Unit 5 Revealing Nature 语法Grammar 过去完成时-2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）

Unit 5 Revealing Nature 过去完成时练习 一、单项选择 1．By the time the teacher asked for the essays, most students _________ their drafts to the online platform. A．submit B．had submitted C．were submitting D．have submitted 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到老师收论文时，大多数学生已经将草稿提交到了在线平台。根据从句By the time the teacher asked for the essays可知，主句动作发生在“asked”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故选B。 2．By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for 10 minutes. A．had been on B．has been on C．is on D．was on 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始10分钟了。“by the time”引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时，表示 “过去的过去”，即电影开始的动作发生在“到达电影院”这个过去动作之前。故选A项。 3．Due to the traffic jam, I arrived at the airport too late. The plane ________ when I got there. A．leaves B．left C．has left D．had left 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：由于交通堵塞，我到机场太晚了。我到那里时飞机已经起飞了。根据got可知，从句使用一般过去时表示过去的动作，结合语意，leave这一动作发生在I got there之前，即“过去的过去”，所以主句应用过去完成时，即had left。故选D。 4．By the end of last year, he ______ over 100 classic novels. A．has read B．read C．was reading D．had read 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：到去年年底，他已经读了超过100本经典小说。题干中的时间状语“by the end of last year”表示“到去年年底为止”，强调过去某一时间点之前完成的动作，因此需用过去完成时（had done）。故选D项。 5．Lady Wang________ as a secretary for 5 years in the company before she joined us. A．had worked B．worked C．has worked D．would work 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：王女士在加入我们公司之前已经在这个公司做了5年的秘书。根据后文before she joined us可知表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选A。 6．Before I knew it, the lost dog ______ its way into my house through the hole in the fence. A．has found B．had found C．has recently D．was finding 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我还没反应过来，那条走失的狗就从篱笆上的洞钻进了我家。空处作谓语，结合“Before I knew it”可知，谓语行为发生在过去的过去，时态应用过去完成时。故选B。 7．Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we ________. A．had expected B．expected C．have expected D．expect 【答案】A 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：手写所有的请柬比我们预料的要花更多的时间。分析句子结构可知，“Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming”是主句，时态是一般过去式，than引导比较状语从句；主句的动作是“写邀请函花费了更多时间”，而比较的对象是“我们之前预期”的时间。因此，“预期”这个动作应该发生在主句的动作之前，也就是过去的过去，这时候应该用过去完成时，即had expected。故选A。 8．The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ______ the party. A．had cancelled B．will cancel C．has cancelled D．cancels 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。cancel“取消”。孩子们发现派对被取消是在过去，而取消的动作发生在发现之前，因此时态用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故选A项。 9．Before the power went out, she ________ to save her work on the computer, preventing any loss of data. A．was managing B．would manage C．has managed D．had managed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：在停电之前，她设法把她的工作保存在电脑上，避免了任何数据丢失。由Before the power went out和to save her work可知，在停电前她就已经把保存了她的工作，went out是过去的事情，空格处用过去完成时，表示过去的过去完成的动作，因此空格处是had managed。故选D。 10．Not until I got down to my work did I realize how much time I _______. A．had wasted B．had been wasted C．have wasted D．have been wasted 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：直到我开始工作，我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。根据“Not until”置于句首，及did I realize可知，此句是一个部分倒装句式，realize发生在过去时，句中waste发生在过去动作realize之前，因此需要使用过去完成时，主语I与waste是主动关系，因此需要使用过去完成时的主动式。故选A。 11．They became friends again that day. Until then, they ________ to each other for nearly two years. A．didn’t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．spoke 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：那天他们又成了朋友。在那之前，他们已经有近两年没说过话了。“他们已经有近两年没说过话”发生在“他们又成了朋友”之前，表示过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故选B项。 12．They _______ the travel plan thoroughly before booking the tickets, making sure that every detail was carefully considered. A．discuss B．were discussing C．have discussed D．had discussed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：在订票之前，他们已经对旅行计划进行了充分的讨论，确保每个细节都考虑周全。由“before booking the tickets”以及“making sure that every detail was carefully considered”可知，discuss的动作发生在过去的过去，因此时态用过去完成时，故选D。 13．Dad was frustrated because it was the second time that he his wallet. A．lost B．loses C．have lost D．had lost 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：爸爸很沮丧，因为这是他第二次丢钱包了。“it was the second time that...” 是一个固定结构，that后面的从句时态应该用过去完成时，即“had + 过去分词”。故选D。 14．She said she ______ the proof before. A．provide B．has provided C．had provided D．provides 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：她说她以前提供过证据。根据句中的时间状语before可知，她提供证据发生在她说(said)之前，此处表示“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时。故选C项。 15．By the time he moved to Vienna, Ludwig van Beethoven ______ a reputation as a wonderful young musician. A．enjoyed B．was enjoying C．has enjoyed D．had enjoyed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当Ludwig van Beethoven搬到维也纳时，他已经拥有了作为一位优秀青年音乐家的声誉。enjoy“享有”。时间状语为“by+过去时间”，句子时态用过去完成时，根据时间状语By the time he moved to Vienna可知，主句时态需用过去完成时，谓语用had enjoyed。故选D。 16．I found the lecture hard to understand because it _________ when I arrived. A．has started B．started C．had started D．was starting 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：我发现演讲很难懂，因为当我到达的时候，演讲已经开始了。空处动作start发生在过去的动作arrived之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故选C项。 17．I ________ to visit you last Friday, but I didn’t, for I had something urgent to deal with then. A．has planned B．had planned C．planned D．was planned 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我本来计划上周五来拜访你，但由于当时有紧急的事情要处理，因此没有去。plan这个动作发生在后文的didn’t之前，表示过去的过去，需要使用过去完成时态 had planned，表示本打算做而未做。故选B。 18．It was the first time that she _________ him in person. A．saw B．had seen C．has seen D．have seen 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是她第一次亲自见到他。It was the first time that...是固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做……”，从句中的时态是过去完成时。故选B。 19．— Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? — Not really. She us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A．was to give B．will give C．was giving D．had given 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你找到安的家有困难吗？——不完全是。她给我们指明了方向，我们很容易就找到了。根据“and we were able to find it easily.”可知，“给指示”这个动作是在过去动作“找到”之前发生，要用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。故选D。 20．By the time I graduated, I________ many valuable lessons about handling disappointments and challenges in high school. A．had learned B．learned C．have learned D．will have learned 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：到我毕业的时候，我已经学到了很多关于在高中处理失望和挑战的宝贵经验。根据时间状语By the time I graduated可知，句子描述到过去的某个时间为止，已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时。故选A。 二、语法填空 21．I (finish) reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. 【答案】had finished 【详解】考查时态。句意：我读完了乔治·艾略特所著的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》一书，但书中的结局让我感到无比悲痛。根据后文 I was heartbroken可知表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had finished。 22．We went to work in the morning and found that somebody (break) into the office during the night. 【答案】had broken 【详解】考查时态。句意：早晨我们来上班时，发现有人晚上破门进入过办公室。设空处动词的动作发生在found之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。故填had broken。 23．I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived. 【答案】had started 【详解】考查时态。句意：我发现这个讲座很难跟上，因为我到的时候它已经开始了。 it (指代the lecture)与start为主动关系，“到达（arrived）”是过去的动作，“讲座开始”发生在“到达”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”。故填had started。 24．By the end of June 2023, Stephen Curry (win) the NBA Championship four times. 【答案】had won 【详解】考查时态。句意：截至2023年6月底，斯蒂芬·库里的NBA总冠军头衔已累计获得四次。设空处作谓语，Stephen Curry作主语；由时间状语By the end of June 2023可知，本句表示动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，故填had won。 25．It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping (realise) his dream of developing seawater rice. 【答案】had realised 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：袁隆平实现了开发海水稻的梦想，这让全世界都感到惊讶。that引导主语从句，设空处在从句中作谓语，且与其主语Yuan Longping之间为主动关系；根据语境并结合surprised可知，设空处动作发生在surprised之前，故此处应用过去完成时。故填had realised。 26．It was the first time that Chen Liyan (report) her story. 【答案】had reported 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是Chen Liyan第一次报道她的故事。It was the first time that+从句为固定句型，意为“是某人第一次做某事”，that从句中用过去完成时，即had done。故填had reported。 27．After listening to the scientists who (study) the problem for a year, the government turned to the United Nations for help. 【答案】had studied 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：在听取了研究这个问题一年的科学家的意见后，政府转向联合国寻求帮助。study表示的动作发生在turned之前，使用过去完成时，故填had studied。 28．By the Shang Dynasty, animal bones and shells (become) a well-developed writing system. 【答案】had become 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：到了商代，在动物的骨头和贝壳上写字（甲骨文）已经成为一种发达的文字系统。结合时间状语“By the Shang Dynasty”可知，此处描述到过去某个时间以前已经完成的事情，使用过去完成时，故填had become。 29．It was really annoying; I couldn’t get access to the data bank you (recommend). 【答案】had recommended 【详解】考查时态。句意：这真的很让人恼火；我无法访问您所推荐的那个数据库。空格处是谓语动词，recommend的动作发生在couldn’t get access to之前，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故填had recommended。 30．Tom was shocked to realize that the two-month summer vacation (pass) before he knew it. 【答案】had passed 【详解】考查时态。句意：汤姆震惊地意识到，不知不觉中两个月的暑假已经过去了。本空为that引导的宾语从句的谓语，根据时间状语before he knew it和was shocked可知，此处表示在过去某一时间（汤姆震惊地意识到时）之前已经完成的动作（暑假已经过去），即“过去的过去”，所以时态应用过去完成时；pass“（时间）流逝，过去”的过去分词是passed。故填had passed。 31．By the time I left the school, he (teach) the class for 3 years. 【答案】had taught 【详解】考查时态。句意：到我离开学校的时候，他已经教这个班3年了。by the time...是完成时的标志，由By the time I left the school可知，“他教这个班3年”这一动作发生在“我离开学校”之前，即“过去的过去”。表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时。故填had taught。 32．Luckily, the parents (put) away all the clothes before it rained. 【答案】had put 【详解】考查时态。句意：幸运的是，父母在下雨前把所有的衣服都收起来了。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语从句before it rained可知，此处表示过去的过去发生的动作，应用过去完成时。故填had put。 33．In order to hide his sadness, he talked and laughed as if nothing (happen). 【答案】had happened 【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：为了掩饰自己的悲伤，他谈笑风生，好像什么都没发生过。由talked and laughed可知，as if引导的从句表示与过去相反的事实，时态用过去完成时，因此空格处是had happened。故填had happened。 34．By the time she retired, her decisions (lead) the company to success. 【答案】had led 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到她退休的时候，她的决策已经带领公司走向了成功。本空为主句谓语，根据时间状语By the time she retired可知，主句的动作lead“带领”发生在从句动作retired之前，即“过去的过去”，主句时态要用过去完成时。故填had led。 35．The host introduced that the beautiful city, Lanzhou, (witness) millions of visitors over the past three years. 【答案】had witnessed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：主持人介绍说，在过去的三年里，美丽的兰州见证了数百万的游客。空处作谓语，witness发生在introduced之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时。故填had witnessed。 36．By the time I got to the airport, the plane (take) off. 【答案】had taken 【详解】考查时态。句意：当我到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。根据上文By the time I got to the airport可知，此处谓语表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，故填had taken。 37．I (mean) to retire at 60, but my boss in my company asked me to stay on for a few more years. 【答案】had meant 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本来打算60岁退休，但公司老板让我再多干几年。mean发生在asked之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，had meant to do表示“本打算做某事而未作”。故填had meant。 38．It was the first time that Jane (visit) the Great Wall, so she felt very excited. 【答案】had visited 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：这是Jane第一次参观长城，所以她感到非常兴奋。此处为句型It was the first time that+过去完成时，意为“这是第一次……”。故填had visited。 39．He, up to then, (find) a good subject to write about. 【答案】had found 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到那时为止，他已经找到了一个很好的写作题材。空处应填谓语动词，由时间状语up to then可知动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had found。 40．When the old man started to walk back to his house, the sun (hide) itself behind the mountain already. 【答案】had hidden 【详解】考查时态。句意：当老人开始走回家时，太阳已经藏在山后面了。根据句意可知，从句描述过去发生的事情为一般过去时，主句的动作发生在started to walk back之前，时态为过去完成时，hide“躲藏”的过去分词是hidden。故填had hidden。 三、完成句子 41．我原打算参加你的生日聚会, 但是我被告知要出席学校的一项活动。 I , but I was told to attend an activity in our school. 【答案】had intended to join in your birthday party 【详解】考查动词的时态以及非谓语动词。本题要翻译“原打算参加你的生日聚会”。but部分用了过去时，空所在句要用过去范畴的时态。“原打算”用过去完成时had intended表示，强调本打算做但没做，该词要接动词不定式作宾语，“参加你的生日聚会”翻译成to join in your birthday party。故填had intended to join in your birthday party。 42．他刚走出车站，就看到他的父母在等他。 He he saw his parents were waiting for him. 【答案】had just got out of the station when 【详解】考查固定句型。“had just done...when...”。该句型表示“刚做完某事就……”。“走出车站”为get out of the station。故填had just got out of the station when。 43．海伦把钥匙留在办公室，所以她不得不等到丈夫回家。 Helen so she had to wait until her husband came home. 【答案】had left her keys in the office 【详解】考查动词短语及时态。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“把钥匙留在办公室”，“把……留在某地”应用动词短语leave sth. in/at some place；该句描述的是过去发生的事情，且leave这个动作发生在had to wait之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，leave的过去分词为left，“钥匙”翻译为her keys，“在办公室”翻译为in the office。故填had left her keys in the office。 44．She , so it was very tidy. 她已经打扫过了，所以办公室很整洁。 【答案】had cleaned the office 【详解】考查时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“已经打扫过办公室了”，“打扫”是clean，“办公室”是the office，由was可知，是在过去的过去就打扫完了，因此空格处的时态用过去完成时，因此空格处是had cleaned the office。故填had cleaned the office。 45．Molly had fought and of flying. 莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。 【答案】overcome her fear 【详解】考查动词。“克服”可用动词overcome表示，and连接两个并列的谓语动词，与“had fought”保持一致，overcome也用过去完成时态had overcome，避免重复助动词had可省略；“恐惧”作宾语，用名词fear，结合语境，指“她的恐惧”，用形容词性物主代词her作定语。故填overcome her fear。 46．He supper was served. 他刚刚读完这本书，这时晚饭就端上来了。 【答案】had just finished reading the book when 【详解】考查固定句型。“had just done...when...”是固定句型，意为“刚刚做完某事这时……” ，“读完书”是finish reading the book ，故填had just finished reading the book when。 47．Barry took up the story where Justine . 巴里从贾斯廷停下的地方接着把故事讲下去。 【答案】had left off 【详解】考查时态。表示“停止”leave off。“贾斯廷停下”这一动作发生在“巴里接着讲”之前，为“过去的过去”，时态应用过去完成时，此处应用其过去分词形式，和had构成过去完成时。故填had left off。 48．他刚跑进教室，这时老师进来了。 the teacher came in. 【答案】He had just rushed into the classroom when 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“某人刚刚做了某事这时……”应用句型sb had just done sth when，主句谓语动词为过去完成时，时间状语从句为一般过去时，表示“跑进”应用动词短语rush into ，作主句谓语动词，此处应用过去完成时，表示动作发生在从句谓语动词came in之前，故答案为He had just rushed into the classroom when。 49． I heard Dad’s phone ringing. 我已经睡着了，这时突然听到爸爸的电话响了。 【答案】I’d fallen asleep when 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“睡着”使用动词短语fall asleep，此处使用had done when，表示“刚做完某事，这时……”，故填I’d fallen asleep when。 50．那是我第一次观看现场音乐表演。 a live musical performance. 【答案】That was the first time I had watched 【详解】考查固定句型，过去完成时，一般过去时，动词。“第一次做某事”可使用句型“that is the first time that …”，本句描述过去事实，因此主句需要使用一般过去时，即“that was the first time that …”，在该句型中从句谓语用过去完成时。故答案为：That was the first time I had watched。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Revealing Nature 过去完成时练习 一、单项选择 1．By the time the teacher asked for the essays, most students _________ their drafts to the online platform. A．submit B．had submitted C．were submitting D．have submitted 2．By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for 10 minutes. A．had been on B．has been on C．is on D．was on 3．Due to the traffic jam, I arrived at the airport too late. The plane ________ when I got there. A．leaves B．left C．has left D．had left 4．By the end of last year, he ______ over 100 classic novels. A．has read B．read C．was reading D．had read 5．Lady Wang________ as a secretary for 5 years in the company before she joined us. A．had worked B．worked C．has worked D．would work 6．Before I knew it, the lost dog ______ its way into my house through the hole in the fence. A．has found B．had found C．has recently D．was finding 7．Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we ________. A．had expected B．expected C．have expected D．expect 8．The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ______ the party. A．had cancelled B．will cancel C．has cancelled D．cancels 9．Before the power went out, she ________ to save her work on the computer, preventing any loss of data. A．was managing B．would manage C．has managed D．had managed 10．Not until I got down to my work did I realize how much time I _______. A．had wasted B．had been wasted C．have wasted D．have been wasted 11．They became friends again that day. Until then, they ________ to each other for nearly two years. A．didn’t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．spoke 12．They _______ the travel plan thoroughly before booking the tickets, making sure that every detail was carefully considered. A．discuss B．were discussing C．have discussed D．had discussed 13．Dad was frustrated because it was the second time that he his wallet. A．lost B．loses C．have lost D．had lost 14．She said she ______ the proof before. A．provide B．has provided C．had provided D．provides 15．By the time he moved to Vienna, Ludwig van Beethoven ______ a reputation as a wonderful young musician. A．enjoyed B．was enjoying C．has enjoyed D．had enjoyed 16．I found the lecture hard to understand because it _________ when I arrived. A．has started B．started C．had started D．was starting 17．I ________ to visit you last Friday, but I didn’t, for I had something urgent to deal with then. A．has planned B．had planned C．planned D．was planned 18．It was the first time that she _________ him in person. A．saw B．had seen C．has seen D．have seen 19．— Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? — Not really. She us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A．was to give B．will give C．was giving D．had given 20．By the time I graduated, I________ many valuable lessons about handling disappointments and challenges in high school. A．had learned B．learned C．have learned D．will have learned 二、语法填空 21．I (finish) reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. 22．We went to work in the morning and found that somebody (break) into the office during the night. 23．I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived. 24．By the end of June 2023, Stephen Curry (win) the NBA Championship four times. 25．It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping (realise) his dream of developing seawater rice. 26．It was the first time that Chen Liyan (report) her story. 27．After listening to the scientists who (study) the problem for a year, the government turned to the United Nations for help. 28．By the Shang Dynasty, animal bones and shells (become) a well-developed writing system. 29．It was really annoying; I couldn’t get access to the data bank you (recommend). 30．Tom was shocked to realize that the two-month summer vacation (pass) before he knew it. 31．By the time I left the school, he (teach) the class for 3 years. 32．Luckily, the parents (put) away all the clothes before it rained. 33．In order to hide his sadness, he talked and laughed as if nothing (happen). 34．By the time she retired, her decisions (lead) the company to success. 35．The host introduced that the beautiful city, Lanzhou, (witness) millions of visitors over the past three years. 36．By the time I got to the airport, the plane (take) off. 37．I (mean) to retire at 60, but my boss in my company asked me to stay on for a few more years. 38．It was the first time that Jane (visit) the Great Wall, so she felt very excited. 39．He, up to then, (find) a good subject to write about. 40．When the old man started to walk back to his house, the sun (hide) itself behind the mountain already. 三、完成句子 41．我原打算参加你的生日聚会, 但是我被告知要出席学校的一项活动。 I , but I was told to attend an activity in our school. 42．他刚走出车站，就看到他的父母在等他。 He he saw his parents were waiting for him. 43．海伦把钥匙留在办公室，所以她不得不等到丈夫回家。 Helen so she had to wait until her husband came home. 44．She , so it was very tidy. 她已经打扫过了，所以办公室很整洁。 45．Molly had fought and of flying. 莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。 46．He supper was served. 他刚刚读完这本书，这时晚饭就端上来了。 47．Barry took up the story where Justine . 巴里从贾斯廷停下的地方接着把故事讲下去。 48．他刚跑进教室，这时老师进来了。 the teacher came in. 49． I heard Dad’s phone ringing. 我已经睡着了，这时突然听到爸爸的电话响了。 50．那是我第一次观看现场音乐表演。 a live musical performance. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$