内容正文:
Module 2
专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练
句型、语法
语法提升
高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨
易错精讲
There be 句型的主谓一致与就近原则高频易错点01
一、核心用法
1. 主谓一致:
There be 句型中,be 动词的形式由后面的主语(名词)单复数或可数性决定:
(1) 当主语是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,用There is。
课本示例:There's a Chinatown in New York.(“a Chinatown” 为单数可数名词,用 is)
There's Chinese dancing.(“Chinese dancing” 为不可数名词短语,用 is)
(2) 当主语是复数可数名词时,用There are。
课本示例:There are lots of Chinese shops and restaurants there.
(“shops and restaurants”为复数名词,用are)
There are many mountains in China.(“mountains” 为复数名词,用 are)
2. 就近原则:
当主语包含两个或多个名词(短语)时,be 动词的形式与距离最近的主语保持一致(即 “就近” 决定单复数)。
示例:There is a famous mountain and lots of lakes in Anhui.
(距离 be 动词最近的主语是 “a famous mountain”(单数),故用 is)
There are lots of lakes and a famous mountain in Anhui.
(距离 be 动词最近的主语是 “lots of lakes”(复数),故用 are)
易错点提示
(1) 单复数混淆:
误将不可数名词或单数名词与 are 搭配。
错误示例:There are a beautiful lake in Hangzhou.(×)
正确示例:There is a beautiful lake in Hangzhou.(√,“a lake” 为单数,用 is)
(2) 误将复数名词与 is 搭配。
错误示例:There is many rivers in China.(×)
正确示例:There are many rivers in China.(√,“rivers” 为复数,用 are)
(3) 忽略就近原则:
多个主语并存时,仅根据 “整体复数” 判断,忽略 “最近主语” 的单复数。
错误示例:There are a temple and some trees on the mountain.(×)
正确示例:There is a temple and some trees on the mountain.(√,最近主语a temple为单数,is)
小练笔
用 be 动词的适当形式完成句子。
1. There ________ some bananas in the bag.
2. There ________ some milk in the bottle.
3. There ________a window and two doors in the room.
4. There ________ lots of mountains and a long river in the town.
5. ________ there any lakes in your hometown?
点
拨
1. are 解析: bananas为可数名词复数, 故用 are。
2. is 解析: milk为不可数名词, 故用 is。
3. is 解析: there be 句型遵循就近原则, 离be动词近的是可数名词单数window, 故用 is。
4. are 解析: there be 句型遵循就近原则, 离 be 动词近的是复数 mountains, 故用 are。
5. Are 解析:此句为 there be 句型的一般疑问句, be 动词提前, 根据复数 lakes 可知用 Are there提问。
some 与 any 的用法高频易错点02
一、相同点
some和any都可以表示“一些”,表示“一些”时,既可以接可数名词复数,也可以接不可数名词。
例: There are some students in the playground. 操场上有一些学生。
There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
There isn't any milk in this glass. 这个玻璃杯里没有牛奶。
二、不同点
some
any
①用于肯定句
例: She wants some milk.她想要一些牛奶。
②用于建议或请求的疑问句
例: Would you like to have some bread?
你想吃些面包吗?
①用于否定句
例: She doesn't want any milk.她不想要牛奶。
②用于除建议和请求外的疑问句
例: Did she buy any tomatoes yesterday?
她昨天买了些西红柿吗?
三、any可以表示任何
例: You can take any of them.这些东西,你随便拿哪个都行。
Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
学记忆口诀:
some用在肯定句,否定疑问用any,表达请求和建议, some就把any替。
易错点提示
(1) 否定句中误用 some:表示 “没有一些” 时必须用 any。
错误示例:There aren't some lakes here.(×)
正确示例:There aren't any lakes here.(√)
(2) 一般疑问句中误用 some:除表请求外,疑问句需用 any。
错误示例:Are there some mountains in Anhui?(×)
正确示例:Are there any mountains in Anhui?(√)
小练笔
一、选择合适的单词填空。
1. Are there ________( some / any) Chinatowns in China?
2. Can I have ________ ( some/ any ) water?
3. There are ________( some / any ) Chinese shops.
4. There aren’t ________( some / any) trees here.
5. I have ________( some/ any ) toy cars.
二、按要求完成句子。
1. I want to have some noodles.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________
2. He has some fish for lunch.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________
3. My mother has some chicken.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________
4. Does he want to buy any pens?(改为肯定句)
________________________________________________________
点
拨
一、1. any 解析: some 和 any 都表示“一些”, any 用于一般疑问句和否定句, 此句为一般疑问句, 用 any。
2. some 解析: some 一般用于肯定句或期望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句。此句期望肯定回答,用 some。
3. some 解析:此句为肯定句, 故用 some修饰 Chinese shops。
4. any 解析:此句为否定句, 故用 any 修饰 trees。
5. some 解析:此句为肯定句, 故用 some修饰 toy cars。
二、1. Do you want to have any noodles?
2. Does he have any fish for lunch?
3. My mother doesn't have any chicken.
4. He wants to buy some pens.
Let's 句型与情态动词 can 的否定式高频易错点03
句型结构
(1) Let's + 动词原形:表示建议,意为 “让我们……”。
例:Let's visit the Great Wall.我们去参观长城吧。
(2) can't + 动词原形:表示 “不能做某事”。
例:We can't go now.我们现在不能去。
易错点提示
· Let's 后误用动词 - ing 形式:必须接动词原形。
错误示例:Let's going to the West Lake.(×)
正确示例:Let's go to the West Lake.(√)
· can't 缩写错误:不可写成 “cann't”,正确缩写为 “can't”。
小练笔
改正下列句子中的错误。
1.Let's visiting Chinatown.
→ __________________________________________
2.They can't to go there.
→ __________________________________________
1.Let's visit Chinatown. 解析:Let's 后接动词原形 “visit”。
2.They can't go there. 解析:can't 后接动词原形 “go”,去掉 “to”。
点
拨
综合训练
1、 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.There’s Chinese (dance).
2.There (be) many chairs in the classroom.
3.There are (lot) of restaurants there.
4.Are there (some) postcards on the desk?
5.Let’s (open) the window. It’s hot.
6.We (have) got a nice friend.
7.Can you (tell) me your name?
8.It’s difficult for (I).
9. (do) your mother miss China?
10.I want (go) shopping with my friends.
2、 从方框中选择合适的词填空。
story China saw spoke library
11.The Ming Tombs is very famous It’s in .
12.He wrote a in English.
13.People Chinese and English in Chinatown.
14.We a lion dance in the street last Sunday.
15.There are lots of books in the . We can read books there.
3、 单项选择。
( )16.There wasn’t ______ food in the fridge last week.
A.any B.many C.lots
( )17.You _____ miss China.
A.does B.do C.is
( )18.There are some _____ in the bag.
A.juice B.rice C.books
( )19.Look at the map. ______ lots of beautiful lakes in China.
A.There is B.There have C.There are
( )20.It’s _____ than six thousand kilometres long.
A.much B.many C.more
( )21._____ you _____ any books?
A.Do; gets B.Do; has C.Have; got
( )22.You _____ like computer games.
A.do B.does C.did
( )23.There ________ some juice in the bottle.
A.are B.isn’t C.is
( )24.Are there ________ restaurants?
A.a B.an C.any
( )25.He ______ small house, and ______ a river in front of his house.
A.has got; there is B.there is; has got C.has got; there are
4、 句型转换
26.The Chinatown is in New York. (对画线部分提问)
27.I want to go to Chinatown. (改为一般疑问句).
28.There are some Chinatowns in America. (改为一般疑问句)
29.The people spoke Chinese and English. (改为否定句)
30.There are many mountains in China. (就划线部分提问)
5、 给句子从方框中选择合适的答语。A.Let’s go to Chinatown now.
B.There are lots of shops and restaurants there.
C.Sometimes.
D.I’m playing football with my best friend.
E. Yes. All towns in China are Chinatowns.
( )31.Can you tell me more about Chinatown?
( )32.Are there any Chinatowns in China?
( )33.There is Chinese dancing in Chinatown.
( )34.Do you miss your family?
( )35.What are you doing?
6、 补全对话。
A: 36 A.Where is it?
B.Oh, it’s the Longquan Lake.
C.What are you doing?
D.I want to visit it someday (有一天).
E.No, it isn’t. It’s 420 metres high.
B: I’m looking at a photo.
A: What photo is it?
B: It’s a photo of the Erlang Mountain.
A: 37
B: It’s in Wugang.
A: Is it high?
B: 38 But it’s very beautiful.
A: Yes, there is a beautiful lake beside it . What’s the name of the lake?
B: 39 People can row a boat on the lake.
A: Are there any animals on the mountain?
B: Yes, there are some monkeys and birds on it.
A: Wow! The Erlang Mountain is really interesting. 40
7、 读对话,选择所缺单词。
Simon: What are you 41 , Daming?
Damimg: I’m sending an email 42 my family in China.
Simon: 43 you miss your family?
Damimg: Sometimes.
Simon: Do you want 44 to Chinatown?
Damimg: Yes! Can you tell 45 more about Chinatown?
Simon: There 46 lots of Chinese shops and restaurants there.
Damimg: Really?
Simon: Yes, and there 47 Chinese dancing.
Damimg: Let’s go to Chinatown now!
Simon: We can’t go now. It’s 48 late.
Damimg: 49 let’s go tomorrow.
Simon: Ah! You do 50 China!
( )41.A.do B.does C.doing
( )42.A.at B.to C.for
( )43.A.Can B.Are C.Do
( )44.A.to go B.go C.going
( )45.A.I B.my C.me
( )46.A.is B.are C.be
( )47.A.is B.are C.be
( )48.A.too B.to C.two
( )49.A.Late B.Then C.But
( )50.A.miss B.want C.think
参考答案
1.dancing
【详解】句意:有中国舞蹈。本题考查名词词组,Chinese dancing中国舞蹈,故答案为dancing。
2.are
【详解】句意:教室里有很多椅子。本题考查there be句型。句子为一般现在时,chairs是可数名词复数,be用are,故答案为are。
3.lots
【详解】句意:那里有很多餐馆。本题考查固定搭配,lots of很多,故答案为lots。
4.any
【详解】句意:课桌上有一些明信片吗?本题考查不定代词,some一些,用于肯定句中,在否定和疑问句中用any。故答案为any。
5.open
【详解】句意:让我们开窗户。太热了。本题考查动词的形式。let’s后跟动词原形,故答案为open。
6.have
【详解】句意:我们有一个好朋友。本题考查助动词,主语we是第一人称复数,助动词用have,故答案为have。
7.tell
【详解】句意:你能告诉我你的名字吗?本题考查动词的形式。can后跟动词原形,故答案为tell。
8.me
【详解】句意:对我来说很困难。本题考查人称代词,I主格,宾格me,介词for后跟人称代词宾格形式,故答案为me。
9.Does
【详解】句意:你的妈妈思念中国吗?本题考查助动词。本题是一般疑问句,时态可以是一般现在时态,主语your mother是第三人称单数,助动词是does,放在句首,首字母要大写。故答案为Does。
10.to go
【详解】句意:我想和我的朋友去购物。本题考查动词的形式,go去,动词原形。想要做某事want to do sth,故该空用go的不定式形式to go,故答案为to go。
11.China 12.story 13.spoke 14.saw 15.library
【分析】11.句意:十三陵非常有名。它在___________。十三陵在中国,中国是China,故答案为China。
12.句意:他用英语写了一个___________。story是名词故事,符合题意,故答案为story。
13.句意:人们在唐人街__________汉语和英语。说某种语言用动词speak,过去式是spoke,故答案为spoke。
14.句意:我们上周日在街上__________一只狮子跳舞。saw是动词过去式,看见,符合语境,故答案为saw。
15.句意:在__________里有许多书。我们可以在那里读书。library是名词图书馆,符合题意,故答案为library。
16.A
【详解】句意:上周冰箱里没有任何食物。本题考查不定代词。any一些,用在否定句或疑问句中;many许多,后面接可数名词复数,food在这是不可数名词,可排除B;lots许多,后面不能接名词,可排除C。此句是否定句,故选A。
17.B
【详解】句意:你真的很想念中国。本题考查助动词。miss是动词原形,横线处填助动词,主语you是第二人称,助动词用do,故选B。
18.C
【详解】句意:包里有一些______。本题考查名词辨析。A果汁,B米饭,C书,选项C符合句意,故选C。
19.C
【详解】句意:看这张地图。中国有很多漂亮的湖泊。本题考查there be句型,空后名词lakes是复数形式,be用are,故选C。
20.C
【详解】句意:它有六千多公里长。本题考查固定搭配,more than超过,故选C。
21.C
【详解】句意:你有书吗?本题考查固定搭配。助动词do后跟动词原形,gets和has都是动词的第三人称单数,排除AB;have got有,固定搭配,故选C。
22.A
【详解】句意:你确实喜欢电脑游戏。本题考查助动词,主语you是第二人称,助动词用do,故选A。
23.C
【详解】句意:瓶子里有一些果汁。本题考查there be句型。juice是不可数名词,be用is,由some可知句子是肯定句,故选C。
24.C
【详解】句意:有餐馆吗?本题考查不定代词。a/an修饰可数名词单数,any修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词, restaurants是可数名词复数,故选C。
25.A
【详解】句意:他有一座小房子,在他的房子前面有一条小河。 本题考查固定搭配和there be句型,have got有,表示某物归某人所有,是一 种所属关系;there be有,表示在某地有某物(或人),根据句意可知他有一座小房子是所属关系,主语是he,用has got;后半句指某地有某物,用there be句式,a river是单数,故be动词用is。故选A。
26.Where is the Chinatown?
【详解】句意:唐人街在纽约。划线部分in New York是地点,用where提问,首字母大写。疑问句结构为Where+be动词+主语?根据原句可知be动词是is,主语是the Chinatown,故答案为Where is the Chinatown?
27.Do you want to go to Chinatown?
【详解】句意:我想去唐人街。改为一般疑问句,用助动词引导。疑问句结构为:助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?陈述句主语是I,疑问句主语变为you,句子为一般现在时态,助动词用do,首字母大写。故答案为Do you want to go to Chinatown?
28.Are there any Chinatowns in America?
【详解】略
29.The people didn't speak Chinese and English.
【详解】略
30.How many mountains are there in China?
【详解】句意:中国有多少山脉?
31.B 32.E 33.A 34.C 35.D
【分析】31.句意:你能告诉我更多的关于唐人街的事情吗?B那有许多的商店和餐馆。符合语境,故选B。
32.句意:在中国有唐人街吗?答语用yes或no回答,E选项是。在中国所有的城镇都是唐人街。符合语境,故选E。
33.句意:唐人街有中国舞蹈。A选项现在让我们去唐人街吧。符合语境,故选A。
34.句意:你想念你的家人吗?C选项有时。符合语境,故选C。
35.句意:你正在做什么?答语说事情,D选项我正在和我最好的朋友踢足球。符合语境,故选D。
36.C 37.A 38.E 39.B 40.D
【导语】本文讨论了二郎山和龙泉湖。
36.下句说:我正在看一张照片。可知这句问正在做什么,选项C“你正在做什么?”符合语境,故选C。
37.下句说:它在舞钢。可知这句问在哪,选项A“它在哪?”符合语境,故选A。
38.上句问:它高吗?可知这句用yes或no回答,选项E“不,它不高。它420米高。”符合语境,故选E。
39.上句问:湖的名字是什么?答语回答湖的名字,选项B“哦,它是龙泉湖。”符合语境,故选B。
40.上句说:二郎山真的很有趣。选项D“我想有一天参观它。”符合语境,故选D。
41.C 42.B 43.C 44.A 45.C 46.B 47.A 48.A 49.B 50.A
【导语】本文主要讲述了大明和西蒙在讨论唐人街。
41.句意:你正在做什么,大明?A是动词原形,B是动词的第三人称单数,C是动词的现在分词或动名词。are+动词的现在分词构成现在进行时,故选C。
42.句意:我正在_____在中国的家人寄一封电子邮件。A在,B给,C为。send sth. to sb.把某物寄给某人,故选B。
43.句意:你想念你的家人吗?A能,B是,C助动词。can表示能力,题干没有表达此意思;are后接动词的现在分词构成现在进行时,题干中的miss是原形。C符合题意,故选C。
44.句意:你想要去唐人街吗?A去,B去,C去。want to do想要做,故选A。
45.句意:是的!你能告诉________更多关于唐人街的事情吗?A我,B我的,C我。tell后接人称代词宾格,I是主格,me是宾格,故选C。
46.句意:那里__________许多中国商店和餐馆。there be有,靠近be的是lots of Chinese shops,be用are,故选B。
47.句意:是的,并且________中国舞。there be有,靠近be的是Chinese dancing,be用is,故选A。
48.句意:______晚了。A太,B向,C二。A符合题意,故选A。
49.句意:________让我们明天去。A晚的,B那么,C但是。B符合题意,故选B。
50.句意:你确实__________中国!A思念,B想要,C思考。A符合题意,故选A。
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