暑假巩固复习——宾语从句 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版九年级英语上册

宾语从句 一、宾语从句知识要点 1. 什么是宾语从句？ 作用：在复合句中，充当主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词（如 sure, afraid, glad, happy, sorry 等）的宾语的句子。 位置：通常位于及物动词、介词或形容词之后。 I know that he is a good student. (作动词 know 的宾语) She is thinking about whether she should go. (作介词 about 的宾语) I'm sure (that) you will succeed. (作形容词 sure 的宾语) 2. 宾语从句三要素 要素一：连接词 (The Conjunction/Introductory Word) 1）that:引导陈述句充当的宾语从句，本身无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。 He said (that) he was tired. I hope (that) you are happy. 2）if` / whether:引导一般疑问句（Yes/No 问句）充当的宾语从句，意为“是否”。通常可以互换，但： 后面紧跟 or not 时，常用 whether：I wonder whether or not he will come. 作介词宾语时，常用 whether：It depends on whether it rains. 在不定式前，用 whether：He doesn't know whether to go or stay. if` 更口语化。 She asked if/whether I liked pizza. Do you know if/whether the library is open? 3）疑问词 (Wh- Words):引导特殊疑问句充当的宾语从句（保留原疑问词意义，但语序需变）。 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why Please tell me who he is. I don't know what time the meeting starts. Can you explain why you were late? He asked where I lived. 要素二：语序 (Word Order) 核心规则：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序！ 无论原句是疑问句还是感叹句，变成宾语从句后，语序一律调整为： 连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。 错误纠正示例： ❌ I wonder where is the post office. ✅ I wonder where the post office is. (疑问词 where + 主语 the post office + 谓语 is) ❌ She asked me what did I want. ✅ She asked me what I wanted. (疑问词 what + 主语 I + 谓语 wanted) ❌ He told us that how beautiful the park was. (感叹句原语序) ✅ He told us (that) the park was very beautiful. (连接词 that + 主语 the park + 谓语 was + 表语 beautiful) 要素三：时态 (Tense) 1）主句是现在时态 (一般现在时/现在进行时/现在完成时等)： 宾语从句的时态根据其自身表达的时间概念和实际情况灵活使用（不受主句限制）。 He says that he loves music. (同时发生) She knows that they arrived yesterday. (从句动作发生在主句动作之前) I think it will rain tomorrow. (从句动作发生在主句动作之后) 2）主句是过去时态 (一般过去时/过去进行时等)： 宾语从句的时态通常需要做相应的时态呼应，调整为过去范畴的时态（一般过去时/过去进行时/过去将来时/过去完成时）。 He said that he was tired. (主句 said 过去时，从句 am/is/are → was/were) She told me she was doing her homework. (主句told过去时，从句 am/is/are doing →was/were doing) They knew that we would come back soon. (主句 knew 过去时，从句 will →would) He realized that he had left his keys at home. (主句 realized 过去时，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，用过去完成时 had done) 3）时态呼应例外情况： 客观真理、科学事实、格言谚语等：永远用一般现在时。 The teacher taught us that the earth revolves around the sun. (地球绕太阳转是客观事实) 从句中有明确的过去时间状语：通常保留原时态（一般过去时），强调动作发生在过去的具体时间点。 He said that he was born in 1990. (有明确的过去时间状语 in 1990) 表达习惯性动作或状态：有时也可保留原时态。 She **told** me she **goes** jogging every morning. (强调每天早上跑步的习惯) 3. 其他注意事项 1）标点符号：宾语从句本身不用问号或感叹号（即使它是由疑问句转变而来），句末标点由整个主句决定。 Do you know where he lives? (主句是疑问句，句末用问号) I don't know where he lives. (主句是陈述句，句末用句号) 2）否定转移：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等表示“认为、相信”的词，且主句主语是第一人称 (I/we) 时，常将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句谓语上。 ❌ I think he is not right. (不自然) ✅ I don't think he is right. (更自然：我认为他不对) 但疑问句依然否定从句：Do you think he is not right? 二、 宾语从句专项练习 练习一：选择正确的连接词 (that, if/whether, what, when, where, how, why, who) 1. I don't know ________ he is coming to the party tonight. 2. Can you tell me ________ the nearest bus stop is? 3. She asked me ________ I had finished my homework. 4. We are discussing ________ we should go for a picnic this weekend. 5. He explained ________ he was late for the meeting. 6. Please tell me ________ broke the window. 7. I wonder ________ much this book costs. 8. My parents are happy ________ I passed the exam. 9. I'm not sure ________ it will rain tomorrow or not. (考虑用 whether) 10. The news ________ our team won made us excited. 练习二：语序纠正 (将下列句子中的宾语从句部分改为正确的陈述句语序) 1. Do you know when will the train arrive? → Do you know _______________? 2. Could you tell me where is the library? → Could you tell me _______________? 3. I don't understand what does this word mean. → I don't understand _______________. 4. He asked me how old am I. → He asked me _______________. 5. We need to find out who did he invite to the party. → We need to find out _______________. 练习三：时态填空 (根据主句时态，填写宾语从句的正确动词形式) 1. He says (say) that he ________ (like) reading novels. 2. She told (tell) me she ________ (go) to Shanghai the next week. 3. I know (know) that light ________ (travel) faster than sound. 4. They didn't know (not know) if we ________ (finish) the project yet. 5. My father asked (ask) me what I ________ (do) at that time yesterday. 6. The teacher explained (explain) why the sky ________ (be) blue. 7. I thought (think) you ________ (be) at home. 8. She promised (promise) that she ________ (help) me with my English. 9. We heard (hear) that there ________ (be) an accident on the highway last night. 10. He believes (believe) that he ________ (can) solve the problem. 练习四：综合运用 (将两个句子合并成一个含有宾语从句的复合句) 1. Where is the museum? Can you tell me? → Can you tell me _______________? 2. He will come back soon. I think so. → I think _______________. 3. Does Lucy like swimming? I don't know. → I don't know _______________. 4. How did you fix the computer? Please show me. → Please show me _______________. 5. We won the game. The news made us happy. → The news _______________ made us happy. 6. He didn't attend the meeting. What was the reason? → I wonder _______________. 7. It might rain tomorrow. I'm not sure. → I'm not sure _______________. 8. You should study harder. The teacher suggested that. → The teacher suggested _______________. 练习五：改错 (找出宾语从句中的错误并改正) 1. Do you know where is Mr. Smith's office? 2. I asked her what did she want for her birthday. 3. He told me that he has finished his work. 4. We are discussing if we will go or not. 5. She is afraid that will she fail the test. 6. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. 7. I don't think he isn't honest. (考虑否定转移) 8. He wondered how could he solve the problem. 参考答案： 练习一： 1. if/whether 2. where 3. if/whether 4. whether/if (whether 更好，因为涉及选择) 5. why 6. who 7. how 8. that 9. whether 10. that 练习二： 1. ... when the train will arrive. 2. ... where the library is. 3. ... what this word means. 4. ... how old I was. (注意时态呼应，am 变 was) 5. ... who he invited to the party. (或 ... whom he invited to the party. / ... who was invited to the party.) 练习三： 1. likes (主句现在时，从句现在时) 2. would go (主句过去时，从句动作在将来 would go) 3. travels (客观真理) 4. had finished (主句过去时，从句动作在之前完成用过去完成时) 5. was doing (主句过去时，从句动作在过去某时正在进行用过去进行时) 6. is (科学事实，用一般现在时) 7. were (主句过去时，从句状态在过去用were) 8. would help (主句过去时，从句动作在将来用would help) 9. was (从句有明确过去时间状语 last night，保留一般过去时) 10. can (主句现在时，从句用自身需要的时态 can) 练习四： 1. ... where the museum is. 2. ... (that) he will come back soon. 3. ... if/whether Lucy likes swimming. 4. ... how you fixed the computer. 5. ... that we won the game... 6. ... why he didn't attend the meeting. 7. ... if/whether it might rain tomorrow. (或 ... whether it will rain tomorrow or not.) 8. ... (that) I should study harder. / ... that we should study harder. (根据原句主语) 练习五： 1. ... where Mr. Smith's office is. (语序错误) 2. ... what she wanted for her birthday. (语序错误 did she want → she wanted；注意时态 wanted) 3. ... he had finished his work. (时态呼应：主句过去时，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，用过去完成时) 4. ... whether we will go or not. (与 or not 连用，whether 更佳) 5. ... that she will fail the test. (语序错误：连接词 that + 主语 she + 谓语 will fail) 6. (此句正确。that 引导同位语从句说明 fact，结构无误。) 7. I don't think he is honest. (否定转移：I don't think he is honest.) 8. ... how he could solve the problem. (语序错误：how could he→ how he could) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$