Unit 4 The Senses 表语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版2020选择性必修第一册

Unit 4 The Senses 核心语法精练（表语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The question is ______ we can finish the task on time with such limited resources. 2. His dream is ______ he will become a doctor to cure more patients in rural areas. 3. The problem remains ______ the meeting will be held in the classroom or in the meeting hall. 4. What matters most is ______ we should keep a positive attitude when facing difficulties. 5. The reason why he was late is ______ his bike broke down on the way to school. 6. My biggest worry is ______ the exam results will be announced next week. 7. The fact is ______ he has never lied to us before, so we can trust him. 8. The key to success is ______ one can stick to their goals and never give up easily. 9. It seems ______ it will rain heavily this afternoon according to the weather forecast. 10. The doubt is ______ she has enough experience to take on this important project. 11. His suggestion is ______ we should set up a study group to help each other with lessons. 12. The truth is ______ no one can achieve great things without hard work and persistence. 13. The problem is ______ of the two plans is more practical and suitable for our team. 14. What he told me just now is ______ he will go abroad for further study next year. 15. The question remains ______ we can get enough financial support from the company. 16. It looks ______ the team will win the match with their excellent performance. 17. The reason for his failure is ______ he didn’t pay enough attention to the details of the task. 18. My hope is ______ all the students can develop good learning habits during their high school life. 19. The confusion is ______ the teacher referred to this grammar point in the previous class or not. 20. The fact that she didn’t attend the meeting proves ______ she is not interested in this activity at all. 二、句型转换 1. The question is “Will he come to the party?”（改为表语从句） 2. The fact is “He has passed the exam.”（改为表语从句） 3. The problem is “How can we solve this math problem?”（改为表语从句） 4. Her doubt is “Is this plan practical?”（改为表语从句） 5. The key is “When should we start the project?”（改为表语从句） 6. My idea is “We should finish the work before Friday.”（改为表语从句） 7. The news is “Our team has won the game.”（改为表语从句） 8. The question is “Who will be in charge of the meeting?”（改为表语从句） 9. His worry is “Whether he can catch the early bus.”（改为直接引语式简单句，再改回表语从句验证） 10. The truth is “Why did she refuse the invitation?”（改为表语从句） 11. The problem is “Where can we find the missing document?”（改为表语从句） 12. My suggestion is “You should ask the teacher for help.”（改为表语从句） 13. The fact is “He didn’t tell us the truth.”（改为表语从句） 14. The question is “Can we finish the task on time?”（改为表语从句） 15. The news is “The plane will take off in half an hour.”（改为表语从句） 16. The key is “What should we pay attention to in the exam?”（改为表语从句） 17. Her hope is “She can study abroad next year.”（改为表语从句） 18. The doubt is “Whether the new policy will work.”（改为直接引语式简单句，再改回表语从句验证） 19. The problem is “How long will it take to complete the task?”（改为表语从句） 20. The fact is “They have already arrived at the destination.”（改为表语从句） 三、翻译句子 1. The question is whether we can finish the task on time. 2. My biggest worry is that I might fail the final exam. 3. This is why he was late for the meeting this morning. 4. The reason for his absence is that he was ill in bed. 5. What matters most is that we should keep a positive attitude. 6. The problem is how we can improve our English listening skills quickly. 7. It seems that she has known the truth about the accident. 8. His dream is that he will become a famous scientist in the future. 9. The key is whether we have enough money to support this project. 10. That is what I want to tell you today. 11. It looks as if it is going to rain this afternoon. 12. The fact is that he has never been to Beijing before. 13. My suggestion is that we should start preparing for the competition now. 14. The trouble is that we don’t have enough time to practice. 15. What he said is that he would help us with the work. 16. The result is that our team won the first prize in the match. 17. It remains unknown when the new library will be open to the public. 18. Her hope is that her daughter can enter a good university. 19. The problem is why the machine stopped working suddenly. 20. What makes me happy is that my parents are proud of me. 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading They're often green, they can be crunchy, soft, cooked or raw and food experts insist they're highly beneficial 1.______ your health. What are they? Vegetables. If you're not entirely convinced by 2.______ they say, don't worry. There's a good reason for this: according to scientists, young people's taste buds, the small points on your tongue that detect the taste of food, are not ready 3.______ the bitter taste of some vegetables. Our taste buds develop as we get older, 4.______ (mean) that we might view cabbage or onions more favourably, but until then young people's mouths prefer sweet food. In fact, it's not just young people that like sweet - tasting food. Most of us do — just like our prehistoric ancestors. They ate a lot of sweet, ripe fruit because it was widely available and easy 5.______ (notice) on trees, and it was a good source of energy. They also realized that they had to be exceptionally careful with plants that had a bitter taste, since they were often poisonous. So, apart from bitter and sweet, what other tastes can we detect? You might be surprised 6.______ (learn) that our taste buds can only distinguish three more: salty, sour and umami. When we reach our early teens, we start to prefer sour things to sweet things. However, recent studies have shown that girls and boys experience taste in different ways. Girls have more sensitive taste buds and can differentiate flavours more easily, especially sweet and sour, 7.______ boys prefer stronger, more extreme flavours. For everyone, though, food has to be wet for it to be tasty. When we smell food, our mouths produce saliva and when we eat it, the saliva transports its taste to our taste buds. Without saliva, some food would have no taste at all. If you dry your tongue and then put some food on it, you'll find it fairly tasteless. Fortunately, our mouths produce enough saliva every year 8.______ (fill) a bath, so it's unlikely this will ever happen! We don't just taste with our mouths, we also use our noses. Our nose can detect 10,000 different smells and when food is cooked, it produces aromas that make us hungry. When we put food in our mouths, our taste buds and noses work together 9.______ (decide) what flavour the food has. Have you ever noticed that food which has been cooked doesn't taste as good when it goes cold? When the cooking smells disappear, so does some of the taste. You can do a simple experiment to test this. Close your eyes and pinch your nose between your fingers. Then ask someone to put a small piece of food in your mouth and try to identify it. Without any smell to help you, it's somewhat difficult! Finally, the texture of food on our tongue is also important in our perception of its taste. Some people consider thick or creamy foods extremely unpleasant, however it tastes. This is because our brain perceives the look or feel of something and sends a message to our tongue 10.______ (tell) it not to like that food. So, if you really don't have any appetite for those vegetables on your plate, you can now claim that there is a good reason for it! 2. Extended reading Our senses are amazing. They help us 1.______ (experience) the world around us in many different ways. Sight, for example, allows us 2.______ (see) the beauty of a sunset, the colours of a rainbow and the expressions on people's faces. Without sight, we would miss out on so many wonderful things. The sense of hearing is equally important. It enables us 3.______ (hear) the sweet melodies of music, the laughter of friends and the sounds of nature like birds singing or waves crashing. It also helps us communicate with others. Just think about how difficult it would be 4.______ (carry) on a conversation if we couldn't hear each other. Smell can bring back memories in a powerful way. The smell of freshly baked bread might remind you of your childhood home, and the scent of flowers can create a pleasant and relaxing atmosphere. Our sense of smell also plays a role in 5.______ (detect) danger, such as the smell of smoke indicating a fire. Touch is another sense that enriches our lives. We can feel the softness of a kitten's fur, the warmth of the sun on our skin and the roughness of a stone. Through touch, we can also express emotions like love and comfort, for instance, 6.______ (give) a hug to a friend. Taste allows us to enjoy the delicious flavours of different foods. Whether it's the sweetness of chocolate, the saltiness of potato chips or the spiciness of a curry, taste adds pleasure to our eating experiences. However, sometimes our senses can be fooled. Optical illusions can make us see things that aren't really there or misinterpret what we're looking at. Our ears might mishear a word in a noisy environment, and our sense of taste can be affected by a cold, making food seem less flavorful. 题型二 语篇语法填空 A (23-24高二下·福建福州·期末)The special national flag unfurled from June 3 to 4 by the lander of the Chang’e 6 lunar probe has caught the attention of people around the world. It is the first time that flag of any country 51 (raise) on the far side of the moon. Remarkably, the flag is made of basalt fibers(玄武岩纤维), which is excellent at thermal insulation(隔热) and radiation resistance so that it can withstand the harsh lunar environment. According to Xu, the Chang’e 6 flag is the same size as the one 52 (display) during the Chang’e 5 mission. It measures 30 centimeters 53 20 centimeters, about 54 size of a sheet of A4 paper. The density of the basalt fibers used in the Chang’e 6 flag is nearly twice 55 of the Chang’e 5 flag, which suggests that the basalt fiber flag should be heavier. However, Xu’s team developed super - thin basalt fibers, which are only one-third the 56 (wide) of human hair. This made the Chang’e 6 flag weigh only 11.3 grams, which is 0.5 grams lighter than the Chang’e 5 flag. Lightweight and flexible, basalt fiber will be 57 (increasing) used in the aerospace sector for applications such as spacesuits, spacecraft, and lunar bases, said Xu. His team is also investigating the use of basalt fibers 58 (create) clothes and bags that can withstand high temperatures and prevent fires. Typical firefighting suits made of materials burn at high temperatures of 550℃. 59 , basalt fiber clothes can handle up to 1,600℃. “So it can be used for a short time at a high temperature of 1,200℃, 60 for a long time at 800℃,” said Cao Genyang, a professor on Xu’s team. B (23-24高二下·安徽·期末)China launched its lunar exploration program in 2004. A new and improved atlas(地图集) of the moon’s surface 41 (publish) in China on Sunday, based 42 (primary) on data obtained from Chinese lunar missions. The Geologic Atlas of the Lunar Globe is the first major update on such moon data since NASA’s Apollo program in 43 1960s and 1970s. Twelve years in the making, the new maps are at a 1: 2. 5 million scale, offering significantly more 44 (detail) information than the previous scale of 1: 5 million. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) atlas also provides up-to-date scientific references for future lunar research and exploration, 45 (help) with the missions like landing zone site selection, resource exploration and lunar station planning. Chief editor Ouyang Ziyuan, a major figure in China’s space program, said that the atlas was of great importance for studying the evolution of the moon 46 could also help scientists better understand the Earth and other 47 (planet). Ouyang began the mapping project in 2012 with fellow geologist Liu Jianzhong, 48 is the atlas’ executive editor. Liu described the work 49 a representative of China’s contribution to the study of the origin and evolution of the moon and the solar system. According to the CAS, the atlas’ information has already been integrated into a digital lunar cloud platform 50 (build) by Chinese scientists. C (23-24高二下·江西吉安·期末)For more than 20 years Chen Xinbing and his wife Wang Meirong 31 (work) as forest guards deep in the mountains near Shiqiao Township, Shandong Province. Their work at the State-owned Cave Forest Farm began after both graduated from school in 32 1990s. Their shared duty of protecting the forest brought 33 (they) together, and they were married in 2001. However, due to a manpower 34 (short) in the forest and the huge responsibility of protecting it, Chen lives in an observation tower 35 (sit) on a mountain 600 meters above sea level. He is in charge of monitoring 36 ensuring the safety of over 530 hectares of state-owned forest, as well as forests located near 12 surrounding villages. Wang, meanwhile, maintains the forest station 37 the foot of the mountain. Due to the distance between them and their varying responsibilities, they only see each other 38 (brief) about every 10 days when Chen comes down the mountain 39 (refill) supplies. During the fire season, they can go for up to two months at a time without seeing each other. For the past 22 years, the forest has not experienced a single fire or any other safety risk, 40 has earned them the title “Outstanding Forest Guards” several times. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Senses 核心语法精练（表语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The question is ______ we can finish the task on time with such limited resources. 2. His dream is ______ he will become a doctor to cure more patients in rural areas. 3. The problem remains ______ the meeting will be held in the classroom or in the meeting hall. 4. What matters most is ______ we should keep a positive attitude when facing difficulties. 5. The reason why he was late is ______ his bike broke down on the way to school. 6. My biggest worry is ______ the exam results will be announced next week. 7. The fact is ______ he has never lied to us before, so we can trust him. 8. The key to success is ______ one can stick to their goals and never give up easily. 9. It seems ______ it will rain heavily this afternoon according to the weather forecast. 10. The doubt is ______ she has enough experience to take on this important project. 11. His suggestion is ______ we should set up a study group to help each other with lessons. 12. The truth is ______ no one can achieve great things without hard work and persistence. 13. The problem is ______ of the two plans is more practical and suitable for our team. 14. What he told me just now is ______ he will go abroad for further study next year. 15. The question remains ______ we can get enough financial support from the company. 16. It looks ______ the team will win the match with their excellent performance. 17. The reason for his failure is ______ he didn’t pay enough attention to the details of the task. 18. My hope is ______ all the students can develop good learning habits during their high school life. 19. The confusion is ______ the teacher referred to this grammar point in the previous class or not. 20. The fact that she didn’t attend the meeting proves ______ she is not interested in this activity at all. 答案： 1. whether 解析：表语从句中，“是否”含义且位于be动词后，不能用if，需用whether，句意为“问题是我们能否用如此有限的资源按时完成任务”。 2. that 解析：表语从句句意完整、成分齐全，无实际含义，用that引导（可省略，但正式语境建议保留），句意为“他的梦想是成为一名医生，治愈更多农村地区的患者”。 3. whether 解析：表语从句含“or”，表“选择型是否”，只能用whether引导，句意为“问题仍未确定，会议将在教室还是会议厅举行”。 4. that 解析：表语从句结构完整、语义明确，无疑问含义，用that引导，句意为“最重要的是面对困难时我们应保持积极的态度”。 5. that 解析：固定句型“The reason why...is that...”，表语从句无疑问含义，需用that引导（不可省略），句意为“他迟到的原因是上学路上自行车坏了”。 6. when 解析：表语从句缺“时间”状语，结合句意“我最大的担心是考试成绩下周何时公布”，用when引导，指代“公布成绩的时间”。 7. that 解析：表语从句陈述客观事实，成分完整、无疑问，用that引导，句意为“事实是他以前从未对我们撒过谎，所以我们可以信任他”。 8. that 解析：表语从句句意完整（“一个人能坚持目标且不轻易放弃”），无实际含义，用that引导，句意为“成功的关键是一个人能坚持目标且不轻易放弃”。 9. that 解析：固定句型“It seems that...”，表语从句无疑问，用that引导（可省略），句意为“根据天气预报，今天下午似乎会下大雨”。 10. whether 解析：表语从句含“是否”含义，位于be动词后，用whether引导，句意为“疑问是她是否有足够的经验承担这个重要项目”。 11. that 解析：表语从句为建议内容，句意完整、无疑问，用that引导，句意为“他的建议是我们应成立学习小组，互相帮助补习功课”。 12. that 解析：表语从句陈述客观真理，成分齐全，用that引导，句意为“真理是没有人能不通过努力和坚持就取得伟大成就”。 13. which 解析：表语从句缺“哪一个”定语，结合“of the two plans”（两个计划中），用which引导，句意为“问题是两个计划中哪一个更实用、更适合我们团队”。 14. that 解析：表语从句陈述具体信息（“明年出国深造”），句意完整，用that引导，句意为“他刚才告诉我，他明年会出国深造”。 15. whether 解析：表语从句含“是否”含义，位于remain后（remain后接表语从句表“仍未确定”，常用whether），句意为“问题仍未确定，我们能否从公司获得足够的资金支持”。 16. that 解析：固定句型“It looks that...”，表语从句无疑问，用that引导（可省略），句意为“从他们出色的表现来看，这个团队似乎会赢得比赛”。 17. that 解析：符合“The reason for...is that...”固定句型，表语从句无疑问，用that引导，句意为“他失败的原因是他没有足够重视任务的细节”。 18. that 解析：表语从句表达希望的内容，句意完整、无疑问，用that引导，句意为“我的希望是所有学生都能在高中生活中养成良好的学习习惯”。 19. whether 解析：表语从句含“or not”，表“是否”，只能用whether引导（if不能与or not直接连用），句意为“困惑的是老师在上节课是否提到过这个语法点”。 20. that 解析：表语从句陈述“她不感兴趣”这一事实，成分完整、无疑问，用that引导，句意为“她没参加会议这一事实，证明她对这个活动根本不感兴趣”。 二、句型转换 1. The question is “Will he come to the party?”（改为表语从句） 2. The fact is “He has passed the exam.”（改为表语从句） 3. The problem is “How can we solve this math problem?”（改为表语从句） 4. Her doubt is “Is this plan practical?”（改为表语从句） 5. The key is “When should we start the project?”（改为表语从句） 6. My idea is “We should finish the work before Friday.”（改为表语从句） 7. The news is “Our team has won the game.”（改为表语从句） 8. The question is “Who will be in charge of the meeting?”（改为表语从句） 9. His worry is “Whether he can catch the early bus.”（改为直接引语式简单句，再改回表语从句验证） 10. The truth is “Why did she refuse the invitation?”（改为表语从句） 11. The problem is “Where can we find the missing document?”（改为表语从句） 12. My suggestion is “You should ask the teacher for help.”（改为表语从句） 13. The fact is “He didn’t tell us the truth.”（改为表语从句） 14. The question is “Can we finish the task on time?”（改为表语从句） 15. The news is “The plane will take off in half an hour.”（改为表语从句） 16. The key is “What should we pay attention to in the exam?”（改为表语从句） 17. Her hope is “She can study abroad next year.”（改为表语从句） 18. The doubt is “Whether the new policy will work.”（改为直接引语式简单句，再改回表语从句验证） 19. The problem is “How long will it take to complete the task?”（改为表语从句） 20. The fact is “They have already arrived at the destination.”（改为表语从句） 答案： 1. 答案：The question is whether he will come to the party. 解析：直接引语为一般疑问句，改为表语从句时用whether引导（不用if，表语从句中一般疑问句引导词优先用whether），从句语序改为陈述语序（will he→he will）。 2. 答案：The fact is that he has passed the exam. 解析：直接引语为陈述句，改为表语从句时用that引导（that无实际含义，可省略，但此处保留更清晰），从句语序不变（陈述语序）。 3. 答案：The problem is how we can solve this math problem. 解析：直接引语为特殊疑问句，改为表语从句时用原疑问词how引导，从句语序改为陈述语序（can we→we can）。 4. 答案：Her doubt is whether this plan is practical. 解析：直接引语为一般疑问句，表语从句用whether引导，从句语序改为陈述语序（Is this→this is），“doubt”后接表语从句，一般疑问句含义用whether引导。 5. 答案：The key is when we should start the project. 解析：直接引语为特殊疑问句，用原疑问词when引导表语从句，从句语序改为陈述语序（should we→we should）。 6. 答案：My idea is that we should finish the work before Friday. 解析：直接引语为陈述句，用that引导表语从句，陈述语序不变，“idea/suggestion”等表观点的名词后接表语从句，常用that引导。 7. 答案：The news is that our team has won the game. 解析：直接引语为陈述句，用that引导表语从句，从句陈述语序不变，“news”后接表语从句，that可省略，此处保留增强句子结构清晰度。 8. 答案：The question is who will be in charge of the meeting. 解析：直接引语为特殊疑问句，用原疑问词who引导表语从句，从句本身为陈述语序（who作主语，will be无需调整），无需额外变语序。 9. 答案：简单句：Her doubt is “Can he catch the early bus?”；表语从句：Her doubt is whether he can catch the early bus. 解析：先将表语从句还原为一般疑问句直接引语，再转换时用whether引导，从句改陈述语序（Can he→he can），注意“doubt”后不接if引导的表语从句。 10. 答案：The truth is why she refused the invitation. 解析：直接引语为特殊疑问句，用原疑问词why引导表语从句，从句语序改为陈述语序（did she→she），时态与原句一致（一般过去时）。 11. 答案：The problem is where we can find the missing document. 解析：直接引语为特殊疑问句，用原疑问词where引导表语从句，从句语序改为陈述语序（can we→we can），保持时态一致（一般现在时）。 12. 答案：My suggestion is that you should ask the teacher for help. 解析：直接引语为陈述句，用that引导表语从句，陈述语序不变，“suggestion”后接表语从句，that不可省略（表建议的名词后接从句，that常保留）。 13. 答案：The fact is that he didn’t tell us the truth. 解析：直接引语为陈述句，用that引导表语从句，从句陈述语序不变，时态与原句一致（一般过去时），“fact”后接表语从句，that起连接作用，无实际意义。 14. 答案：The question is whether we can finish the task on time. 解析：直接引语为一般疑问句，表语从句用whether引导，从句语序改为陈述语序（Can we→we can），“question”后接一般疑问句含义的表语从句，优先用whether。 15. 答案：The news is that the plane will take off in half an hour. 解析：直接引语为陈述句，用that引导表语从句，从句陈述语序不变，时态与原句一致（一般将来时），“news”后接表语从句，that可省略，此处保留更规范。 16. 答案：The key is what we should pay attention to in the exam. 解析：直接引语为特殊疑问句，用原疑问词what引导表语从句，从句语序改为陈述语序（should we→we should），what在从句中作“pay attention to”的宾语，不可遗漏介词to。 17. 答案：Her hope is that she can study abroad next year. 解析：直接引语为陈述句，用that引导表语从句，从句陈述语序不变，时态与原句一致（一般现在时表将来），“hope”后接表语从句，that可省略，保留不影响语义。 18. 答案：简单句：Her doubt is “Will the new policy work?”；表语从句：Her doubt is whether the new policy will work. 解析：先还原为一般疑问句直接引语，转换表语从句时用whether引导，从句改陈述语序（Will the→the new policy will），避免用if引导表语从句。 19. 答案：The problem is how long it will take to complete the task. 解析：直接引语为特殊疑问句，用原疑问词how long引导表语从句，从句语序改为陈述语序（will it→it will），how long在从句中作时间状语，保持句子逻辑完整。 20. 答案：The fact is that they have already arrived at the destination. 解析：直接引语为陈述句，用that引导表语从句，从句陈述语序不变，时态与原句一致（现在完成时），“fact”后接表语从句，that起连接作用，无实际含义，可省略但保留更清晰。 三、翻译句子 1. The question is whether we can finish the task on time. 2. My biggest worry is that I might fail the final exam. 3. This is why he was late for the meeting this morning. 4. The reason for his absence is that he was ill in bed. 5. What matters most is that we should keep a positive attitude. 6. The problem is how we can improve our English listening skills quickly. 7. It seems that she has known the truth about the accident. 8. His dream is that he will become a famous scientist in the future. 9. The key is whether we have enough money to support this project. 10. That is what I want to tell you today. 11. It looks as if it is going to rain this afternoon. 12. The fact is that he has never been to Beijing before. 13. My suggestion is that we should start preparing for the competition now. 14. The trouble is that we don’t have enough time to practice. 15. What he said is that he would help us with the work. 16. The result is that our team won the first prize in the match. 17. It remains unknown when the new library will be open to the public. 18. Her hope is that her daughter can enter a good university. 19. The problem is why the machine stopped working suddenly. 20. What makes me happy is that my parents are proud of me. 答案： 1. 译文：问题是我们能否按时完成这项任务。 解析：表语从句由“whether”引导，“whether”在从句中表“是否”，可与“or not”连用，此处省略，从句用陈述语序。 2. 译文：我最大的担忧是我可能会期末考试不及格。 解析：表语从句由“that”引导，“that”无实际含义，仅起连接作用，可省略，从句陈述事实性担忧。 3. 译文：这就是他今天早上开会迟到的原因。 解析：表语从句由“why”引导，“why”在从句中作原因状语，对应前文的“this”，解释具体原因。 4. 译文：他缺席的原因是他卧病在床。 解析：固定句型“The reason...is that...”，表语从句需用“that”引导，不可用“why”，“that”无含义，仅连接从句。 5. 译文：最重要的是我们应该保持积极的态度。 解析：主语是主语从句“What matters most”，表语从句由“that”引导，从句含建议含义，“should”可保留，也可省略。 6. 译文：问题是我们如何能快速提高英语听力能力。 解析：表语从句由“how”引导，“how”在从句中作方式状语，询问具体的方法，从句用陈述语序。 7. 译文：似乎她已经知道了事故的真相。 解析：固定句型“It seems that...”，“it”是形式主语，真正的表语是后面的“that”从句，“that”可省略，从句用现在完成时表动作已完成。 8. 译文：他的梦想是将来成为一名著名的科学家。 解析：表语从句由“that”引导，从句陈述未来的梦想，用一般将来时，“that”无实际含义，可省略。 9. 译文：关键是我们是否有足够的钱支持这个项目。 解析：表语从句由“whether”引导，“whether”表“是否”，不可用“if”替换（表语从句中“if”不表“是否”），从句用陈述语序。 10. 译文：那就是我今天想告诉你的事。 解析：表语从句由“what”引导，“what”在从句中作“tell”的宾语，指代“想告诉的内容”，从句用陈述语序。 11. 译文：看起来今天下午好像要下雨了。 解析：固定句型“It looks as if...”，“it”是形式主语，表语从句由“as if”引导，表“似乎、好像”，从句用一般将来时表即将发生的动作。 12. 译文：事实是他以前从未去过北京。 解析：表语从句由“that”引导，“that”连接主句与从句，无含义，从句用现在完成时表“从过去到现在从未去过”的状态。 13. 译文：我的建议是我们现在就开始为比赛做准备。 解析：表语从句含建议含义，由“that”引导，从句中“should”表建议，可保留，也可省略，从句用陈述语序。 14. 译文：麻烦的是我们没有足够的时间练习。 解析：表语从句由“that”引导，“that”仅起连接作用，无实际含义，可省略，从句陈述客观存在的问题。 15. 译文：他所说的话是他会帮我们做这项工作。 解析：主语是主语从句“What he said”，表语从句由“that”引导，从句用过去将来时，呼应主句的一般过去时（said），时态一致。 16. 译文：结果是我们队在比赛中赢得了一等奖。 解析：表语从句由“that”引导，“that”无含义，仅连接，从句用一般过去时，与主句“is”的时态不冲突（结果是客观事实，主句用一般现在时）。 17. 译文：新图书馆何时对公众开放仍未知。 解析：固定句型“It remains unknown that/when...”，“it”是形式主语，表语从句由“when”引导，“when”在从句中作时间状语，从句用陈述语序。 18. 译文：她的希望是她的女儿能考上一所好大学。 解析：表语从句由“that”引导，“that”无实际含义，可省略，从句用情态动词“can”表“能够”，陈述未来的希望。 19. 译文：问题是这台机器为什么突然停止工作了。 解析：表语从句由“why”引导，“why”在从句中作原因状语，询问机器停止工作的原因，从句用一般过去时表过去发生的动作。 20. 译文：让我开心的事是我的父母为我感到骄傲。 解析：主语是主语从句“What makes me happy”，“what”在主语从句中作主语，表语从句由“that”引导，“that”无含义，仅连接，从句用一般现在时表当前状态。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading They're often green, they can be crunchy, soft, cooked or raw and food experts insist they're highly beneficial 1.______ your health. What are they? Vegetables. If you're not entirely convinced by 2.______ they say, don't worry. There's a good reason for this: according to scientists, young people's taste buds, the small points on your tongue that detect the taste of food, are not ready 3.______ the bitter taste of some vegetables. Our taste buds develop as we get older, 4.______ (mean) that we might view cabbage or onions more favourably, but until then young people's mouths prefer sweet food. In fact, it's not just young people that like sweet - tasting food. Most of us do — just like our prehistoric ancestors. They ate a lot of sweet, ripe fruit because it was widely available and easy 5.______ (notice) on trees, and it was a good source of energy. They also realized that they had to be exceptionally careful with plants that had a bitter taste, since they were often poisonous. So, apart from bitter and sweet, what other tastes can we detect? You might be surprised 6.______ (learn) that our taste buds can only distinguish three more: salty, sour and umami. When we reach our early teens, we start to prefer sour things to sweet things. However, recent studies have shown that girls and boys experience taste in different ways. Girls have more sensitive taste buds and can differentiate flavours more easily, especially sweet and sour, 7.______ boys prefer stronger, more extreme flavours. For everyone, though, food has to be wet for it to be tasty. When we smell food, our mouths produce saliva and when we eat it, the saliva transports its taste to our taste buds. Without saliva, some food would have no taste at all. If you dry your tongue and then put some food on it, you'll find it fairly tasteless. Fortunately, our mouths produce enough saliva every year 8.______ (fill) a bath, so it's unlikely this will ever happen! We don't just taste with our mouths, we also use our noses. Our nose can detect 10,000 different smells and when food is cooked, it produces aromas that make us hungry. When we put food in our mouths, our taste buds and noses work together 9.______ (decide) what flavour the food has. Have you ever noticed that food which has been cooked doesn't taste as good when it goes cold? When the cooking smells disappear, so does some of the taste. You can do a simple experiment to test this. Close your eyes and pinch your nose between your fingers. Then ask someone to put a small piece of food in your mouth and try to identify it. Without any smell to help you, it's somewhat difficult! Finally, the texture of food on our tongue is also important in our perception of its taste. Some people consider thick or creamy foods extremely unpleasant, however it tastes. This is because our brain perceives the look or feel of something and sends a message to our tongue 10.______ (tell) it not to like that food. So, if you really don't have any appetite for those vegetables on your plate, you can now claim that there is a good reason for it! 答案： 1. to 2. what 3. for 4. meaning 5. to notice 6. to learn 7. while 8. to fill 9. to decide 10. telling 2. Extended reading Our senses are amazing. They help us 1.______ (experience) the world around us in many different ways. Sight, for example, allows us 2.______ (see) the beauty of a sunset, the colours of a rainbow and the expressions on people's faces. Without sight, we would miss out on so many wonderful things. The sense of hearing is equally important. It enables us 3.______ (hear) the sweet melodies of music, the laughter of friends and the sounds of nature like birds singing or waves crashing. It also helps us communicate with others. Just think about how difficult it would be 4.______ (carry) on a conversation if we couldn't hear each other. Smell can bring back memories in a powerful way. The smell of freshly baked bread might remind you of your childhood home, and the scent of flowers can create a pleasant and relaxing atmosphere. Our sense of smell also plays a role in 5.______ (detect) danger, such as the smell of smoke indicating a fire. Touch is another sense that enriches our lives. We can feel the softness of a kitten's fur, the warmth of the sun on our skin and the roughness of a stone. Through touch, we can also express emotions like love and comfort, for instance, 6.______ (give) a hug to a friend. Taste allows us to enjoy the delicious flavours of different foods. Whether it's the sweetness of chocolate, the saltiness of potato chips or the spiciness of a curry, taste adds pleasure to our eating experiences. However, sometimes our senses can be fooled. Optical illusions can make us see things that aren't really there or misinterpret what we're looking at. Our ears might mishear a word in a noisy environment, and our sense of taste can be affected by a cold, making food seem less flavorful. 答案： 1. (to) experience 2. to see 3. to hear 4. to carry 5. detecting 6. giving 题型二 语篇语法填空 A (23-24高二下·福建福州·期末)The special national flag unfurled from June 3 to 4 by the lander of the Chang’e 6 lunar probe has caught the attention of people around the world. It is the first time that flag of any country 51 (raise) on the far side of the moon. Remarkably, the flag is made of basalt fibers(玄武岩纤维), which is excellent at thermal insulation(隔热) and radiation resistance so that it can withstand the harsh lunar environment. According to Xu, the Chang’e 6 flag is the same size as the one 52 (display) during the Chang’e 5 mission. It measures 30 centimeters 53 20 centimeters, about 54 size of a sheet of A4 paper. The density of the basalt fibers used in the Chang’e 6 flag is nearly twice 55 of the Chang’e 5 flag, which suggests that the basalt fiber flag should be heavier. However, Xu’s team developed super - thin basalt fibers, which are only one-third the 56 (wide) of human hair. This made the Chang’e 6 flag weigh only 11.3 grams, which is 0.5 grams lighter than the Chang’e 5 flag. Lightweight and flexible, basalt fiber will be 57 (increasing) used in the aerospace sector for applications such as spacesuits, spacecraft, and lunar bases, said Xu. His team is also investigating the use of basalt fibers 58 (create) clothes and bags that can withstand high temperatures and prevent fires. Typical firefighting suits made of materials burn at high temperatures of 550℃. 59 , basalt fiber clothes can handle up to 1,600℃. “So it can be used for a short time at a high temperature of 1,200℃, 60 for a long time at 800℃,” said Cao Genyang, a professor on Xu’s team. 【答案】 51. has been raised 52. displayed 53. by 54. the 55. that 56. width 57. increasingly 58. to create 59. However 60. and/or 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了6月3日至4日，嫦娥六号月球探测器在月球上展开的特殊国旗引起了全世界人民的关注。 51. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这是第一次有国家的国旗在月球背面升起。设空处为谓语，It is the first time that后从句的时态用现在完成时，主语flag of any country和谓语动词raise之间是被动关系，主语flag of any country单数，谓语单数形式，故填has been raised。 52. 考查过去分词。句意：据徐介绍，嫦娥六号的旗帜与嫦娥五号任务时展示的旗帜大小相同。display为非谓语动词，the one指代“旗帜”，display和the one是逻辑被动关系，display用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填displayed。 53. 考查介词。句意：它的尺寸为30厘米乘20厘米，大约是一张A4纸的大小。根据下文“about 　　4　　 size of a sheet of A4 paper”可知它的尺寸应该是30厘米乘20厘米，用介词by表示乘以，故填by。 54. 考查冠词。句意：同上。根据下文的“of a sheet of A4 paper”可知特指A4那个尺寸，应用定冠词the，故填the。 55. 考查代词。句意：嫦娥六号旗所用玄武岩纤维的密度几乎是嫦娥五号旗的两倍，这表明玄武岩纤维旗应该更重。设空处代替上文的density，不可数名词，代指不可数名词应用that，故填that。 56. 考查名词。句意：然而，徐的团队开发了超薄的玄武岩纤维，其宽度只有人类头发的三分之一。设空处前有the修饰，应用名词，表示“宽度”，故填width。 57. 考查副词。句意：徐说，玄武岩纤维重量轻、柔韧，将越来越多地用于航天服、航天器和月球基地等航空航天领域。设空处修饰谓语动词be used，应用副词increasingly作状语，故填increasingly。 58. 考查不定式。句意：他的团队也在研究使用玄武岩纤维来制造能承受高温和防火的衣服和袋子。设空处作目的状语，create应用不定式形式，故填to create。 59. 考查副词。句意：然而，玄武岩纤维的衣服可以承受高达1600℃的高温。设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，表示“然而”并且有逗号隔开，应用however，句首单词首字母大写，故填However。 60. 考查连词。句意：“因此，它可以在1200℃的高温下短时间使用，也/或者可以在800℃的高温下长时间使用，”徐教授团队的曹根阳教授说。根据上文“for a short time at a high temperature of 1,200℃和for a long time at 800℃”可知上下文之间是并列或者选择的关系，可以用连词and和or连接，故填and/or。 B (23-24高二下·安徽·期末)China launched its lunar exploration program in 2004. A new and improved atlas(地图集) of the moon’s surface 41 (publish) in China on Sunday, based 42 (primary) on data obtained from Chinese lunar missions. The Geologic Atlas of the Lunar Globe is the first major update on such moon data since NASA’s Apollo program in 43 1960s and 1970s. Twelve years in the making, the new maps are at a 1: 2. 5 million scale, offering significantly more 44 (detail) information than the previous scale of 1: 5 million. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) atlas also provides up-to-date scientific references for future lunar research and exploration, 45 (help) with the missions like landing zone site selection, resource exploration and lunar station planning. Chief editor Ouyang Ziyuan, a major figure in China’s space program, said that the atlas was of great importance for studying the evolution of the moon 46 could also help scientists better understand the Earth and other 47 (planet). Ouyang began the mapping project in 2012 with fellow geologist Liu Jianzhong, 48 is the atlas’ executive editor. Liu described the work 49 a representative of China’s contribution to the study of the origin and evolution of the moon and the solar system. According to the CAS, the atlas’ information has already been integrated into a digital lunar cloud platform 50 (build) by Chinese scientists. 【答案】 41. was published 42. primarily 43. the 44. detailed 45. helping 46. and 47. planets 48. who 49. as 50. built 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国发布的关于月球表面的新地图集，包括其基于的数据来源、相较于以往地图集的改进之处、对中国及国际月球研究和探索的意义，以及该地图集数字化的进展等情况。 41. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：基于中国月球任务获取的主要是数据，一幅新的、改进的月球表面地图集周日在中国发布。本句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，且主语A new and improved atlas (地图集) of the moon’s surface与动词publish“出版，公布”之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was published。 42. 考查副词。句意：同上。本空用副词primarily“主要地”，修饰based on，作状语。故填primarily。 43. 考查定冠词。句意：这是自20世纪60年代和70年代美国宇航局阿波罗计划以来，关于月球数据的首次重大更新。特指20世纪60年代和70年代，应用定冠词the。故填the。 44. 考查形容词。句意：经过十二年的制作，新地图的比例尺为1:250万，比之前的1:500万比例尺提供了更详细的信息。本空应填detail的形容词形式detailed“详细的”，作前置定语，修饰名词information。故填detailed。 45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科学院的这份地图集还为未来的月球研究和探索提供了最新的科学参考，有助于着陆区选址、资源勘探和月球站规划等任务。本句谓语为provides，此处为非谓语动词，上文陈述内容与动词help之间为逻辑上的主动关系，用help的现在分词helping表主动。故填helping。 46. 考查连词。句意：中国太空计划的主要人物、总编辑欧阳自远表示，该图集对于研究月球的演化非常重要，而且还可以帮助科学家更好地了解地球和其他行星。“was of great importance for studying the evolution of the moon”与“could also help scientists better understand the Earth and other 7 (planet).”为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 47. 考查名词的数。句意：同上。planet“行星”为可数名词，因为地球以外还有多个其他行星，本空用planet的复数形式planets，与earth并列作understand宾语。故填planets。 48. 考查定语从句。句意：欧阳在2012年与地质学家刘建中一起开始了这个测绘项目，刘是该图集的执行编辑。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Liu Jianzhong，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 49. 考查介词。句意：刘将这项工作描述为中国对月球及太阳系起源和演化研究贡献的一个代表。本空用介词as，构成describe...as...结构，意为“将……描述为……”，本空填介词as。故填as。 50. 考查非谓语动词。句意：据中科院介绍，该地图集的信息已经被整合进由中国科学家构建的数字月球云平台中。本句谓语为has already been integrated into，此处为非谓语动词，且a digital lunar cloud platform与build“建设”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填built。 C (23-24高二下·江西吉安·期末)For more than 20 years Chen Xinbing and his wife Wang Meirong 31 (work) as forest guards deep in the mountains near Shiqiao Township, Shandong Province. Their work at the State-owned Cave Forest Farm began after both graduated from school in 32 1990s. Their shared duty of protecting the forest brought 33 (they) together, and they were married in 2001. However, due to a manpower 34 (short) in the forest and the huge responsibility of protecting it, Chen lives in an observation tower 35 (sit) on a mountain 600 meters above sea level. He is in charge of monitoring 36 ensuring the safety of over 530 hectares of state-owned forest, as well as forests located near 12 surrounding villages. Wang, meanwhile, maintains the forest station 37 the foot of the mountain. Due to the distance between them and their varying responsibilities, they only see each other 38 (brief) about every 10 days when Chen comes down the mountain 39 (refill) supplies. During the fire season, they can go for up to two months at a time without seeing each other. For the past 22 years, the forest has not experienced a single fire or any other safety risk, 40 has earned them the title “Outstanding Forest Guards” several times. 【答案】 31. have worked/have been working 32. the 33. them 34. shortage 35. sitting 36. and 37. at 38. briefly 39. to refill 40. which 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了陈新兵和王美蓉夫妇二十多年来，不辞劳苦地保护着国有森林的事迹。 31. 考查动词的时态与主谓一致。句意：20多年来，陈新兵和妻子王美蓉一直在山东石桥乡附近的深山里当护林员。分析句子结构可知，空处应填谓语动词。根据空前的“for more than 20 years ”可知，空处应用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语 Chen Xinbing and his wife Wang Meirong 与work为主动关系，且主语为复数。故填 have worked或者have been working。 32. 考查冠词。句意：他们在国有织女洞林场的工作始于20世纪90年代两人毕业后。在世纪或者逢十的复数年代前，应用定冠词the，为固定用法。故填the。 33. 考查代词。句意：保护森林的共同责任使他们走到了一起，并于2001年结婚。空处所填词作宾语，应用宾格人称代词形式。故填them。 34. 考查名词。句意：然而，由于森林的人力短缺和保护森林的巨大责任，陈住在海拔600米的山上的一座观景塔里。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用名词单数形式作宾语。故填shortage。 35. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，由于森林的人力短缺和保护森林的巨大责任，陈住在海拔600米的山上的一座观景塔里。这里考查非谓语，空处所填词和空后的内容构成短语，修饰空前的名词an observation power，所填词与an observation power之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用现在分词作定语。故填sitting。 36. 考查连词。句意：他负责监测和确保530多公顷国有森林以及周边12个村庄附近的森林的安全。空前的 monitoring 与空后的ensuring 是并列关系，应填并列连词and。故填and。 37. 考查介词。句意：同时，王负责维护山脚下的森林站。at the foot of the mountain 表“在山脚下”，为固定搭配。故填at。 38. 考查副词。句意：由于他们之间的距离和不同的责任，大约每10天陈下山补充补给时，他们只会短暂见面一次。空处所填词修饰动词see，应用副词形式。故填 briefly。 39. 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于他们之间的距离和不同的责任，大约每10天陈下山补充补给时，他们只会短暂见面一次。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词，且表示目的，应用不定式形式。故填 to refill。 40. 考查定语从句。句意：在过去的22年里，这片森林没有发生过一次火灾或任何其它安全风险，这使他们多次获得“杰出森林卫士”的称号。分析句子结构可知空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，且在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $