Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 情态动词 can 和 could-【简语法-单元重点语法精练】英语八年级上册（人教版2024）

单元核心语法·精练 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home （情态动词 can 和 could） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、情态动词 can 和 could 的用法 用法介绍 can 和 could 均为情态动词，可表示能力、请求、许可或推测。could 是 can 的过去式，语气更委婉，常用于礼貌请求或征求许可，答语中通常用 can 而非 could。 功能 句型结构 示例 委婉请求他人做某事 Could you (please) + 动词原形 + 其他？ Could you please open the door?（请你开门好吗？） 委婉请求他人允许自己做某事 Could I + 动词原形 + 其他？ Could I use your phone?（我可以用一下你的手机吗？） 表示过去的能力 主语 + could + 动词原形 + 其他（描述过去具备的能力） He could swim when he was five.（他五岁时就会游泳了。） 表示推测（可能性） 主语 + could + 动词原形 + 其他（对过去、现在或将来的可能性推测） The book could be Lucy’s.（这本书可能是露西的。） 表示建议 主语 + could + 动词原形 + 其他（提出委婉的建议） You could ask the teacher for help.（你可以向老师求助。） 注意事项 1. 答语规范：对 “Could you...?” 的肯定回答可用 “OK./Certainly./With pleasure.” 等，否定回答用 “Sorry, I can’t.（因为……）”；对 “Could I...?” 的肯定回答用 “Yes, you can.”，否定回答用 “Sorry, you can’t.”，答语中不用 could。 例句：当别人说 “Could you pass the salt?” 时，你可以回答 “Certainly.”；如果不能帮忙，可回答 “Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy right now.” 2. 语气区别：can 语气较直接，could 更委婉，但两者都可表示请求，具体根据语境选择（如正式场合多用 could）。 例句：朋友之间可以直接说 “Can you lend me some money?”；而在向陌生人求助时，用 “Could you lend me some money?” 会更礼貌。 3. 时态限制：could 表过去能力时，对应的现在时用 can；表推测时，could 不表过去，仅表可能性比 can 弱。 例句：“He could swim when he was five.”（表过去能力），对应的现在时为 “He can swim now.”；“This could be the right answer.”（表推测，可能性较弱），“This can be the right answer.”（可能性相对较强）。 二、could 的特殊用法补充 用法介绍 除上述基础用法外，could 还可用于虚拟语气或间接引语中，体现语境的委婉或过去的语境。 用法场景 示例 间接引语中转述过去的请求 She asked if she could borrow my pen.（她问她是否可以借我的笔。） 虚拟语气中表未实现的可能性 I could have passed the exam if I studied harder.（如果我更努力，本可以通过考试的。） 注意事项 1. 虚拟语气中的 could：此时 could 不表过去，而是表示与事实相反的假设，需结合语境判断。 例句：“If I had more time, I could finish the task.”（实际没有更多时间，此处 could 表示与事实相反的假设）。 2. 避免混淆：不要将 could 的委婉用法与过去式用法混淆，如 “Could you help me?” 仅表委婉，不表过去。 例句：“Could you help me carry this box?” 这句话只是出于礼貌请求对方帮忙，并非指过去的时间；而 “He could help others when he was young.” 中的 could 才是表过去的能力。 一、单项选择 1. （24-25八年级上·天津·期中）—Can you go out with us tonight? —I’d love to, but I ________. I have to finish my work. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——今晚你可以和我们出去吗？——我很愿意，但是我不能。我必须完成我的工作。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该。根据“I have to finish my work.”可知，说话者有工作要完成，“不能”答应对方的请求。故选A。 2. （24-25八年级上·北京海淀·期中）The boy is only six years old, but he ________ ride a bike. A．must B．can C．should D．need 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个男孩只有六岁，但他会骑自行车。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；can能，会；should应该；need需要。结合选项和题干可知，此处表示这个男孩会骑自行车。故选B。 3. （24-25八年级上·上海闵行·期中）Jane ________ be at home now. I saw her playing tennis at school just now. A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：简现在不可能在家。我刚才看见她在学校打网球。 考查情态动词。wouldn’t不会；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；needn’t不必。根据下文“I saw her playing tennis at school just now.”可知，上文是有把握的否定推测，表示不可能在家，can’t表示有把握的否定推测。故选C。 4. （23-24八年级上·云南昭通·期中）—Must I return the book tomorrow? —No, you ________. You ________ keep it for another two days. A．mustn’t; can B．needn’t; can C．don’t have to; must D．must; must 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我明天必须还书吗？——不，你不必。你可以再保留两天。 考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止；can可以；needn’t不必；don’t have to不必；must必须。以“Must I”开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to. 第二空表示“可以”再保留两天。故选B。 5. （23-24八年级上·贵州毕节·期中）The boy is only five years old. But he is able to write more than 500 English words. A．can B．must C．shall D．will 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个男孩只有五岁。但是他能写超过500个英文单词。 考查情态动词。can能够（表示能力或请求）；must必须；shall必须，应该，可以，将要；will将要。连词but前后，but前表示他只有五岁，but后表示他会写超过500个英文单词，be able to=can“能”，故选A。 6．（23-24八年级上·湖北武汉·期中）—________ I come back before five o’clock? —No, you________. But you________ be back later than seven o’clock. A．Must; needn’t; mustn’t B．May; mustn’t; can’t C．Can; can’t; can’t D．Must; needn’t; can’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我必须五点之前回来吗？——不，你不必。但是你不能晚于七点回来。 考查情态动词。must引起的问句，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”；mustn’t表示“禁止”。根据“No”可知，此处表示不必五点之前回来，用needn’t或don’t have to，排除B和C选项。根据“but”可知，前后句意表示转折，此处表示但是不能晚于七点回来，用can’t表示“不可以，不能”。故选D。 7．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）—I often see the sign in restaurants. What does it mean?   —It means people ________ bring their pets into the restaurant. A．needn’t B．can’t C．may D．would 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我经常在餐馆看到这个标志。这是什么意思？——意思是人们不能把宠物带进餐厅。 考查动词辨析。needn’t不必；can’t不能；may可能；would将要。图片中的标志显示“NO PETS ALLOWED”，意思是“不允许带宠物”。因此表示人们不能带宠物进入餐厅。故选B。 8．（23-24八年级上·北京东城·期中）—Tomorrow is Saturday. Can you hang out with us tonight? —Sorry, but I ________. I have to visit my grandma. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——明天是星期六。你今晚能和我们一起出去玩吗？ ——对不起，我不能。我得去看望我的奶奶。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该。根据“Can you hang out with us tonight?”可知，这是一个请求，否定回答时应用can’t。故选A。 9．（22-23八年级上·江苏南通·期中）— Could you please ________ the door? I feel very cold. — OK. But I think you’d better ________ your coat. A．not to open; put on B．not to open; to put on C．not open; put on D．not open; to put on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——请不要打开门好吗？我觉得很冷。——好的。但我认为你最好穿上你的外套。 考查动词形式。Could you please (not) do sth.?“请你（不要）做某事好吗”是固定句型，could是情态动词，所以用动词原形；had better do sth.“最好做某事”，后跟动词原形。故选C。 10．（21-22八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）The little boy spoke in such a low voice that her mother ________ hardly (几乎不) understand what he said. A．must B．could C．might D．should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小男孩说话的声音很小，她的母亲几乎听不懂他说什么。 考查情态动词。must必须；could能够；might可能；should应该。固定短语could hardly do sth.“几乎不能做某事”，故选B。 11．（24-25八年级上·甘肃定西·期末）—Why didn’t you come to the meeting yesterday? —I ________ come because I was sick. A．may not B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么没来开会？——我因为生病不能来。 考查动词辨析。may not可能不；mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该。根据“because I was sick.”可知是因为生病不能来。故选C。 12．（23-24八年级上·陕西商洛·期末）—________you help me? I can’t move the box by myself. —No problem. A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能帮我一下吗？我自己搬不动这个箱子。——没问题。 考查情态动词。could能；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“…you help me?”可知，此处表示委婉地请求，应用情态动词could。故选A。 13．（23-24八年级上·安徽六安·期末）—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning. —I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——有些人在一开始并没有展示出他们的才能。——我同意。甚至爱因斯坦直到7岁才会阅读。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；mustn’t不行，不可以；couldn’t不能，表示过去的能力；needn’t不需要。根据“Even Einstein…read until he was seven.”可知，此处是指爱因斯坦7岁以前都不会阅读，表示过去的能力，用couldn’t。故选C。 14．（23-24八年级上·湖北武汉·期末）— Could I borrow your dictionary? — Of course you ________. A．could B．will C．should D．can 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我能借你的字典吗？——当然你可以。 考查情态动词。could能够，过去式；will将要；should应该；can能，可以。根据“Could I borrow your dictionary?”可知，could在疑问句中表示委婉的语气，回答时用can。故选D。 15．（22-23八年级上·云南昭通·期末）—________ I borrow your English dictionary? —Yes, of course you ________. A．Could; could B．Must; can C．Could; can D．Can; could 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我能借用一下你的英语词典吗？——可以，当然行。 考查情态动词。could可以，能，表示委婉的请求；must必须，一定；can可以，能。问句在请求借东西，需用could表达客气的语气，答句用can表示允许。故选C。 二、完成句子：根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 1. （24-25八年级上·山东菏泽·期末）这个星期天你能和我一起去公园吗，莎莉？ with me this Sunday, Sally? 【答案】Could you go to the park/Can you go to the park 【详解】根据汉语提示可知此句为一般疑问句。“能”的英语为“can/could”，在一般疑问句中放在句首且首字母大写，后加动词原形；主语为“you”，谓语为“go to the prak”。故填Could/Can you go to the park。 2. （23-24八年级上·湖北黄石·期中）玛丽是一名优秀的老师，她总能激发学生们表现出最好的一面。 Mary is an excellent teacher and she can always in her students. 【答案】bring out the best 【详解】句意：根据句意及句子结构可知，空处缺动宾短语，bring out表示“激发”，是固定短语，the best表示“最好的一面”。根据句中“can”一词可知，其后跟动词原形，故填bring out the best。 3. （22-23八年级上·广东韶关·期末）如果你提高自己的信息技术技能，就容易找到工作。 If you improve your IT skills, you a job easily. 【答案】 will/can find 【详解】“找到”find；if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，其结构为will do，也可用can表示“能够”，后接动词原形。故填will/can；find。 4. （22-23八年级上·贵州六盘水·期末）如果你每天阅读英语，那么你就可以进步。 you read English every day, you make progress. 【答案】 If can 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处考查if引导的条件状语从句，句首首字母大写。第二空应为情态动词can“可以”。故填If；can。 5. （21-22八年级上·贵州贵阳·期末）你不能指望在一周内学会一门外语。 You to learn a foreign language in one week. 【答案】 can’t expect 【详解】对比中英文，英文句子缺少“不能指望”。can’t表示“不能”，情态动词后加动词原形；expect to do sth“期待做某事”。故填can’t；expect。 6. （21-22八年级上·广东韶关·期末）你做完作业才能玩电脑游戏。 You play computer games you finish your homework. 【答案】 can’t until 【详解】can“可以/能”；not…until表示“直到……才……”，是固定结构。结合语境，可知是说“在你完成作业之前不许玩电脑游戏”，需用“not…until”引导时间状语从句，故填can’t；until。 7. （23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）当琳达在世界公园看到这么多景点时，难以相信自己的眼睛。 Linda when she saw so many places of interest in the World Park. 【答案】couldn’t believe her eyes 【详解】can’t believe one’s eyes“难以相信某人的眼睛”，根据“when she saw ...”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用couldn’t；her“她的”。故填couldn’t believe her eyes。 8. （23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）当看到杭州亚运会的开幕式时，我所有的外国朋友们都无法相信自己的眼睛。 All of my when they watched the opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Asian Games. 【答案】foreign friends couldn’t believe their own eyes 【详解】根据中文提示可知，空处应填“外国朋友们都无法相信自己的眼睛”的英文表达，外国朋友们：foreign friends；无法相信：can not believe；自己的眼睛：their own eyes，句子时态为一般过去时，情态动词应用can的过去式形式could，could not可缩写为couldn’t。故填foreign friends couldn’t believe their own eyes。 9. （22-23八年级上·江苏淮安·期中）我很幸运在淮安参观了如此多的景点，我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 I was lucky to visit so many in Huai’an and I . 【答案】 places of interest couldn’t believe my eyes/could not believe my eyes 【详解】中英文对照可知，第一空缺少“景点”的英文表达；第二空缺少“不敢相信他的眼睛”的英文表达；places of interest“旅游景点，名胜古迹”为固定搭配；can’t“不敢，不能” ，情态动词，其后跟动词原形；believe “相信”，动词；his eyes“他的眼睛”；can’t believe his eyes“不敢相信他的眼睛”；根据“was”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，因此，can’t要变为过去式couldn’t。故填places of interest；couldn’t believe my eyes/could not believe my eyes。 10. （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期中）上学期他还不能做10个引体向上。这个学期呢？ He do 10 pull-ups last term. What about this term? 【答案】couldn’t 【详解】“不能”can’t，结合“last term”可知用一般过去时，can’t的过去式couldn’t。故填couldn’t。 三、语法选择 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·广东惠州·期中）My name is Peter. I live in a small village in the west of Guangdong Province. In my village, there aren’t many cars 1 buses, and the streets are clean. I know all the neighbors (邻居), and at the end of the day we get together and have a chat. We go to bed early because there 2 much to do in the evening. There aren’t any theaters, cinemas, museums or clubs. But the 3 can play in the streets or in nature (大自然). They can also keep animals at home. There is no noise (噪音). We can hear a lot of beautiful sounds from nature. In the evening, we can see lots of clear and beautiful stars in the sky. My pen friend Ken lives in a big city. The city has a much 4 population. It was a small village 5 , but now it is famous 6 its modern workplaces. It has better schools, nicer shops and 7 of cinemas, theaters and museums. Children can go to clubs and parks to enjoy 8 . I went to the city to visit Ken last month. He took me to a shopping center and we bought some nice gifts for my family. For example, I bought 9 cool T-shirt for my dad. “Which is better, the city or the village?” many of my classmates asked me when I came back. I’m not sure, but I know that I like the clean streets, 10 neighbors and fresh air in my village. What about you? 1. A．but B．or C．and 2. A．isn’t B．aren’t C．wasn’t 3. A．child B．children C．children’s 4. A．large B．larger C．largest 5. A．in the 1980 B．in 1980s C．in the 1980s 6. A．for B．with C．as 7. A．a hundred B．hundreds C．hundred 8. A．them B．theirs C．themselves 9. A．/ B．a C．an 10. A．friends B．friendship C．friendly 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文主要讲述了Peter拿自己的乡村生活与笔友Ken的城市生活进行了对比，发现自己还是更喜欢乡村的生活环境的故事。 1. 句意：在我的村庄，没有很多汽车和公共汽车，街道很干净。 but但是；or或；and和。根据“there aren’t many cars ... buses”可知，此处是指没有很多的汽车和公共汽车，否定句中表示“和”，用or。故选B。 2. 句意：我们早早上床睡觉，因为晚上没有太多事情要做。 isn’t不是；aren’t 不是；wasn’t不是，过去式。根据“much”可知，此处为不可数，时态为一般现在时，因此应用isn’t。故选A。 3. 句意：但是孩子们可以在街上或大自然中玩耍。 child孩子，名词单数形式；children孩子们，名词复数；children’s孩子们的，名词所有格。根据“the”与“They”可知，此处应用名词复数形式作主语。故选B。 4. 句意：这个城市的人口要多得多。 large大的，形容词原级；larger较大的，形容词比较级；largest最大的，形容词最高级。根据“much”可知，此处应用形容词比较级。故选B。 5. 句意：在20世纪80年代，这里还是一个小村庄，但现在它以现代化的工作场所而闻名。 in the 1980错误表达；in 1980s错误表达；in the 1980s在20世纪80年代。in the 1980s，意为“在20世纪80年代”。故选C。 6. 句意：在20世纪80年代，这里还是一个小村庄，但现在它以现代化的工作场所而闻名。 for为了；with和；as作为。根据“it is famous … its modern workplaces”可知，此处应表示因现代化的工作场所而闻名，be famous for“因……而闻名”。故选A。 7. 句意：它有更好的学校，更好的商店，数以百计的电影院、剧院和博物馆。 a hundred一百；hundreds数百，后与of连用；hundred一百。根据“… of cinemas”可知，此处应用hundreds of，表示“数以百计的”。故选B。 8. 句意：孩子们可以去俱乐部和公园玩得开心。 them他们，宾格形式；theirs他们的（东西），名词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。根据“enjoy”可知，enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，因此处应用反身代词。故选C。 9. 句意：例如，我给我爸爸买了一件很酷的t恤。 / 零冠词，用于三餐及球类前；a不定冠词表示泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据“cool T-shirt”可知，此处应用不定冠词表示泛指，cool为辅音音素开头的单词，因此前应用a。故选B。 10. 句意：我不确定，但我知道我喜欢我村里干净的街道、友好的邻居和新鲜的空气。 friends朋友，名词复数；friendship友谊；friendly友好的，形容词。根据“neighbors”可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24八年级上·广东汕头·期中）A true friend is always helpful. I didn’t believe it until one thing happened to me 1 I was in Grade 7. Li Jie was one of my classmates. He and I were also neighbors. He always talked 2 his mother, but I didn’t like talking with my mother. I didn’t think my mother could teach me anything. Li Jie knew all about that, but he said 3 to me. Last weekend, Li Jie 4 me to watch a film. I liked watching films very much, so I went to the cinema with him happily. The film was about 5 love between a mother and a son. After watching it, I began to know 6 great mothers’ love was. I felt sorry for what I did and decided to care about my mother and talk to her 7 . After I told Li Jie my idea, he smiled and said, “I think it’s necessary for you 8 such a film. I’m glad that you can change(改 变) 9 .” Suddenly(突然), I knew why he invited me to watch the film. Just at that time, I knew a true friend was 10 helpful. 1. A．when B．before C．after 2. A．with B．from C．on 3. A．something B．everything C．nothing 4. A．invite B．invites C．invited 5. A．a B．the C．/ 6. A．how B．where C．who 7. A．less B．more C．most 8. A．watched B．watching C．to watch 9. A．yourself B．your C．yours 10. A．never B．sometimes C．always 【答案】 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了真正的友情和朋友是很有帮助的。作者通过自身的经历讲述了他的朋友是怎么让他认识到母爱的伟大，并且要尊重和听母亲的话，这是朋友和友谊对他的帮助。 1. 句意：直到我在七年级时有一件事发生在我身上，我才相信。 when当……的时候；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据下文可知，作者描述的就是自己在七年级时候所发生的这件事。故选A。 2. 句意：他总是和他妈妈说话，但我不喜欢和我妈妈说话。 with和……一起，用，具有；from来自，从……来；on在……上。根据“but I didn’t like talking with my mother. ”可知，talk with sb“和某人说话”，因此表达的是作者也跟妈妈说话。故选A。 3. 句意：李杰知道这一切，但他什么也没跟我说。 something某事；everything一切，所有事物；nothing没有什么。根据but可知表转折，前文“knew all about that”表示知道所有，转折之后就表示什么都没有说。故选C。 4. 句意：上周，李杰邀请我去看电影。 invite邀请，动词原形；invites邀请，动词的三单形式；invited邀请，过去式。根据“Last weekend,”可知，时态应用一般过去时。故选C。 5. 句意：这个电影是关于母亲和儿子的爱。 a不定冠词，表示泛指；the定冠词，表示特指；/不填。此处表示特指一位母亲和儿子之间的爱。故选B。 6. 句意：看完之后，我开始知道母爱是多么伟大。 how怎样，如何；where在哪里；who谁。此句表达的是母爱是多么的伟大，应用how。故选A。 7. 句意：我为自己的所作所为感到抱歉，并且决定关心我的母亲，更多地与她交谈。 less更少；more更多；most大多数的。根据“I felt sorry for what I did and decided to care about my mother”可知，作者对之前的行为感到抱歉并决心关爱母亲，所以会与母亲进行更多地交谈。故选B。 8. 句意：我觉得对你来说去看看这样一部电影是有必要的。 watched观看，过去式；watching观看，现在分词或动名词；to watch观看，动词不定式。考查It is+adj+for sb+to do sth“对于某人来说做某事是……的”。故选C。 9. 句意：我很高兴你能改变自己。 yourself你自己，反身代词；your你的，你们的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，你们的，名词性物主代词。当句子的主语和宾语指的是同一人或同一物时，通常使用反身代词作为宾语。此句主语跟宾语指的都是作者。故选A。 10. 句意：就在那时，我知道一个真正的朋友总是很有帮助的。 never从不；sometimes；always总是。通过阅读整篇文章可知，作者的朋友对她有很大的帮助，并且一直在帮助他。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24八年级上·广东东莞·期中）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Last Saturday, our class had a trip. We wanted to do something exciting so we decided 1 the mountain, about twenty kilometers away from our city. That day, the weather was great. At eight, we got on a big yellow bus. On the way, we talked, laughed and sang quite a few 2 . Time went by quickly and we arrived. Wow! It was really a wonderful mountain with many green trees. I couldn’t wait to climb to the top. I 3 what the top was like. About half 4 hour later, I stopped to have a rest (休息). Then I looked back. Oh, my friend Alice was still about 100 meters behind me. She seemed to be 5 tired. I waited 6 her and asked her to follow me. At about eleven, we got to the top. On it, we shared some food and drank some water. 7 delicious the food tasted for hungry students! 8 we were tired, we really had a great time. There I bought something for my sister but nothing for 9 in the gift shop. In the evening I kept a dairy about the trip. To me, this year’s school trip was 10 than the one of last year. 1. A．climbing B．to climb C．climb 2. A．song B．songs C．songs’ 3. A．wondered B．wonder C．is wondering 4. A．an B．a C．the 5. A．true B．truer C．truly 6. A．at B．for C．in 7. A．What B．What a C．How 8. A．Because B．If C．Although 9. A．myself B．me C．mine 10. A．interesting B．most interesting C．more interesting 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了上个周六作者所在班级组织了一次出行爬山活动，大家度过了愉快的时光。 1. 句意：我们想做一些令人兴奋的事情，所以我们决定爬上离我们城市大约20公里的山。 climbing爬，现在分词或动名词；to climb爬，动词不定式；climb爬，动词原形。decide to do sth“决定做某事”。故填B。 2. 句意：在路上，我们聊着，笑着，唱了好几首歌。 song歌曲，单数；songs歌曲，复数；songs’歌曲的，复数的所有格；根据空前的“a few”可知，空处须用复数名词，作动词sang的宾语。故填B。 3. 句意：我想知道顶部是什么样子的。 wondered想知道，过去式；wonder想知道，动词原形；is wondering想知道，现在进行时。本文讲述的是上个周六的一次出行爬山活动，主体时态是一般过去时，所以动词须用过去式。故填A。 4. 句意：大约半小时后，我停下来休息。 an不定冠词，用在元音音素开头的单词前；a不定冠词，用在辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词。half an hour“半小时”，固定表达。故填A。 5. 句意：她似乎真的很累。 true真的，形容词；truer是true的比较级；truly真地，副词。空处修饰形容词tired，需用副词truly。故填C。 6. 句意：我等她，让她跟着我。 at在；for为了；in在……里。wait for sb“等待某人”，固定短语。故填B。 7. 句意：这些食物对饥饿的学生来说是多么美味啊！ What对复数名词或不可数名词感叹；What a对单数名词感叹；How对形容词或副词感叹。分析句子结构可知，此处中心词是形容词delicious，本句是how引导的感叹句，结构为“How+形容词（或副词）+主语+谓语+其它成份”。故填C。 8. 句意：虽然我们很累，但我们真的玩得很开心。 Because因为；If如果；If虽然。根据“we were tired”和“we really had a great time”可知，前后两句之间是让步关系，所以用although引导让步状语从句。故填C。 9. 句意：在那里，我在礼品店给我妹妹买了一些东西，但没有给自己买。 myself我自己，反身代词；me我，宾格人称代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此空应填主语I的反身代词myself，作介词for的宾语，表示“我自己”。故填A。 10. 句意：对我来说，今年的学校旅行比去年更有趣。 interesting有趣的；most interesting最有趣的，最高级；more interesting更有趣的，比较级。根据空后的“than the one of last year”可知，应填形容词比较级。故填C。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My grandma is over 70 years old. She was a lovely woman 1 white hair. Her memory (记忆) is the 2 (bad) in our family. She often forgets where she keeps things. Sometimes, she even forgets how many meals she has a day, 3 you may not believe she never forgets when to dance. How strange! She is crazy about 4 (dance) . Every day she can’t wait 5 (go) to City Square with my grandfather after supper. Usually they dance for about one hour. When she was young, my grandma once 6 (win) in a dance competition. From then on, she kept 7 (dance) . She gave dancing lessons to students in a local dancing school until she retired (退休). Her students thought she danced 8 (beautiful) than any other teacher at school, so she became one of the most popular 9 (teacher) . Now we are very happy about my grandma’s talent because she can get some exercise through it. We hope she can have 10 happy life. 【答案】 1. with 2. worst 3. but 4. dancing 5. to go 6. won 7. dancing 8. more beautifully 9. teachers 10. a 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的奶奶由于年龄大了，记忆力不好，但是她有舞蹈天赋，作者希望奶奶能有一个幸福的生活。 1. 句意：她是个可爱的白头发女人。结合“…white hair”及语境可知，此处指奶奶有一头白发，应用介词with表示具有某种特征。故填with。 2. 句意：她的记忆力是我们家最差的。bad“坏的，糟糕的”，形容词。结合第一段最后一句作者描述奶奶记忆力差的表现“She often forgets where she keeps things. Sometimes, she even forgets how many meals she has a day…”及语境可知，此处应指奶奶是“全家当中”记忆力最差的，应用其对应的形容词最高级worst“最差的”。故填worst。 3. 句意：她经常忘记把东西放在哪里。有时候，她甚至会忘记自己一天吃几顿饭，但你可能不相信她永远不会忘记什么时候跳舞。结合语境可知，空格前后句“忘记吃饭”与“永远不会忘记跳舞”之间表示相反的意思，应用but表示转折，意为“但是”。故填but。 4. 句意：她对跳舞很着迷。dance“跳舞”，动词，介词about后应接其对应的动名词形式，意为“跳舞”。故填dancing。 5. 句意：每天晚饭后，她都迫不及待地和爷爷一起去城市广场。go“去”，动词，且该句考查“can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事”，应用其不定式形式。故填to go。 6. 句意：当她年轻的时候，我奶奶曾经在一个舞蹈比赛中获胜。win“赢得”，动词，结合时间状语从句“When she was young…”及语境可知，该句时态为一般过去时，应用其对应的过去式作谓语。故填won。 7. 句意：从那以后，她一直在跳舞。dance“跳舞”，动词，且该句考查“keep doing sth.持续做某事”，应用其对应的动名词形式作宾语。故填dancing。 8. 句意：她的学生认为她比学校里任何一位老师都跳得漂亮，所以她成为了最受欢迎的老师之一。beautiful“美丽的”，形容词，又根据“…than any other teacher at school”中的“than”可知，此处指比其他任何老师都跳得“更漂亮”，应用其对应的副词的比较级形式，修饰谓语动词danced。故填more beautifully。 9. 句意：她的学生认为她比学校里任何一位老师都跳得漂亮，所以她成为了最受欢迎的老师之一。teacher“老师”，名词，又根据“one of the most popular…”可知，此处应用其名词复数形式，指“最受欢迎的老师之一”，“one of+名词复数”意为“……其中之一”。故填teachers。 10. 句意：我们希望她能有一个幸福的生活。根据“…happy life”及语境可知，此处指“一个”幸福的生活，空格后happy发音是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·浙江温州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。 Rock music meets the erhu Rock music was coming out of my computer. 1 a rock music lover, I play the electric guitar in the school band. Sometimes I write songs and share them online. There is so much 2 (fun) in music. Right at that moment, the sound of Grandpa’s erhu came into my room. Yes, music is also my grandpa’s hobby. 3 it’s a different kind of music. He likes playing the erhu in the park with his friends. They often sing Beijing opera 4 (happy) together. There are many fans of them. 5 idea suddenly hit me: “Why don’t we put our music together? I can write a song for us.” “Grandpa!” I rushed into 6 (he) room ... There is an art festival every autumn in my school. I decided 7 (take) part in it with Grandpa this year. After a 8 (week) practice, the day finally came, we were on the stage. I 9 (nod) to Grandpa and we fired up our instruments. Everybody moved with our music. It felt so great! At that time, I realised nothing was 10 (enjoyable) than putting our hobby together. 【答案】 1. As 2. fun 3. But 4. happily 5. An 6. his 7. to take 8. week’s 9. nodded 10. more enjoyable 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和祖父一起在学校的艺术节上弹奏音乐。 1. 句意：作为一个摇滚乐爱好者，我在学校乐队里弹电吉他。根据“a rock music lover”可知，此处是讲我的身份——一个摇滚爱好者，as“作为”符合句意，句首单词首字母大写，故填As。 2. 句意：音乐里有很多乐趣。根据“There is much”可知，此处填不可数名词，fun“乐趣”，不可数名词，符合句意。故填fun。 3. 句意：但这是一种不同的音乐。根据“a different kind of music”可知，此处表示转折，所以填but。句首单词首字母大写，故填But。 4. 句意：他们经常一起愉快地唱京剧。根据“sing”可知，此处修饰动词填副词，happy的副词形式happily“愉快地”符合句意。故填happily。 5. 句意：我突然想到一个想法：“我们为什么不把我们的音乐放在一起呢？我可以为我们写一首歌。” 根据“idea”可知，此处表泛指，所以填不定冠词；“idea”发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。句首单词首字母大写，故填An。 6. 句意：“爷爷！”我冲进他的房间…… 根据“room”可知，此处填形容词性物主代词his“他的”修饰名词，故填his。 7. 句意：我决定今年和爷爷一起参加。考查decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，所以填动词不定式。故填to take。 8. 句意：经过一个星期的练习，那一天终于到来了，我们走上了舞台。根据“After a ... practice”可知，此处表示“一周的练习”，所以填名词所有格week’s。故填week’s。 9. 句意：我向爷爷点了点头，然后我们启动了乐器。根据“and we fired up our instruments”可知，此处为一般过去时，填动词过去式nodded。故填nodded。 10. 句意：那时，我意识到没有什么比把我们的爱好结合在一起更令人愉快的了。根据“than”可知，此处填比较级more enjoyable。故填more enjoyable。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。 Yesterday I took my mum out for lunch at the local club. Maybe it was the 1 (five) time for me to take her out. When we arrived, 2 man in a wheelchair was waving at her and saying hello. I guessed because she is also in a wheelchair. At the table next 3 us, a family was having lunch. The little boy (about eight years old) was smiling away and when I caught his eyes, his beautiful smile got even 4 (bright). I pointed him out to Mum and he smiled at her and 5 (give) her a little wave during the meal. That really made 6 (she) happy, from her face I could tell. I thanked his parents for their kindness. I took Mum to the supermarket for a browse (随便看看). There was a young family with some 7 (child) there. Seeing my mum in her wheelchair, the father attached (固定) his shopping cart. He looked down with a big smile and said 8 (warm),”Hello ma’am.” I was surprised that we met so many friendly and good people in half a day. Mum used to be at home for most of her time. 9 , she now opens her mind to people around her. She is looking forward to 10 (meet) more nice people. So, thank you and never think a small friendly gesture may be wasted or go unnoticed. 【答案】 1. fifth 2. a 3. to 4. brighter 5. gave 6. her 7. children 8. warmly 9. However 10. meeting 【导语】本文讲述了作者带坐轮椅的母亲外出，在俱乐部和超市遇到友善之人，母亲心情变好，她从常在家变得愿与他人交往，期待结识更多好人，作者感慨友善之举不会被忽视。 1. 句意：这可能是我第五次带她出去。根据“the…(five) time”以及这里表示顺序，结合所给单词，要用序数词fifth“第五”。故填fifth。 2. 句意：当我们到达时，一个坐轮椅的男人正在向她挥手打招呼。根据“man in a wheelchair”，这里表示泛指“一个男人”，结合所给单词，要用不定冠词a。故填a。 3. 句意：在我们旁边的桌子上，一家人正在吃午饭。根据“next…us”以及固定搭配next to“在……旁边”，所以这里填to。故填to。 4. 句意：这个小男孩（大约八岁）一直在微笑，当我和他目光交汇时，他美丽的笑容变得更加灿烂。根据“even”以及比较级的用法，这里表示比之前更灿烂，结合所给单词bright，要用比较级brighter。故填brighter。 5. 句意：我把他指给妈妈看，他对着妈妈微笑，在吃饭的时候还向她挥了挥手。根据“and”以及前面的动词smiled，这里表示并列动作，结合所给单词give，且全文是一般过去时，动词要用过去式gave。故填gave。 6. 句意：从她的脸上我能看出来，那真的让她很开心。根据“made…(she) happy”以及动词make后接宾语要用宾格形式，结合所给单词，要用her。故填her。 7. 句意：那里有一个年轻的家庭带着一些孩子。根据“some”以及可数名词复数形式，结合所给单词child，要用复数children。故填children。 8. 句意：他带着灿烂的笑容低下头，热情地说：“你好，女士。”根据“said”以及修饰动词要用副词，结合所给单词warm，这里用副词形式warmly修饰动词said，表示说话的方式很热情，故填warmly。 9. 句意：妈妈过去大部分时间都待在家里。然而，她现在对周围的人敞开心扉。根据“Mum used to be at home for most of her time…she now opens her mind to people around her.”可知，前句说妈妈过去的状态，后句说现在的变化，表示转折，句首单词首字母大写，要用However“然而”。故填However。 10. 句意：她期待着遇到更多善良的人。根据“looking forward to”以及固定用法look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，to是介词，后接动名词形式，结合所给单词meet，要用meeting，故填meeting。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级上·湖北武汉·期中） In a small village, a boy named Mark lived with his father, a wise old man. One day, Mark told his father 1 (sad) that he made little progress in learning the guitar. No matter 2 hard he tried, he couldn’t improve. So Mark went to his father 3 (ask) for some help. “Follow me, and I will lead you to the high hills around the village tomorrow,” said his father. The next day, they set out. The road was long and difficult, 4 Mark still followed his father. As they got higher, the father said that he wanted to go to the top of the 5 (high) hill where he had never been to. Mark was 6 (surprise) but decided to help his father. 7 great difficulty, Mark helped his father climb the hill. Sometimes he even carried his father on his back. When they finally got to the top, he and his father smiled at each other. They 8 (enjoy) the blue sky, white clouds and the smaller hills under their feet as if they were on the top of the world. “When you were a little boy, all the small 9 (child) called this hill “Mount Impossible”, because you guys couldn’t reach its top. And the elder children often laughed at you. Do you remember?” Mark nodded. “And today,” said his father, “you not only climbed here, but also helped me to get here.” “I became bigger and stronger than before,” said Mark. “You played on the smaller hills and became better at 10 (climb),” said his father. “It became possible for you to climb Mount Impossible while you weren’t even thinking about it. So will the guitar.” 【答案】 1. sadly 2. how 3. to ask 4. but 5. highest 6. surprised 7. With 8. enjoyed 9. children 10. climbing 【导语】本文主要介绍了一位智者如何教儿子不要放弃，稳扎稳打，终究会成功的故事。 1. 句意：一天，马克悲伤地告诉他的父亲，他在学习吉他方面几乎没有进步。sad意为“悲伤的”，是形容词，此空需要用副词来修饰动词told，sad的副词形式是sadly，意为“悲伤地”，故填sadly。 2. 句意：无论他怎么努力，他都无法提高。该题考查的是no matter+疑问词，空格后的“hard努力地”是副词，需要用how来引导，no matter how hard意为“无论怎么努力”，故填how。 3. 句意：所以马克去找他的父亲寻求一些帮助。根据“So Mark went to his father…for some help.”可知马克找他父亲是为了寻求帮助，故该处要用动词不定式来表示目的，故填to ask。 4. 句意：道路漫长而艰难，但马克仍然跟随着他的父亲。根据“The road was long and difficult”与“Mark still followed his father.”可知两者之间是转折关系，故填but。 5. 句意：当他们爬得更高时，父亲说他想去他从未去过的那座最高的山顶。high意为“高的”，是形容词，根据空格前的the可知该处要用形容词的最高级，high的最高级形式是highest。故填highest。 6. 句意：马克感到惊讶，但还是决定帮助他的父亲。surprise意为“惊讶”，是个名词。根据空格前的was可知该处要用形容词的形式构成系表结构。surprise的形容词有surprising，surprised。主语是Mark，形容人的要用surprised，故填surprised。 7. 句意：马克费了很大劲才帮父亲爬上了山。根据“…great difficulty, Mark helped his father climb the hill.”可知该处表达的是经历了很大的困难，马克帮他父亲爬上了山。with意为“有，带着”符合语意，表伴随状态，首字母要大写，故填With。 8. 句意：他们仿佛置身世界之巅，享受着蓝天、白云和脚下的丘陵。enjoy意为“享受”，是动词，该处是作谓语。根据“they were on the top of the world.”可知此处用一般过去时，enjoy的过去式是enjoyed。故填enjoyed。 9. 句意：“当你还是个小男孩时，所有的小朋友们都叫这座山为‘不可能山’，因为你们无法到达它的顶峰。”child意为“小孩”，是个可数名词，根据“all the small”可知要用名词的复数形式，child的复数形式是children。故填children。 10. 句意：“你是在小山丘上玩耍并变得擅长攀爬的，”他的父亲说道。climb意为“攀爬”，是个动词。空格前的at是介词，故此处要用动名词形式，climb的动名词是climbing，故填climbing。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$单元核心语法·精练 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home （情态动词 can 和 could） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、情态动词 can 和 could 的用法 用法介绍 can 和 could 均为情态动词，可表示能力、请求、许可或推测。could 是 can 的过去式，语气更委婉，常用于礼貌请求或征求许可，答语中通常用 can 而非 could。 功能 句型结构 示例 委婉请求他人做某事 Could you (please) + 动词原形 + 其他？ Could you please open the door?（请你开门好吗？） 委婉请求他人允许自己做某事 Could I + 动词原形 + 其他？ Could I use your phone?（我可以用一下你的手机吗？） 表示过去的能力 主语 + could + 动词原形 + 其他（描述过去具备的能力） He could swim when he was five.（他五岁时就会游泳了。） 表示推测（可能性） 主语 + could + 动词原形 + 其他（对过去、现在或将来的可能性推测） The book could be Lucy’s.（这本书可能是露西的。） 表示建议 主语 + could + 动词原形 + 其他（提出委婉的建议） You could ask the teacher for help.（你可以向老师求助。） 注意事项 1. 答语规范：对 “Could you...?” 的肯定回答可用 “OK./Certainly./With pleasure.” 等，否定回答用 “Sorry, I can’t.（因为……）”；对 “Could I...?” 的肯定回答用 “Yes, you can.”，否定回答用 “Sorry, you can’t.”，答语中不用 could。 例句：当别人说 “Could you pass the salt?” 时，你可以回答 “Certainly.”；如果不能帮忙，可回答 “Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy right now.” 2. 语气区别：can 语气较直接，could 更委婉，但两者都可表示请求，具体根据语境选择（如正式场合多用 could）。 例句：朋友之间可以直接说 “Can you lend me some money?”；而在向陌生人求助时，用 “Could you lend me some money?” 会更礼貌。 3. 时态限制：could 表过去能力时，对应的现在时用 can；表推测时，could 不表过去，仅表可能性比 can 弱。 例句：“He could swim when he was five.”（表过去能力），对应的现在时为 “He can swim now.”；“This could be the right answer.”（表推测，可能性较弱），“This can be the right answer.”（可能性相对较强）。 二、could 的特殊用法补充 用法介绍 除上述基础用法外，could 还可用于虚拟语气或间接引语中，体现语境的委婉或过去的语境。 用法场景 示例 间接引语中转述过去的请求 She asked if she could borrow my pen.（她问她是否可以借我的笔。） 虚拟语气中表未实现的可能性 I could have passed the exam if I studied harder.（如果我更努力，本可以通过考试的。） 注意事项 1. 虚拟语气中的 could：此时 could 不表过去，而是表示与事实相反的假设，需结合语境判断。 例句：“If I had more time, I could finish the task.”（实际没有更多时间，此处 could 表示与事实相反的假设）。 2. 避免混淆：不要将 could 的委婉用法与过去式用法混淆，如 “Could you help me?” 仅表委婉，不表过去。 例句：“Could you help me carry this box?” 这句话只是出于礼貌请求对方帮忙，并非指过去的时间；而 “He could help others when he was young.” 中的 could 才是表过去的能力。 一、单项选择 1. （24-25八年级上·天津·期中）—Can you go out with us tonight? —I’d love to, but I ________. I have to finish my work. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 2. （24-25八年级上·北京海淀·期中）The boy is only six years old, but he ________ ride a bike. A．must B．can C．should D．need 3. （24-25八年级上·上海闵行·期中）Jane ________ be at home now. I saw her playing tennis at school just now. A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 4. （23-24八年级上·云南昭通·期中）—Must I return the book tomorrow? —No, you ________. You ________ keep it for another two days. A．mustn’t; can B．needn’t; can C．don’t have to; must D．must; must 5. （23-24八年级上·贵州毕节·期中）The boy is only five years old. But he is able to write more than 500 English words. A．can B．must C．shall D．will 6．（23-24八年级上·湖北武汉·期中）—________ I come back before five o’clock? —No, you________. But you________ be back later than seven o’clock. A．Must; needn’t; mustn’t B．May; mustn’t; can’t C．Can; can’t; can’t D．Must; needn’t; can’t 7．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）—I often see the sign in restaurants. What does it mean?   —It means people ________ bring their pets into the restaurant. A．needn’t B．can’t C．may D．would 8．（23-24八年级上·北京东城·期中）—Tomorrow is Saturday. Can you hang out with us tonight? —Sorry, but I ________. I have to visit my grandma. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 9．（22-23八年级上·江苏南通·期中）— Could you please ________ the door? I feel very cold. — OK. But I think you’d better ________ your coat. A．not to open; put on B．not to open; to put on C．not open; put on D．not open; to put on 10．（21-22八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）The little boy spoke in such a low voice that her mother ________ hardly (几乎不) understand what he said. A．must B．could C．might D．should 11．（24-25八年级上·甘肃定西·期末）—Why didn’t you come to the meeting yesterday? —I ________ come because I was sick. A．may not B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 12．（23-24八年级上·陕西商洛·期末）—________you help me? I can’t move the box by myself. —No problem. A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Need 13．（23-24八年级上·安徽六安·期末）—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning. —I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．needn’t 14．（23-24八年级上·湖北武汉·期末）— Could I borrow your dictionary? — Of course you ________. A．could B．will C．should D．can 15．（22-23八年级上·云南昭通·期末）—________ I borrow your English dictionary? —Yes, of course you ________. A．Could; could B．Must; can C．Could; can D．Can; could 二、完成句子：根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 1. （24-25八年级上·山东菏泽·期末）这个星期天你能和我一起去公园吗，莎莉？ with me this Sunday, Sally? 2. （23-24八年级上·湖北黄石·期中）玛丽是一名优秀的老师，她总能激发学生们表现出最好的一面。 Mary is an excellent teacher and she can always in her students. 3. （22-23八年级上·广东韶关·期末）如果你提高自己的信息技术技能，就容易找到工作。 If you improve your IT skills, you a job easily. 4. （22-23八年级上·贵州六盘水·期末）如果你每天阅读英语，那么你就可以进步。 you read English every day, you make progress. 5. （21-22八年级上·贵州贵阳·期末）你不能指望在一周内学会一门外语。 You to learn a foreign language in one week. 6. （21-22八年级上·广东韶关·期末）你做完作业才能玩电脑游戏。 You play computer games you finish your homework. 7. （23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）当琳达在世界公园看到这么多景点时，难以相信自己的眼睛。 Linda when she saw so many places of interest in the World Park. 8. （23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期中）当看到杭州亚运会的开幕式时，我所有的外国朋友们都无法相信自己的眼睛。 All of my when they watched the opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Asian Games. 9. （22-23八年级上·江苏淮安·期中）我很幸运在淮安参观了如此多的景点，我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 I was lucky to visit so many in Huai’an and I . 10. （22-23八年级上·广东广州·期中）上学期他还不能做10个引体向上。这个学期呢？ He do 10 pull-ups last term. What about this term? 三、语法选择 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·广东惠州·期中）My name is Peter. I live in a small village in the west of Guangdong Province. In my village, there aren’t many cars 1 buses, and the streets are clean. I know all the neighbors (邻居), and at the end of the day we get together and have a chat. We go to bed early because there 2 much to do in the evening. There aren’t any theaters, cinemas, museums or clubs. But the 3 can play in the streets or in nature (大自然). They can also keep animals at home. There is no noise (噪音). We can hear a lot of beautiful sounds from nature. In the evening, we can see lots of clear and beautiful stars in the sky. My pen friend Ken lives in a big city. The city has a much 4 population. It was a small village 5 , but now it is famous 6 its modern workplaces. It has better schools, nicer shops and 7 of cinemas, theaters and museums. Children can go to clubs and parks to enjoy 8 . I went to the city to visit Ken last month. He took me to a shopping center and we bought some nice gifts for my family. For example, I bought 9 cool T-shirt for my dad. “Which is better, the city or the village?” many of my classmates asked me when I came back. I’m not sure, but I know that I like the clean streets, 10 neighbors and fresh air in my village. What about you? 1. A．but B．or C．and 2. A．isn’t B．aren’t C．wasn’t 3. A．child B．children C．children’s 4. A．large B．larger C．largest 5. A．in the 1980 B．in 1980s C．in the 1980s 6. A．for B．with C．as 7. A．a hundred B．hundreds C．hundred 8. A．them B．theirs C．themselves 9. A．/ B．a C．an 10. A．friends B．friendship C．friendly Passage 2 （23-24八年级上·广东汕头·期中）A true friend is always helpful. I didn’t believe it until one thing happened to me 1 I was in Grade 7. Li Jie was one of my classmates. He and I were also neighbors. He always talked 2 his mother, but I didn’t like talking with my mother. I didn’t think my mother could teach me anything. Li Jie knew all about that, but he said 3 to me. Last weekend, Li Jie 4 me to watch a film. I liked watching films very much, so I went to the cinema with him happily. The film was about 5 love between a mother and a son. After watching it, I began to know 6 great mothers’ love was. I felt sorry for what I did and decided to care about my mother and talk to her 7 . After I told Li Jie my idea, he smiled and said, “I think it’s necessary for you 8 such a film. I’m glad that you can change(改 变) 9 .” Suddenly(突然), I knew why he invited me to watch the film. Just at that time, I knew a true friend was 10 helpful. 1. A．when B．before C．after 2. A．with B．from C．on 3. A．something B．everything C．nothing 4. A．invite B．invites C．invited 5. A．a B．the C．/ 6. A．how B．where C．who 7. A．less B．more C．most 8. A．watched B．watching C．to watch 9. A．yourself B．your C．yours 10. A．never B．sometimes C．always Passage 3 （23-24八年级上·广东东莞·期中）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Last Saturday, our class had a trip. We wanted to do something exciting so we decided 1 the mountain, about twenty kilometers away from our city. That day, the weather was great. At eight, we got on a big yellow bus. On the way, we talked, laughed and sang quite a few 2 . Time went by quickly and we arrived. Wow! It was really a wonderful mountain with many green trees. I couldn’t wait to climb to the top. I 3 what the top was like. About half 4 hour later, I stopped to have a rest (休息). Then I looked back. Oh, my friend Alice was still about 100 meters behind me. She seemed to be 5 tired. I waited 6 her and asked her to follow me. At about eleven, we got to the top. On it, we shared some food and drank some water. 7 delicious the food tasted for hungry students! 8 we were tired, we really had a great time. There I bought something for my sister but nothing for 9 in the gift shop. In the evening I kept a dairy about the trip. To me, this year’s school trip was 10 than the one of last year. 1. A．climbing B．to climb C．climb 2. A．song B．songs C．songs’ 3. A．wondered B．wonder C．is wondering 4. A．an B．a C．the 5. A．true B．truer C．truly 6. A．at B．for C．in 7. A．What B．What a C．How 8. A．Because B．If C．Although 9. A．myself B．me C．mine 10. A．interesting B．most interesting C．more interesting 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My grandma is over 70 years old. She was a lovely woman 1 white hair. Her memory (记忆) is the 2 (bad) in our family. She often forgets where she keeps things. Sometimes, she even forgets how many meals she has a day, 3 you may not believe she never forgets when to dance. How strange! She is crazy about 4 (dance) . Every day she can’t wait 5 (go) to City Square with my grandfather after supper. Usually they dance for about one hour. When she was young, my grandma once 6 (win) in a dance competition. From then on, she kept 7 (dance) . She gave dancing lessons to students in a local dancing school until she retired (退休). Her students thought she danced 8 (beautiful) than any other teacher at school, so she became one of the most popular 9 (teacher) . Now we are very happy about my grandma’s talent because she can get some exercise through it. We hope she can have 10 happy life. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·浙江温州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。 Rock music meets the erhu Rock music was coming out of my computer. 1 a rock music lover, I play the electric guitar in the school band. Sometimes I write songs and share them online. There is so much 2 (fun) in music. Right at that moment, the sound of Grandpa’s erhu came into my room. Yes, music is also my grandpa’s hobby. 3 it’s a different kind of music. He likes playing the erhu in the park with his friends. They often sing Beijing opera 4 (happy) together. There are many fans of them. 5 idea suddenly hit me: “Why don’t we put our music together? I can write a song for us.” “Grandpa!” I rushed into 6 (he) room ... There is an art festival every autumn in my school. I decided 7 (take) part in it with Grandpa this year. After a 8 (week) practice, the day finally came, we were on the stage. I 9 (nod) to Grandpa and we fired up our instruments. Everybody moved with our music. It felt so great! At that time, I realised nothing was 10 (enjoyable) than putting our hobby together. Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。 Yesterday I took my mum out for lunch at the local club. Maybe it was the 1 (five) time for me to take her out. When we arrived, 2 man in a wheelchair was waving at her and saying hello. I guessed because she is also in a wheelchair. At the table next 3 us, a family was having lunch. The little boy (about eight years old) was smiling away and when I caught his eyes, his beautiful smile got even 4 (bright). I pointed him out to Mum and he smiled at her and 5 (give) her a little wave during the meal. That really made 6 (she) happy, from her face I could tell. I thanked his parents for their kindness. I took Mum to the supermarket for a browse (随便看看). There was a young family with some 7 (child) there. Seeing my mum in her wheelchair, the father attached (固定) his shopping cart. He looked down with a big smile and said 8 (warm),”Hello ma’am.” I was surprised that we met so many friendly and good people in half a day. Mum used to be at home for most of her time. 9 , she now opens her mind to people around her. She is looking forward to 10 (meet) more nice people. So, thank you and never think a small friendly gesture may be wasted or go unnoticed. Passage 4 （24-25八年级上·湖北武汉·期中） In a small village, a boy named Mark lived with his father, a wise old man. One day, Mark told his father 1 (sad) that he made little progress in learning the guitar. No matter 2 hard he tried, he couldn’t improve. So Mark went to his father 3 (ask) for some help. “Follow me, and I will lead you to the high hills around the village tomorrow,” said his father. The next day, they set out. The road was long and difficult, 4 Mark still followed his father. As they got higher, the father said that he wanted to go to the top of the 5 (high) hill where he had never been to. Mark was 6 (surprise) but decided to help his father. 7 great difficulty, Mark helped his father climb the hill. Sometimes he even carried his father on his back. When they finally got to the top, he and his father smiled at each other. They 8 (enjoy) the blue sky, white clouds and the smaller hills under their feet as if they were on the top of the world. “When you were a little boy, all the small 9 (child) called this hill “Mount Impossible”, because you guys couldn’t reach its top. And the elder children often laughed at you. Do you remember?” Mark nodded. “And today,” said his father, “you not only climbed here, but also helped me to get here.” “I became bigger and stronger than before,” said Mark. “You played on the smaller hills and became better at 10 (climb),” said his father. “It became possible for you to climb Mount Impossible while you weren’t even thinking about it. So will the guitar.” 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$