2025年中考英语语法复习：定语从句讲义

该初中英语中考定语从句复习资料聚焦中考核心考点，涵盖关系词辨析及六大重难点，通过“概念-结构-关系词表格-重难点分层”架构梳理知识联系，设计“考点梳理-规则对比-易错点专项训练-综合强化”教学流程，帮助学生突破语法难点。 亮点在于“规则表格化+口诀记忆+分层练习”策略，如用表格对比which与that的5种只用that情况，结合“关系代作宾才可省”口诀强化记忆，培养思维品质与学习能力。特设基础单选、能力填空、综合改错三级练习，配合即时答案解析，教师可灵活调整进度，学生高效提升语法应用与应考能力。

中考语法复习:定语从句 (六大重难点与易错点+专题训练+答案) 1、 定语从句的核心概念: 用一个句子修饰名词或代词(即先行词),相当于形容词的作用。 2、 结构: 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 3、 关系词 先行词 关系词(主语/宾语) 关系词(定语) 关系副词(状语) 人 who / that whose — 物 which / that whose / of which — 时间 — — when 地点 — — where 原因 — — why 4、 六大重难点与易错点 重难点1. which vs. That which专指物,而that可指人也可指物 以下只用that或which的几种情况; ①只用 which 的 3 种核心情况(中考必考!) 规则 示例 考点解析 1. 介词后 (介词 + which) 关系代词紧接在介词后作宾语 This is the room in which I was born.( ) in that 2. 非限制性定语从句 从句用逗号与主句隔开,补充说明先行词 My car, which is red, was stolen.( ) , that 3. 指代整个主句 which 指代前面整个句子(仅用于非限制性从句) He passed the exam, which surprised us all.("通过考试"这件事令人惊讶) ② 只用 that 的 5 种核心情况(中考必考!) 规则 示例 考点解析 1. 先行词是不定代词 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等 All that glitters is not gold.(闪闪发光的不都是金子) 2. 先行词被序数词修饰 the first, the last, the next 等 This is the first novel that I read in English.(首本英文小说) 3. 先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most important, the wisest 等 It's the best movie that I've ever seen.(看过最好的电影) 4. 先行词被唯一词修饰 the only, the very, the same 等 He is the only person that knows the truth.(唯一知道真相的人) 5. 先行词同时含人和物 人和物并列作先行词 We talked about the teachers and schools that impressed us.(难忘的老师和学校) 练习:单项选择。 1. This is the most interesting novel _ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. what 2.The bike _ my father gave me was stolen yesterday. A. that B. which C. / (可省略) 3. She received everything _ she asked for. A. which B. that C. what 4. The first thing _ you must do is to finish homework. A. which B. that C. what 5. He told me all _ he knew about the accident. A. which B. that C. what 6. The house in _ he lives was built in 1950. A. that B. which C. where 7. The movie about _ we talked is directed by Spielberg. A. that B. which C. what 8. The girl and her cat _ were lost yesterday have been found. A. which B. who C. that 9. I have two books, both of _ are about science. A. that B. which C. them 10. The park, _ has a big lake, is my favorite place. A. that B. which C. where 重难点2. who vs. That who专指人,而that可指人也可指物 只用 who 的 4 种核心场景(中考高频!) 规则 例句 考点解析 1. 非限制性定语从句 My aunt, who is a nurse, works in Shanghai. 逗号隔开的补充说明从句中,指人必须用 who( 绝对不能用 that) 2. 介词后指人(正式文体) The man to whom I spoke is our mayor. 介词后接宾语时,正式文体必须用 whom(口语可用 who 替代,但介词需后置) 3. 泛指人的复合代词 Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished. 先行词是 anyone/someone/everyone/those 等泛指人时必须用 who 4. 避免歧义(强调"人") The soldier who saved the child is a hero. 当 that 可能被误认为指物时,用 who 明确指人(尤其从句紧跟"人+物"名词后) 练习:who vs. that单项选择。 1. The artist, _ painted this, is only 15 years old. A. that B. who C. which 2. Anyone _ wants to join must sign here. A. that B. who C. whom 3. The teacher _ taught us math retired yesterday. A. who B. that C. / The girl to _ you spoke is my cousin. A. who B. whom C. that 5. Those _ finish the test early can leave. A. that B. who C. which 6. The only student _ solved the problem got a prize. A. who B. that C. whom 7. My doctor, _ saved my life, moved to Canada. A. that B. who C. which 8. Someone _ left you a message is waiting. A. that B. who C. which 9. The writer about _ we talked won a Nobel Prize. A. who B. whom C. that 10. The cat and its owner _ got lost are found. A. who B. that C. which 重难点3. who, whom, whose的区别(中考必考!) 关系代词 语法作用 指代对象 例句 考点提示 who 主语, 宾语(口语) 人 The girl who sings well is my sister. 从句缺主语/宾语时用 whom 宾语(正式) 人 The man whom I respect is my father. 介词后/作宾语时用(书面语) whose 定语(所有格) 人或物 The boy whose dog barked is here. 后接名词,表所属关系 练习:用 who/whom/whose 填空。 1. The girl _ won the race is my friend. The professor _ we admire will retire. 3.The car _ windows are dirty needs washing. 4.The lady _ son is a doctor lives here. 5.The man with _ I work is from Canada. 重难点4. 关系副词 when, where, why 的区别(必背!) 关系副词 先行词 从句作用 等效替代 例句 when 时间名词 时间状语 介词 + which I remember the day when (=on which) we met. where 地点名词 地点状语 介词 + which This is the city where (=in which) I was born. why reason (唯一) 原因状语 for which Tell me the reason why (=for which) you are late. 三大易错陷阱(中考扣分重灾区!) ① 陷阱1:混淆关系副词 vs 关系代词 判定标准: 从句缺主语/宾语 用 that/which 从句缺时间/地点/原因状语 用 when/where/why 错例:This is the factory where we visited.(visited 缺宾语 应改为 which/that) 正确:This is the factory that we visited. ② 陷阱2:why 的先行词只能是 reason 错例:The cause why he failed is clear.(cause 不是 reason 应改为 why 或 for which) 正确:The reason why he failed is clear. ③ 陷阱3:where 误加介词 错例:The house where I live in is old. 正确:The house where I live is old. 或 The house that I live in is old. 练习:单项选择 1. I'll never forget the day _ I joined the team. A. which B. when C. where 2. This is the library _ students study quietly. A. which B. that C. where 3. The reason _ he refused is unknown. A. why B. which C. how 4. The hotel _ we stayed was expensive. A. when B. where C. which 5. Do you know the date _ the exam starts? A. where B. when C. which 重难点5. 关系词的省略 条件:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略(口语常见) The book (that) you lent me is amazing. (that 作 lend 的宾语,可省) 错误:The man who lives next door is kind. (who 作主语,不可省!) 口 诀 关系代,作宾才可省, 主谓不全定不行! 介词若提前,千万别省心, 非限制性从句,省了要扣分!" 练习:改写句子(省略可省略的关系代词) 1. The movie that we watched was exciting. 2.The girl whom I invited didn't come. 3. The cake which my mom made is delicious. 4. The doctor who saved my life is here. 5. This is the house in which I lived. 重难点6. 介词 + 关系代词(高阶难点) 公式:介词 + which/whom 选择介词依据:从句动词/形容词的固定搭配 e.g. This is the school from which I graduated. (graduate from) e.g. The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. (speak to) 易错点:介词后绝对不能用 that 或 who! the house in that I lived the house in which I lived 练习:单项选择 1. The book _ he learned a lot is famous. A. which B. from which C. that 2. The scientist _ we heard the news is reliable. A. who B. from whom C. which 3. The box _ she put her keys is missing. A. in which B. which C. where 4.The problem _ we are talking is serious. A. about that B. about which C. which 5. The school _ he graduated has closed. A. from which B. which C. that 答案和解析: 重难点1. which vs. That 单项选择。 1. B(最高级后修饰词用 that) 2. C(gave 后缺宾语,作宾语可省略 that/which) 3. B(不定代词 everything 后必须用 that) 4. B(序数词 first 后必须用 that) 5. B(不定代词 all 后必须用 that) 6. B(介词 in 后必须用 which) 7. B(介词 about 后必须用 which) 8. C(先行词含“人+物”,必须用 that) 9. B(非限制性定语从句,逗号后只能用 which) 10. B(非限制性定语从句,用 which 指代 the park) 重难点2. who vs. that 选择。 1. 答案:B(非限制性定语从句必须用 who) 2. 答案:B(泛指人的复合代词后必须用 who) 3. 答案:A/B(通用场景,who/that 皆可) 4. 答案:B(介词后正式文体必须用 whom) 5. 答案:B(those 指人必须用 who) 6. 答案:A/B(特殊规则用 that,但 who 也可接受) 7. 答案:B(非限制性从句必须用 who) 8. 答案:B(someone 后必须用 who) 9. 答案:B(介词后必须用 whom) 10. 答案:B(先行词含“人+物”,必须用 that) 重难点3. who, whom, whose的区别(中考必考!) 用 who/whom/whose 填空。 1. 答案:who(主语) 2. 答案:whom/who(宾语) 3. 答案:whose(所属关系指物) 4. 答案:whose(所属关系指人) 5. 答案:whom(介词 with 后) 重难点4. 关系副词 when, where, why 的区别(必背!) 选择。 1. B(the day 表时间) 2. C(从句完整,缺地点状语) 3. A(reason 后用 why) 4. B(stay 不及物,缺地点状语) 5. B(date 表时间) 重难点5. 关系词的省略(难点) 改写句子(省略可省略的关系代词) 1. The movie we watched was exciting. 2. The girl I invited didn't come. 3. The cake my mom made is delicious. 4. 不可省略!who 作主语 5. 不可省略!介词后关系代词不可省) 重难点6. 介词 + 关系代词(高阶难点) 选择。 1. B(learn from sth from which) 2. B(hear from sb from whom) 3. A(put in in which) 4. B(talk about about which) 5. A(graduate from from which) 定语从句强化训练题(满分100分) 时间:45分钟 一、单项选择(每题3分,共60分) 1. The girl _ won the singing competition is only 12 years old. A. which B. who C. she 2. This is the best movie _ I have ever seen. A. that B. who C. what 3. The school _ we studied last year is being rebuilt. A. that B. where C. which 4. The man _ daughter is a doctor lives next door. A. whose B. whom C. who 5.I’ll never forget the day _ I joined the football club. A. which B. when C. what 6. The reason _ he was late was that he missed the bus. A. why B. which C. what 7. The computer _ my father bought last week doesn’t work. A. who B. what C. / (可省略) 8. The house in _ he lives is over 100 years old. A. that B. which C. where 9. The teacher _ we met yesterday teaches us English. A. who B. which C. whom 10. She has two sons, both of _ work abroad. A. whom B. them C. whose 11. We visited the factory _ makes toys for children. A. where B. which C. what 12. This is the book about _ we talked yesterday. A. that B. which C. what 13. The person to _ you should apologize is Mr. Li. A. whom B. that C. who 14. The park, _ was built last year, is very popular. A. that B. where C. which 15. Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? A. whose B. whom C. who 16. He is the only student _ can solve this problem. A. that B. which C. whom 17. I don’t like stories _ have unhappy endings. A. that B. when C. where 18. The office _ he works is on the fifth floor. A. which B. where C. that 19. The boy _ bike was stolen cried sadly. A. whose B. who C. whom 20. I can’t find the keys _ I bought yesterday. A. who B. / (可省略) C. where 二、用适当的关系词填空(每空2分,共20分) 1. The museum _ we visited yesterday is huge. 2. The woman _ bag was lost is crying. 3. That’s the hotel _ we stayed last summer. 4. The reason _ she left is unknown. 5.The dog _ is barking belongs to my neighbor. 6.I remember the time _ we built sandcastles on the beach. 7.The person _ you met is our new manager. 8.This is the village _ I was born. 9.The movie _ he recommended is fantastic. 10.He gave me a box in _ he put all his photos. 三、改正句子中的错误(每题4分,共20分) 1. The city where I was born in is very beautiful. _ 2.This is the teacher which taught us physics. _ 3. The day when we first met it was rainy. _ 4.I have a friend whom father is a pilot. _ 5.The park which we played yesterday is near my house. _ 定语从句强化训练题 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. B (先行词是人,从句缺主语用 who) 2. A (最高级后修饰词用 that) 3. B (从句完整,先行词表地点用 where) 4. A (daughter 与 man 是所属关系) 5. B (the day 表时间,用 when) 6. A (reason 后用 why) 7. C (bought 后缺宾语,关系代词作宾语可省) 8. B (介词后必须用 which) 9. C (met 后缺宾语,指人用 whom) 10. A (非限制性定语从句,指人用 whom) 11. B (从句缺主语,指物用 which) 12. B (介词后只能用 which) 13. A (介词后指人用 whom) 14. C (非限制性定语从句,指物用 which) 15. C (从句缺主语,指人用 who) 16. A (the only 修饰先行词,用 that) 17. A (从句缺主语,指物用 that) 18. B (从句完整,work 后缺地点状语用 where) 19. A (bike 与 boy 是所属关系) 20. B (keys 作 bought 的宾语,可省略关系词) 二、填空 1. which / that / 省略(visit 缺宾语) 2. whose(表示所属) 3. where(从句完整,缺地点状语) 4. why(reason 后用 why) 5. that / which(从句缺主语) 6. when(time 表时间) 7. whom / that / 省略(met 缺宾语) 8. where(born 后缺地点状语) 9. that / which / 省略(recommend 缺宾语) 10. which(介词后只能用 which) 三、改错 1. The city where I was born is... / The city (that) I was born in is... (where 后不可加介词;若用 that/which,介词 in 必须保留) 2. This is the teacher who/that taught us physics.(指人不能用 which) 3. The day when we first met was rainy.(从句中 met 已完整,it 是多余宾语) 4. I have a friend whose father is a pilot.(表示所属必须用 whose) 5. The park where we played yesterday is... / The park (that) we played in yesterday is...(play 后需加 in 才接地点;或直接用 where) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$