内容正文:
焦点07 动词
备考2026年中考英语新课标(核心素养)同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过
动词的基本框架
动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(一)实义动词
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词:及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾语
I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词+宾语+宾补
We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。
常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。
2.不及物动词
不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We study hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)
(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。
①动词+介词
Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。
此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。
②动词+副词+介词
Let’s go on with our work!
让我们继续我们的工作吧!
He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。
注意:这类动词短语后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。
3.延续性动词和非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:live,study,work,keep,teach等。
We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.
自2001年以来,我们一直住在苏州。
You can keep this book for two weeks.
这本书你可以借两周。
(2) 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束,
如:buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。
The old man has been dead for two years.
那个老人已经去世两年了。(这里不能用has died)
He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到这儿的。
(二)系动词
系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常见的系动词有:be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep等。这些词没有被动语态。
He is a strong man.他是一个强壮的人。
Mr Wang seems very angry.王先生似乎很生气。
This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。
The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。
You must keep healthy.你必须保持健康。
Her face turns red.她的脸红了。
(三)助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be、have、has、had、do、does、did、will和shall等。
1.助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)
(1)助动词be+现在分词,构成进行时。
They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.他们问我整个下午在干什么。
(2)助动词be+过去分词,构成被动语态。
English is spoken in many countries.许多国家都讲英语。
2.助动词have/has/had+过去分词形式,构成完成时。
We have studied English for five years.我们学英语已经五年了。
Have you seen Li Hua?你见到李华了吗?
We have read English for an hour.我们读了一小时英语了。
3.助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问句和否定句,用于倒装句,加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。
—Do you live in China?你住在中国吗?
—Yes,I do.是的,我住在中国。
He didn’t play basketball yesterday.他昨天没有打篮球。
Only then did I realize I was wrong.直到那时我才意识到我错了。
4.助动词will和shall用于构成一般将来时。(shall主要用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)
There will be a football match this evening.今晚将有一场足球比赛。
I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.到下个生日,我就十六岁了。
He asked me when we would leave.他问我我们何时动身。
(四)情态动词
有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中需和主要动词一起构成谓语。
动词语境辨析
1.实义动词词义辨析
中考对实义动词的考查主要涉及单项填空和完形填空两种题型,考查特点主要为语境辨析。根据上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。解答语境辨析类试题时,首先要确定四个动词的含义,然后分析语境,找出关键词或前后的逻辑关系,确定正确答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中,需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的用法。
2.近义动词词义辨析
中考对近义动词的辨析涉及,主要考查学生对近义词的辨析应用,此类试题要求学生掌握各近义词的不同用法、固定搭配及句型,注重细节的考查。
三个“借”
borrow 非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrow sth. from sb.
lend 非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lend sth. to sb.或lend sb. sth.
keep 延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”
三个“到达”
get get to+地点名词reach及物动词,后面可直接跟地点名词
reach 及物动词,后面可直接跟地点名词
arrive in+大地点(名词)at+小地点(名词)
三个“穿”
dress dress sb. 给某人穿衣服 dress sb. up 打扮某人
put on 穿上,戴上,表示动作
wear 穿着,戴着,表示状态
四个“花费”
spend 人作主语,表示花费时间或金钱,后接on sth. 或(in) doing sth.
cost 物作主语,表示“某物花费多少钱”
take 可用于固定句型,表示“花费一段时间做某事”,其结构为:It+takes/took+一段时间+to do sth.
pay 常与介词for连用,表示“支付”
四个“看”
see “看见”,表示结果
look “看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at才能跟宾语
watch “观看(比赛、电视等)”
read “看(书、报等)”,表示阅读
四个“说”
speak 作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词,表示“说,讲述”
say 常跟直接引语或间接引语,表示说的内容
talk 是不及物动词,常跟介词to和with,意为“同……谈话”,也表示具有说话能力
tell 意为“告诉”,与story连用,意为“讲故事”
四个“拿”
bring “带来,拿来”,表示拿到靠近说话人的地方
take “拿去,带走”,表示拿到远离说话人的地方
carry “扛,搬,用力移动”,没有方向
fetch “去取,去拿”,表示往返拿东西
四个“赢,输”
lose 意为“输给”某人,固定搭配为lose to sb.
fail 意为“失败”或“未做成某事”
beat 意为“打败”,后接人或某支队伍
win 意为“赢得,荣誉,地位,比赛等”
四个“参加”
join 一般指加入“党派”或“组织”并成为其中一员,如参军,入党,入团等
join in 指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动
take part in 指参加聚会或群众性活动
attend 一般指出席会议、典礼、婚礼等
四个“变化”
turn 一般用于颜色的变化
get 天变黑、变长或变短
become 天气变暖或变冷等,表示渐变
grow 形状变大或变小
3.感官动词词义辨析
sound 意为“听起来……”指听觉。good, wonderful, interesting, boring
look 意为“看起来……”表示相貌,外观。指视觉。beautiful, ugly, young, old
taste 意为“尝起来……”表示味道。指味觉。delicious, salty, sweet, sour。
smell 意为“闻起来……”表示气味。指嗅觉 sweet, nice, fresh
feel 意为“感觉,摸起来……”指触觉。soft, smooth, comfortable
动词短语
come up走近;发生;上升 come up with
come down 下来;落下 come true(希望、梦想等)实现
come out出版;发表;开花;发芽 come back 回来
come in进来 come across (偶然)遇见(或发现)
come on 快点;加油 come from来自
come over顺便来访 put on穿上;上演;增加
put up 张贴;搭建 put down写下;放下
put off推迟;拖延 put out扑灭;熄灭(火)
put away把……收起来 put into把……放进
look after 照顾;照看 look at看;朝……看
look for寻找;寻求 look like看起来像
look through 浏览 look up(词典书中等)查阅;查找
look around 环顾四周 look out当心
look over (仔细)检查 look out of往……外面看
look forward to 盼望;期待 get to到达
get over 克服 get back返回
get on上车 get off下车
get away from逃离 get up起床;起来
go away走开;离开 go back回到
go by(时间)流逝 go down下降
go up上升; 增长 go off熄灭; 离开
go on继续 go over仔细检查
go through通过 give out分发,发出
give in 投降;屈服 give up 放弃
give away赠送;分发 give back还给;归还;恢复(健康)
give birth to 生(孩子);产生 take care of照顾,照料
take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 take part in参加
take off 脱下(衣服),(飞机等)起飞 take out取出
take up占据(时间、空间);开始从事;拿起 take place 发生
take exercise 做运动 take notes做笔记
take down取下 take away拿走;带走
take in吸入;吞入(体内) take a rest休息
take pride in以……为傲 turn up开大, 调高,出现
turn on 打开 turn off 关闭
turn out结果是 turn down调小;拒绝
clean up(把……)打扫干净;(把……)收拾整 cheer up使振奋;使高兴起来
dress up穿上盛装;装扮 drink up喝光
eat up 吃光;吃完 get up 起床
give up 放弃 grow up成长;长大
look up(在词典、参考书等中)查阅;查找 hurry up 赶快;快点
make up 编造;拼凑成;形成;组成;构成 mix up混合在一起
pick up 捡起 put up张贴;搭建
set up建立;创立;开办 show up出席;露面
take up (尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做 stay up不睡觉;熬夜
turn up开大(声音);出现 wake up叫醒;醒来
give away 赠送;分发 go away走开
put away把……收起来;储存……备用 run away逃跑;跑掉
take away 拿走 throw away扔掉
动词→名词
常考角度如下:
play→player listen→listener
sleep→ sleeper work→worker
design→designer report→reporter
lead→leader own→owner
speak→speaker sing→singer
paint→painter fight→fighter
interview→interviewer travel→traveler/traveller
love→lover dance→dancer
drive→driver write→writer
manage→manager visit→visitor
act→actor invent→inventor
direct→director win→winner
run→runner
动词→现在分词
动词变现在分词在词形转换,均在介词后考查。
1. 介词后跟动名词,介词结尾的固定搭配有:
be different from 与……不同 be interested in 对……感兴趣
be afraid of 害怕…… be good at 擅长 ……
be famous/known for 以……而闻名 be busy with 忙于……
dream of 梦想 have trouble in 在……有困难
look forward to 盼望;期待 without doing 没做某事
2. 某些动词或动词短语后需跟动名词:
enjoy喜欢 mind介意
finish完成 keep持续
suggest建议 practice练习
be busy忙于 can’t help禁不住
feel like想要 give up放弃
动词→形容词
动词变形容词在词形转,总结填形容词的判断方法如下:
①跟在系动词或半系动词之后
②空后有名词;
③固定句型it is +adj.+of sb to do sth;
④the+形容词作主语。
1. v.+ing/ed(d)
v.+ing常修饰物, v.+ed修饰人
excite→exciting/excited amaze→amazing/amazed
satisfy→satisfying/satisfied frighten→frightening/frightened
interest→interesting/interested relax→relaxing/relaxed
bore→boring/bored tire→tiring/tired
surprise→surprising/surprised please→pleasing/pleased
2. v.+ful
wonder→wonderful care→careful
cheer→cheerful force→forceful
help→helpful regret→regretful
succeed→successful
3. v.+ive
act→active create→creative
4. v.+less
care→careless
1.This pair of shoes ________ so nice. I’ll take ________.
A.is; it B.is; them C.are; it D.are; them
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】glasses/trousers/pants/shoes等作主语、be动词、人称代词的宾格、them、IT
【详解】句意:这双鞋真好看。我将买它们。
考查主谓一致和代词。第一个空,pair of和名词连用作主语时,谓语动词的形式由pair来决定,这里的pair是单数,强调的是“这双”,be动词用is;第二个空,强调的是“鞋”,所以指代前面的shoes复数,应用them。故选B。
2.—There is someone knocking at the door. I wonder who it ________ be.
—It ________ be Peter. He phoned to tell me he would come here soon.
A.must; must B.could; must C.might; can’t D.might; mustn’t
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】must表示推测、can表示推测、mustn't、must、might、could
【详解】句意:——有人在敲门。我想知道可能是谁。 ——一定是彼得。他打电话告诉我他很快就会来这里。
考查情态动词。此题先考虑第二个空,must一定;can’t不可能;mustn’t禁止。根据“He phoned to tell me he would come here soon.”可知,敲门的“一定”是弗兰克,填must。C/D不正确。第一个空,must必须、一定;could能、可能。根据“I wonder who it…be.”可知,这里表示推测。A不正确。故选B。
3.—Mum, I want some snacks, not the sandwich!
—My dear, don’t forget that you ________ fall ill without eating much unhealthy food last week.
A.may B.must C.couldn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】could表示能力/能够、shouldn't、must、May
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我要吃零食,不要三明治!——亲爱的,别忘了上周不吃很多不健康的食物你是不会生病的。
考查情态动词。may可能;must必须;couldn’t不能,不会;shouldn’t不应该。根据“fall ill without eating much unhealthy food”可知不吃不健康食物就不会生病,用couldn’t。故选C。
4.These flowers don’t always need ________, so you _______ them every day.
A.to water; don’t need to water
B.watering; needn’t to water
C.to water; don’t need water
D.watering; don’t need to water
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】否定句、need、动名词作宾语、need to do sth.、need doing sth.
【详解】句意:这些花并不总是需要浇水,所以你不需要每天浇水。
考查动词need的用法。need doing sth.“某物需要被……”,实义动词need接动词-ing形式作宾语时,主动形式表达被动意义,此处表达花需要被浇水,排除A与C;need作情态动词时,否定形式为needn’t,后接动词原形,排除B;need作实义动词时,可用短语need to do sth.“需要做某事”,否定句中要借助助动词don’t/doesn’t。故选D。
5.—I called you last night at 9:30 and I believed you ________ be at home because no one answered the phone.
—Sorry, I ________ at that time.
A.mustn’t; would have been sleeping B.couldn’t; should have slept
C.couldn’t; must have been sleeping D.might not; need have been slept
【答案】C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】could表示推测、现在完成进行时
【详解】句意:——我昨晚9:30打电话给你,我相信你不可能在家,因为没有人接电话。 ——对不起,我当时一定在睡觉。
考查否定的推测和现在完成进行时。根据“because no one answered the phone.”可知,这里应该是否定的推测,用couldn’t be;第二个空是对系动词be的完成时态事情的肯定性很大的推测,我那时候一定是睡着了,be sleeping睡着了,是一种睡着的状态,应该用现在完成进行时,即:have been sleeping。故选C。
6.—Must I return the book this week?
—No, you ________. You can ________ it for 20 days.
A.mustn’t; keep B.needn’t; keep C.needn’t; borrow D.mustn’t; lend
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】need、动词辨析、mustn't、lend、keep(kept kept)、borrow
【详解】句意:——这个星期我必须还书吗? ——不,你不需要。你可以保存20天。
考查情态动词和动词辨析。must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答应使用needn’t(不必)。keep保存;borrow借(入);lend借(出)。borrow与lend为非延续性动词,不与时间段连用,keep为延续性动词,可以与时间段连用。故选B。
7.Which of the following is RIGHT?
A.I’m looking forward to meet you next month.
B.She gets here in ten minutes.
C.Mr. Wu has left Beijing for one week.
D.The movie made me laugh.
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】动词短语、介词用法、will/shall do结构、延续性动词与非延续性动词、使役动词make
【详解】句意:以下哪项是正确的?
考查句子结构和时态。选项A短语“looking forward to”中“to”是介词,后面跟动名词,meet应改为meeting,A错误;选项B中时间状语“in ten minutes”,可知此句时态应为一般将来时,而此句时态是一般现在时,B错误;选项C,由“for one week”可知此句时态为现在完成时,谓语动词用延续性动词,left是瞬间动词,has left应改为been away from;选项D正确,使用短语make sb. do sth.,意为“让某人做某事”。故选D。
8.He ________ wear his uniform (制服) today because today is Sunday.
A.need to B.doesn’t need to C.needs to D.needn’t to
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】否定句、need、助动词do
【详解】句意:他今天不需要穿制服,因为今天是星期天。
考查need用法。need表示“需要”,作情态动词时,后接动词原形。否定形式为needn’t do...;作实义动词时,后接不定式作宾语。否定句需要借助助动词。根据“ ...because today is Sunday.”可推知,他今天不需要穿制服。本句主语是He,为第三人称单数形式,助动词用doesn’t。故选B。
9.—Look at the performer playing the guitar upside down on the stage. Is it Jim?
—It ________ be him. He told me he would surprise us.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.must D.may
【答案】C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】May、must、must表示推测、动词辨析、mustn't
【详解】句意:——看这位演员在舞台上倒立着弹吉他。是吉姆吗? ——一定是他。他告诉过我他会给我们惊喜。
考查情态动词表推测。mustn’t禁止,不得;can’t不可能,不会;must一定;may也许。根据“He told me he would surprise us.”可知,吉姆曾说过他会这样做,所以表演者就是吉姆的可能性是非常大的。故选C。
10.They ________ water the flowers because it often rains these days.
A.needn’t to B.don’t need to C.need to D.don’t need
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】否定句、need
【详解】句意:他们不需要浇花,因为这些天经常下雨。
考查need用法。need作情态动词时,后接动词原形,否定形式为needn’t do...;作实义动词时,后接不定式作宾语,否定句借助助动词don’t。故选B。
11.You’d better _________ to music when _________ your homework.
A.not to listen; doing B.not to listen; to do
C.not listen; to do D.not listen; doing
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】had better、情态动词后加动词原形、when引导时间状语从句
【详解】句意:你做作业的时候最好不要听音乐。
考查情态动词和现在分词。you’d better do sth.表示“最好做某事”,第一空应用动词原形。第二句是when引导的时间状语从句,省略了主语和be动词,do和主语you之间是主动关系,此处应用doing表示主动,故选D。
12.—Is the lady waiting at the school gate your mother, Alex?
—No, it ________ be her. She has gone to Hainan on business.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】can表示推测
【详解】句意:——亚历克斯,在学校门口等着的那位女士是你妈妈吗? ——不,不可能是她。她因公去了海南。
考查情态动词。mustn’t绝对不能;can’t不可能;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该。根据“She has gone to Hainan on business.”可知,在学校门口等着的那位女士“不可能”是亚历克斯的妈妈,这里是否定的推测,用can’t be。故选B。
13.—How is it going in your new company?
—It ________ be better. I’m always in high spirits at work.
A.shouldn’t B.couldn’t C.mustn’t D.may not
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】could表示能力/能够
【详解】句意:——你在新公司怎么样? ——再好不过了。我工作时总是情绪高涨。
考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该;couldn’t不能;mustn’t禁止;may not可能不。根据“How is it going in your new company?”及“I’m always in high spirits at work.”可知,这里应该是夸赞公司,couldn’t be better“再好不过了”,是日常交际用语。故选B。
14.—Your father hardly has any free time for you, ________?
—________. He is busy with his research all the time.
A.hasn’t he; No, he hasn’t B.has he; Yes, he has
C.doesn’t he; Yes, he does D.does he; No, he doesn’t
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】助动词do、反意疑问句
【详解】句意:——你爸爸几乎没有空闲时间陪你,是吗?——是的,他没有。他一直在忙他的研究。
考查反意疑问句。第一句中has是实义动词,因此反意疑问句需加助动词does,排除A和B;前面句中有“hardly”译为“几乎没有”,表示否定含义,因此后面的反意疑问句应用肯定形式,并且根据“He is busy with his research all the time.”可知是没有时间,为否定回答。故选D。
15.—You’d better ________ some snacks or soft drinks before the film begins.
—But I think it’s better ________ anything while watching the film.
A.buy; not have B.to buy; not to have C.to buy; not have D.buy; not to have
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】had better、buy(bought bought)
【详解】句意:——你最好在电影开始前买些零食或软饮料。 ——但我认为看电影时最好不要吃任何东西。
考查非谓语动词。第一个空,had better后跟动词原形,排除B/C;根据“anything while watching the film.”判断,应该是看电影时不要吃东西,此处是It is better not to do sth.“最好不要做某事。”故选D。
16.The husband would rather ________ at home ________ some reading.
A.stay; to do B.stay; than do C.staying; to do D.staying; than do
【答案】A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】动词不定式作目的状语、情态动词后加动词原形
【详解】句意:这位丈夫宁愿待在家里读书。
考查固定句型用法。would rather do sth. than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”,第一空应填动词原形,排除选项C和D。根据句意可知此处“待在家”和“读书”不是并列选择关系,读书是待在家的目的,因此用动词不定式to do作目的状语。故选A。
17.—Who will your teacher have ________ the article?
—Jack, of course.
A.write B.to write C.wrote D.written
【答案】A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】使役动词have、write
【详解】句意:——你的老师会让谁写这篇文章?——当然是杰克了。
考查使役动词的用法。have sth done“让某事被做”;have sth/sb doing“让某人或某事一直处于某种动作”;have sb do“让某人做某事”。根据句意可知,表示“让谁写文章”,用动词原形,故选A。
18.—How do you usually go to school?
—My school is far away. I ________ take the bus to school.
A.must B.don’t have to C.have to D.has to
【答案】C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】have to、must
【详解】句意:——你通常怎样去学校?——我的学校很远。我不得不乘公共汽车去学校。
考查情态动词。must必须,强调主观;don’t have to无需;have to不得不,动词原形;has to不得不,动词三单。根据“My school is far away.”可知,我不得不乘公共汽车去学校,是客观上的“不得不”,又因为主语是“I”,故用have to的原形。故选C。
19.Here ________ some photos of my school. They are very beautiful(漂亮的).
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【答案】C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】be动词、全部倒装、Here be、is、be(am/is/are)、are、am
【详解】句意:这是我学校的一些照片。它们非常漂亮。
考查be动词。am是,be的第一人称单数现在式;is是,be的第三人称单数;are,be的第二人称单数形式和第一人称、第二人称和第三人称的复数形式;be动词原形。本句是倒装句,真正主语“some photos(一些照片)”是复数,因此be动词要使用复数形式are。故选C。
20.Driving in rush hour traffic ________ be very dangerous, so you ________ be too careful.
A.should; ought to B.could; should
C.might; mustn’t D.can; cannot
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】could、might、should、动词辨析、can表示推测
【详解】句意:在交通高峰期开车可能非常危险,所以你再小心也不为过。
考查情态动词。should应该;could能,会;might可能;can可能;ought to应该;mustn’t禁止。根据“Driving in rush hour traffic”可知,第一空是“交通高峰期开车可能非常危险”,此处用can表示一种推测;第二空是“所以你再小心也不为过”,cannot...too…是固定搭配,表示“再……也不为过”。故选D。
1.(2025·福建·中考真题)—I’d like to travel to Shandong.
—Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t ________ it.
A.miss B.reach C.change
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我想去山东旅游。——泰山是一座名胜古迹。您一定不能错过它。
考查动词辨析。miss错过;reach到达;change改变。根据“Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t ... it.”可知,不能错过去泰山,故选A。
2.(2025·江西·中考真题)Mozart ______ many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.
A.enjoyed B.created C.bought D.heard
【答案】B
【详解】句意:莫扎特创作许多美妙的音乐作品。这就是他如此出名的原因。
考查动词辨析。enjoyed 享受;created 创作;bought 购买;heard 听到。根据“...many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.”可知,莫扎特是因为创作音乐而出名,故选B。
3.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate.
A.laid B.lay C.lain
【答案】A
【详解】句意:端午节,我妈妈做了美味的粽子,把它们摆放在盘子里。
考查动词辨析和时态。laid摆放,lay的过去式;lay平躺,lie的过去式/放置,动词原形;lain躺下,lie的过去分词。根据“them on the plate”可知是把粽子摆放在盘子里,根据“cooked”可知句子用一般过去时,故用lay的过去式laid。故选A。
4.(2025·云南·中考真题)—Linda, can you do housework?
—Yes, I________. I learned to cook at the age of eight.
A.must B.can C.should D.need
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——琳达,你会做家务吗?——是的,我会。我八岁时就学会做饭了。
考查情态动词。must必须;can能;should应该;need需要。根据“can you do housework”以及“I learned to cook at the age of eight”可知,应作肯定回答,表示会做家务,需用对应情态动词回答。故选B。
5.(2025·吉林·中考真题)The earth is our home. Everyone should begin with small things to ________ it.
A.protect B.move C.leave
【答案】A
【详解】句意:地球是我们的家。每个人都应该从小事开始保护它。
考查动词辨析。protect保护;move移动;leave离开。根据“The earth is our home. Everyone should begin with small things to…”可知,此处指人们应该从小事做起保护地球。故选A。
6.(2025·甘肃金昌·中考真题)_________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work.
A.Could B.Must C.Might D.Should
【答案】A
【详解】句意:麻烦您把电视音量调小一点好吗?我正在努力工作。
考查情态动词。Could可以;Must必须;Might可能;Should应该。此处表示请求,应用could。故选A。
7.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)It seems that ________ is a worldwide way to greet someone for the first time.
A.kissing B.hugging C.bowing D.shaking hands
【答案】D
【详解】句意:似乎握手是全世界第一次和人打招呼的方式。
考查动词辨析。kiss亲吻;hug拥抱;bow鞠躬;shake hands握手。根据“ greet someone for the first time”和常识可知,第一次见面最常见的是握手。故选D。
8.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)A low-fat diet can ________ the risk of heart disease.
A.help B.reduce C.encourage D.support
【答案】B
【详解】句意:低脂饮食可以降低患心脏病的风险。
考查动词辨析。help帮助;reduce减少;encourage鼓励;support支持。根据“A low-fat diet can...the risk of heart disease.”可知,低脂饮食可以降低得心脏病的风险。故选B。
9.(2025·四川遂宁·中考真题)—I have no time to buy things in the supermarket.
—Don’t worry. You can shop online instead. That way, you ________ waste a lot of time going from shop to shop.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我没有时间去超市买东西。——别担心。你可以改为网上购物。那样,你就不必浪费很多时间从一个商店到另一个商店。
考查情态动词。needn’t“不必”,强调无必要;mustn’t“禁止”,语气强烈;can’t“不能”,指能力或可能性不足;shouldn’t“不应该”,侧重建议或义务。根据“You can shop online instead. That way, you...waste a lot of time going from shop to shop.”中,网上购物可避免奔波,故此处强调“不必”浪费时间,符合逻辑。故选A。
10.(2025·甘肃·中考真题)________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work.
A.Could B.Must C.Might D.Should
【答案】A
【详解】句意:麻烦您把电视音量调小一点好吗?我现在正忙着工作。
考查动词辨析。Could可以,表达委婉、礼貌的请求语气;Must必须,表示强制性的必要性;Might也许,表示可能性;Should应该,表示义务或建议。根据“...you tum down the TV, please?”可知,是在委婉请求对方把电视音量调小一点,故选A。
11.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)Chen Li is a friend who I trust all the time. He ________ lie to me.
A.can’t B.never C.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:陈力是我的一位一直值得信赖的朋友。他从不会对我撒谎。
考查动词辨析。can’t不会;never从不;mustn’t禁止。根据“Chen Li is a friend who I trust all the time.”可知,一直很信赖,所以他从不会对我撒谎;结合“lie”使用了动词原形可知,应使用can’t。故选A。
12.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)China has made great achievements in protecting pandas. The number of wild pandas has ________ a lot.
A.helped B.increased C.protected
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国在保护大熊猫方面取得了巨大成就。野生大熊猫的数量增加了很多。
考查动词辨析。helped帮助;increased增加;protected保护。根据“China has made great achievements in protecting pandas. The number of wild pandas has”可知是野生大熊猫的数量增加了很多。故选B。
13.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)It’s our duty to protect the nature because it ________ us with fresh air and clean water.
A.provides B.compares C.refuses
【答案】A
【详解】句意:保护自然是我们的责任,因为它为我们提供了新鲜空气和清洁的水。
考查动词辨析。provides提供;compares比较;refuses拒绝。根据“us with fresh air and clean water.”可知自然为我们提供了新鲜空气和清洁的水。故选A。
14.(2025·天津·中考真题)You ________ tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.
A.need B.needn’t C.can D.can’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你不必告诉Jim这个好消息,因为我已经告诉他了。
考查情态动词。need需要;needn’t不必;can能;can’t不能。根据“because I’ve told him already”可知,我已经告诉他这个好消息了,故你应是不需要再做某事,即不必再做这件事。故选B。
15.(2025·天津·中考真题)When David sees these postcards, he will ________ his wonderful travel experiences.
A.remember B.borrow C.hate D.trust
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当大卫看到这些明信片时,他就会想起自己那美妙的旅行经历。
考查动词辨析。remember记得;borrow借;hate讨厌;trust信任。根据“When David sees these postcards, he will ... his wonderful travel experiences.”可知,当大卫看到这些明信片时,他就会想起自己那美妙的旅行经历。故选A。
16.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)—Will you be able to finish the work in time?
—I ________ promise anything, but I’ll do my best.
A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你能及时完成这项工作吗?——我不能保证什么,但我会尽力而为。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;couldn’t不能(通常用于过去时或委婉假设);mustn’t禁止。根据“I...promise anything, but I’ll do my best.”可知,此处表示“无法保证什么,但会尽力而为”,是在对话情境中的直接回应,应用can’t。故选A。
17.(2025·安徽·中考真题)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It ________ much practice, patience and imagination.
A.explains B.supports C.provides D.requires
【答案】D
【详解】句意:剪纸并不容易学。它需要大量的练习、耐心和想象力。
考查动词辨析。explains解释;supports支持;provides提供;requires需要,要求。根据“Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It...much practice, patience and imagination.”可知,学习剪纸需要大量的练习、耐心和想象力。故选D。
18.(2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)New types of energy from the sun, wind and water ________ little pollution and will never run out.
A.burn B.recycle C.separate D.produce
【答案】D
【详解】句意:来自太阳、风能和水能的新型能源几乎不会产生污染,而且永远不会耗尽。
考查动词辨析。burn燃烧;recycle回收;separate分开;produce产生。根据“little pollution and will never run out.”可知新型能源几乎不会产生污染。故选D。
19.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)My father is too tired. Something ________ to keep him relaxed.
A.should do B.should be done C.must do
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我爸爸太累了。应该做点什么让他放松。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。should应该;must必须。此处something和do之间是被动关系,故此处用含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be done。故选B。
20.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)He ________ know the secret. I haven’t told anyone about it.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他不可能知道这个秘密。我还没有告诉任何人。
考查情态动词。can’t不可能;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止。根据“I haven’t told anyone about it.”可知还没有把秘密告诉任何人,所以他不可能知道,表示否定推测用can’t。故选A。
21.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work.
A.Could B.Must C.Might D.Should
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你能把电视音量调低吗?我正在工作。
考查情态动词。Could可以;Must必须;Might可能;Should应该。根据“...you turn down the TV, please?”可知,此处表示请求,应用could。故选A。
22.(2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)From April 8, pet owners in China ________ bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains.
A.must B.should C.can D.need
【答案】C
【详解】句意:从4月8日起,中国的宠物主人可以带着他们的猫或狗乘坐一些高速列车。
考查情态动词。must必须;should应该;can可以;need需要。根据“bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains.”可知是可以带着他们的猫或狗乘坐一些高速列车。故选C。
23.(2025·四川成都·中考真题)—I’ve heard Lucy will join the art club.
—It ________ be true. She’s already in the basketball club. We can only choose one.
A.should B.can’t C.must
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我听说露西将加入艺术俱乐部。——这不可能是真的。她已经加入了篮球俱乐部。我们只能选择一个。考查情态动词。should应该;can’t不可能;must肯定。根据“She’s already in the basketball club. We can only choose one.”可知只能选择一个俱乐部,她已经加入篮球俱乐部,所以不可能再加入艺术俱乐部。故选B。
24.(2025·福建·中考真题)—How did you ________ the difficult math problem?
—With my teacher’s help.
A.work out B.hear about C.give up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你是怎么解出那道难题的?——在老师的帮助下。
考查动词短语辨析。work out算出;hear about听说;give up放弃。根据“How did you ... the difficult math problem?”可知,是解出那道难题,故选A。
25.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Steven decided to clean up the city parks with other volunteers on Earth Day.
A.found out B.made up his mind
C.took the place D.set up
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Steven决定在地球日和其他志愿者一起清理城市公园。
考查动词短语。find out找出;make up one’s mind决定;take the place取代;set up建立。decide表示“决定”,与make up one’s mind意思相同。故选B。
1.(2025·江苏南京·二模)—Are we allowed to take photos in Dunhuang Museum?
—No, you ________. It does much harm to the artworks over time.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】动词辨析、must否定表示禁止
【详解】句意:——我们被允许在敦煌博物馆拍照吗?——不,你们禁止拍照。随着时间的推移,它对艺术品造成了很大的伤害。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;couldn’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据“It does much harm to the artworks over time.”可知,拍照的行为会对艺术品造成很大的伤害,应是禁止拍照。故选A。
2.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)—Oh, Paul made himself dirty again. I guess a tiger ________ change its stripe.
—Take it easy. He just need time.
A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.may not
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】mustn't、shouldn't、can表示能力/能够
【详解】句意:——哦,保罗又把自己弄脏了。我猜老虎是改变不了它的条纹的。——别紧张。他只是需要时间。
考查情态动词辨析。shouldn’t不应该;can’t不能,不可能;mustn’t禁止;may not可能不。根据语境“Paul made himself dirty again”以及“a tiger ... change its stripe”可知,此处是在表达一种习惯或本质上的不可能改变,即“老虎是改变不了它的条纹的”,所以应该用can’t表示“不能,不可能”。故选B。
3.(2025·江苏连云港·二模)With the help of DeepSeek, many difficult problems _________ be solved.
A.can B.must C.should D.need
【答案】A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】must、need、should、can表示能力/能够
【详解】句意:在Deepseek的帮助下,许多难题能够被解决。
考查情态动词辨析。can能够,表示能力或可能性;must必须,表示必要性或命令;should应该,表示建议或责任;need需要,表示必要性或需求。根据语境可知,此处是在描述在DeepSeek的帮助下,难题有被解决的可能性,所以应该用can,表示“能够”。故选A。
4.(2025·江苏南京·二模)Jogging ______ be a bit boring sometimes, but it’s a great way to start a day.
A.must B.may C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】May、must、动词辨析、may表示推测
【详解】句意:慢跑有时可能会有点无聊,但它是开启一天的好方式。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;may可能;can’t不可能;shouldn’t不应该。may表推测,“慢跑有时可能有点无聊”,符合语境,体现不确定的推测。故选B。
5.(2025·广东汕头·三模)—Hmm, so tasty! It ________ be my mother. She loves cooking.
—No, it ________ be her. I saw her go out for shopping.
A.must; mustn’t B.must; can’t C.may; mustn’t D.may; can’t
【答案】B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】May、must、mustn't、can表示推测、must表示推测
【详解】句意:——嗯,太好吃了!这一定是我妈妈做的。她喜欢烹饪。——不,不可能是她。我看见她出去购物了。
考查情态动词辨析。must表示肯定的推测,意为“一定”;can’t表示否定的推测,意为“不可能”。may也许;mustn’t禁止。根据“She loves cooking”可知,第一空表示肯定的推测,用must;根据“I saw her go out for shopping”可知,第二空表示否定的推测,用can’t。故选B。
6.(2025·云南昆明·三模)—You ________ take photos with a flash light in our museum, sir.
—I’m sorry! I won’t use it any more.
A.can B.must C.needn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】must、mustn't、must否定表示禁止
【详解】句意:——先生,您不能在我们博物馆用闪光灯拍照。——抱歉!我不会再用了。
考查情态动词。can能够;must必须;needn’t不需要;mustn’t禁止,不准。根据“I’m sorry! I won’t use it any more.”可知,指的是不准在博物馆用闪光灯拍照,故选D。
7.(2025·吉林长春·三模)— The woman in red over there looks like our English teacher.
— It ______be her. She has gone to the U.S.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】mustn't、shouldn't、动词辨析、can表示推测
【详解】句意:——那边穿红衣服的女人看起来像我们的英语老师。——不可能是她。她已经去美国了。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该。根据“She has gone to the U.S.”可知,说话人通过客观事实 (老师已去美国) 推断“不可能是她”,表示否定推测用can’t。故选A。
8.(2025·江苏无锡·二模)—I hear he has given up his project.
—It ________ be true. As far as I know, he’s a strong-minded person.
A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】must、mustn't、动词辨析、can表示推测
【详解】句意:——我听说他放弃了自己的项目。——这不可能是真的。据我所知,他是个意志坚定的人。
考查情态动词。can可能;can’t不可能,用于否定推测;must一定,用于肯定推测;mustn’t禁止。根据“he’s a strong-minded person”可知,“放弃项目”与性格矛盾,此处是否定推测,应该用can’t。故选B。
9.(2025·江苏南通·一模)—Julia, never throw objects from high-rise buildings. Even a small object ________ hurt people badly and even cause death.
—Sorry, I won’t do that.
A.need B.must C.may D.should
【答案】C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】May、must、need、should、动词辨析、may表示推测
【详解】句意:——朱莉娅,永远不要从高楼扔东西。即使是一个小物件也可能会严重伤害到人,甚至致人死亡。——对不起,我不会再那样做了。
考查情态动词辨析。need需要;must必须;may可能;should应当。根据“Even a small object”以及“hurt people badly and even cause death.”可知,即使一个小物件,可能会伤人甚至致死。表示一种“可能”。故选C。
10.(2025·江苏连云港·二模)You ________ finish all the homework today because you’ll have enough time for it tomorrow.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.won’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】mustn't、need
【详解】句意:你今天不必完成所有的家庭作业,因为明天你有足够的时间。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;won’t将不;needn’t不必。根据“because you’ll have enough time for it tomorrow.”可知明天有足够的时间做作业,所以今天不必全部完成。故选D。
11.(2025·甘肃陇南·二模)—May we leave the classroom now?
—No, you ________. You ________ to leave until the bell rings.
A.needn’t; are allowed B.may not; are allowed
C.must; aren’t allowed D.can’t; aren’t allowed
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】must、否定句、can表示请求/许可
【详解】句意:——我们现在可以离开教室了吗?——不,你们不能。铃响之前,你们不允许离开。
考查情态动词和否定句。needn’t不必;may not可能不;must必须;can’t不能。根据“No, you...You...to leave until the bell rings”可知是不能离开,第一个空用can’t;第二个空表示“在铃响之前不允许离开”,第二个空用否定形式。故选D。
12.(2025·天津·模拟预测)If someone gives you a suggestion, you ________ think about it before you take it.
A.should B.may C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】May、mustn't、should、shouldn't、动词辨析、should表示建议
【详解】句意:如果有人给你建议,你在采纳之前应该先考虑一下。
考查情态动词。should应该;may也许;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该。根据“If someone gives you a suggestion, you ... think about it before you take it.”可知,是指在采纳他人的建议之前应该先考虑一下。故选A。
13.(2025·北京·模拟预测)—________ you play the piano at the party, Kitty?
—Sure. I’d like to do it.
A.May B.Can C.Must D.Should
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】May、must、should、动词辨析、can表示能力/能够
【详解】句意:——凯蒂,你能在派对上弹钢琴吗?——当然,我愿意。
考查情态动词辨析。May也许;Can能够;Must必须;Should应该。根据“Sure. I’d like to do it.”可知,此处表示请求对方“能否弹钢琴”,Can符合语境。故选B。
14.(2025·江西九江·一模)—Whose dictionary is it?
—It ________ be David’s. Look! His name is on the cover.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
【答案】A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】must、mustn't、must表示推测
【详解】句意:——这是谁的字典?——它一定是大卫的。看!封面上有他的名字。
考查情态动词。must“一定”,表肯定推测;mustn’t“不准”,表禁止;can“可能”,表可能;can’t“不可能”,表否定推测。根据“Look! His name is on the cover”可知,有明确证据表明字典属于大卫,需用must表肯定推测。故选A。
15.(2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测)Farmers work hard to provide us with enough food, so we ________ waste them.
A.need B.needn’t C.should D.shouldn’t
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】need、should、shouldn't、动词辨析、should表示责任/义务
【详解】句意:农民辛勤工作为我们提供充足的食物,所以我们不应该浪费它们。
考查情态动词辨析。need需要;needn’t不必;should应该;shouldn’t不应该。根据“Farmers work hard”可知,此处表达“不应浪费粮食”的劝诫,强调否定义务。故选D。
16.(2025·甘肃白银·二模)—You ________ worry about your lessons. We can help you with them.
—Thank you very much.
A.can B.can’t C.need D.needn’t
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】need、动词辨析、need
【详解】句意:——你不需要担心你的功课。我们可以帮你。——非常感谢。
考查动词辨析。can能;can’t不能;need需要;needn’t不需要。根据“You ... worry about your lessons. We can help you with them.”可知,不需要担心你的功课,故选D。
17.(2025·江苏南通·一模)—I’m practising Chinese calligraphy. It’s so hard to make the characters beautiful.
—You ______ be too patient with it. It takes time.
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】mustn't、shouldn't、can表示推测
【详解】句意:——我在练习中国书法。把笔画写美好难。——你越有耐心越好。那需要时间。
考查情态动词。needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t一定不要,表示禁止;can’t肯定不是,否定猜测。can’t be too+形容词,表示“再……也不为过”,根据“It takes time.”可知此处指对待书法再有耐心也不为过,故选D。
18.(2025·江苏宿迁·二模)—Whose book is this?
—It ______ be Jack’s. You see, his name is on it.
A.can B.may C.should D.must
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】May、must、should、动词辨析、must表示推测
【详解】句意:——这是谁的书?——它一定是杰克的。你看,他的名字在上面。
考查情态动词辨析。can能,可以,表示能力或可能性;may可能,也许,表示不确定的推测;should应该,表示建议、义务或推测;must一定,必须,表示肯定的推测,语气最强。根据“You see, his name is on it.”可知,他的名字在书上,那么推测这本书一定是杰克的,是一种非常肯定的推测,所以用must。故选D。
19.(2025·上海虹口·二模)We understand the conclusion perfectly. You ________ give us a further explanation.
A.can’t B.may not C.mustn’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】must、need、动词辨析、need
【详解】句意:我们完全理解这个结论。你不必再给我们解释了。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;may not也许不;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必。根据“We understand the conclusion perfectly.”可知,是不必要再给我们解释了。故选D。
20.(2025·山东淄博·一模)—You’d better ________ out at eight. There may be wild animals.
—No, I won’t.
A.don’t B.not go C.not to go D.to go
【答案】B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】had better (not) do sth.、had better
【详解】句意:——你最好不要在八点外出。可能会有野生动物。——好的,我不会的。
考查had better用法。had better do sth“最好做某事”,had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”。根据“You’d better ... out at eight. There may be wild animals.”可知,因为可能会有野生动物,所以最好不要出去。故选B。
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焦点07 动词
备考2026年中考英语新课标(核心素养)同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过
动词的基本框架
动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(一)实义动词
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词:及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾语
I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词+宾语+宾补
We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。
常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。
2.不及物动词
不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We study hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)
(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。
①动词+介词
Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。
此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。
②动词+副词+介词
Let’s go on with our work!
让我们继续我们的工作吧!
He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。
注意:这类动词短语后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。
3.延续性动词和非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:live,study,work,keep,teach等。
We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.
自2001年以来,我们一直住在苏州。
You can keep this book for two weeks.
这本书你可以借两周。
(2) 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束,
如:buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。
The old man has been dead for two years.
那个老人已经去世两年了。(这里不能用has died)
He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到这儿的。
(二)系动词
系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常见的系动词有:be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep等。这些词没有被动语态。
He is a strong man.他是一个强壮的人。
Mr Wang seems very angry.王先生似乎很生气。
This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。
The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。
You must keep healthy.你必须保持健康。
Her face turns red.她的脸红了。
(三)助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be、have、has、had、do、does、did、will和shall等。
1.助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)
(1)助动词be+现在分词,构成进行时。
They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.他们问我整个下午在干什么。
(2)助动词be+过去分词,构成被动语态。
English is spoken in many countries.许多国家都讲英语。
2.助动词have/has/had+过去分词形式,构成完成时。
We have studied English for five years.我们学英语已经五年了。
Have you seen Li Hua?你见到李华了吗?
We have read English for an hour.我们读了一小时英语了。
3.助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问句和否定句,用于倒装句,加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。
—Do you live in China?你住在中国吗?
—Yes,I do.是的,我住在中国。
He didn’t play basketball yesterday.他昨天没有打篮球。
Only then did I realize I was wrong.直到那时我才意识到我错了。
4.助动词will和shall用于构成一般将来时。(shall主要用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)
There will be a football match this evening.今晚将有一场足球比赛。
I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.到下个生日,我就十六岁了。
He asked me when we would leave.他问我我们何时动身。
(四)情态动词
有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中需和主要动词一起构成谓语。
动词语境辨析
1.实义动词词义辨析
中考对实义动词的考查主要涉及单项填空和完形填空两种题型,考查特点主要为语境辨析。根据上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。解答语境辨析类试题时,首先要确定四个动词的含义,然后分析语境,找出关键词或前后的逻辑关系,确定正确答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中,需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的用法。
2.近义动词词义辨析
中考对近义动词的辨析涉及,主要考查学生对近义词的辨析应用,此类试题要求学生掌握各近义词的不同用法、固定搭配及句型,注重细节的考查。
三个“借”
borrow 非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrow sth. from sb.
lend 非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lend sth. to sb.或lend sb. sth.
keep 延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”
三个“到达”
get get to+地点名词reach及物动词,后面可直接跟地点名词
reach 及物动词,后面可直接跟地点名词
arrive in+大地点(名词)at+小地点(名词)
三个“穿”
dress dress sb. 给某人穿衣服 dress sb. up 打扮某人
put on 穿上,戴上,表示动作
wear 穿着,戴着,表示状态
四个“花费”
spend 人作主语,表示花费时间或金钱,后接on sth. 或(in) doing sth.
cost 物作主语,表示“某物花费多少钱”
take 可用于固定句型,表示“花费一段时间做某事”,其结构为:It+takes/took+一段时间+to do sth.
pay 常与介词for连用,表示“支付”
四个“看”
see “看见”,表示结果
look “看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at才能跟宾语
watch “观看(比赛、电视等)”
read “看(书、报等)”,表示阅读
四个“说”
speak 作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词,表示“说,讲述”
say 常跟直接引语或间接引语,表示说的内容
talk 是不及物动词,常跟介词to和with,意为“同……谈话”,也表示具有说话能力
tell 意为“告诉”,与story连用,意为“讲故事”
四个“拿”
bring “带来,拿来”,表示拿到靠近说话人的地方
take “拿去,带走”,表示拿到远离说话人的地方
carry “扛,搬,用力移动”,没有方向
fetch “去取,去拿”,表示往返拿东西
四个“赢,输”
lose 意为“输给”某人,固定搭配为lose to sb.
fail 意为“失败”或“未做成某事”
beat 意为“打败”,后接人或某支队伍
win 意为“赢得,荣誉,地位,比赛等”
四个“参加”
join 一般指加入“党派”或“组织”并成为其中一员,如参军,入党,入团等
join in 指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动
take part in 指参加聚会或群众性活动
attend 一般指出席会议、典礼、婚礼等
四个“变化”
turn 一般用于颜色的变化
get 天变黑、变长或变短
become 天气变暖或变冷等,表示渐变
grow 形状变大或变小
3.感官动词词义辨析
sound 意为“听起来……”指听觉。good, wonderful, interesting, boring
look 意为“看起来……”表示相貌,外观。指视觉。beautiful, ugly, young, old
taste 意为“尝起来……”表示味道。指味觉。delicious, salty, sweet, sour。
smell 意为“闻起来……”表示气味。指嗅觉 sweet, nice, fresh
feel 意为“感觉,摸起来……”指触觉。soft, smooth, comfortable
动词短语
come up走近;发生;上升 come up with
come down 下来;落下 come true(希望、梦想等)实现
come out出版;发表;开花;发芽 come back 回来
come in进来 come across (偶然)遇见(或发现)
come on 快点;加油 come from来自
come over顺便来访 put on穿上;上演;增加
put up 张贴;搭建 put down写下;放下
put off推迟;拖延 put out扑灭;熄灭(火)
put away把……收起来 put into把……放进
look after 照顾;照看 look at看;朝……看
look for寻找;寻求 look like看起来像
look through 浏览 look up(词典书中等)查阅;查找
look around 环顾四周 look out当心
look over (仔细)检查 look out of往……外面看
look forward to 盼望;期待 get to到达
get over 克服 get back返回
get on上车 get off下车
get away from逃离 get up起床;起来
go away走开;离开 go back回到
go by(时间)流逝 go down下降
go up上升; 增长 go off熄灭; 离开
go on继续 go over仔细检查
go through通过 give out分发,发出
give in 投降;屈服 give up 放弃
give away赠送;分发 give back还给;归还;恢复(健康)
give birth to 生(孩子);产生 take care of照顾,照料
take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 take part in参加
take off 脱下(衣服),(飞机等)起飞 take out取出
take up占据(时间、空间);开始从事;拿起 take place 发生
take exercise 做运动 take notes做笔记
take down取下 take away拿走;带走
take in吸入;吞入(体内) take a rest休息
take pride in以……为傲 turn up开大, 调高,出现
turn on 打开 turn off 关闭
turn out结果是 turn down调小;拒绝
clean up(把……)打扫干净;(把……)收拾整 cheer up使振奋;使高兴起来
dress up穿上盛装;装扮 drink up喝光
eat up 吃光;吃完 get up 起床
give up 放弃 grow up成长;长大
look up(在词典、参考书等中)查阅;查找 hurry up 赶快;快点
make up 编造;拼凑成;形成;组成;构成 mix up混合在一起
pick up 捡起 put up张贴;搭建
set up建立;创立;开办 show up出席;露面
take up (尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做 stay up不睡觉;熬夜
turn up开大(声音);出现 wake up叫醒;醒来
give away 赠送;分发 go away走开
put away把……收起来;储存……备用 run away逃跑;跑掉
take away 拿走 throw away扔掉
动词→名词
常考角度如下:
play→player listen→listener
sleep→ sleeper work→worker
design→designer report→reporter
lead→leader own→owner
speak→speaker sing→singer
paint→painter fight→fighter
interview→interviewer travel→traveler/traveller
love→lover dance→dancer
drive→driver write→writer
manage→manager visit→visitor
act→actor invent→inventor
direct→director win→winner
run→runner
动词→现在分词
动词变现在分词在词形转换,均在介词后考查。
1. 介词后跟动名词,介词结尾的固定搭配有:
be different from 与……不同 be interested in 对……感兴趣
be afraid of 害怕…… be good at 擅长 ……
be famous/known for 以……而闻名 be busy with 忙于……
dream of 梦想 have trouble in 在……有困难
look forward to 盼望;期待 without doing 没做某事
2. 某些动词或动词短语后需跟动名词:
enjoy喜欢 mind介意
finish完成 keep持续
suggest建议 practice练习
be busy忙于 can’t help禁不住
feel like想要 give up放弃
动词→形容词
动词变形容词在词形转,总结填形容词的判断方法如下:
①跟在系动词或半系动词之后
②空后有名词;
③固定句型it is +adj.+of sb to do sth;
④the+形容词作主语。
1. v.+ing/ed(d)
v.+ing常修饰物, v.+ed修饰人
excite→exciting/excited amaze→amazing/amazed
satisfy→satisfying/satisfied frighten→frightening/frightened
interest→interesting/interested relax→relaxing/relaxed
bore→boring/bored tire→tiring/tired
surprise→surprising/surprised please→pleasing/pleased
2. v.+ful
wonder→wonderful care→careful
cheer→cheerful force→forceful
help→helpful regret→regretful
succeed→successful
3. v.+ive
act→active create→creative
4. v.+less
care→careless
1.This pair of shoes ________ so nice. I’ll take ________.
A.is; it B.is; them C.are; it D.are; them
2.—There is someone knocking at the door. I wonder who it ________ be.
—It ________ be Peter. He phoned to tell me he would come here soon.
A.must; must B.could; must C.might; can’t D.might; mustn’t
3.—Mum, I want some snacks, not the sandwich!
—My dear, don’t forget that you ________ fall ill without eating much unhealthy food last week.
A.may B.must C.couldn’t D.shouldn’t
4.These flowers don’t always need ________, so you _______ them every day.
A.to water; don’t need to water
B.watering; needn’t to water
C.to water; don’t need water
D.watering; don’t need to water
5.—I called you last night at 9:30 and I believed you ________ be at home because no one answered the phone.
—Sorry, I ________ at that time.
A.mustn’t; would have been sleeping B.couldn’t; should have slept
C.couldn’t; must have been sleeping D.might not; need have been slept
6.—Must I return the book this week?
—No, you ________. You can ________ it for 20 days.
A.mustn’t; keep B.needn’t; keep C.needn’t; borrow D.mustn’t; lend
7.Which of the following is RIGHT?
A.I’m looking forward to meet you next month.
B.She gets here in ten minutes.
C.Mr. Wu has left Beijing for one week.
D.The movie made me laugh.
8.He ________ wear his uniform (制服) today because today is Sunday.
A.need to B.doesn’t need to C.needs to D.needn’t to
9.—Look at the performer playing the guitar upside down on the stage. Is it Jim?
—It ________ be him. He told me he would surprise us.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.must D.may
10.They ________ water the flowers because it often rains these days.
A.needn’t to B.don’t need to C.need to D.don’t need
11.You’d better _________ to music when _________ your homework.
A.not to listen; doing B.not to listen; to do
C.not listen; to do D.not listen; doing
12.—Is the lady waiting at the school gate your mother, Alex?
—No, it ________ be her. She has gone to Hainan on business.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
13.—How is it going in your new company?
—It ________ be better. I’m always in high spirits at work.
A.shouldn’t B.couldn’t C.mustn’t D.may not
14.—Your father hardly has any free time for you, ________?
—________. He is busy with his research all the time.
A.hasn’t he; No, he hasn’t B.has he; Yes, he has
C.doesn’t he; Yes, he does D.does he; No, he doesn’t
15.—You’d better ________ some snacks or soft drinks before the film begins.
—But I think it’s better ________ anything while watching the film.
A.buy; not have B.to buy; not to have C.to buy; not have D.buy; not to have
16.The husband would rather ________ at home ________ some reading.
A.stay; to do B.stay; than do C.staying; to do D.staying; than do
17.—Who will your teacher have ________ the article?
—Jack, of course.
A.write B.to write C.wrote D.written
18.—How do you usually go to school?
—My school is far away. I ________ take the bus to school.
A.must B.don’t have to C.have to D.has to
19.Here ________ some photos of my school. They are very beautiful(漂亮的).
A.am B.is C.are D.be
20.Driving in rush hour traffic ________ be very dangerous, so you ________ be too careful.
A.should; ought to B.could; should
C.might; mustn’t D.can; cannot
1.(2025·福建·中考真题)—I’d like to travel to Shandong.
—Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t ________ it.
A.miss B.reach C.change
2.(2025·江西·中考真题)Mozart ______ many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.
A.enjoyed B.created C.bought D.heard
3.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate.
A.laid B.lay C.lain
4.(2025·云南·中考真题)—Linda, can you do housework?
—Yes, I________. I learned to cook at the age of eight.
A.must B.can C.should D.need
5.(2025·吉林·中考真题)The earth is our home. Everyone should begin with small things to ________ it.
A.protect B.move C.leave
6.(2025·甘肃金昌·中考真题)_________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work.
A.Could B.Must C.Might D.Should
7.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)It seems that ________ is a worldwide way to greet someone for the first time.
A.kissing B.hugging C.bowing D.shaking hands
8.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)A low-fat diet can ________ the risk of heart disease.
A.help B.reduce C.encourage D.support
9.(2025·四川遂宁·中考真题)—I have no time to buy things in the supermarket.
—Don’t worry. You can shop online instead. That way, you ________ waste a lot of time going from shop to shop.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
10.(2025·甘肃·中考真题)________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work.
A.Could B.Must C.Might D.Should
11.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)Chen Li is a friend who I trust all the time. He ________ lie to me.
A.can’t B.never C.mustn’t
12.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)China has made great achievements in protecting pandas. The number of wild pandas has ________ a lot.
A.helped B.increased C.protected
13.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)It’s our duty to protect the nature because it ________ us with fresh air and clean water.
A.provides B.compares C.refuses
14.(2025·天津·中考真题)You ________ tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.
A.need B.needn’t C.can D.can’t
15.(2025·天津·中考真题)When David sees these postcards, he will ________ his wonderful travel experiences.
A.remember B.borrow C.hate D.trust
16.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)—Will you be able to finish the work in time?
—I ________ promise anything, but I’ll do my best.
A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
17.(2025·安徽·中考真题)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It ________ much practice, patience and imagination.
A.explains B.supports C.provides D.requires
18.(2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)New types of energy from the sun, wind and water ________ little pollution and will never run out.
A.burn B.recycle C.separate D.produce
19.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)My father is too tired. Something ________ to keep him relaxed.
A.should do B.should be done C.must do
20.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)He ________ know the secret. I haven’t told anyone about it.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t
21.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work.
A.Could B.Must C.Might D.Should
22.(2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)From April 8, pet owners in China ________ bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains.
A.must B.should C.can D.need
23.(2025·四川成都·中考真题)—I’ve heard Lucy will join the art club.
—It ________ be true. She’s already in the basketball club. We can only choose one.
A.should B.can’t C.must
24.(2025·福建·中考真题)—How did you ________ the difficult math problem?
—With my teacher’s help.
A.work out B.hear about C.give up
25.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Steven decided to clean up the city parks with other volunteers on Earth Day.
A.found out B.made up his mind
C.took the place D.set up
1.(2025·江苏南京·二模)—Are we allowed to take photos in Dunhuang Museum?
—No, you ________. It does much harm to the artworks over time.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.shouldn’t
2.(2025·江苏扬州·三模)—Oh, Paul made himself dirty again. I guess a tiger ________ change its stripe.
—Take it easy. He just need time.
A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.may not
3.(2025·江苏连云港·二模)With the help of DeepSeek, many difficult problems _________ be solved.
A.can B.must C.should D.need
4.(2025·江苏南京·二模)Jogging ______ be a bit boring sometimes, but it’s a great way to start a day.
A.must B.may C.can’t D.shouldn’t
5.(2025·广东汕头·三模)—Hmm, so tasty! It ________ be my mother. She loves cooking.
—No, it ________ be her. I saw her go out for shopping.
A.must; mustn’t B.must; can’t C.may; mustn’t D.may; can’t
6.(2025·云南昆明·三模)—You ________ take photos with a flash light in our museum, sir.
—I’m sorry! I won’t use it any more.
A.can B.must C.needn’t D.mustn’t
7.(2025·吉林长春·三模)— The woman in red over there looks like our English teacher.
— It ______be her. She has gone to the U.S.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
8.(2025·江苏无锡·二模)—I hear he has given up his project.
—It ________ be true. As far as I know, he’s a strong-minded person.
A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t
9.(2025·江苏南通·一模)—Julia, never throw objects from high-rise buildings. Even a small object ________ hurt people badly and even cause death.
—Sorry, I won’t do that.
A.need B.must C.may D.should
10.(2025·江苏连云港·二模)You ________ finish all the homework today because you’ll have enough time for it tomorrow.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.won’t D.needn’t
11.(2025·甘肃陇南·二模)—May we leave the classroom now?
—No, you ________. You ________ to leave until the bell rings.
A.needn’t; are allowed B.may not; are allowed
C.must; aren’t allowed D.can’t; aren’t allowed
12.(2025·天津·模拟预测)If someone gives you a suggestion, you ________ think about it before you take it.
A.should B.may C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
13.(2025·北京·模拟预测)—________ you play the piano at the party, Kitty?
—Sure. I’d like to do it.
A.May B.Can C.Must D.Should
14.(2025·江西九江·一模)—Whose dictionary is it?
—It ________ be David’s. Look! His name is on the cover.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
15.(2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测)Farmers work hard to provide us with enough food, so we ________ waste them.
A.need B.needn’t C.should D.shouldn’t
16.(2025·甘肃白银·二模)—You ________ worry about your lessons. We can help you with them.
—Thank you very much.
A.can B.can’t C.need D.needn’t
17.(2025·江苏南通·一模)—I’m practising Chinese calligraphy. It’s so hard to make the characters beautiful.
—You ______ be too patient with it. It takes time.
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
18.(2025·江苏宿迁·二模)—Whose book is this?
—It ______ be Jack’s. You see, his name is on it.
A.can B.may C.should D.must
19.(2025·上海虹口·二模)We understand the conclusion perfectly. You ________ give us a further explanation.
A.can’t B.may not C.mustn’t D.needn’t
20.(2025·山东淄博·一模)—You’d better ________ out at eight. There may be wild animals.
—No, I won’t.
A.don’t B.not go C.not to go D.to go
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