concert. (be) 6．Look! The cattle (be) eating grass near the river. What a peaceful scene it is! 7．Physics (be) difficult to learn and every means (try) to improve it. 8．At present the police (look) for the lost boy whose trousers (be) blue. 9．The police (be) looking for a second car, which appeared on the crime scene the other day. 10．Quanzhou is also known for its thriving private economy. The past four decades (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands. 01 语法一致 1.不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。 To protect the environment has become a global issue. 保护环境已成为全球性问题。 Whether she will attend the meeting is unknown. 她是否参加会议还不清楚。 2.分数,百分数等修饰名词时,谓语与修饰的名词单复数保持一致。 Two thirds of the students are from rural areas. 三分之二的学生来自农村。 Fifty percent of the information is unreliable. 50% 的信息不可靠。 3.most, the rest等修饰名词,谓语与修饰的名词单复数保持一致。 Most water here is not suitable for drinking. 这里的大多数水不适合饮用。 Some students left early, and the rest are still in the classroom. 一些学生提前走了，其余的学生还在教室里。 4.a large quantity/amount of…作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities/amounts of…作主语，谓语动词用复数。 A large quantity of students is expected to attend the lecture. 预计有大量学生参加讲座。 Large quantities of sand have been used to build the road. 修路用了大量沙子。 5.and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时， 其谓语要用单数形式。 The writer and poet is coming to our school. 这位作家兼诗人要来我们学校。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起使人健康。 No teacher and no student was late for the meeting. 没有老师和学生开会迟到。 6.the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。 The number of cars on the road is growing rapidly. 路上汽车的数量正在快速增长。 A number of problems remain to be solved. 还有许多问题有待解决。 7. one of …后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数。 This is one of the books that were written by Lu Xun. 这是鲁迅写的书之一。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 他是学生中唯一通过考试的人。 8. all, both, each, every, either, neither, none等代词作主语，视意思而定。 Each of the students is hardworking. 每个学生都很努力。 Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小时和每一分钟都很宝贵。 易错提醒：each作同位语时，谓语应与主语保持一致。 The students each have a locker. 学生们每人有一个储物柜。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Living in a boarding school (make) me independent, which has a great effect on me. 2．More than a quarter of modern medicines (origin) from tropical forest plants. 3．One-third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people. 4．All the scientific evidence (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming (be) damaging our health. 5．Over the past few decades, using chemical fertilizers very common in farming. (become) 6．Under the sky (rest) a village painted with smaller strokes and finer detail, giving the impression of peace. 7．Do you know when the professor and the writer (be) to come to give us a speech? 8．The number of traffic accidents that (happen) in developing countries (increase). 9．Two-fifths of our students (admit) to the well-known university so far. 10．—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area (invite). 01就近一致 1.并列连词either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 Either you or he is responsible for this mistake. 要么你，要么他要为这个错误负责。 Not only you but also I am interested in this project. 不仅你，我也对这个项目感兴趣。 2. There be句型及The following句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和两支笔。 There are two pens and a book on the desk. 桌子上有两支笔和一本书。 The following is a letter and some photos. 以下是一封信和一些照片。 The following are some photos and a letter. 以下是一些照片和一封信。 02 就远一致 主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than, including, like, but, except等，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。 The singer, along with her band members, is preparing for the concert. 这位歌手连同她的乐队成员正在为演唱会做准备。 A tiger, like other big cats, hunts at night. 老虎和其他大型猫科动物一样在夜间捕食。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．There a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There some bowls, plates and a spoon on it. (be) 2．Up to now, neither the actors nor the director (know) the outcome of the selection. 3．He asked, “ (be) either you or someone else willing to present the findings at the upcoming conference, or shall we consider other options? ” 4．Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month. 5．Not only the students but also the teacher (invite) to the opening ceremony of the grand science museum the other day. 主谓一致特殊注意点 1. more than one+可名单，表“不止一个”，作主语，谓动用单数；more+可名复+than one，表“不止一个”，作主语，谓动用复数。 There is more than one solution to the problem.（这个问题不止一个解决办法。 More students than one have applied for the scholarship.（不止一个学生申请了奖学金。 2. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等，后面加上不可数名词或成双成对的名词，谓语动词根据series, kind, piece, pair的单复数形式而定。 A series of lectures is scheduled for next week.（下周安排了一系列讲座。 Three pieces of furniture were delivered yesterday.（三件家具昨天送达了。 3. 以-s结尾的国名、地名或学科名（形复实单的名词），作主语时，谓动用单数。 The Alps is a famous mountain range in Europe.（阿尔卑斯山是欧洲著名的山脉。 Mathematics is my favorite subject.（数学是我最喜欢的学科。 4. 强调句型两个主谓一致：It is/was +被强调部分+who/that….结构中，It后边只能是单数is/was，需要与It呼应；who/that后边谓语应与被强调部分单复数保持一致。 It is he who helps others every day. 是他每天帮助别人。 It is these students who win the competition every year. 这些学生每年都赢得比赛。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Each teacher and each scientist (be) invited to take part in the conference. 2．Many a student (realize) the importance of learning a foreign language. 3．Anybody who (break) the rules will be punished. 4．More than one robot (test) out in the trial so far. 5．It is announced that many a new house (build) at present in the disaster area. ( 主谓一致 综合能力提升 ) 一、单项填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (2025全国二卷）And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61 (be) one of them. 2. (2025全国一卷）A decent winner always 61 (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 3.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 4.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 5.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, __________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 6.（2024全国甲卷）They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 7. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 8.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 9.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 10.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 11.（2022北京卷）Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 12.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 13.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 14.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 15.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 16.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 17. （2022新课标I卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 18.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 19.（2021新课标II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 20.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 21.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 22.（2021新课标I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 23.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 24.（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 25.（2021北京卷）There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 26.（2020新课标）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 27. (2019江苏) The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last three months. 28. (2019天津)Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week. 29. (2017天津)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 30. (2017江苏)The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. 二、主谓一致与语法填空 （24-25高一下·江苏宿迁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The lion dance is a Chinese traditional folk art. It is to draw in luck and prosperity in 1 (celebrate) of the Lunar New Year. The lion dance 2 (perform) on the ground or in small obstacle courses over the past 1, 000 years,   3 dancers jumping up onto chairs, balance beams, or upturned vases with balance and skills. Historical records from the Three Kingdoms period described people dressed in lion costumes for Buddhist festivities, and later in the Tang dynasty, it 4 (become) a well-documented court festivity. Within China, the lion dance can be 5 (specific) divided into Northern and Southern styles. The Northern lion is red and yellow with a shaggy fringe, usually performed with a male and a female and sometimes little cubs, 6 the Southern lion comes with a fur decoration and various colors. In January 2011, 7 total of 2, 222 performers danced in the streets of Hong Kong, 8 made appearances in the Guinness World Records. Later that year, another record was set when 3, 971 schoolchildren in Taiwan, China, performed the world’s 9 (large) singly operated lion dance show. Although 10 (root) in China, the lion dance has spread across the world, and as an excellent example of Chinese folk culture, it is getting a modern makeover. 8 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题17 主谓一致 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 意义一致 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 语法一致 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 就近一致 【易混易错 0 2 】 就 远 一致 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展】 主谓一致 特殊注意点 ) 01 意义一致 1.family, class, committee, team, group, crew, audience等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调成员谓语用复数。 The committee has reached a decision on the new policy. 委员会已就新政策做出决定。 The committee are divided on whether to approve the proposal. 委员会成员在是否批准提案的问题上意见分歧。 2. people, police, cattle, oxen等集体名词作主语，谓语动词必须用复数。 The police are investigating the accident. 警方正在调查这起事故。 Many young people are interested in online learning. 许多年轻人对在线学习感兴趣。 3. sheep, deer, works, means, species, Chinese, Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。 This means is effective for solving the problem. 这种方法对解决问题很有效。 All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都试过了。 4. the +形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数。如the rich, the poor, the brave, the injured, the living, the wounded等。 The injured were sent to the hospital immediately. 受伤的人被立即送往医院。 The unemployed are struggling to find new jobs. 失业者正努力寻找新工作。 易错提醒：若 “the + 形容词” 表示抽象概念（而非一类人），则谓语用单数。 例：The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 美的事物未必总是好的事物。 5. 24years, New York Times等名词短语作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时，谓语动词常用单数。 Ten minutes is enough for me to finish this task. 十分钟足够我完成这项任务。 The United Nations plays an important role in international affairs. 联合国在国际事务中发挥重要作用。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．It was reported that the injured (transport) to the hospital yesterday. 1．were transported 解析：考查动词时态和被动语态。句意：据报道，受伤的人昨天被送往医院。设空处作谓语，使用动词。根据时间状语yesterday可知，时态应用一般过去时；“the injured”表示“受伤的人”，为复数概念，与 transport 之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态，transport的过去分词为transported。故填were transported。 2．The public (be) the best judge because the public always (express) their thoughts correctly. 2．is, express 解析：考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：公众是最好的法官，因为公众总是能够正确表达他们的想法。根据句意，该句描述的是经常性发生的动作或所处的状态，所以使用一般现在时，第一空主语the public表示的是整体意义，所以谓语动词应为单数形式，be动词应为单数is；第二个主语the public强调的是个体组成的群体，谓语动词应为复数，所以express使用动词原形。故填①is②express。 3．The class (attract)by the magician’s incredible tricks and gave an enthusiastic applause. 3．were attracted 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：全班同学都被魔术师不可思议的魔术所吸引，报以热烈的掌声。空处应填谓语动词，主语The class与动词attract之间为被动关系且由句中的and gave可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，根据句意，此处表示全班同学，用作复数，谓语动词用复数。故填were attracted。 4．The beautiful (be) not always useful, while the young (be) always striving for something useless. 4．is, are 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：美丽并不总是有用的，而年轻人总是在追求无用的东西。第一空，句子描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，“the+形容词”表示抽象概念，谓语用第三人称单数形式，be动词使用is；第二空，句子描述现在正在进行的情况，应用现在进行时，“the+形容词”表示一类人，为复数意义，be动词使用are，与空后的striving 构成现在进行时。故填①is，②are。 5．The family all music lovers and the family going to a concert. (be) 5．are, is 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一家人都是音乐爱好者，这个家庭要去听音乐会。前一个分句是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，结合“all music lovers”可知此处family指“一家人”，表示复数意义，be动词使用are；第二空是一般将来时，family指一个整体，表示单数意义，be动词使用is。故填①are，②is。 6．Look! The cattle (be) eating grass near the river. What a peaceful scene it is! 6．are 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：看!牛群正在河边吃草呢。多么平和的景象呀! 根据句中“Look!”可知，描述当前正在发生的事情，句中应用现在进行时态；主语cattle是集体名词，做主语时谓语动词常用复数，所以系动词用are，构成现在进行时态。故填are。 7．Physics (be) difficult to learn and every means (try) to improve it. 7．is, has been tried 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：物理很难学，人们已经用尽各种方法来改进它。第一空陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词使用单数形式；第二空强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语every means是单数，且与谓语动词try的动宾关系，应用被动语态，助动词使用has。故填①is；②has been tried。 8．At present the police (look) for the lost boy whose trousers (be) blue. 8．are looking, are 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：目前警察正在寻找那个裤子是蓝色的失踪男孩。look是主句谓语动词，结合时间状语At present可知，描述现在正在发生的事情，用现在进行时态，集体名词police作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式，所以第一空填are looking；be是定语从句中连系动词，主语是复数名词trousers，谓语动词用复数形式，第一空填are。故填①are looking；②are。 9．The police (be) looking for a second car, which appeared on the crime scene the other day. 9．are 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：警方正在寻找前几天出现在犯罪现场的第二辆车。根据句意可知，police强调的是警察个体，此处指很多警察，因此是复数概念，空格处的谓语动词用复数，由looking可知，句子表示现在正在进行的动作，时态用现在进行时，因此空格处是are，故填are。 10．Quanzhou is also known for its thriving private economy. The past four decades (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands. 10．has seen/have seen　 解析：考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：泉州也因其繁荣的私营经济而闻名。过去的40年里见证了数以万计的民营企业和数百个知名品牌的诞生。根据句意可知，此处用现在完成时，强调对现在的影响，the past four decades是句子的主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数，故填has seen或have seen。 01 语法一致 1.不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。 To protect the environment has become a global issue. 保护环境已成为全球性问题。 Whether she will attend the meeting is unknown. 她是否参加会议还不清楚。 2.分数,百分数等修饰名词时,谓语与修饰的名词单复数保持一致。 Two thirds of the students are from rural areas. 三分之二的学生来自农村。 Fifty percent of the information is unreliable. 50% 的信息不可靠。 3.most, the rest等修饰名词,谓语与修饰的名词单复数保持一致。 Most water here is not suitable for drinking. 这里的大多数水不适合饮用。 Some students left early, and the rest are still in the classroom. 一些学生提前走了，其余的学生还在教室里。 4.a large quantity/amount of…作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities/amounts of…作主语，谓语动词用复数。 A large quantity of students is expected to attend the lecture. 预计有大量学生参加讲座。 Large quantities of sand have been used to build the road. 修路用了大量沙子。 5.and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时， 其谓语要用单数形式。 The writer and poet is coming to our school. 这位作家兼诗人要来我们学校。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起使人健康。 No teacher and no student was late for the meeting. 没有老师和学生开会迟到。 6.the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。 The number of cars on the road is growing rapidly. 路上汽车的数量正在快速增长。 A number of problems remain to be solved. 还有许多问题有待解决。 7. one of …后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数。 This is one of the books that were written by Lu Xun. 这是鲁迅写的书之一。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 他是学生中唯一通过考试的人。 8. all, both, each, every, either, neither, none等代词作主语，视意思而定。 Each of the students is hardworking. 每个学生都很努力。 Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小时和每一分钟都很宝贵。 易错提醒：each作同位语时，谓语应与主语保持一致。 The students each have a locker. 学生们每人有一个储物柜。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Living in a boarding school (make) me independent, which has a great effect on me. 1．makes 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：住在寄宿学校使我变得独立，这对我有很大的影响。根据has可知，此处描述现在的一般事实，应用一般现在时。主语是Living in a boarding school，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故填makes。 2．More than a quarter of modern medicines (origin) from tropical forest plants. 2．originate 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：超过四分之一的现代药物来源于热带森林植物。空处作谓语，应用origin的动词形式originate，意为“起源，产生”，动词短语originate from意为“起源于”，且此处描述科学事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语More than a quarter of modern medicines中名词medicines为复数，originate应用复数形式。故填originate。 3．One-third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people. 3．is, are 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个国家的三分之一被树木覆盖，大多数公民是黑人。根据句意可知，该句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。be covered with表示“被……覆盖”，第①空主语“One-third of the country”是单数，故谓语动词用单数，be动词用is，第②空主语“the majority of the citizens”是复数，其谓语应为be动词，所以应用复数，be动词用are。故填①is②are。 4．All the scientific evidence (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming (be) damaging our health. 4．shows, is 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中越来越多地使用化学品正在损害我们的健康。空①应填谓语动词，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时，主语evidence“证据”，是不可数名词，谓语应用单数；空②表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，主语是动名词短语increasing use of chemicals in farming，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。故空①答案为shows，空②答案为 is。 5．Over the past few decades, using chemical fertilizers very common in farming. (become) 5．has become 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，使用化肥在农业中已经变得非常普遍。由Over the past few decades可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语是动名词短语using chemical fertilizers，动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是has become。故填has become。 6．Under the sky (rest) a village painted with smaller strokes and finer detail, giving the impression of peace. 6．rests 解析：考查倒装句、时态和主谓一致。句意：天空下有一个村庄，用更小的笔触和更精细的细节画出来，给人一种宁静的感觉。此句子中使用了完全倒装结构，以突出地点状语Under the sky，句中谓语动词rest和主语a village互换了位置。结合句意可知，句子描述是一幅画上的场景，描述客观存在，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应用单数形式rests。故填rests。 7．Do you know when the professor and the writer (be) to come to give us a speech? 7．are 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你知道那位教授和那位作家什么时候来给我们作演讲吗？根据句意和空后to come可知，此处应用一般现在时表将来。宾语从句的主语是the professor and the writer，指的是两个人，意思是“那位教授和那位作家”，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are。 8．The number of traffic accidents that (happen) in developing countries (increase). 8．happen, is increasing 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：发展中国家发生的交通事故数量正在增加。第一空，分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句代指accidents，在从句中作主语，所以happen应用复数形式 ，且此处描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此谓语动词用happen。第二空，句中主语为“The number of traffic accidents”，“the number of+复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；结合语境，此处表示“交通事故数量正在增加”，应用现在进行时，故填is increasing。故答案为happen；is increasing。 9．Two-fifths of our students (admit) to the well-known university so far. 9．have been admitted 解析：考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们的学生中有五分之二被著名大学录取。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语so far判断应用现在完成时，主语students与admit之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语“Two-fifths of our students”为分数修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数，故助动词用have。故填have been admitted。 10．—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area (invite). 10．was invited 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：——昨晚你去看演出了吗？——是的。该地区的每个男孩和女孩都受到了邀请。根据时间状语last night可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。句子的主语是Every boy and girl，“every+单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语时，表示单数概念，谓语动词应用单数。动词invite与主语之间存在被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invited。 01就近一致 1.并列连词either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 Either you or he is responsible for this mistake. 要么你，要么他要为这个错误负责。 Not only you but also I am interested in this project. 不仅你，我也对这个项目感兴趣。 2. There be句型及The following句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和两支笔。 There are two pens and a book on the desk. 桌子上有两支笔和一本书。 The following is a letter and some photos. 以下是一封信和一些照片。 The following are some photos and a letter. 以下是一些照片和一封信。 02 就远一致 主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than, including, like, but, except等，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。 The singer, along with her band members, is preparing for the concert. 这位歌手连同她的乐队成员正在为演唱会做准备。 A tiger, like other big cats, hunts at night. 老虎和其他大型猫科动物一样在夜间捕食。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．There a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There some bowls, plates and a spoon on it. (be) 1．is, are 解析：考查 there be 句型的主谓一致。句意：上面有一支钢笔、一个墨水瓶和一些书。上面有一些碗、盘子和一个勺子。在 there be 句型中，be 动词的单复数形式遵循 “就近原则”，即与离 be 动词最近的名词的单复数保持一致。第一句中离 be 动词最近的名词是a pen，为单数，所以用is；第二句中离 be 动词最近的名词是 some bowls，为复数，所以用are。故填 is；are。 2．Up to now, neither the actors nor the director (know) the outcome of the selection. 2．has known 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，演员和导演都不知道评选结果。由Up to now可知，句子时态是现在完成时，neither...nor...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式根据就近原则来确定，即根据the director确定，the director是单数，因此空格处是has known。故填has known。 3．He asked, “ (be) either you or someone else willing to present the findings at the upcoming conference, or shall we consider other options? ” 3．Are 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：他问：“你或其他人是否愿意在即将召开的会议上展示这些发现，或者我们是否考虑其他选择？”either...or...连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时遵循就近原则，由空后的either you及at the upcoming conference可知此处应用一般现在时，故填Are。 4．Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month. 4．is 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汤姆和他的父母打算下个月去中国访问。根据时间状语next month可知，用一般将来时。along with连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致。根据句意，故填is。 5．Not only the students but also the teacher (invite) to the opening ceremony of the grand science museum the other day. 5．was invited 解析：考查动词时态语态。句意：不仅学生们而且这个老师也被邀请参加了大科学博物馆的开幕式。分析句子可知，invite是谓语动词，not only...but also连接主语，采用就近原则，谓语动词与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致，故invite与the teacher保持一致，用单数，二者之间是被动关系，由时间状语the other day可知，句子用一般过去时，故填was invited。 主谓一致特殊注意点 1. more than one+可名单，表“不止一个”，作主语，谓动用单数；more+可名复+than one，表“不止一个”，作主语，谓动用复数。 There is more than one solution to the problem.（这个问题不止一个解决办法。 More students than one have applied for the scholarship.（不止一个学生申请了奖学金。 2. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等，后面加上不可数名词或成双成对的名词，谓语动词根据series, kind, piece, pair的单复数形式而定。 A series of lectures is scheduled for next week.（下周安排了一系列讲座。 Three pieces of furniture were delivered yesterday.（三件家具昨天送达了。 3. 以-s结尾的国名、地名或学科名（形复实单的名词），作主语时，谓动用单数。 The Alps is a famous mountain range in Europe.（阿尔卑斯山是欧洲著名的山脉。 Mathematics is my favorite subject.（数学是我最喜欢的学科。 4. 强调句型两个主谓一致：It is/was +被强调部分+who/that….结构中，It后边只能是单数is/was，需要与It呼应；who/that后边谓语应与被强调部分单复数保持一致。 It is he who helps others every day. 是他每天帮助别人。 It is these students who win the competition every year. 这些学生每年都赢得比赛。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Each teacher and each scientist (be) invited to take part in the conference. 1．was 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每位老师和每位科学家都被邀请参加会议。句子描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，“each...and each...”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，be动词使用was，与空后的invited构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填was。 2．Many a student (realize) the importance of learning a foreign language. 2．has realized 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：许多学生都意识到了学习一门外语的重要性。空格处是谓语动词，句子强调一种影响或结果应该用现在完成时；“many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has realized。 3．Anybody who (break) the rules will be punished. 3．breaks 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚。分析句子结构可知，主句是“will be punished”，主语是“Anybody”，后面有who引导的定语从句，这里的关系代词who指代anybody，所以从句的动词要和anybody保持一致；又因为此处描述的是现在的状态或习惯，所以应该用一般现在时，因为anybody是单数，所以动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填breaks。 4．More than one robot (test) out in the trial so far. 4．has been tested 解析：考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，已经有不止一个机器人在试验中进行了测试。More than one robot作主语，谓语动词用单数，与谓语test构成被动关系，根据后文so far可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been tested。 5．It is announced that many a new house (build) at present in the disaster area. 5．is being built 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：据宣布，灾区目前正在建造许多新房子。空处作that引导的从句谓语，主语指代a new house为单数，与build构成被动关系，根据at present，句子为现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being built。 ( 主谓一致 综合能力提升 ) 一、单项填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (2025全国二卷）And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61 (be) one of them. 1. is 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 2. (2025全国一卷）A decent winner always 61 (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 2. tries 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 3.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 3. walks 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 4.（2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 4. were 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 5.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, __________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 5. was built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 6.（2024全国甲卷）They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 6. were 解析：考查动词时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 7. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 7. were used 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。 8.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 8. have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 9.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 9. has established 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 10.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 10. was amazed 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 11.（2022北京卷）Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 11. has 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 12.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 12. has increased 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 13.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 13. were 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 14.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 14. has walked 解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 15.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 15. has increased 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 16.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 16. have promised 解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 17. （2022新课标I卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 17. is designed 解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。 18.（2022新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 18. was fixing 解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 19.（2021新课标II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 19. was 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 20.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 20. is considered 解析：考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 21.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 21. was painted 解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 22.（2021新课标I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 22. was 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。 23.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 23. was built 解析：句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。 24.（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 24. has been 解析：考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 25.（2021北京卷）There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 25. has been 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 26．（2020新课标）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 26. are called 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。 27. (2019江苏) The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last three months. 27. has given 解析：考查动词时态及语态。in the last three months常与现在完成时连用；along with his band members是介词短语，真正主语是The musician。故答案是has given。 28. (2019天津)Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week. 28. was given 解析：考查动词时态及语态。last week常与一般过去时连用；as well as her brothers表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语Tom保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是was given。 29. (2017天津)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 29. is regarded 解析：考查动词时态及语态。Nowadays常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming是介词短语，真正主语是cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是is regarded。 30. (2017江苏)The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. 30. was 解析：考查动词时态及语态。Great Expectations是英国小说家狄更斯的名著《远大前程》，表示书籍、单位等概念应视为单数；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是was。 二、主谓一致与语法填空 （24-25高一下·江苏宿迁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The lion dance is a Chinese traditional folk art. It is to draw in luck and prosperity in 1 (celebrate) of the Lunar New Year. The lion dance 2 (perform) on the ground or in small obstacle courses over the past 1, 000 years,   3 dancers jumping up onto chairs, balance beams, or upturned vases with balance and skills. Historical records from the Three Kingdoms period described people dressed in lion costumes for Buddhist festivities, and later in the Tang dynasty, it 4 (become) a well-documented court festivity. Within China, the lion dance can be 5 (specific) divided into Northern and Southern styles. The Northern lion is red and yellow with a shaggy fringe, usually performed with a male and a female and sometimes little cubs, 6 the Southern lion comes with a fur decoration and various colors. In January 2011, 7 total of 2, 222 performers danced in the streets of Hong Kong, 8 made appearances in the Guinness World Records. Later that year, another record was set when 3, 971 schoolchildren in Taiwan, China, performed the world’s 9 (large) singly operated lion dance show. Although 10 (root) in China, the lion dance has spread across the world, and as an excellent example of Chinese folk culture, it is getting a modern makeover. 【答案】 1．celebration 2．has been performed 3．with 4．became 5．specifically 6．while 7．a 8．which 9．largest 10．rooted 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了舞狮的起源、发展和在世界各地的传播。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：舞狮是中国传统民间艺术，是为了庆祝农历新年而吸引好运和繁荣的。根据固定搭配“in celebration of”可知，in为介词，后接名词作宾语。故填celebration。 2．考查时态。句意：在过去的1000年里，舞狮一直在地面或小型障碍赛道上进行表演，舞者们以平衡和技巧跳上椅子、平衡木或倒立的瓶子。根据时间状语“over the past 1, 000 years”可知，句子描述的是过去到现在一直持续的动作，应用现在完成时，主语为“The lion dance”，为第三人称单数，并且动词“perform”和主语“The lion dance”构成被动关系，需要用现在完成时的被动语态has been done。故填has been performed。 3．考查介词。句意同上。此处“with dancers jumping up onto chairs, balance beams, or upturned vases with balance and skills”为with的复合结构作伴随状语，表示“舞狮时舞者们会做什么”，构成with+宾语+宾语补足语（-ing）的结构。故填with。 4．考查时态。句意：三国时期的历史记录描述了人们穿着狮子服装参加佛教节日，后来在唐朝，它成为一项有充分记录的宫廷节日。根据后文“in the Tang dynasty”可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，空格处谓语动词用过去式。故填became。 5．考查副词。句意：在中国，舞狮可以具体分为北方和南方风格。修饰动词divided需用副词。故填specifically。 6．考查连词。句意：北方的狮子是红色和黄色的，有毛茸茸的流苏，通常由一公一母和有时还有幼崽表演，而南方的狮子则有皮毛装饰和各种颜色。前后句之间为转折关系，表示对比，“while”在此处翻译为“然而”。故填while。 7．考查冠词。句意：2011年1月，总共有2222名表演者在香港街头跳舞，这出现在了吉尼斯世界纪录上。total为可数名词单数，需用不定冠词a修饰，构成短语“a total of (总数是多少)”。故填a。 8．考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为非限制性定语从句，前面整个主句为先行词，关系词且在从句中作主语。故填which。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：同年晚些时候，当中国台湾的3971名小学生表演了世界上最大的单一操作的舞狮表演时，又创造了一项纪录。根据句意以及“the world’s”可知，此处应用形容词最高级修饰名词“lion dance show”。故填largest。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然起源于中国，但舞狮已经传播到世界各地，作为中国民间文化的优秀代表，它正在经历一场现代化的改造。此处为although引导的让步状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语+be动词，本句中省略了主语“the lion dance”和be动词，be rooted in为固定短语，意为“起源于”。故填rooted。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$