Unit 4 The Senses （单元测试卷）英语沪教版2020选择性必修第一册.

金山区2023学年第一学期质量监控高三英语听力部分现在开始listening comprehension . section a directions。In section a, you will hear attention conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be spoken. Only once have you hear a conversation question about IT, read the four possible ransacks on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question and have heard. One, it's twelve thirty. You are meeting mr. Dawson an hour and a half later. Do you feel like some lunch? sure. Thanks a lot. Question, when will the men meet mr. dawson? Two, can I stay here for just another minute? I really need to look something up on shakespeare. Sorry, but everyone is supposed to put books back to the shelves after the closing bell. Question, what is properly the woman? Three IT never occurred me that your schedule moscow was so tired that you could not even send me a polls card. Come on, at least I got you this present. Why don't you like . IT question? How does the woman probably feel right now? For my friends are coming to see my apartment this weekend. Looks like i'd Better than you, my vacuum cleaner, than . question. What does the woman imply? Five, mary, you've passed the driving test. Wow, it's really music to my ears in. What does the woman mean? Six, you are sick on you, otherwise I don't see why you want to cancel the outer. I'm good, but look at the snowstorm outside. I don't want to get stuck in . IT question, why did the woman cancel the outing? Seven, my favourite star is coming this weekend. Would you like to go with me? You know, SHE is the last person I want to see. Question, what does the man imply? Eight, you look terrific since you started taking yoga. Thanks a lot. I've never felt so good in my life. Question, what does the woman mean? Nine, I haven't heard from Lucy for a long time. I'm wondering whether everything's going on well with her. No news is good news. Question, what does the woman mean? Ten, I know I promise to pick you up at the airport next friday, but something has come up. They've called a special meeting that day. That's okay, mary said he was available as a backstop question. What does the man mean? Section b directions in section b you are here, two short passengers and one longer conversation, and you'll be asked to several questions on each of the passengers and the conversation, the passengers and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible transfers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven to thirteen are based on the following passage. Poor memories have been a heated topic in recent years. That's why this month our columns will be focusing on memory, specifically the factors that can boost or breakdown our brain power. On page forty seven, you will read making memories for tips on strengthening your ability to recall. One tip I personally recommend is to do puzzles and the brain games section on page one hundred and six is great for you to start with. Reading is another way to keep your mind shop. No, finding when and what to read can be big chAllenges for this problem we can also help our select editions have been providing readers with carefully chose quality fiction books since the one nine hundred and fifties. And this month we are we launching this program with a brand new look and name fiction favorites. This new name captures our main mission to provide passionate readers with the best fiction out there featured both rising stars and the literature de, and they already top best selling authors. Each addition of fiction favorites is packed with four types of novels, all of which are hand packed by an excEllent editor team. Once purchased, that will be delivered straight to your home. So if you already attracted by this introduction, subscribe now by opening the camera on your cell phone and pointing them at the black sand my box below, or by visiting us at our official website. Now listen again, please. Poor memories have been a heated topic in recent years. That's why this month our columns will be focusing on memory, specifically the factors that can boost or breakdown our brain power. On page forty seven, you will read making memories for tips on strengthened in your ability to recall. One tip I personally recommend is to do puzzles, and the brain game section on page one hundred six is great for you to start with. Reading is another way to keep your mind sharp, though finding when and what you read can be big chAllenges. For this problem, we can also help. Our select editions have been providing readers with carefully chosen quality fiction books since the nineteen fifties. And this month, we're really launching this program with a brand new look and name fiction favorites. This new name captures our main mission to provide passionate readers with the best fiction out there featured both rising stars in the literature field, andy already top best selling authors. Each addition of fiction favorites is packed with four types of novels, all of which are handpicked by an excEllent editor team. Once purchased, they will be delivered straight to your home. So if you are already attracted by this introduction, subscribe now I opening the camera on your cell phone and pointing IT at the black scammy box below, or by visiting us at our official website. Question eleven, which tip does the speaker personally recommend to strengthen people's memories? Question twelve, what's the main mission of the renewed program fiction favorites? Question thirteen, what is the main purpose of this passage? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Surviving without water is tougher than surviving without food, and this is a big chAllenge in the dry deserts of saudi arabia. The deserts don't have much shade, and the scenes aren't grade for plants to grow. IT might seem unlikely for farms, cities and civilizations to develop their, but that's what happened in the oil of valley, even in the desert. They are spots with water that support, live, realize one such place in a vast deserts of saudi radio. The story of ayla started millions of years ago when the wetter climate shaped a big water catchment like a giant boat to collect and store water. Most of the water flowed underground and got trapped. Over time, more water was collected until IT reached the surface, creating a wetland. This wetland allow plants to grow and provided food for many living creatures. Oil less. First, people lived like hunter gathers, seeking shade and giant trees, hunting animals and drinking from natural springs. But oil edge wasn't just about water. IT also had rich soil perfect for growing crops. Later, this attracted settings, who built a civilization and group crops like fruit and weed in this way are you look, they can, of plays where people settled, developed agriculture, and the civilization thrived and grew. Now listen again, please. Surviving without water is tougher than surviving without food. And this is a big chAllenge in the dry deserts of saudi arabia. The deserts don't have much shade, and the scenes aren't great for plans to grow. IT might seem unlikely for farms, cities and civilizations to develop there, but that's what happened in the l you love valley. Even in the desert, there are spots with water that support life. Eula is one such place in the vast deserts of saudi arabia. The story of Alice a started millions of years ago when the weather climate shaped a big water catchment like a giant bow to collect and store water. Most of the water float underground and got trapped. Over time. More water was collected until I reached the surface, creating a wetland. This wetland allowed plans to grow and provide IT food for many living creatures. L. U. S. First, people lived like hunter gathers, seeking shade under giant trees, hunting animals and drinking from natural springs. But alya wasn't just about water. IT also had rich soil perfect for growing crops. Later, these attracted settings, who built a civilization and grow crops like fruits and weed. In this way, all you love became a place where people settled, developed agriculture, and the civilization thrived and grew. Question fourteen, which one is a feature of most deserts in saudi arabia? Question fifteen, why was albula habitable? Question sixteen, what is this passage mainly about? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. We watch our certain fact into to protect our hearts. We apply some screen to protect our skin. But what can we do to protect our eyes? Let's welcome professor bath today to give us some tips. Hi, professor. hi. Actually, it's not just skin that needs to be protected from the sunlight. I need this protection too. That's news to me. How can we do this? For example, wearing sunglasses can block out ninety nine percent to a hundred percent of U. V. light. You mean those cool looking glasses with dark lenses? Well, actually, dark Lances unnecessarily. You be protected and can does be more harmful to your eyes. So we should pay attention to the U. V. Protection ability of the sunglasses. exactly. Another surprising thing is that gardening, home repairs and sports can all pose risks to the ice. These are all common household draws and activities. What shall we do? Wearing sports glasses as eye protectors can be useful so as to avoid accidents like being hit by small rocks. That sounds pretty easy and effective now that the program is coming to an end. Are there any other tips you'd like to give us. professor? Though it's already common knowledge, it's still worth mentioning that staring at the screen for long can leave ice exhausted and result in further consequences. A mere twenty second break every twenty minutes can be of great help. IT seems fairly practical, but I believe many will still find IT hard to develop this habit. Even two hours in front of the screen feels like a flash. Thank you today for your sharing professor bus. Now listen again, please. We watch our small fat into to protect our hearts. We apply some screen to protect our skin. But what can we do to protect our eyes? Let's welcome, professor, but today to give us some tips. Hi, professor. hi. Actually, it's not just skin that needs to be protected from the sunlight. I need this protection too. That's news to me. How can we do this? For example, wearing sunglasses can block out ninety nine percent to a hundred percent of U. V. light. You mean those cool looking glasses with dark lenses . will actually dark Lances unnecessarily? You be protected and can does be more harmful to your eyes. So we should pay attention to the U. V. Protection ability of the sunglasses. exactly. Another surprising thing is that gardening, home repairs and sports can all pose risks to the ice. These are all common housework, chores and activities. What shall we do? Wearing sports glasses as eye protectors can be useful so as to avoid accidents like being hit by small rocks. That sounds pretty easy and effective. Now that the program is coming to an end. Are there any other tips you'd like to give us. professor? Though it's already common knowledge, it's still worth mentioning that staring at the screen for long can leave ice exhausted and result in further consequences. A mere twenty second break every twenty minutes can be of great help. IT seems fairly practical, but I believe many will still find a car to develop this habit. Even two hours in front of the screen feels like a flash. Thank you today for your sharing, professor best. Question seventeen, what is the main idea of this conversation? Question, what feature of sunglasses should be paid more attention to? Question nineteen, why should we be careful when doing common household chores and activities? Question twenty, how often should we take a break from staring at the screen? 听力测试到此结束，请继续答题。 2025-2026学年高一选择性必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 4 The Senses 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 12:30. B. At 13:00. C. At 13:30. D. At 14:00. 2. A. A professor. B. A waitress. C. An actress. D. A librarian. 3. A. Worried. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Delighted. 4. A. The man is eager to see his parents. B. The man’s friends should come later. C. The man’s apartment needs tidying up. D. The man should buy a vacuum cleaner. 5. A. She thinks the news is like music. B. She is happy to hear the news. C. She is upset about the test result. D. She doubts she passed the test. 6. A. Because she is sick. B. Because she doesn’t see why to go out. C. Because the weather is bad. D. Because they have something else to do. 7. A. He is excited to see the star. B. He is indifferent about the star. C. He is unsure about his feelings towards the star. D. He doesn’t want to see the woman’s favorite star. 8. A. She’s regretted taking yoga. B. Her health has improved greatly. C. Her present condition is just so so. D. She’s considering more exercise classes. 9. A. She is worried about Lucy. B. She has bad news about Lucy. C. She has heard from Lucy recently. D. She thinks everything is OK with Lucy. 10. A. Mary can pick him up next Friday. B. Mary can attend the meeting next Friday. C. He has to change his plan for next Friday. D. He is available for the meeting next Friday. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Doing puzzles. B. Visiting the official website. C. Reading “Making Memories”. D. Purchasing popular fiction books. 12. A. To help people strengthen their memories. B. To broaden the horizons of the passionate readers. C. To provide readers with high-quality fiction works. D. To recommend the rising stars in the literature field. 13. A. To promote a renewed program. B. To teach how to strengthen memories. C. To warn people to improve poor memories. D. To appeal to people to be passionate readers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Rich soil. B. Enough water. C. Some crops. D. Little shade. 15. A. Because it had a lot of trees. B. Because it was always raining there. C. Because it was located near a big city. D. Because it had a wetland with water and rich soils. 16. A. The history of Saudi Arabia. B. The climate change in Saudi Arabia. C. The development of civilization in AlUla. D. The hunting techniques of the first people in AlUla. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The importance of a balanced diet. B. The benefits of applying sunscreen. C. The risks of common household chores and activities. D. The importance of protecting our eyes and how to do it. 18. A. The color of the lenses (镜片). B. The style of the sunglasses. C. The UV protection ability of the sunglasses. D. The brand of the sunglasses. 19. A. Because our eyes can get exhausted. B. Because they can be time-consuming. C. Because they can pose risks to the eyes. D. Because there are small rocks that may hit us. 20. A. Every 20 seconds. B. Every 20 minutes. C. Every 2 hours. D. Every 4 hours. II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 语法与词汇 Section A（语法填空） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a 21 (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back 22 it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is 23 (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately 24 each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 25 researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are 26 (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving 27 again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment 28 depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around 29 (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible 30 (fulfill). Section B（选词填空） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 31 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 32 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 33 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 34 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 35 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 36 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 37 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 38 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 39 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 40 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The Book of the Millennium When I was a graduate student in Oxford many years ago, I shared a house with a brilliant German sinologist (汉学家). Many visitors would pop into our house, and one night around the kitchen table I met a(n) 41 character. His name was David Hawkes. A(n) 42 linguist, he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II. Later, as a teacher, he did wonderful translation of Songs of the South (楚辞), part of a poetic tradition earlier than anything that has 43 in the West. Then he became a professor of Chinese at Oxford, but, as he put it, “I resigned in order to 44 my time to translating a Chinese novel…Well, the Chinese novel.” The book was Dream of the Red Chamber, written by Cao Xueqin. British 45 Anthony West wrote in The New Yorkerin 1958 that the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature” and that “it is 46 one of the great novels of all literature.” Hawkes eventually completed his great endeavor, with the help of his son-in-law John Minford, who 47 the last two volumes of the five, which were published by Penguin between 1973 and 1986. Hawkes’ translation was 48 as an introduction to a “masterpiece”. Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes. It is full of 49 detail of the social, cultural and spiritual life of the time. Studying it for non-Chinese readers has never perhaps been more useful. At a time when 50 of Chinese culture and identity is increasingly necessary because of the country’s new international role, getting insights into the heart of Chinese culture through a novel 51 recognized as one of the most influential produced in the Chinese language would seem as uncontroversial statement. Cao’s work while seen as essentially local and Chinese, is about 52 and the nature of human experience. That transcends the 53 of a particular language and context in which the novel is set. The book as it stands in the Penguin version runs to 2500 pages — twice as long as War and Peace. 54 at first because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader). But once you are into it, it is a book into which the reader can completely 55 themselves; it is like anything else in all of literature. 41．A．arrogant B．fascinating C．humorous D．responsible 42．A．decisive B．frustrated C．generous D．talented 43．A．copied B．launched C．revised D．survived 44．A．addict B．devote C．expose D．reduce 45．A．critic B．critical C．criticism D．criticize 46．A．beyond question B．in doubt C．in question D．out of the question 47．A．gathered B．bought C．sold D．translated 48．A．approved B．appointed C．elected D．greeted 49．A．boring B．fake C．imaginary D．incredible 50．A．appreciation B．definition C．determination D．opposition 51．A．barely B．critically C．specially D．universally 52．A．humanity B．modernity C．personality D．sincerity 53．A．boundaries B．circles C．perspectives D．spaces 54．A．Never-ending B．Hard-going C．Labor-saving D．Record-breaking 55．A．change B．immerse C．persuade D．reduce Section B （阅读理解） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Peterson Moturi journeyed to Nairobi, Kenya in 2014 to find a better life for himself. Initially, he would sell drinking water and groundnuts, as well as working as a car wash attendant before becoming a watchman for night duties. Since his goal was to join law school, he saved Kes 50, 000, which he used to pay for his admission to law school. He applied for admission to the Kenya School of Law (KSL) in 2016 and was successful, but the biggest headache facing him was that he didn’t have enough money to pay his fees. Fortunately, he got some financial assistance from Mr. PLO Lumumba, who was then the school director and offered him a scholarship. However, Moturi was then faced with the challenging task of working at night and attending class during the day. Unfortunately, when he sat for his final exams, he got a Pass, which could not allow him to move to the next stage, attaining a law degree. That meant he had to score at least a credit and find money to pay for his diploma courses. He decided to approach his employer, Radar Security, for help. He honestly told his boss that he failed and wondered if he could sponsor him for the diploma once again. To his surprise, his boss agreed, and in no time, he was back in class. “Now I am a joyful man. I am graduating with a credit score. I can now go ahead, pursue a law degree and become an advocate,” he said at the graduation ceremony. Though dressed in the usual graduation regalia (礼服), Moturi somehow appeared different from his colleagues due to the security guard uiform he wore underneath. The 28-year-old man desires to help the less fortunate in society have access to justice. 56．What bothered Moturi most after he gained admission to the KSL? A．Losing his day job. B．Lacking school fees. C．Feeding his family. D．Failing in his final exams. 57．Why did Moturi decide to score at least a credit? A．To enable his boss to sponsor him. B．To succeed in obtaining the scholarship. C．To graduate from the KSL ahead of time. D．To qualify for admission for a law degree. 58．How did Moturi support himself while studying in the KSL? A．By selling daily articles. B．By offering car washing service. C．By serving as a night watchman. D．By asking his family for financial help. 59．Which of the following can best describe Peterson Moturi? A．Determined. B．Modest. C．Imaginative. D．Generous. (B) As the sun set he remembered, to give himself more confidence, the time in the tavern at Casablanca when he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. They had gone one day and one night with their elbows on a chalk line on the table and their forearms straight up and their hands gripped tight. Each one was trying to force the other’s hand down onto the table. There was much betting and people went in and out of the room under the kerosene lights and he had looked at the arm and hand of the negro and at the negro’s face. They changed the referees every four hours after the first eight so that the referees could sleep. Blood came out from under the fingernails of both his and the negro’s hands and they looked each other in the eye and at their hands and forearms and the bettors went in and out of the room and sat on high chairs against the wall and watched. The walls were painted bright blue and were of wood and the lamps threw their shadows against them. The negro’s shadow was huge and it moved on the wall as the breeze moved the lamps. The odds would change back and forth all night and they fed the negro rum and lighted cigarettes for him. Then the negro, after the rum, would try for a tremendous effort and once he had the old man, who was not an old man then but was Santiago El Campeon, nearly three inches off balance. But the old man had raised his hand up to dead even again. He was sure then that he had the negro, who was a fine man and a great athlete, beaten. And at daylight when the bettors were asking that it be called a draw and the referee was shaking his head, he had unleashed his effort and forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. The match had started on a Sunday morning and ended on a Monday morning. Many of the bettors had asked for a draw because they had to go to work on the docks loading sacks of sugar or at the Havana Coal Company. Otherwise everyone would have wanted it to go to a finish. But he had finished it anyway and before anyone had to go to work. For a long time after that everyone had called him The Champion and there had been a return match in the spring. But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. After that he had a few matches and then no more. He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough and he decided that it was bad for his right hand for fishing. He had tried a few practice matches with his left hand. But his left hand had always been a traitor and would not do what he called on it to do and he did not trust it. Quoted from The Old Man and the Sea 60．Since the old man is the main character, in the hand game, why does Hemingway put more efforts in describing his opponent the negro? A．Because Hemingway himself is an anti-racist who wants to support the colored race. B．By doing so, he indirectly shows how strong and determined the old man is to readers. C．He shifts readers’ attention to a new character to neutralize the nervous atmosphere. D．There is no need to describe the old man because he is well-known to all readers. 61．What does the underlined word “unleashed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．spare B．restrict C．reduce D．loose 62．Which of the followings is TRUE according to the passage? A．Many bettors were afraid of losing their money so they wanted to call the game a draw. B．The old man had owed his victory over the negro more to his will than to his strength. C．The referee had been convinced by the bettors that the game be considered a draw D．Regular hand games should be a good practice to enhance the old man’s fishing skills (C) Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 63．We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C．visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D．the more doctors a patient sees, the better 64．Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A．increase their income by working overtime B．improve their expertise and service C．see more patients at the expense of quality D．make various deals with specialists 65．What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A．Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 66．The best title for this passage is ________. A．The Health Care in Trouble B．The Imbalance System C．The Declining Number of Doctors D．The Ever-rising Health Care Costs Section C（六选四） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Power Causes Brain Damage If power were a drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects. It can intoxicate. It can corrupt. It can even cause brain damage. Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury: 67 Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. 68 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not-so-powerful under a transcranial-magnetic-stimulation machine, he found that power, in fact, damages a specific neural (神经系统的) process, “mirroring,” that may be an important part of empathy. This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the “power paradox”: Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. 69 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view — a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer’s vantage point. Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves — and backwards to everyone else. (This calls to mind George W. Bush, who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.) Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling, or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark. People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. 70 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. Powerful people “stop simulating the experience of others,” Keltner says, which leads to what he calls an “empathy deficit.” This is a depressing finding, but is there nothing to be done? No and yes. It’s difficult to stop power’s tendency to affect your brain. What’s easier — from time to time, at least — is to stop feeling powerful. Power is not a post or a position but a mental state. Recount a time you did not feel powerful, Keltner suggests, and your brain can empathize with reality. A．Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. B．It’s what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone’s hand squeezing a rubber ball. C．That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. D．The historian Henry Adams described power as “a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim’s sympathies.” E．Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. F．They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. “Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally. Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as teens. Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to others’ needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We’re out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities, he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home. The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack(懈怠的) about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment add up to big ones over time. 71.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.聚会上，对为了理想而奋斗的岁月的回忆似乎成为大家的共同话题。(appear) (汉译英) 73.正是因为没有抵制金钱和名誉的诱惑，那位名人违反了法律，最终她不得不为此付出惨重的代价。(price) (汉译英) 74.因双方都志在必得，该场比赛被证明非常艰难。(prove) (汉译英) 75.有些青少年热衷于在各大网络平台为喜欢的歌手投票，因此浪费了大量的时间。(enthusiastic) (汉译英) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高一学生李明，在你校英语报读到如下征文启事：从小学至今，每个 人都制定过许多计划，有过许多新学期愿景，其中有些中途放弃了，有些坚持到底了。请你就“坚持还是放弃”这个话题写一篇征文，内容需包括： ●  简单描述你曾经中途放弃或坚持到底的某个计划； ●  阐述你中途放弃或坚持到底的原因以及对你的启示。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年高二选择性必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 4（参考答案） I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1~20 DDBCB CDBDA ACA DDC DCCB II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A（语法填空） 21．recording 22．where 23．has been redefined 24．from 25．What 26．more flexible 27．it 28．which/that 29．satisfied 30．to fulfill Section B（选词填空） 31．H 32．K 33．B 34．G 35．F 36．J 37．C 38．A 39．E 40．D III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） 41．B 42．D 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．A 47．D 48．D 49．D 50．A 51．D 52．A 53．A 54．B 55．B Section B （阅读理解） 56．B 57．D 58．C 59．A 60．B 61．D 62．B 63．D 64．C 65．A 66．B Section C（六选四） 67．F 68．A 69．C 70．E IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) 71.Parents today overlook the significance of kids sharing housework, but studies show chores help children develop better in studies, mental health and even future careers. Besides, it enables kids to become responsible and self- reliant. Still, by doing their share of chores, kids grow to be loving, caring and helpful. So it’s important for parents to let children take up housework. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） 72.At the party, memories of the years of striving for ideals appeared to be a common topic. 73.Just because she didn’t resist the temptation of money and fame, the celebrity broke the law and eventually she had to pay a heavy price for it. 74.With both sides determined to win, the game proved to be very difficult. 75.Some teenagers are so enthusiastic about voting for their favorite singers on various online platforms that they waste a lot of time. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 The Dilemma of Persistence and Surrender As a freshman at Mingqi High School, I have encountered many forks in the road of my life. Among the numerous plans and aspirations I’ve set for myself, one stands out — my decision to learn the piano. Initially, the thought of mastering this elegant instrument filled me with enthusiasm, but soon, the rigorous practice and complex theory took their toll. I surrendered, overwhelmed by the challenge. Looking back, I realize that my surrender was a result of my lack of resilience. I failed to persevere when faced with difficulties. This experience taught me a valuable lesson: giving up too easily can lead to missed opportunities and unfulfilled dreams. Now, I strive to be more determined, understanding that true growth lies in overcoming obstacles, not avoiding them. Persistence, not surrender, is the key to success. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年高一选择性必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 4 The Senses 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 12:30. B. At 13:00. C. At 13:30. D. At 14:00. 2. A. A professor. B. A waitress. C. An actress. D. A librarian. 3. A. Worried. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Delighted. 4. A. The man is eager to see his parents. B. The man’s friends should come later. C. The man’s apartment needs tidying up. D. The man should buy a vacuum cleaner. 5. A. She thinks the news is like music. B. She is happy to hear the news. C. She is upset about the test result. D. She doubts she passed the test. 6. A. Because she is sick. B. Because she doesn’t see why to go out. C. Because the weather is bad. D. Because they have something else to do. 7. A. He is excited to see the star. B. He is indifferent about the star. C. He is unsure about his feelings towards the star. D. He doesn’t want to see the woman’s favorite star. 8. A. She’s regretted taking yoga. B. Her health has improved greatly. C. Her present condition is just so so. D. She’s considering more exercise classes. 9. A. She is worried about Lucy. B. She has bad news about Lucy. C. She has heard from Lucy recently. D. She thinks everything is OK with Lucy. 10. A. Mary can pick him up next Friday. B. Mary can attend the meeting next Friday. C. He has to change his plan for next Friday. D. He is available for the meeting next Friday. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Doing puzzles. B. Visiting the official website. C. Reading “Making Memories”. D. Purchasing popular fiction books. 12. A. To help people strengthen their memories. B. To broaden the horizons of the passionate readers. C. To provide readers with high-quality fiction works. D. To recommend the rising stars in the literature field. 13. A. To promote a renewed program. B. To teach how to strengthen memories. C. To warn people to improve poor memories. D. To appeal to people to be passionate readers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Rich soil. B. Enough water. C. Some crops. D. Little shade. 15. A. Because it had a lot of trees. B. Because it was always raining there. C. Because it was located near a big city. D. Because it had a wetland with water and rich soils. 16. A. The history of Saudi Arabia. B. The climate change in Saudi Arabia. C. The development of civilization in AlUla. D. The hunting techniques of the first people in AlUla. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The importance of a balanced diet. B. The benefits of applying sunscreen. C. The risks of common household chores and activities. D. The importance of protecting our eyes and how to do it. 18. A. The color of the lenses (镜片). B. The style of the sunglasses. C. The UV protection ability of the sunglasses. D. The brand of the sunglasses. 19. A. Because our eyes can get exhausted. B. Because they can be time-consuming. C. Because they can pose risks to the eyes. D. Because there are small rocks that may hit us. 20. A. Every 20 seconds. B. Every 20 minutes. C. Every 2 hours. D. Every 4 hours. II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 语法与词汇 Section A（语法填空） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a 21 (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back 22 it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is 23 (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately 24 each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 25 researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are 26 (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving 27 again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment 28 depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around 29 (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible 30 (fulfill). Section B（选词填空） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 31 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 32 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 33 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 34 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 35 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 36 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 37 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 38 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 39 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 40 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The Book of the Millennium When I was a graduate student in Oxford many years ago, I shared a house with a brilliant German sinologist (汉学家). Many visitors would pop into our house, and one night around the kitchen table I met a(n) 41 character. His name was David Hawkes. A(n) 42 linguist, he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II. Later, as a teacher, he did wonderful translation of Songs of the South (楚辞), part of a poetic tradition earlier than anything that has 43 in the West. Then he became a professor of Chinese at Oxford, but, as he put it, “I resigned in order to 44 my time to translating a Chinese novel…Well, the Chinese novel.” The book was Dream of the Red Chamber, written by Cao Xueqin. British 45 Anthony West wrote in The New Yorkerin 1958 that the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature” and that “it is 46 one of the great novels of all literature.” Hawkes eventually completed his great endeavor, with the help of his son-in-law John Minford, who 47 the last two volumes of the five, which were published by Penguin between 1973 and 1986. Hawkes’ translation was 48 as an introduction to a “masterpiece”. Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes. It is full of 49 detail of the social, cultural and spiritual life of the time. Studying it for non-Chinese readers has never perhaps been more useful. At a time when 50 of Chinese culture and identity is increasingly necessary because of the country’s new international role, getting insights into the heart of Chinese culture through a novel 51 recognized as one of the most influential produced in the Chinese language would seem as uncontroversial statement. Cao’s work while seen as essentially local and Chinese, is about 52 and the nature of human experience. That transcends the 53 of a particular language and context in which the novel is set. The book as it stands in the Penguin version runs to 2500 pages — twice as long as War and Peace. 54 at first because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader). But once you are into it, it is a book into which the reader can completely 55 themselves; it is like anything else in all of literature. 41．A．arrogant B．fascinating C．humorous D．responsible 42．A．decisive B．frustrated C．generous D．talented 43．A．copied B．launched C．revised D．survived 44．A．addict B．devote C．expose D．reduce 45．A．critic B．critical C．criticism D．criticize 46．A．beyond question B．in doubt C．in question D．out of the question 47．A．gathered B．bought C．sold D．translated 48．A．approved B．appointed C．elected D．greeted 49．A．boring B．fake C．imaginary D．incredible 50．A．appreciation B．definition C．determination D．opposition 51．A．barely B．critically C．specially D．universally 52．A．humanity B．modernity C．personality D．sincerity 53．A．boundaries B．circles C．perspectives D．spaces 54．A．Never-ending B．Hard-going C．Labor-saving D．Record-breaking 55．A．change B．immerse C．persuade D．reduce Section B （阅读理解） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Peterson Moturi journeyed to Nairobi, Kenya in 2014 to find a better life for himself. Initially, he would sell drinking water and groundnuts, as well as working as a car wash attendant before becoming a watchman for night duties. Since his goal was to join law school, he saved Kes 50, 000, which he used to pay for his admission to law school. He applied for admission to the Kenya School of Law (KSL) in 2016 and was successful, but the biggest headache facing him was that he didn’t have enough money to pay his fees. Fortunately, he got some financial assistance from Mr. PLO Lumumba, who was then the school director and offered him a scholarship. However, Moturi was then faced with the challenging task of working at night and attending class during the day. Unfortunately, when he sat for his final exams, he got a Pass, which could not allow him to move to the next stage, attaining a law degree. That meant he had to score at least a credit and find money to pay for his diploma courses. He decided to approach his employer, Radar Security, for help. He honestly told his boss that he failed and wondered if he could sponsor him for the diploma once again. To his surprise, his boss agreed, and in no time, he was back in class. “Now I am a joyful man. I am graduating with a credit score. I can now go ahead, pursue a law degree and become an advocate,” he said at the graduation ceremony. Though dressed in the usual graduation regalia (礼服), Moturi somehow appeared different from his colleagues due to the security guard uiform he wore underneath. The 28-year-old man desires to help the less fortunate in society have access to justice. 56．What bothered Moturi most after he gained admission to the KSL? A．Losing his day job. B．Lacking school fees. C．Feeding his family. D．Failing in his final exams. 57．Why did Moturi decide to score at least a credit? A．To enable his boss to sponsor him. B．To succeed in obtaining the scholarship. C．To graduate from the KSL ahead of time. D．To qualify for admission for a law degree. 58．How did Moturi support himself while studying in the KSL? A．By selling daily articles. B．By offering car washing service. C．By serving as a night watchman. D．By asking his family for financial help. 59．Which of the following can best describe Peterson Moturi? A．Determined. B．Modest. C．Imaginative. D．Generous. (B) As the sun set he remembered, to give himself more confidence, the time in the tavern at Casablanca when he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. They had gone one day and one night with their elbows on a chalk line on the table and their forearms straight up and their hands gripped tight. Each one was trying to force the other’s hand down onto the table. There was much betting and people went in and out of the room under the kerosene lights and he had looked at the arm and hand of the negro and at the negro’s face. They changed the referees every four hours after the first eight so that the referees could sleep. Blood came out from under the fingernails of both his and the negro’s hands and they looked each other in the eye and at their hands and forearms and the bettors went in and out of the room and sat on high chairs against the wall and watched. The walls were painted bright blue and were of wood and the lamps threw their shadows against them. The negro’s shadow was huge and it moved on the wall as the breeze moved the lamps. The odds would change back and forth all night and they fed the negro rum and lighted cigarettes for him. Then the negro, after the rum, would try for a tremendous effort and once he had the old man, who was not an old man then but was Santiago El Campeon, nearly three inches off balance. But the old man had raised his hand up to dead even again. He was sure then that he had the negro, who was a fine man and a great athlete, beaten. And at daylight when the bettors were asking that it be called a draw and the referee was shaking his head, he had unleashed his effort and forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. The match had started on a Sunday morning and ended on a Monday morning. Many of the bettors had asked for a draw because they had to go to work on the docks loading sacks of sugar or at the Havana Coal Company. Otherwise everyone would have wanted it to go to a finish. But he had finished it anyway and before anyone had to go to work. For a long time after that everyone had called him The Champion and there had been a return match in the spring. But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. After that he had a few matches and then no more. He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough and he decided that it was bad for his right hand for fishing. He had tried a few practice matches with his left hand. But his left hand had always been a traitor and would not do what he called on it to do and he did not trust it. Quoted from The Old Man and the Sea 60．Since the old man is the main character, in the hand game, why does Hemingway put more efforts in describing his opponent the negro? A．Because Hemingway himself is an anti-racist who wants to support the colored race. B．By doing so, he indirectly shows how strong and determined the old man is to readers. C．He shifts readers’ attention to a new character to neutralize the nervous atmosphere. D．There is no need to describe the old man because he is well-known to all readers. 61．What does the underlined word “unleashed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．spare B．restrict C．reduce D．loose 62．Which of the followings is TRUE according to the passage? A．Many bettors were afraid of losing their money so they wanted to call the game a draw. B．The old man had owed his victory over the negro more to his will than to his strength. C．The referee had been convinced by the bettors that the game be considered a draw D．Regular hand games should be a good practice to enhance the old man’s fishing skills (C) Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 63．We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C．visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D．the more doctors a patient sees, the better 64．Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A．increase their income by working overtime B．improve their expertise and service C．see more patients at the expense of quality D．make various deals with specialists 65．What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A．Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 66．The best title for this passage is ________. A．The Health Care in Trouble B．The Imbalance System C．The Declining Number of Doctors D．The Ever-rising Health Care Costs Section C（六选四） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Power Causes Brain Damage If power were a drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects. It can intoxicate. It can corrupt. It can even cause brain damage. Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury: 67 Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. 68 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not-so-powerful under a transcranial-magnetic-stimulation machine, he found that power, in fact, damages a specific neural (神经系统的) process, “mirroring,” that may be an important part of empathy. This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the “power paradox”: Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. 69 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view — a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer’s vantage point. Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves — and backwards to everyone else. (This calls to mind George W. Bush, who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.) Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling, or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark. People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. 70 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. Powerful people “stop simulating the experience of others,” Keltner says, which leads to what he calls an “empathy deficit.” This is a depressing finding, but is there nothing to be done? No and yes. It’s difficult to stop power’s tendency to affect your brain. What’s easier — from time to time, at least — is to stop feeling powerful. Power is not a post or a position but a mental state. Recount a time you did not feel powerful, Keltner suggests, and your brain can empathize with reality. A．Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. B．It’s what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone’s hand squeezing a rubber ball. C．That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. D．The historian Henry Adams described power as “a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim’s sympathies.” E．Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. F．They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. “Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally. Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as teens. Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to others’ needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We’re out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities, he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home. The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack(懈怠的) about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment add up to big ones over time. 71.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.聚会上，对为了理想而奋斗的岁月的回忆似乎成为大家的共同话题。(appear) (汉译英) 73.正是因为没有抵制金钱和名誉的诱惑，那位名人违反了法律，最终她不得不为此付出惨重的代价。(price) (汉译英) 74.因双方都志在必得，该场比赛被证明非常艰难。(prove) (汉译英) 75.有些青少年热衷于在各大网络平台为喜欢的歌手投票，因此浪费了大量的时间。(enthusiastic) (汉译英) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高一学生李明，在你校英语报读到如下征文启事：从小学至今，每个 人都制定过许多计划，有过许多新学期愿景，其中有些中途放弃了，有些坚持到底了。请你就“坚持还是放弃”这个话题写一篇征文，内容需包括： ●  简单描述你曾经中途放弃或坚持到底的某个计划； ●  阐述你中途放弃或坚持到底的原因以及对你的启示。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年高一选择性必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 4 The Senses 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At 12:30. B. At 13:00. C. At 13:30. D. At 14:00. 2. A. A professor. B. A waitress. C. An actress. D. A librarian. 3. A. Worried. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Delighted. 4. A. The man is eager to see his parents. B. The man’s friends should come later. C. The man’s apartment needs tidying up. D. The man should buy a vacuum cleaner. 5. A. She thinks the news is like music. B. She is happy to hear the news. C. She is upset about the test result. D. She doubts she passed the test. 6. A. Because she is sick. B. Because she doesn’t see why to go out. C. Because the weather is bad. D. Because they have something else to do. 7. A. He is excited to see the star. B. He is indifferent about the star. C. He is unsure about his feelings towards the star. D. He doesn’t want to see the woman’s favorite star. 8. A. She’s regretted taking yoga. B. Her health has improved greatly. C. Her present condition is just so so. D. She’s considering more exercise classes. 9. A. She is worried about Lucy. B. She has bad news about Lucy. C. She has heard from Lucy recently. D. She thinks everything is OK with Lucy. 10. A. Mary can pick him up next Friday. B. Mary can attend the meeting next Friday. C. He has to change his plan for next Friday. D. He is available for the meeting next Friday. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Doing puzzles. B. Visiting the official website. C. Reading “Making Memories”. D. Purchasing popular fiction books. 12. A. To help people strengthen their memories. B. To broaden the horizons of the passionate readers. C. To provide readers with high-quality fiction works. D. To recommend the rising stars in the literature field. 13. A. To promote a renewed program. B. To teach how to strengthen memories. C. To warn people to improve poor memories. D. To appeal to people to be passionate readers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Rich soil. B. Enough water. C. Some crops. D. Little shade. 15. A. Because it had a lot of trees. B. Because it was always raining there. C. Because it was located near a big city. D. Because it had a wetland with water and rich soils. 16. A. The history of Saudi Arabia. B. The climate change in Saudi Arabia. C. The development of civilization in AlUla. D. The hunting techniques of the first people in AlUla. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The importance of a balanced diet. B. The benefits of applying sunscreen. C. The risks of common household chores and activities. D. The importance of protecting our eyes and how to do it. 18. A. The color of the lenses (镜片). B. The style of the sunglasses. C. The UV protection ability of the sunglasses. D. The brand of the sunglasses. 19. A. Because our eyes can get exhausted. B. Because they can be time-consuming. C. Because they can pose risks to the eyes. D. Because there are small rocks that may hit us. 20. A. Every 20 seconds. B. Every 20 minutes. C. Every 2 hours. D. Every 4 hours. 【答案】1~20 DDBCB CDBDA ACA DDC DCCB Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. W: It’s twelve thirty. You’re meeting Mr. Dawson an hour and a half later. Do you feel like some lunch? M: Sure. Thanks a lot. Q: When will the man meet Mr. Dawson? 2. M: Can I stay here for just another minute? I really need to look something up on Shakespeare. W: Sorry. But everyone is supposed to put books back to the shelves after the closing bell. Q: What is probably the woman? 3. W: It never occurred to me that your schedule in Moscow was so tight that you could not even send me a postcard. M: Come on! At least I got you this present. Why don’t you like it? Q: How does the woman probably feel right now? 4. M: My friends are coming to see my apartment this weekend. W: Looks like I’d better lend you my vacuum cleaner then. Q: What does the woman imply? 5. M: Mary, you’ve passed the driving test! W: Wow, it’s really music to my ears. Q: What does the woman mean? 6. M: You’re sick, aren’t you? Otherwise, I don’t see why you want to cancel the outing. W: I’m good. But look at the snowstorm outside. I don’t want to get stuck in it. Q: Why did the woman cancel the outing? 7. W: My favorite star is coming this weekend. Would you like to go with me? M: You know she is the last person I want to see. Q: What does the man imply? 8. M: You look terrific since you started taking yoga. W: Thanks a lot. I’ve never felt so goog in my life. Q: What does the woman mean? 9. M: I haven’t heard from Lucy for a long time. I’m wondering whether everything is going on well with her. W: No news is good news. Q: What does the woman mean? 10. W: I know I promised to pick you up at the airport next Friday. But something has come up. They’ve called a special meeting that day. M: That’s OK. Mary said she was available as a backup. Q: What does the man mean? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Poor memories have been a heated topic in recent years. That’s why this month, our columns will be focusing on memory, specifically the factors that can boost or break down our brainpower. On page 47, you will read “Making Memories” for tips on strengthening your ability to recall. One tip I personally recommend is to do puzzles, and the Brain Games section on page 106 is great for you to start with. Reading is another way to keep your mind sharp, though finding when and what to read can be big challenges. For this problem, we can also help. Our select editions have been providing readers with carefully chosen quality fiction books since the 1950s. This month, we are relaunching this program with a brand new look and name: Fiction Favorites. This new name captures our main mission: to provide passionate readers with the best fiction out there, featuring both rising stars in the literature field and the already top bestselling authors. Each edition of Fiction Favorites is packed with four types of novels, all of which are hand-picked by an excellent editor team. Once purchased, they will be delivered straight to your home. So if you are already attracted by this introduction, subscribe now by opening the camera on your cellphone and pointing it at the black “scan me” box below or by visiting us at our official website. (Now listen again，please) Questions: 11. Which tip does the speaker personally recommend to strengthen people’s memories? 12. What’s the main mission of the renewed program, Fiction Favorites? 13. What’s the main purpose of this passage? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Surviving without water is tougher than surviving without food, and this is a big challenge in the dry deserts of Saudi Arabia. The deserts don’t have much shade, and the sands aren’t great for plants to grow. It might seem unlikely for farms, cities, and civilizations to develop there, but that’s what happened in the AlUla valley. Even in the desert, there are spots with water that support life. AlUla is one such place in the vast deserts of Saudi Arabia. The story of AlUla started millions of years ago when a wetter climate shaped a big water catchment, like a giant bowl to collect and store water. Most of the water flowed underground and got trapped. Over time, more water was collected until it reached the surface, creating a wetland. This wetland allowed plants to grow and provided food for many living creatures. AlUla’s first people lived like hunter-gatherers, seeking shade under giant trees, hunting animals, and drinking from natural springs. But AlUla wasn’t just about water; it also had rich soils, perfect for growing crops. Later, this attracted settlers who built a civilization and grew crops like fruits and wheat. In this way, AlUla became a place where people settled, developed agriculture, and the civilization thrived and grew. (Now listen again，please) Questions: 14. Which one is a feature of most deserts in Saudi Arabia? 15. Why was AlUla habitable? 16. What is this passage mainly about? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. M: We watch our salt and fat intake to protect our hearts. We apply sunscreen to protect our skin. But what can we do to protect our eyes? Let’s welcome Professor Beth today to give us some tips. Hi professor. W: Hi. Actually, it’s not just skin that needs to be protected from the sunlight. Eyes need this protection, too. M: That’s news to me. How can we do this? W: For example, wearing sunglasses can block out 99% to 100% of UV light. M: You mean those cool-looking glasses with dark lenses? W: Well actually, dark lenses aren’t necessarily UV-protected, and can thus be more harmful to your eyes. M: So, we should pay attention to the UV protection ability of the sunglasses. W: Exactly. Another surprising thing is that gardening, home repairs and sports can all pose risks to the eyes. M: These are all common household chores and activities! What should we do? W: Wearing sports glasses as eye protectors can be useful, so as to avoid accidents like being hit by small rocks. M: That sounds pretty easy and effective. Now that the program is coming to an end, are there any other tips you’d like to give us, professor? W: Though it’s already common knowledge, it’s still worth mentioning that staring at a screen for long can leave eyes exhausted and result in further consequences. A mere 20-second break every 20 minutes can be of great help. M: It seems fairly practical but I believe many will still find it hard to develop this habit. Even 2 hours in front of a screen feels like a flash. Thank you today for your sharing, Professor Beth. (Now listen again, please) Questions: 17. What is the main idea of this conversation? 18. What feature of sunglasses should be paid most attention to? 19. Why should we be careful when doing common household chores and activities? 20. How often should we take a break from staring at a screen? II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 语法与词汇 Section A（语法填空） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a 21 (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back 22 it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is 23 (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately 24 each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. 25 researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are 26 (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving 27 again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment 28 depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around 29 (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible 30 (fulfill). 【答案】 21．recording 22．where 23．has been redefined 24．from 25．What 26．more flexible 27．it 28．which/that 29．satisfied 30．to fulfill 【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究发现，记忆的元素彼此分开存储，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。这种理解对于科学家以相当创新的方式消除和替换记忆至关重要。文章对此进行了详细介绍。 21．考查动名词。句意：人们一直认为，记忆的目的是将生活中发生的每一件事归档，然后让我们回忆起来，就像一台记录装置。a recording device意为“记录装置”，此处应用动名词作定语表示用途和功能。故填recording。 22．考查状语从句。句意：当我们回忆起一段记忆时，我们进入大脑库，拿出一个文件，看一看，然后把它放回原来的地方。“ it was”是地点状语从句，根据句意，表示“(它原来所在的)地方”，应用连词where引导该从句。故填where。 23．考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：记忆是什么被重新定义了。动词redefine意为“重新定义”，和主语从句what memory is构成被动关系。此处表示动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，应用现在完成时。主语为从句，谓语应用三单形式。故填has been redefined。 24．考查介词。句意：首先，没有中央记忆库；记忆的元素彼此分开存储，因此与特定记忆相关的东西——气味、声音、情感、身体接触、图片等——被保存在大脑的不同区域，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起。separately from each other意为“彼此分开”，此处应用介词from。故填from。 25．考查主语从句。句意：研究人员现在认为，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。在主语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，应用连接代词what。句首首字母应大写。故填What。 26．考查比较级。句意：这意味着记忆比我们之前认为的更灵活。根据“than previously thought”可知，此处应用形容词比较级more flexible表示“更灵活的”作表语。故填more flexible。 27．考查代词。句意：这种并行更像是在计算机上打开一个文件，修改然后再次保存它。代指前文中的a file应用代词it。故填it。 28．考查定语从句。句意：在最近的一项研究中，把一只老鼠放在一个全新的、空旷的环境中，使它感到沮丧，并导致它拒绝移动。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为environment，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 29．考查形容词。句意：激光机器上的一个开关给老鼠带来了以前快乐的记忆，老鼠就会满意地到处跑，表现出放松、正常的行为。根据“showing relaxed, normal behavior”可知，此处应用形容词satisfied表示“满意的”作状语。故填satisfied。 30．考查动词不定式。句意：不可能变成了可能。become possible to do意为“变得可能做某事”，此处应用to do不定式。动词fulfill意为“实现”。故填fulfill。 Section B（选词填空） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 31 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 32 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 33 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 34 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 35 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 36 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 37 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 38 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 39 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 40 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 【答案】 31．H 32．K 33．B 34．G 35．F 36．J 37．C 38．A 39．E 40．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为了保护犀牛免受盗猎，科学家们正在研究如何制造仿制的犀牛角以扰乱市场，降低真犀牛角的价值和减少猎杀犀牛的动机。 31．考查动词。句意：因此，一公斤犀牛角可以要价高达60,000美元的价格，这给盗猎者带来了巨大的猎杀犀牛的动机。分析句子可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与as much as $60,000搭配，表示“要求，索取”的意思。command在此处意为“要求，索取”，符合句意。故选H项。 32．考查副词。句意：由于几乎所有的犀牛种群都处于濒危状态，有几种已经处于严重濒危状态，这是一个严重的问题。分析句子可知，这是一个独立主格结构，根据下文“this is a serious problem(这是一个严重的问题)”可知，空白处应填表示“严重地”含义的表达。critically意为“关键地，严重地”，在此处表示前因后果的关系，符合句意。故选K项。 33．考查动词。句意：因此，一些环保人士建议，减少对犀牛的压力的一种方法可能是用假货淹没市场。根据下文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望这样能降低真正犀牛角的价值)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与the market搭配，表示“淹没，充斥”的意思。flood意为“淹没，充斥”，符合句意。故选B项。 34．考查副词。句意：他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值，并因此降低猎杀犀牛的动机。根据上文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值)”以及下文“the motivation to hunt rhinos(猎杀犀牛的动机)”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。consequently意为“因此”，作状语修饰谓语动词reduce，符合句意。故选G项。 35．考查副词。句意：他和他的同事在《科学报告》中写道，他们已经想出了一种廉价且易于制作的仿制品，与真品惊人地相似。根据下文“similar to the real thing(与真品相似)”可知，空格处应填入一个副词，用于修饰similar，表示“惊人地”的意思。strikingly意为“显著地，惊人地”，符合句意。故选F项。 36．考查形容词。句意：尽管马和犀牛的外表不同，但它们在进化上是相当接近的。根据下文“appearances(外表)”以及“horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related(马和犀牛在进化上是相当接近的)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰appearances，表示“不同”的意思。differing意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选J项。 37．考查动词。句意：犀牛的“角”是由毛发紧紧地绑在一起组成的，使用的是死细胞的混合物。根据下文“tightly together using a mixture of dead cells(使用死细胞的混合物紧紧地……在一起)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与together搭配，表示“绑在一起”的意思。bound意为“绑定”，符合句意。故选C项。 38．考查形容词。句意：显微镜下的检查显示，从马尾收集的毛发与犀牛角中发现的特征相似，除了马毛有一层在犀牛角中缺失的特殊层。根据上文“except that horse hairs had a special layer(除了马毛有一层特殊层)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰layer，表示“缺失”的意思。absent意为“不在场的，缺失的”，符合句意。故选A项。 39．考查动名词。句意：结果是一种粗糙的材料，经过一些打磨后，看起来像犀牛角。根据空白处下文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个动名词，用于表示材料变光滑的过程。polishing意为“打磨”，符合句意。故选E项。 40．考查形容词。句意：是否将无法区分的仿品投放到犀牛角市场会真正降低价格和需求还有待测试。根据空白处上文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰fakes，表示“无法区分”的意思。indistinguishable意为“无法区分的”，符合句意。故选D项。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The Book of the Millennium When I was a graduate student in Oxford many years ago, I shared a house with a brilliant German sinologist (汉学家). Many visitors would pop into our house, and one night around the kitchen table I met a(n) 41 character. His name was David Hawkes. A(n) 42 linguist, he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II. Later, as a teacher, he did wonderful translation of Songs of the South (楚辞), part of a poetic tradition earlier than anything that has 43 in the West. Then he became a professor of Chinese at Oxford, but, as he put it, “I resigned in order to 44 my time to translating a Chinese novel…Well, the Chinese novel.” The book was Dream of the Red Chamber, written by Cao Xueqin. British 45 Anthony West wrote in The New Yorkerin 1958 that the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature” and that “it is 46 one of the great novels of all literature.” Hawkes eventually completed his great endeavor, with the help of his son-in-law John Minford, who 47 the last two volumes of the five, which were published by Penguin between 1973 and 1986. Hawkes’ translation was 48 as an introduction to a “masterpiece”. Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes. It is full of 49 detail of the social, cultural and spiritual life of the time. Studying it for non-Chinese readers has never perhaps been more useful. At a time when 50 of Chinese culture and identity is increasingly necessary because of the country’s new international role, getting insights into the heart of Chinese culture through a novel 51 recognized as one of the most influential produced in the Chinese language would seem as uncontroversial statement. Cao’s work while seen as essentially local and Chinese, is about 52 and the nature of human experience. That transcends the 53 of a particular language and context in which the novel is set. The book as it stands in the Penguin version runs to 2500 pages — twice as long as War and Peace. 54 at first because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader). But once you are into it, it is a book into which the reader can completely 55 themselves; it is like anything else in all of literature. 41．A．arrogant B．fascinating C．humorous D．responsible 42．A．decisive B．frustrated C．generous D．talented 43．A．copied B．launched C．revised D．survived 44．A．addict B．devote C．expose D．reduce 45．A．critic B．critical C．criticism D．criticize 46．A．beyond question B．in doubt C．in question D．out of the question 47．A．gathered B．bought C．sold D．translated 48．A．approved B．appointed C．elected D．greeted 49．A．boring B．fake C．imaginary D．incredible 50．A．appreciation B．definition C．determination D．opposition 51．A．barely B．critically C．specially D．universally 52．A．humanity B．modernity C．personality D．sincerity 53．A．boundaries B．circles C．perspectives D．spaces 54．A．Never-ending B．Hard-going C．Labor-saving D．Record-breaking 55．A．change B．immerse C．persuade D．reduce 【答案】 41．B 42．D 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．A 47．D 48．D 49．D 50．A 51．D 52．A 53．A 54．B 55．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了David Hawkes和其女婿共同翻译了中国古典小说——《红楼梦》，并介绍了阅读该小说的意义等。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多客人会突然来到我们家，有一天晚上，在厨房的桌子旁，我遇到了一个迷人的人物。A. arrogant傲慢的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. humorous幽默的；D. responsible负责任的。根据下文描述可知，这位客人才华横溢，非常有吸引力。故选B。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名极有天赋的语言学家，他在二战期间20岁出头的时候指导了日本密码的破译工作。A. decisive决定性的；B. frustrated沮丧的；C. generous慷慨的；D. talented有天赋的。根据下文“he directed Japanese codebreakers in his early twenties, during World War II.”可知，David Hawkes帮助破译密码，由此可知，David Hawkes是个很有天赋的语言学家。故选D。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，作为一名教师，他翻译了《楚辞》，这是西方诗歌传统的一部分，比任何幸存下来的东西都要早。A. copied复制；B. launched发射；C. revised校订；D. survived幸存。根据空前的“earlier”可知，这里指的是比西方传统的诗歌都要早，而这些诗歌则是从过去幸存下来的。故选D。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他成为牛津大学的中文教授，但正如他所说，“我辞职是为了把时间花在翻译一部中国小说上……嗯，是中国小说。”A. addict使……上瘾；B. devote致力；C. expose揭露；D. reduce减少。根据句意可知，本句指的是David Hawkes辞职的目的是为了翻译一部中国小说。短语：devote…to doing sth.，意为“投入……做某事”。故选B。 45．考查词性辨析辨析。句意：英国评论家Anthony West于1958年在《纽约时报》上写道，这部小说之于中国文学，“就像《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》之于俄罗斯文学，《追忆似水年华》之于法国文学”，“毫无疑问，它是所有文学作品中最伟大的小说之一”。A. critic评论家；B. critical批评的；C. criticism批评；D. criticize批评。根据下文“Anthony West”可知，这里指的是一个评论家。故选A。 46．考查短语词义辨析。句意：英国评论家Anthony West于1958年在《纽约时报》上写道，这部小说之于中国文学，“就像《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》之于俄罗斯文学，《追忆似水年华》之于法国文学”，“毫无疑问，它是所有文学作品中最伟大的小说之一”。A. beyond question毫无疑问；B. in doubt怀疑；C. in question正在考虑中；D. out of the question不可能。根据上文“the novel is to Chinese literature “very much what The Brothers Karamazov is to Russian and Remembrance of Things Past is to French literature”可知，他认为这部小说是非常伟大的小说。故选A。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终在他的女婿John Minford的帮助下，Hawkes完成了他的伟大努力，并于1973年至1986年由企鹅出版社出版，他的女婿翻译了五卷中的最后两卷。A. gathered聚集；B. bought买；C. sold卖；D. translated翻译。根据上文可知，Hawkes辞职是为了完成《红楼梦》的翻译。由此判断，他的女婿翻译了最后两卷。故选D。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hawkes的翻译被视为一部“杰作”的开端。A. approved同意；B. appointed委派；C. elected选举；D. greeted问候。根据上文可知，Hawkes认为《红楼梦》的艺术价值极高，而他的翻译也被视作是这部小说进入西方文化的开端。考查短语：be greeted as，意为“被视作……”。故选D。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它充满了当时社会、文化和精神生活的令人难以置信的细节。A. boring无聊的；B. fake假的；C. imaginary想象中的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据上文“Dream of the Red Chamber was written in the 1750s “by a great artist with his very lifeblood,” said Hawkes.”可知，Hawkes认为作者曹雪芹是一位伟大的艺术家，这部小说倾注了作者毕生的心血，由此判断，书中的细节都真实地令人难以置信。故选D。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于中国新的国际角色，对中国文化和身份的了解越来越有必要，通过一部被普遍认为最具影响力的中文小说之一，深入了解中国文化的核心，似乎是一个无可争议的声明。A. appreciation了解；B. definition下定义；C. determination决心；D. opposition反对。根据下文“because of the country’s new international role”可推断，中国在国际上的地位正在上升，所以对中国文化和身份的了解非常有必要。故选A。 51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于中国新的国际角色，对中国文化和身份的欣赏越来越有必要，通过一部被普遍认为最具影响力的中文小说之一，深入了解中国文化的核心，似乎是一个无可争议的声明。A. barely几乎不；B. critically批评性地；C. specially尤其；D. universally普遍地。根据常理推测，《红楼梦》被人们普遍认为是最具影响力的中文小说。故选D。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：曹雪芹的作品虽然被认为本质上是本地的和中国的，但却是关于人性和人类经验的本质。A. humanity人性；B. modernity现代化；C. personality个性；D. sincerity真诚。根据空后“the nature of human experience”可知，空处内容与之相似，指的是关于人类经验的本质，根据《红楼梦》的内容可知，该小说还讲述了人性。故选A。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这超越了小说所处的特定语言和语境的界限。A. boundaries边界；B. circles圆圈；C. perspectives看法；D. spaces空间。根据空前的“transcend”以及空后“a particular language and context in which the novel is set.”可知，本句指的是超越了小说所处的语言和语境的界限。故选A。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始很难，因为大量的人物和他们的名字很难(对非中文读者)。A. Never-ending不停的；B. Hard-going难以进行；C. Labor-saving省工的；D. Record-breaking破纪录的。根据空后“because of the large number of characters and their difficult names (to a non-Chinese reader).”可知，由于《红楼梦》中大量人物和其名字，所以非中文读者一开始阅读的时候会有点困难。故选B。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，一旦你进入其中，这是一本读者可以完全沉浸其中的书；它就像所有文学作品中的其他作品一样。A. change改变；B. immerse使沉浸（于）；C. persuade劝服；D. reduce减少。根据上文“once you are into it”可知，此处指的是读者沉浸在书本之中。故选B。 Section B （阅读理解） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Peterson Moturi journeyed to Nairobi, Kenya in 2014 to find a better life for himself. Initially, he would sell drinking water and groundnuts, as well as working as a car wash attendant before becoming a watchman for night duties. Since his goal was to join law school, he saved Kes 50, 000, which he used to pay for his admission to law school. He applied for admission to the Kenya School of Law (KSL) in 2016 and was successful, but the biggest headache facing him was that he didn’t have enough money to pay his fees. Fortunately, he got some financial assistance from Mr. PLO Lumumba, who was then the school director and offered him a scholarship. However, Moturi was then faced with the challenging task of working at night and attending class during the day. Unfortunately, when he sat for his final exams, he got a Pass, which could not allow him to move to the next stage, attaining a law degree. That meant he had to score at least a credit and find money to pay for his diploma courses. He decided to approach his employer, Radar Security, for help. He honestly told his boss that he failed and wondered if he could sponsor him for the diploma once again. To his surprise, his boss agreed, and in no time, he was back in class. “Now I am a joyful man. I am graduating with a credit score. I can now go ahead, pursue a law degree and become an advocate,” he said at the graduation ceremony. Though dressed in the usual graduation regalia (礼服), Moturi somehow appeared different from his colleagues due to the security guard uiform he wore underneath. The 28-year-old man desires to help the less fortunate in society have access to justice. 56．What bothered Moturi most after he gained admission to the KSL? A．Losing his day job. B．Lacking school fees. C．Feeding his family. D．Failing in his final exams. 57．Why did Moturi decide to score at least a credit? A．To enable his boss to sponsor him. B．To succeed in obtaining the scholarship. C．To graduate from the KSL ahead of time. D．To qualify for admission for a law degree. 58．How did Moturi support himself while studying in the KSL? A．By selling daily articles. B．By offering car washing service. C．By serving as a night watchman. D．By asking his family for financial help. 59．Which of the following can best describe Peterson Moturi? A．Determined. B．Modest. C．Imaginative. D．Generous. 【答案】56．B 57．D 58．C 59．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了肯尼亚人莫图里为实现读法学院的目标靠做保安等工作不懈奋斗的故事。 【详解】 56.细节理解题。根据第二段“He applied for admission to the Kenya School of Law (KSL) in 2016 and was successful, but the biggest headache facing him was that he didn’t have enough money to pay his fees.(他在2016年申请了肯尼亚法学院（KSL），并获得了成功，但他面临的最头疼的问题是他没有足够的钱支付学费。)”可知，莫图里被肯尼亚法学院录取后，最困扰他的事情就是没有足够的钱支付学费。故选B。 57.推理判断题。根据第三段“Unfortunately, when he sat for his final exams, he got a Pass, which could not allow him to move to the next stage, attaining a law degree. That meant he had to score at least a credit and find money to pay for his diploma courses.(不幸的是，当他参加期末考试时，他获得了及格，这不能让他进入下一个阶段，获得法律学位。这意味着他至少要拿到一个学分，还要有钱支付文凭课程的学费。)”和最后一段“I can now go ahead, pursue a law degree and become an advocate(我现在可以继续前进，攻读法律学位，成为一名律师)”可知，需要获得至少一个学分才有资格攻读法学学位，所以莫图里才做出这样的决定，以实现当律师的目标。故选D。 58. 推理判断题。根据第一段“before becoming a watchman for night duties(在成为夜间值班的保安之前)”以及第三段“approach his employer, Radar Security, for help(向他的雇主雷达安全公司寻求帮助)”和最后一段“due to the security guard uniform he wore underneath(因为他里面穿的是保安制服)”可推知，在法学院学习期间他是靠做夜间保安员来养活自己的。故选C。 59. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了莫图里为实现读法学院的目标，面对困境永不放弃，克服了重重苦难，最终如愿以偿，说明他是一位意志非常坚定的人。故选A。 (B) As the sun set he remembered, to give himself more confidence, the time in the tavern at Casablanca when he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. They had gone one day and one night with their elbows on a chalk line on the table and their forearms straight up and their hands gripped tight. Each one was trying to force the other’s hand down onto the table. There was much betting and people went in and out of the room under the kerosene lights and he had looked at the arm and hand of the negro and at the negro’s face. They changed the referees every four hours after the first eight so that the referees could sleep. Blood came out from under the fingernails of both his and the negro’s hands and they looked each other in the eye and at their hands and forearms and the bettors went in and out of the room and sat on high chairs against the wall and watched. The walls were painted bright blue and were of wood and the lamps threw their shadows against them. The negro’s shadow was huge and it moved on the wall as the breeze moved the lamps. The odds would change back and forth all night and they fed the negro rum and lighted cigarettes for him. Then the negro, after the rum, would try for a tremendous effort and once he had the old man, who was not an old man then but was Santiago El Campeon, nearly three inches off balance. But the old man had raised his hand up to dead even again. He was sure then that he had the negro, who was a fine man and a great athlete, beaten. And at daylight when the bettors were asking that it be called a draw and the referee was shaking his head, he had unleashed his effort and forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. The match had started on a Sunday morning and ended on a Monday morning. Many of the bettors had asked for a draw because they had to go to work on the docks loading sacks of sugar or at the Havana Coal Company. Otherwise everyone would have wanted it to go to a finish. But he had finished it anyway and before anyone had to go to work. For a long time after that everyone had called him The Champion and there had been a return match in the spring. But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. After that he had a few matches and then no more. He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough and he decided that it was bad for his right hand for fishing. He had tried a few practice matches with his left hand. But his left hand had always been a traitor and would not do what he called on it to do and he did not trust it. Quoted from The Old Man and the Sea 60．Since the old man is the main character, in the hand game, why does Hemingway put more efforts in describing his opponent the negro? A．Because Hemingway himself is an anti-racist who wants to support the colored race. B．By doing so, he indirectly shows how strong and determined the old man is to readers. C．He shifts readers’ attention to a new character to neutralize the nervous atmosphere. D．There is no need to describe the old man because he is well-known to all readers. 61．What does the underlined word “unleashed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．spare B．restrict C．reduce D．loose 62．Which of the followings is TRUE according to the passage? A．Many bettors were afraid of losing their money so they wanted to call the game a draw. B．The old man had owed his victory over the negro more to his will than to his strength. C．The referee had been convinced by the bettors that the game be considered a draw D．Regular hand games should be a good practice to enhance the old man’s fishing skills 【答案】60．B 61．D 62．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了海明威《老人与海》的片段，老人和黑人比赛的情节。 60．推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks.  (他和Cienfuegos的强大的黑人玩过扳手腕，后者是码头上最强壮的人)”可知，和老人进行比赛的黑人是码头上最强壮的。在下文中，作者介绍了老人和黑人比赛的过程和结果：老人通过努力，打败了黑人。由此推知，第二段对黑人对手进行更多的描述是为了反衬出老人的强壮和坚定。故选B。 61．词义猜测题。划线单词下文“forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. (用力将黑人的手往下压，直到它停在木头上)”可推知要将黑人的手压下去必须释放全部力气，因此带下划线单词的意思是：“释放”，故选D。 62．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. (但赌注不多，他很容易就赢了，因为他在第一场比赛中就打破了西恩富戈斯黑人的信心。)”可知根据文章，这位老人对黑人的胜利更多地归功于他的意志，而不是他的力量，故选B。 (C) Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 63．We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C．visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D．the more doctors a patient sees, the better 64．Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A．increase their income by working overtime B．improve their expertise and service C．see more patients at the expense of quality D．make various deals with specialists 65．What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A．Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 66．The best title for this passage is ________. A．The Health Care in Trouble B．The Imbalance System C．The Declining Number of Doctors D．The Ever-rising Health Care Costs 【答案】63．D 64．C 65．A 66．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱，而美国却强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生，以至于初级保健滑落，并给出了具体原因和针对这一问题的对策。 63．推理判断题。根据第三段“The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. (令人吃惊的发现是，医保病人平均每年看7位医生——2位初级保健医生和5位专科医生。与普遍的看法相反，更多的医生照顾你并不能保证更好的护理)”可推断普遍的看法是病人看的医生越多越好，故选D。 64．细节理解题。根据第四段“How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. (我们怎么会让初级保健滑落到如此地步?关键是医生的薪酬。大多数医生在提供医疗服务时获得报酬。医生做得越多，无论质量或结果如何，他得到的补偿就越多。此外，医生的收入很大程度上依赖于医疗或外科手术。一位专家在30分钟内完成一项手术，其收入是一位初级保健医生在30分钟内讨论病人病情的三倍。再加上政府每年都威胁任意地地削减报销，医生们别无选择，只能增加数量来增加收入。)”可知，面对政府不加选择地削减报销的威胁，初级保健医生不得不以牺牲质量为代价看更多的病人，故选C。 65．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. (首先要改革医生报销制度。消除初级保健医生每小时挤进更多病人的压力，并奖励他们对疾病的最佳管理和循证医学的实践。通过减免那些选择初级保健作为职业的学生贷款，调和专科医生和初级保健医生之间的显著差异，使初级保健对医学生更具吸引力)”可知为了提供更好的医疗保健，作者建议调和专科医生和初级保健医生之间的显著差异，也就是工资差距，故选A。 66．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段和第二段“Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. (巨额的医疗费用、急诊室的长时间等待以及找不到初级保健医生，这些都只是患者每天面临的问题的皮毛。初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱。在卫生结果和费用方面，拥有适当初级保健资源的国家得分很高。美国采取了相反的方法，强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生。)”可知本文主要讲述初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱，而美国却强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生，导致初级保健下滑，也就是保健系统的不平衡，所以B选项“不平衡的系统”符合文章题意，故选B。 Section C（六选四） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Power Causes Brain Damage If power were a drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects. It can intoxicate. It can corrupt. It can even cause brain damage. Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury: 67 Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. 68 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not-so-powerful under a transcranial-magnetic-stimulation machine, he found that power, in fact, damages a specific neural (神经系统的) process, “mirroring,” that may be an important part of empathy. This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the “power paradox”: Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. 69 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view — a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer’s vantage point. Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves — and backwards to everyone else. (This calls to mind George W. Bush, who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.) Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling, or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark. People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. 70 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. Powerful people “stop simulating the experience of others,” Keltner says, which leads to what he calls an “empathy deficit.” This is a depressing finding, but is there nothing to be done? No and yes. It’s difficult to stop power’s tendency to affect your brain. What’s easier — from time to time, at least — is to stop feeling powerful. Power is not a post or a position but a mental state. Recount a time you did not feel powerful, Keltner suggests, and your brain can empathize with reality. A．Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. B．It’s what Obhi and his team were trying to activate when they had their subjects watch a video of someone’s hand squeezing a rubber ball. C．That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. D．The historian Henry Adams described power as “a sort of tumor that ends by killing the victim’s sympathies.” E．Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. F．They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. 【答案】67．F 68．A 69．C 70．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明拥有权力会引起人脑损伤。 67．空前说“Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury (加州大学伯克利分校的心理学教授Dacher Keltner在长达20年的研究中发现，受权力影响的受试者表现得就像遭受了脑损伤一样)”，空前有个冒号，说明空格处要解释说明这些受试者像遭受了脑损伤一样的具体表现是什么，F选项“They become more impulsive, less risk-aware, and, crucially, less capable of seeing things from other people’s point of view. (他们变得更冲动，更缺乏风险意识，至关重要的是，更无法从别人的角度看问题。)”陈述的是像脑损伤一样的表现，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 68．空前说“Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. (麦克马斯特大学的神经科学家Sukhvinder Obhi最近也描述了类似的情况。)”，空格处应该介绍Sukhvinder Obhi是干什么的，A选项“Unlike Keltner, who studies behaviors, Obhi studies brains. (与研究行为的Keltner不同，Obhi研究的是大脑。)”说明了Obhi是研究大脑的人，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 69．空前说“Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. (一旦我们拥有了权力，我们就会失去一些最初获得权力所需的能力。)”，空格处应该说这种能力的丧失会有什么影响，C选项“That loss in capacity has been demonstrated in various creative ways. (这种能力的丧失已经以各种创造性的方式表现出来。)”中的“That loss in capacity”和空前的“we lose some of the capacities”呼应，且说明了这种能力的丧失有各种表现，因此承接上文，引出下文具体的实验和研究结果，符合语境。故选C。 70．空前说“People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. (人们倾向于模仿上级的表情和肢体语言，但有权有势的人不会模仿别人。)”，说明有权有势的人不会模仿别人，空后说“It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. (它有助于触发其他人正在经历的同样的感觉，并提供了一个窗口，了解它们来自哪里。)”，说明了某个事情的好处，而这个事情应该出现在空格处，因此空格处应该会说其实模仿他人是有好处的，E选项“Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense matters. (别人笑的时候笑，别人紧张的时候紧张，这很重要。)”中的“Laughing when others laugh or tensing when others tense”就是模仿，说明模仿别人是有好处的，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. “Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally. Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as teens. Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to others’ needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We’re out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities, he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home. The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack(懈怠的) about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment add up to big ones over time. 71.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Parents today overlook the significance of kids sharing housework, but studies show chores help children develop better in studies, mental health and even future careers. Besides, it enables kids to become responsible and self- reliant. Still, by doing their share of chores, kids grow to be loving, caring and helpful. So it’s important for parents to let children take up housework. 【分析】这是一篇概要写作。 【详解】概要写作 写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了如今的父母忽视了让孩子分担家务的重要性，但研究表明，家务可以帮助孩子在学习、心理健康甚至未来的职业生涯中发展得更好。此外，它使孩子成为负责任和自力更生。尽管如此，通过分担家务，孩子们成长为有爱心、有爱心和乐于助人的人。所以父母让孩子承担家务是很重要的。 2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.聚会上，对为了理想而奋斗的岁月的回忆似乎成为大家的共同话题。(appear) (汉译英) 【答案】At the party, memories of the years of striving for ideals appeared to be a common topic. 【详解】考查名词短语和固定句式。本句描述发生在过去的一般事实，用一般过去时。表示“聚会上”的介词短语为at the party；表示“回忆”的名词为memories，名词复数作主语；表示“为了理想而奋斗的岁月”可用名词短语the years of striving for ideals；表示“的”应用介词of；表示“似乎成为”固定句式appeared to be，谓语动词应用过去式，作谓语；表示“大家的共同话题”应用名词短语a common topic。句首字母大写，故翻译为At the party, memories of the years of striving for ideals appeared to be a common topic。 73.正是因为没有抵制金钱和名誉的诱惑，那位名人违反了法律，最终她不得不为此付出惨重的代价。(price) (汉译英) 【答案】Just because she didn’t resist the temptation of money and fame, the celebrity broke the law and eventually she had to pay a heavy price for it. 【详解】考查原因状语从句和固定短语。“正是因为”可翻译为just because；“抵制……的诱惑”可翻译为resist the temptation of；“违反法律”翻译为break the law；“不得不做某事”翻译为have to do sth.；“付出惨重的代价”翻译为pay a heavy price for sth。因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故翻译为Just because she didn’t resist the temptation of money and fame, the celebrity broke the law and eventually she had to pay a heavy price for it. 74.因双方都志在必得，该场比赛被证明非常艰难。(prove) (汉译英) 【答案】With both sides determined to win, the game proved to be very difficult. 【详解】考查with结构和固定句式。根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。“with+宾语+宾补”结构可表示原因，表示“双方”可用both sides，作介词的宾语，be determined to do表示“决心做某事”，形容词determined作宾补；表示“得”可用win；表示“因双方都志在必得”可用with both sides determined to win；表示“该场比赛”可用the game；表示“被证明”prove to do；表示“被证明非常艰难”应用prove to be very difficult。句首字母大写，故翻译为With both sides determined to win, the game proved to be very difficult. 75.有些青少年热衷于在各大网络平台为喜欢的歌手投票，因此浪费了大量的时间。(enthusiastic) (汉译英) 【答案】Some teenagers are so enthusiastic about voting for their favorite singers on various online platforms that they waste a lot of time. 【详解】考查时态、固定搭配、名词、非谓语动词、形容词。表示“有些”用some，表示“青少年”用teenager，根据“有些青少年”可知，用复数teenagers，some teenagers作主语，some位于句首，首字母大写。表示“热衷于”用固定搭配be enthusiastic about，本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are。表示“为……投票”用固定搭配vote for，用动名词，作about的宾语。表示“喜欢的”用形容词favorite，作前置定语，修饰名词“歌手”。表示“歌手”用singer，结合句意可知，歌手不止一个，应用名词复数形式，their favorite singers作voting for的宾语。表示“网络平台”用online platform，网络平台不止一个，应用名词复数形式。表示“各种各样的”用形容词various，作前置定语，修饰online platform，on various online platforms作地点状语。表示“如此以至于”用固定句型so...that...，so后用形容词enthusiastic，that引导结果状语从句。从句中：表示“他们”用they，作主语；表示“浪费”用waste，作谓语；表示“大量的”用a lot of；表示“时间”用time，a lot of time作waste的宾语。故翻译为Some teenagers are so enthusiastic about voting for their favorite singers on various online platforms that they waste a lot of time. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高一学生李明，在你校英语报读到如下征文启事：从小学至今，每个 人都制定过许多计划，有过许多新学期愿景，其中有些中途放弃了，有些坚持到底了。请你就“坚持还是放弃”这个话题写一篇征文，内容需包括： ●  简单描述你曾经中途放弃或坚持到底的某个计划； ●  阐述你中途放弃或坚持到底的原因以及对你的启示。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The Dilemma of Persistence and Surrender As a freshman at Mingqi High School, I have encountered many forks in the road of my life. Among the numerous plans and aspirations I’ve set for myself, one stands out — my decision to learn the piano. Initially, the thought of mastering this elegant instrument filled me with enthusiasm, but soon, the rigorous practice and complex theory took their toll. I surrendered, overwhelmed by the challenge. Looking back, I realize that my surrender was a result of my lack of resilience. I failed to persevere when faced with difficulties. This experience taught me a valuable lesson: giving up too easily can lead to missed opportunities and unfulfilled dreams. Now, I strive to be more determined, understanding that true growth lies in overcoming obstacles, not avoiding them. Persistence, not surrender, is the key to success. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“坚持还是放弃”这个话题写一篇征文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 遇到：encounter→run into 意识到：realize→be aware of 努力：strive to→struggle to 障碍：obstacle→barrier 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Initially, the thought of mastering this elegant instrument filled me with enthusiasm, but soon, the rigorous practice and complex theory took their toll. 拓展句：Initially, although the thought of mastering this elegant instrument filled me with enthusiasm, soon, the rigorous practice and complex theory took their toll. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Looking back, I realize that my surrender was a result of my lack of resilience. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I failed to persevere when faced with difficulties.(运用了状语从句的省略) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$