Unit 3 Choices （单元测试卷）英语沪教版2020必修第一册

2025-2026学年高一必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 3（参考答案） I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1-5 CDDBA 6-10 ABABC 11-13 CDC 14-16 CAC 17-20 DADB II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A（语法填空） 21．fail/have failed 22．among/in/for 23．managing 24．to suffer 25．whether 26．aged 27．even if/even though 28．their 29．that 30．earlier Section B（选词填空） 31．D 32．E 33．A 34．J 35．I 36．G 37．B 38．F 39．C 40．H III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） 41．C 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．A 46．D 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．C 52．A 53．C 54．A 55．B Section B （阅读理解） 56．D 57．A 58．B 59．C 60．A 61．D 62．C 63．B 64．C 65．D 66．C Section C（六选四） 67．E 68．B 69．A 70．C IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) 71.It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young. Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Besides, honesty, fairness, and objective attitudes can win a leader trust and reliability in handling of interpersonal relationships. Moreover, skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） 72.It dawned on me that Yan Ning was recognized worldwide and awarded the title of Outstanding Female Scientist due to her pursuit of excellence and her commitment/devotion to research. 73.It’s incredible/unbelievable that so many people (should) sign up for citywalk, which is supposed to be a self-exploration of the city and self-relaxation. 74.As soon as they heard that the newly launched electric car was sold at a 10% discount, consumers flooded into the car dealership for a test drive. 75.As the game was coming to an end, Jordan shot the ball and scored! VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 This is Wu Lei, a male teacher who has taught English for nearly twenty years in Beijing University. Born in May 1964, Wu Lei graduated from Beijing University in 1965, after which he has been devoted to English teaching. He loves the educational cause very much. In the past two decades he has put his heart and soul into his work and study. He always applies different approaches to his teaching in order to make his classes lively and interesting. And his lectures are not easily forgotten. He has won the respect and love of all the teachers and students, and has been given the honor of “Model Teacher” for many times. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年高一必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 3 Choices 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A policewoman. B. A waitress. C. A flight attendant. D. A pilot. 2. A. At 5:30. B. At 5:35. C. At 6:00. D. At 6:05. 3. A. Confusing. B. Enjoyable. C. Relaxing. D. Boring. 4. A. The play started early. B. She went back to get her ticket. C. Tom walked with her to the bus stop. D. It was a long way from the theatre. 5. A. Preparing his school project. B. Catching the school bus. C. Making the final touch on the food. D. Handing in his homework. 6. A. Return the dog to her relative. B. Place a ban on dogs. C. Clean her apartment. D. Stay with her relative. 7. A. Find another scale. B. Develop a fitness routine. C. Try another workout programme. D. Wait for the right time to exercise. 8. A. The mall must be overcrowded. B. It’s hard to find the way in the mall. C. They should come to the mall some other day. D. They can get into the mall through the south gate. 9. A. Tony hopes to change his role in the play. B. Tony lacks confidence in playing the part. C. Professor Wright will help Tony remember the lines. D. Professor Wright will give Tony hints during the show. 10. A. It was quite easy for them to climb Huashan. B. The man went to Huashan during the summer vacation. C. The woman didn’t reach all the mountain tops of Huashan. D. The weather was just fine when the woman climbed Huashan. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Making the wearer feel tired. B. Gradually weakening an adult’s eyes. C. The loss of vision in children. D. Permanent change of the eye structure. 12. A. Working hard. B. Wearing sunglasses. C. Watching TV in poor light. D. Reading in bed. 13. A. Ways of choosing eye glasses. B. Suggestions of eyesight protection. C. Untruths of eye glasses and eyesight. D. Proven facts of the benefits of eye glasses. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. By reviewing new words every day. B. By studying the usage of the new word at night. C. By connecting the new word with the “old” ones. D. By applying the new word to daily conversations. 15. A. Desire to learn a new language. B. Anxiety to visit a community. C. Eagerness to have more sleep. D. Wish to be connected. 16. A. Roles of dreams in school life. B. Right attitudes towards language learning. C. Connections between dreams and language learning. D. Effective ways to memorize foreign language vocabulary. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. 13 years. B. 17 years. C. 20 years. D. 24 years. 18. A. The pressure from his competitors. B. The high expectation from his parents. C. The unforgettable matches he played on court. D. The prizes he received from winning the championships. 19. A. Because he had an operation but got well soon. B. Because he didn’t have enough rest before the match. C. Because his family and team gave him a lot of support. D. Because his belief and desire to win worked and helped. 20. A. Talkative and inspiring. B. Talented and determined. C. Modest and humorous. D. Optimistic and realistic. 【答案】1-5 CDDBA 6-10 ABABC 11-13 CDC 14-16 CAC 17-20 DADB Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. W: Excuse me sir, we’re about to land. Please remain seated and fasten your seat belt. M: Thank you for your notice. Q: What is probably the woman? 2. M: Oh no! It’s 5:30. The train is leaving in 5 minutes. W: According to the announcer, it is delayed 30 minutes due to the heavy snow. Q: When will the train leave? 3. M: Professor Smith’s lecture is anything but interesting. I can’t help yawning every time I’m listening. W: Seriously? I think he is very knowledgeable and I really enjoy attending his class. Q: What does the man think of the lecture? 4. M: Hey Jane, what took you so long? The play is already on. W: Sorry Tom. When I got on the bus, I realized I’d left my ticket at home. I had to go back. Q: Why is Jane late? 5. W: Tom, rise and shine! Come on down, or your breakfast will be cold and you’ll miss the school bus. M: Just a second. Let me put the final touch on my school project. I must hand it in today. Q: What’s Tom doing? 6. W: Mary just got a little dog from one of her relatives. M: Really? But I hear her apartment building is about to place a ban on pet animals. Q: What should Mary do? 7. M: I’ve done everything I can. Running, swimming, going on a diet… But the number on the scale doesn’t go down! W: Maybe you should stick to whatever method you’re trying for a longer time, like a month instead of a week. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 8. M: We’ll never find a parking space here. What about dropping you at the south gate and I’ll find parking somewhere else. W: Well, OK. It looks like everyone in town has come to the mall today. Q: What does the woman mean? 9. M: Professor Wright, you may have to find another student to play this role. The lines are so long and I simply can’t remember them all. W: Look, Tony. There’s still time. I don’t expect you to know all the lines yet. Just keep practicing. Q: What can we infer from the conversation? 10. M: I heard that you climbed Huashan during the summer holidays. How was the trip? W: If it hadn’t rained, I would have set foot on all of the five peaks. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. There are many commonly held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too early weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of vision if they have glasses inappropriate for their eyes. Most people believe that reading in poor light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired. Eye tiredness also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. However, although eye tiredness may cause some pain or headaches, it does not permanently damage eyesight. Another false statement about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transferred from one person to another. But if we keep clearing up the incorrect understanding and learning more about the eyes, someday a full transplant may be possible. （182词）(Now listen again please.) Questions: 11. What harm can wearing wrong eye glasses cause? 12. What may cause eye tiredness? 13. What is the passage mainly about? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. Have you ever dreamt a multilingual dream? That is a dream in more than one language. It is often said that if we dream in a foreign language, it’s a sign that we are making progress in learning that language. But is it true? First, let’s look at sleep. The link between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language, including our mother tongue. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language, but, if we are going to have a firm grasp of that new word, we need to link it to our existing knowledge. And in order to do that, we “need to have some sleep”. It’s during sleep that the combination of old and new knowledge happens. The role that dreams play in this night-time learning process is still being studied, but it’s entirely possible that during multilingual dreams, the brain is trying to connect two languages. Having multilingual dreams could also have an emotional significance. Researchers suggest that multilingual dreams can express “fears and desires” around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a native-like speaker or to be accepted within a certain community. We clearly still have a lot to learn about multilingual dreams, but one thing seems certain: if you’re trying to learn a new language, you should definitely sleep on it. （230词）(Now listen again please.) Questions: 14. According to the passage, how can we have a firm grasp of a new word? 15. What kind of emotion can multilingual dreams tell? 16. What is the passage mainly about? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. W: Hello everyone. This is Face-to-Face from Radio 1. With us today is the legendary tennis player Roger Federer. Welcome, Mr. Federer. M: Thank you for having me here. W: So, Mr. Federer, we all know that you retired at the age of 41. How long did your professional tennis career last? M: Well, I picked up the racket when I was 3 and turned professional at the age of 17. W: That’s a really long time. It’s interesting to note that you were also on the junior national football team. Why did you choose tennis in the end? Did your parents have a say in your decision? M: I have to say, no. They didn’t have too much expectation on me, but they always support my decision. I found myself more into tennis when I was 13. And here I am. W: A wise decision. Throughout your career, you played more than 1,500 matches. What kept you going? M: I always believe that I was given a special talent. I became a top 100 player in just seven months. Also, my competitors on court pushed me so hard that I had to keep on bettering my skills to win as many matches as I could. The support from my amazing family, team and friends was another reason. W: Then, what’s your most unforgettable match? M: It was the 2017 Australian Open. At that time, I hadn’t trained for almost 6 months because of my severe knee injury. I received an operation and it took me a long time to recover. I hadn’t expected that I would make it to the final and win my title. W: Amazing! How did you do that? M: I guess it was my firm belief and desire to win that helped me along the journey. As I always say, if you believe, you can go really far in your life. And on the tennis court, that is to win the championship. W: Indeed. So sad that our time is up. Thank you, Mr. Federer. （340词）(Now listen again please.) Questions: 17. How long did Roger Federer’s professional career last? 18. What motivated Federer to keep on playing tennis? 19. Why was the 2017 Australian Open most unforgettable to Federer? 20. Which of the following best describes Federer? II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 语法与词汇 Section A（语法填空） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early Death New research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you 21 (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have some good news for you. They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was 22 people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people 23 (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks. Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely 24 (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear 25 walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now. A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people 26 (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease — 27 the rest of the day was spent being inactive. Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for 28 heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity 29 fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop 30 (early) to get more steps in.” 【答案】 21．fail/have failed 22．among/in/for 23．managing 24．to suffer 25．whether 26．aged 27．even if/even though 28．their 29．that 30．earlier 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明每天走多少步可以降低早逝的风险。 21．考查时态、主谓一致。句意：如果你每天走一万步的目标失败了，研究人员给你带来了好消息。根据句意及a day可知，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为you，故谓语fail“失败”用动词原形；或者fail这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是you，所以助动词用have。故填fail或have failed。 22．考查介词。句意：早死风险最低的在那些每天走9000到10500步的人中。根据句意可知，表示“在……中”，且是很多人当中，用介词among或in。或者翻译为“对应，对”，用介词for。故填among或in或for。 23．考查非谓语动词。句意：在避免心脏病发作方面，每天走9700步左右的人风险最低。本句谓语为had，此处为非谓语动词，且people与manage“完成”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰people。故填managing。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家们此前发现，醒着时长时间坐着的人更容易早死和患心脏病。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，应用suffer“（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难”的不定式。故填to suffer。 25．考查主语从句。句意：直到现在，人们还不清楚走路是否能抵消一天中大部分时间坐着的影响。分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，本空引导主语从句，从句缺少“是否”的含义，应用whether引导。故填whether。 26．考查形容词。句意：发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究分析了来自英国的72174名61岁左右的人的数据。表示“年龄为……岁的”，所以用形容词aged构成形容词短语作后置定语，故填aged。 27．考查让步状语从句。句意：结果显示，每天超过2200步的步数与降低死亡率和心脏病有关——即使一天中剩下的时间都不活动。根据句意可知此处引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，故填even if/even though。 28．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们鼓励人们每周进行150分钟的适度运动，以保持心脏和循环系统的健康。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，故填their。 29．考查定语从句。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是activity，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，前面有any修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 30．考查副词比较级。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。根据句意可知此处为“早些时候”，所以用副词early的比较级作状语，故填earlier. Section B（选词填空） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 31 . “The 32 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 33 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 34 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 35 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 36 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 37 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 38 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 39 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 40 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. 【答案】 31．D 32．E 33．A 34．J 35．I 36．G 37．B 38．F 39．C 40．H 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑衰老与食物之间关系的研究。 31．考查名词。句意：但是，尽管人们对饮食如何加速大脑衰老进行了广泛的研究，但人们对预防认知能力下降的食物知之甚少。根据前文“We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging”说明的是肠胃和大脑紧密联系，且研究了饮食如何加速大脑衰老，所以此处指的是预防认知能力下降。设空处作prevent宾语，decline，作为名词，意为“下降”符合句意，为不可数名词。故选D。 32．考查形容词。句意：“营养认知神经科学这一新兴领域揭示了在整个生命周期中促进大脑健康的特定食物和营养素，”内布拉斯加州大学林肯分校大脑、生物学和行为中心主任阿隆·巴贝告诉《新闻周刊》。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据常识可知“field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience”为新兴学科。emerging意为“新兴的”符合句意。故选E。 33．考查过去分词。句意：“这项工作的核心是发现可用于旨在增强大脑健康的营养干预的营养概况。”过去分词短语aimed at意为“旨在，目的是”符合句意；此处指的是旨在增强大脑健康。故选A。 34．考查形容词。句意：在《自然衰老》杂志上发表的一项新研究中，Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分，为设计营养干预措施促进健康的大脑衰老提供了一条有希望的途径。空格处位于名词之前修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据前文“Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65 (Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分)”可知，此处是提供了有希望的途径。形容词promising意为“有前途的，有希望的”符合句意，在句中作定语。故选J。 35．考查动词以及时态。句意：分析显示，参与者的大脑衰老有两种类型：比预期的更快和更慢。根据空格后“比预期的更快和更慢”可知，此处指的是揭示了两种情况，reveal意为“揭示”符合句意；在句中作谓语，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故选I。 36．考查副词。句意：研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。空格处位于动词之前，因此需要填入副词，根据空格前“这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关”，可知，此处指的是地中海饮食曾经被认为与健康的大脑有关。previously意为“先前地”为副词，符合句意，在句中作状语。故选G。 37．考查动词以及被动语态。句意：地中海饮食的特点是饮食中富含全谷物、水果、蔬菜和橄榄油，适量摄入奶酪和鱼类，少量摄入红肉和加工肉。根据空格后“a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat”可知，此处指的是地中海饮食的特点。characterize“成为……特征”；主语The Mediterranean diet与动词characterize之间为被动关系，空格前有be动词，所以用过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 38．考查形容词。句意：本研究对这些关联提供了更客观的分析。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词。根据前文“The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has ____36____ been associated with healthy brain aging. (研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。)”可知，此处指的是客观的研究，形容词objective意为“客观的”，符合句意。故选F。 39．考查名词。句意：他说:“首先，这是使用基于血液的生物标志物来调查饮食和大脑健康之间关系的规模最大、最全面的研究之一。”设空处在句中作宾语，根据上文“This study provides a more  ____8____  analysis of these associations.”可知，此处指的是饮食和大脑之间的联系。名词connection意为“联系”，符合句意。故选C。 40．考查副词。句意：然而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。像这样的观察性研究之后，需要随机进行对照试验，以确认所确定的营养成分在促进大脑健康方面的有效性。空格处修饰动词，所以要用副词；根据空格前“而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。”可知，此处需要随机进行对照试验。randomly意为“随机地”，符合句意。故选H。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed, but according to a study of Russian readers, it doesn’t 41 how our brain understands written text. 42 , if you’re wondering whether you should be listening to podcasts or music while working, the study has some interesting points to make. In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting. “Overall, previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency and 43 , though their results varied,” write linguistics researcher Nina Zdorova and colleagues. “So far, none of the studies exploring the influence of noise 44 it in the framework of the language processing theories.” One of the language processing theories examined was the noisy channel model, which proposes that our brain deals with noise by looking at the meaning of 45 words more and at entire sentences less. We then use a bit of smart guesswork to 46 the overall meaning and relationships between words. The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding. By focusing less on the precise words, our brains can 47 some cognitive resources to deal with noise. To see how reading was affected by noise 48 these models, the researchers ran two experiments: one on auditory noise (71 participants) and one on visual noise (70 participants). When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading. This extra time could 49 the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed 50 . That’s a bit 51 considering previous studies, but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task, with the visual noise an uncomfortable distraction. “In both experiments, we observed that longer total reading time was 52 with an accuracy increase for incorrect sentences,” write the researchers. There’s a lot going on in this study, but overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory and an indication that auditory and visual noise doesn’t make us 53 any more or less on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading. With so many variables to measure in terms of what’s being read and what the 54 noise is, further study is required to learn more. 55 potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think. 41．A．reinforce B．estimate C．affect D．interpret 42．A．First of all B．For example C．Above all D．To start with 43．A．context B．efficiency C．comprehension D．device 44．A．evaluated B．identified C．established D．employed 45．A．individual B．different C．new D．unfamiliar 46．A．confirm B．imply C．refer D．infer 47．A．exploit B．spare C．commit D．consume 48．A．on account of B．regardless of C．in regard to D．in contrast to 49．A．make up for B．live up to C．catch up with D．put up with 50．A．declined B．shrank C．expanded D．increased 51．A．embarrassing B．depressing C．puzzling D．annoying 52．A．associated B．compared C．replaced D．mixed 53．A．take B．set C．rely D．base 54．A．accompanying B．strange C．deafening D．distant 55．A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Otherwise 【答案】 41．C 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．A 46．D 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．C 52．A 53．C 54．A 55．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明背景噪音可能会减缓我们的阅读速度但是不会影响我们理解书面文本。这项研究还有一些有趣的观点。特别是，它研究了我们如何改变我们的阅读方式来补偿听觉或视觉噪音，并阐述了两个理论。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：背景噪音——比如咖啡店里的闲聊或过往交通的嗡嗡声——可能会减缓我们的阅读速度，但根据一项对俄罗斯读者的研究，它不会影响我们的大脑理解书面文本。A. reinforce加强；强化；B. estimate估计；C. affect影响；D. interpret解释。根据前文“Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed”和but可知，前后文是转折关系，说明背景噪音可能会减缓我们的阅读速度但是研究表明不会影响我们理解书面文本。故选C。 42．考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你想知道在工作时应该听播客还是听音乐，这项研究有一些有趣的观点。A. First of all首先；B. For example例如；C. Above all首先；D. To start with从……开始。根据下文“if you’re wondering whether you should be listening to podcasts or music while working”可知，此处是举例说明。故选B。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言学研究员尼娜·兹多洛娃及其同事写道:“总的来说，之前的研究报告了听觉和视觉噪音对阅读流畅性和理解的不利影响，尽管他们的结果各不相同。”A. context (想法、事件等的)背景；上下文；B. efficiency效率；C. comprehension理解；D. device设备。根据上文“it doesn’t 　　41　　 how our brain understands written text”可知，之前的研究报告了听觉和视觉噪音会影响阅读的流畅性和理解。故选C。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，尚未有研究在语言加工理论的框架下对噪声的影响进行评价。A. evaluated评估；B. identified认出；确认；C. established建立；D. employed雇佣。根据前文“previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency”可知，以前的研究研究了噪音对阅读的流畅性和理解，但是没有研究在语言加工理论的框架下评估这种影响。故选A。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中一种语言处理理论是嘈杂通道模型，该模型假设我们的大脑通过更多地关注单个单词的含义而更少地关注整个句子来处理噪音。A. individual个人的；B. different不同的；C. new新的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。根据下文“at entire sentences less”可知，此处表示与entire形成对比，说明更多地关注单个单词，更少地关注整个句子。故选A。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们用一些聪明的猜测来推断单词之间的整体意义和关系。A. confirm确认；B. imply暗示；C. refer提到；D. infer推断。根据上文“We then use a bit of smart guesswork”可知，猜测是为了推断单词之间的整体意思和关系。故选D。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二种理论是足够好的模型；这时，我们的大脑并没有分析文本的每一个细节，而是只获取足够的单词来获得“足够好”的理解。通过不太关注精确的语法，我们的大脑保留一些认知资源来处理噪音。A. exploit利用；B. spare留出；C. commit承诺；D. consume消耗。根据前文“The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding.( 第二种理论是足够好的模型；这时，我们的大脑并没有分析文本的每一个细节，而是只获取足够的单词来获得“足够好”的理解。)”可知，此处表示大脑不分析文本的每一个细节，只是获取足够的单词就可以有足够好的理解，大脑利用不太精确的语法，保留一些资源来处理噪音。故选B。 48．考查固定短语辨析。句意：为了看看这些模型中的阅读是如何受到噪音的影响的，研究人员进行了两个实验:一个是听觉噪音(71名参与者)，另一个是视觉噪音(70名参与者)。A. on account of由于；B. regardless of不管；不顾；C. in regard to关于；D. in contrast to相比之下。根据下文“these models”以及下文的实验可知，此处说的是研究人员想要了解在这两种模式中，阅读是如何受到噪音的影响的，故选C。 49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个额外的时间可以补偿噪音，这意味着句子理解不受影响。  A. make up for补偿；弥补；B. live up to符合；不负；C. catch up with跟上；D. put up with忍耐。根据上文“When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading.( 当涉及到听觉噪音测试时，来自重叠播客的背景聊天会导致人们在完成阅读之前花更长的时间来看句子的关键部分。)”以及下文“meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it”可推断，这些额外增加的时间提供了补偿。故选A。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在视觉噪音测试中，当阅读速度提高时，理解能力保持不变。A. declined拒绝；B. shrank收缩；C. expanded扩大；D. increased提高。根据下文“but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task”可知，研究人员认为，人们只是想完成任务，说明人们加快了阅读速度。故选D。 51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到之前的研究，这有点令人费解，但研究人员认为，人们只是想完成任务，因为视觉噪音会令人不舒服地分心。A. embarrassing使人尴尬的；B. depressing令人沮丧的；C. puzzling令人迷惑的；D. annoying令人烦恼的。根据前文“In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting.( 特别是，它研究了我们可能如何改变我们的阅读风格，以弥补听觉噪音和视觉干扰，如拼写错误或糟糕的格式。)”可知，视觉噪音会令人分神，因此研究人员对于在视觉噪音测试中，当阅读速度提高时理解能力保持不变感到困惑。故选C。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道:“在这两个实验中，我们观察到，总阅读时间越长，对不准确的句子的准确率就越高。”A. associated联系；B. compared比较；C. replaced代替；D. mixed混合。根据前文“This extra time could 　　49　　 the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed 　　50　　.”可知，两个实验都显示阅读时间的长度与准确率有关。be associated with“与……有联系”。故选A。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究涉及很多内容，但总的来说，“足够好”语言处理理论有更大胜利——这表明，听觉和视觉噪音不会让我们在阅读时或多或少地依赖于任何特定的理解方法。A. take拿走；B. set设置；C. rely依靠；D. base以……为基础。根据前文“overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory”和下文“on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading”可知，此处表示“足够好”语言处理理论更有效，说明听觉和视觉噪音不会让我们在阅读时依赖于任何特定的理解方法。故选C。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这么多的变量来衡量正在阅读的内容和伴随的噪音是什么，需要进一步的研究来了解更多。A. accompanying伴随的；B. strange奇怪的；C. deafening震耳欲聋的；D. distant遥远的。根据前文“Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed”可知，此处说的是背景音，也就是伴随的噪音。故选A。 55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，潜在的干扰可能并不会像你想的那样打断你的阅读。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Instead代替；D. Otherwise否则。前文“further study is required to learn more”和下文“potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think.”是转折关系。说明尽管需要更多地研究，但是潜在的干扰可能并不会像你想的那样打断你的阅读。故选B。 Section B （阅读理解） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. While police departments have used facial recognition tools for years, they’ve been limited to searching government-provided images, for example driver’s license photos. Now an app called Clearview AI can remove images of faces “from across the internet”—including social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, employment sites, even Venmo—gathering a database of more than 3 billion photos. “Until now, technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face has been forbidden because of its invasion of privacy.” Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies. New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.” We’ve been building toward this moment for a long time, said Adrian Chen in The California Sunday Magazine. In the late 1800s, the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first “method for identifying criminals based on their physical features,” using 11 physical measurements. But scale changes everything. The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition software plan.” All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition, said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano Lima in Politico.com, but “efforts to check its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on both sides of the Atlantic.” A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city. Even if some bans on the technology succeed, said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times, we’re still building an “observation society.” Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many. An entirely unregulated data industry is already creating “descriptions of who we are and what our interests are” by tracking our movements, purchases, and interactions. “We are being identified without our knowledge, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.” 56．So far Clearview’s customers are ______. A．investors of AI apps B．social media sites C．small groups of private users D．government departments 57．By “But scale changes everything.” (paragraph 2), the author means that ______. A．facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose B．people should be scanned through more available physical measurements C．border security inspection has brought commercialization of identification software D．widespread cheap images are becoming a drawback for facial recognition technology 58．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Rules concerning anti-invasion of privacy are practicable around the world. B．Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments. C．Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success. D．Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments. 59．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Facial recognition is under control B．Get your facial identification ready C．Your face is now public property D．Establish a larger face database 【答案】56．D 57．A 58．B 59．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的应用程序Clearview最终会向公众开放，通过这程序能很快根据一张脸搜索出一个人，这个程序引起了很多方面的关注和担忧。 56．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies.” “”Clearview将其技术授权给600多个法律执行机构”以及New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” 纽约市在90天的测试后通过了这款应用，担心它可能会被滥用。Clearview的投资者“预计它的应用程序最终将向公众开放”。可知，到目前为止，Clearview的客户都是政府部门。故选D项。 57．词句猜测题。根据第二段中The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition software plan.” 国土安全部计划扫描“97%的所有出境国际航班的乘客”。这项技术已经得到了改进和商业化，你可以搜索数据库，购买扫描结果，只要“选择亚马逊的面部识别软件计划，只需40美分一张图片”。根据山下文语境可以判断出作者说But scale changes everything.（但是规模改变了一切。）的意思是面部识别技术已经远远超出了它最初的目的。故选A项。 58．推理判断题。根据第三段中A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city. 两党努力限制政府使用面部识别在国会被推迟。欧盟（EU）正在讨论一项为期五年的临时禁令，但欧洲隐私规则包含了“对公共当局的广泛划分”。当局正在使用它：伦敦警方上周刚刚在全市范围内启用了摄像头实时面部识别功能。由此判断出，面部识别技术实在是太不可抗拒了以至于政府无法将其搁置一旁。故选B项。 59．主旨大意题。根据第一段中A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. 据《纽约时报》报道，Kashmir Hill表示，一项秘密的面部识别程序“可能会宣布公众匿名制的终结”。以及Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.” Clearview的投资者“预计它的应用程序最终将向公众开放”。很快，“通过脸搜索一个人就可以像谷歌一个名字一样简单。”再通读全文，可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的应用程序Clearview最终会向公众开放，通过这程序能很快根据一张脸搜索出一个人，因此选项C“你的脸现在是公共财产”为短文最佳标题。故选C项。 (B) ▲ Allerton, Liverpool £590,000 A large-area lawn would look at home on a traditional red-brick campus. Six miles south of the University of Liverpool and the “knowledge quarter”, it is part of Allerton Priory, designed and built by Victorian gothic architect Alfred Waterhouse in the early 1800s for a local merchant and now separated into apartments. There’s a three-bedroom duplex (复式) on the lower ground and ground floor. The living room has floor-to-ceiling windows and views of the grounds, and there’s a private gate for residents leading to Allerton Manor sports car club. Fine & Country, 0151-947-0810 ▲ Halton, Lancashire £285,000 This environmentally-friendly home is in the eco-settlement of Forgebank in the village of Halton on the outskirts of Lancaster. It may suit the buyers—with conscience and cash—who have chosen to settle close to the city they studied in. The complex sits on the banks of the River Lune and next to the Forest of Bowland. A two-bedroom home covers 1,050 sq ft with a balcony. The funky yellow kitchen cabinetry is by local carpenters. The Modern House, 0203-795-5920 ▲ Eddington, Cambridge £689,950 The local government of Cambridge is developing a new sustainable residential district two miles north of the city centre with 3,000 homes, 2,000 postgraduate rooms for the University of Cambridge, sports facilities, a market square and park lot. One of the newest phases is Knights Park. There’s a two-bedroom, two-bathroom luxury flat on the fourth floor of the Florey building with no stamp duty to pay. Hill, 01223-607-200 ▲ City centre, Bristol £565,000 This two-bedroom, first-floor apartment is in a pastel-coloured, period townhouse (老式联排别墅指ancientness)on the waterfront in the heart of Bristol’s nightlife,(夜生活中心指modernity)with a parking space, a lift and views of the Floating Harbour and the Arnolfini arts centre. Beyond is the tree-lined Georgian gardens of Queen Square in the old town. The University of Bristol is a 30-minute walk away. Knight Frank, 0117-317-1996 60．Which of the following is TRUE about the house in Allerton? A．It enjoys an open and broad view of nearby grounds. B．It is located on the campus of the University of Liverpool. C．It houses the Allerton Manor sports car club on the second floor. D．It was designed in the early 18th century by a local merchant. 61．Which house advertised boasts a combination of modernity and ancientness? A．Allerton, Liverpool B．Halton, Lancashire C．Eddington, Cambridge D．City centre, Bristol 62．Alex and Susan, a newly married couple who love sports and own a car, are looking for a two-bedroom house property. They may contact _______ to ask for more information. A．Fine & Country B．The Modern House C．Hill D．Knight Frank 【答案】60．A 61．D 62．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章一则房产广告，介绍了几个具有特色的房产。 60．细节理解题。根据Allerton, Liverpool 标题下“The living room has floor-to-ceiling windows and views of the grounds（客厅里有几扇落地窗，可以看到地面上的景色）”可知，Allerton的房子带有落地窗，所以会有很开阔的视野。故选A。 61．细节理解题。根据City centre, Bristol 标题下“This two-bedroom, first-floor apartment is in a pastel-coloured, period townhouse (老式联排别墅指ancientness)on the waterfront in the heart of Bristol’s nightlife,（夜生活中心指modernity)with a parking space（这套两室一层的公寓位于一座色彩柔和的古色古香的联排别墅内，位于布里斯托尔夜生活中心的水边(现代气息)，还有一个停车位）”中的“ancientness”以及“modernity可知City centre, Bristol具备现代性和古典韵味。故选D。 62．细节理解题。根据Eddington, Cambridge标题下“sports facilities, a market square and park lot.(体育设施，市场广场和停车场)”以及“There’s a two-bedroom two-bathroom luxury flat on the fourth floor of the Florey building with no stamp duty to pay(在弗洛里大厦的四楼，有一套两室两卫的豪华公寓，不用交印花税)”可知，Eddington, Cambridge的房子可以满足喜欢运动的购房人对于两居室及停车的需求，可以联系Hill, 01223-607-200。故选C。 (C) Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way — by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Esmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Esmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves. 63．The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A．repair rooms B．trading fairs C．business talks D．group meetings 64．Esmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ______. A．what caused the shipping accident B．when and where the shoes went missing C．whether it was all right to use their shoes D．how much they lost in the shipping accident 65．Esmeyer is most famous for ______. A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B．making records for any lost objects on the sea C．running a global currents research association D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 66．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To call people's attention to ocean pollution. B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D．To give advice on how to search for lost objects on the beach. 【答案】63．B 64．C 65．D 66．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通过一种特殊的方式来研究洋流,即通过追踪随机漂浮垃圾的运动轨迹来研究洋流。 63．词义猜测题，根据第一段划线句下文“to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.(以试图匹配左右鞋子来出售或穿着)”可推断，有这么多的鞋，人们设立了旧物交换会尝试匹配的左、右鞋出售或穿着。可知swap meets意为贸易交换所。故选B。 64．细节理解题，根据第二段的“He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.(他打电话给鞋业公司，问他们是否想要回鞋子。不出所料，该公司告诉他，他们不要。埃斯迈耶意识到这可能是一个伟大的实验)”可知，Ebbesmeye打电话的目的是为了确定自己是否有权使用这些鞋子。故选C。 65．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.(由于他的工作成果，埃斯迈耶已经成为著名的科学家，会有人打电话询问在海洋中发现的任何不寻常的漂浮物。他甚至成立了一个由海滩拾荒者和海洋专家组成的协会，从西非到新西兰，已有500名会员。他们记录了从土豆到高尔夫手套的所有失物)”可知，Ebbesmeyer已经成为一位知名科学家，一旦发现海上有不寻常的漂浮物时，人们都会打电话咨询他，故选D。 66．推理判断题，根据第一段“Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way --- by studying movements of random floating garbage.(现在科学家们正在努力研究洋流。大多数人使用卫星和其他高科技设备。然而,海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer一采用种特殊的方式来研究洋流,即通过追踪随机漂浮垃圾的运动轨迹来研究洋流)”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是阐述一种特殊的研究海洋洋流的方式。故选C。 Section C（六选四） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. 67 Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them. 68 If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. 69 Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. 70 The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. A．If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. B．In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models. C．Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. D．I was very proud of myself. E．But soon I grew bored. F．Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. 【答案】67．E 68．B 69．A 70．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了盲目模仿的危害以及如何树立榜样。 67．根据上文“When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes.(当我第一次学习烹饪时，我用食谱做出一些美味的菜肴)”以及后文“Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own?(当我可以创造自己的烹饪方式时，为什么要遵循别人的烹饪方式呢？)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出作者不想再模仿别人了，故E选项“但很快我就厌倦了”符合语境，故选E。 68．根据本段内容“If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.(当你还是个孩子的时候，如果你观察过那些生活糟糕的人，你可能会把他们的恐惧和痛苦当作正常的事情来接受，然后跟随他们的脚步。如果你不为自己做出强有力的选择，你就会得到别人软弱选择的结果)”可知，后文的例子表明不好的榜样，会带来负面的影响，故B选项“在日常生活中，如果我们下意识地树立了不好的榜样，模仿就会伤害我们”符合语境，故选B。 69．根据上文“In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous.(在娱乐领域，我们的文化颂扬名人。那些明星在银幕上看起来很棒。但当他们走出银幕，他们的个人生活可能是灾难性的)”可知，上文提到了明星在银幕上看着光鲜，实际上个人生活很糟糕，说明树立榜样不能仅凭外在，要多关注内在，故A选项“如果你要跟随某人，关注他们的才能，而不是他们的坏性格或不可接受的行为”符合语境，故选A。 70．根据上文“Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.(有福的人，是愿意按照自己突然产生的创造独特事物的愿望去行动的人。想想那些对你影响最深的电影、书籍、老师和朋友。他们打动了你，因为他们的创作是出于灵感，而不是绝望。改变世界的不是那些按照前人的做法行事的人，而是那些按照自己内心的想法行事的人)”以及后文“The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.(创作者面临的问题不是素材不足，是如何处理敲开想象之门的材料)”可知，上文提到了按照自己内心想法做事，后文则提到了想象，故本句是在说明有创造力的人想法很多，故C选项“有创造力的人有无穷无尽的想法”符合语境，故选C。 IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. 71._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young. Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Besides, honesty, fairness, and objective attitudes can win a leader trust and reliability in handling of interpersonal relationships. Moreover, skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何成为一名成功的团队领导者。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. ②What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. ③A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. ④They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. ⑤To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. ⑥Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. 2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组 3.遣词造句 The ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young.（运用了when引导时间状语从句对第一段内容进行概括） [高分句型2] Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed.（运用了动词不定式作后置定语对第二段的部分内容进行概括） V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.我逐渐明白，颜宁之所以被世界认可并被授予杰出女科学家称号是因她对卓越的追求和对研究的投入。(dawn) (汉译英) 【答案】It dawned on me that Yan Ning was recognized worldwide and awarded the title of Outstanding Female Scientist due to her pursuit of excellence and her commitment/devotion to research. 【详解】考查动词、名词、短语和固定句型。本句用一般过去时来陈述过去事实，表示“我逐渐明白”用固定句型It dawned on me that；表示“被世界认可”用be recognized worldwide，因为主语是第三人称单数所以be动词用was；表示“被授予杰出女科学家称号”可用be awarded the title of Outstanding Female Scientist，因为awarded与上文的recognized并列，所以此处省略be动词，用连词and来连接；表示“因为”可用短语due to；表示“她对卓越的追求”可用短语her pursuit of excellence；表示“对研究的投入”可用短语her commitment/devotion to research。故答案为It dawned on me that Yan Ning was recognized worldwide and awarded the title of Outstanding Female Scientist due to her pursuit of excellence and her commitment/devotion to research. 73.那么多人报名参加city walk真是有些不可思议，这本是一个自我探究城市、自我放松的一个活动。(汉译英)（which） 【答案】It’s incredible/unbelievable that so many people (should) sign up for citywalk, which is supposed to be a self-exploration of the city and self-relaxation. 【详解】考查固定句型和虚拟语气。表示“……不可思议”句型为It’s incredible/unbelievable that…，从句需用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略；表示“那么多人”为so many people；表示“报名参加city walk”短语为sign up for citywalk；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“本来”短语为be supposed to do sth.；表示“一个自我探究城市、自我放松的一个活动”翻译为be a self-exploration of the city and self-relaxation。为一般现在时。故翻译为It’s incredible/unbelievable that so many people (should) sign up for citywalk, which is supposed to be a self-exploration of the city and self-relaxation. 74.一听说这款新上市的电动车打9折出售，消费者们纷纷涌入这家汽车销售店试驾。(flood) (汉译英) 【答案】As soon as they heard that the newly launched electric car was sold at a 10% discount, consumers flooded into the car dealership for a test drive. 【详解】考查状语从句和固定短语。“一……就……”翻译为as soon as 引导状语从句；“听说”翻译为heard，因从句表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时；“新上市的”翻译为newly launched；“打9折出售”翻译为was sold at a 10% discount ；“涌入”使用flood into，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时；“汽车销售店”为car dealership；“试驾”为for a test drive。故翻译为：As soon as they heard that the newly launched electric car was sold at a 10% discount, consumers flooded into the car dealership for a test drive。 75.比赛快结束时，乔丹(Jordan)投出了球，得分了! (as) (汉译英) 【答案】As the game was coming to an end, Jordan shot the ball and scored! 【详解】考查时间状语从句和时态。“比赛快结束时”作时间状语，用指定连词as(在……时候)引导该从句，主语“比赛”the game，谓语“结束”用动词短语come to an end，描述过去计划、安排好将要发生的事情，用过去将来时态was coming to an end；“乔丹(Jordan)投出了球，得分了!”是主句，主语“乔丹”Jordan，谓语“投”用动词shoot，描述过去的动作用一般过去时态，动词过去式为shot，宾语“球”the ball，并列谓语“得分”用动词score，用过去式scored。综上，全句译为：As the game was coming to an end, Jordan shot the ball and scored! VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. Wu Lei在北京大学任教长达近二十年，工作出色，为此《中国日报》准备刊登他的照片。请你根据下面的提示，写一图片说明，简要介绍他的情况。 姓名：Wu Lei　　　性别：男　　　出生年月：1964年5月 职业：英语教师 简历：1985年大学毕业，从那时至今在北京大学任教。 主要事迹： 1．热爱教育事业； 2．刻苦钻研业务，专心搞好工作； 3．教学方法多样，课堂教学生动活泼； 4．多次被评为模范教师，深受师生尊敬和爱戴。 注意：词数120左右。 参考词汇：教育事业the educational cause ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: This is Wu Lei, a male teacher who has taught English for nearly twenty years in Beijing University. Born in May 1964, Wu Lei graduated from Beijing University in 1965, after which he has been devoted to English teaching. He loves the educational cause very much. In the past two decades he has put his heart and soul into his work and study. He always applies different approaches to his teaching in order to make his classes lively and interesting. And his lectures are not easily forgotten. He has won the respect and love of all the teachers and students, and has been given the honor of “Model Teacher” for many times. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。题目要求考生根据提示为《中国日报》刊登的Wu Lei照片写一则图片说明，简要介绍该人物的情况。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 投身于：be devoted to→be committed to, be dedicated to 热爱：love→delight in, have a passion for, take great pleasure in 不同的：different→various, a variety of 为了：in order to→in a bid to, for the purpose of, in an effort to 有趣的：interesting→absorbing, engrossing, engaging 2. 句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：He always applies different approaches to his teaching in order to make his classes lively and interesting. And his lectures are not easily forgotten. 拓展句：He always applies different approaches to his teaching in order to make his classes lively and interesting, as a result of which his lectures are not easily forgotten. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This is Wu Lei, a male teacher who has taught English for nearly twenty years in Beijing University.（运用了who引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词a male teacher） 【高分句型2】Born in May 1964, Wu Lei graduated from Beijing University in 1965, after which he has been devoted to English teaching.（运用了过去分词短语Born…作状语、after which引导非限制性定语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（61北京）股份有限公司1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2023学年第一学期高三年级期中学业质量调研测试英语学科听力部分现在开始listening comprehension section a directions。In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and question about IT, read four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard when. Excuse me, sir, we are about to land. Please remain seated and Foster your seat belt. Thank you for . your notice . question. What is probably the woman? Two, oh, no, it's five thirty. The train is living in five minutes. According to the announcer, IT is delayed thirty minutes due to the heavy . snow question. When will the train leave? Three profess Smith lecture is anything but interesting. I can't help you on every time i'm listening seriously. I think he is very knowledgeable, able, and I really enjoy attending his class question. what does the men think of the lecture? For hi jane, what took you so long? The play is already on. Sorry, tom. When I got on the bus, I realized i'd left my ticket at home. I had to go back . question, why is jane late? Five, tom. rise and the shine, come on down, all your breakfast will be cold and you'll miss the school bus just a second. Let me put the final touch on my school project. I must hand IT in today. Question, what's time doing? Six. mary just got a little dog from one of her relatives. really, but I hear her apartment building is about to press a ban on Peter animals question, what should mary do? Seven, I have done everything I can, running, swimming, going on a diet, but in the number on the skill doesn't to go down. Maybe you should stick to whatever method you are trying for a longer time, like a month instead of a week. Question, what does the woman suggest men do? Eight, we will never find a parking space kill. What about dropping you at the south gate? And I will find parking somewhere else? Well, okay, IT looks like everyone in town has come to the mall today. Question, what does the woman mean? Nine professor, right? You may have to find another student to praise this role. The lines are so long, and I think we can't remember them all. Look, tony, there's still time. I don't expect you to know all the lines yet. Just keep a practicing question. What can we infer from the . conversation? Ten, I heard that you climb the husson during the summer holidays. How was the cheaper? If IT hadn't rained, I would have set foot on all of the . five peaks. Question, what can we learn from the . conversation? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passengers, and when longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the shelter passengers and longer conversation, the shelter passengers and longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven, three, thirteen are based on the foreign passenger. There are many company held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses to early weakens the ice, but there is no evidence to show that the structure of ice is changed by wearing glasses at Young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that four adults there is no danger, but children can develop lots of vision if they have glasses in appropriate for their eyes. Most people believe that reading in poor light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light mix, the eyes work harder, so they do get tired. I tightness also results from reading a lot, reading in bed and watching too much television. However, although I tightness may cause some pain or headaches, IT doesn't permanently damage eyesight. Another first statement about the ice is that they can be replaced or transfer from one person to another. But if we keep clearing up the incorrect understanding and learning more about the eyes, someday a full, transparent may be possible. Now listen again, please. There are many commonly held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too early weakens the ice, but there is no evidence to show that the structure of ice is changed by wearing glasses at a Young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop lots of vision if they have glasses inappropriate for their eyes. Most people believe that reading in poor light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired. I tightness also results from reading a lot, reading in bed and watching too much television. However, although I tideless may cause some thing or headaches, IT does not a permanently damage eyesight. Another force statement about ice is that they can be replaced or transferred from one person to another, but if we keep clearing up the incorrect understanding and learning more about the ice, someday a full transplant may be possible. Questions eleven, what harm can wearing wrong eye glasses cause? Twelve, what may cause ee tightness? Thirteen, what is the passage mainly about? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the foreign passage. Have you ever dreamed a mount lingo dream that is a dream in more than one language? IT is often said that if we dream in a falling language is a sign that we are making progress in learning that language, but is IT true. First, let's look at sleep. The link between slipper and language can be apply to how we learn any language, including our mother town. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language. But if we're going to have a firm grasp of that new word, we need to link IT to our existing knowledge. And in order to do that, we need to have some sleep. It's daring sleep that the combination of old and new knowledge happens. The rule that dreams play in this lifetime learning process is still being started, but it's entirely possible that during multilingual games the brain is trying to connect to languages. Having multi linger dreams could also have an emotional significance. Researchers suggest that mark linger genes can express fears and designs around learning a foreign language, including the wish to be a native like a speaker, or to be accepted within a certain community. We clearly still have a lot to learn about multi ingo dreams. But one thing seems certain, if you are trying to learn a new language, you should definitely sleep on IT. Now listen again, please. Have you ever dreamed a multination dream that is a dream in more than one language? IT is often said that if we dream in a foreign language, it's a sign that we are making progress in learning that language, but is IT true. First, let's look at sleep. The link between sleep and language can be applied to how we learn any language, including our mother toe. Even adults still learn about one new word every two days in their first language. But if we are going to have a firm grasp of that new word, we need to link IT to our existing knowledge. And in order to do that, we need to have some sleep. It's during sleep that the combination of old and new knowledge happens. The role that dreams play in this nighttime learning process is still being studied, but is entirely possible that during multiple al dreams, the brain is trying to connect two languages. Having multi ingle dreams could also have an emotional significance. Researchers suggest that multi ingle dreams can express fears and desires around learning the foreign language, including the wish to be a native like speaker or to be accepted within a certain community. We clearly still have a lot to learn about multi al dreams. But one thing seems certain, if you are trying to learn a new language, you should definitely sleep on IT. Questions fourteen, according to the passage, how can we have a phone grasp of a new world? Fifteen, what kind of emotion can multination dreams tell? Sixteen, what is the passage mainly about? Questions seventeen s through twenty are based on the foreign conversation. Hello everyone, this is face to face from radio. One with us today is the legende tennis player, Roger federal. Welcome, mr. federal. Thank you for having me here. So mr. Federer, we all know that you retired at the age of forty one. How long did your professional tennis career last? Well, I picked up the racket when I was three and turned professional at the age of seventeen. That's a really long time. It's interesting to note that you were also on the junior national football team. Why did you choose tennis in the end? Did your parents have a say in your decision? I have to say, no. They didn't have too much expectation on me, but they always support my decision. I found myself more into tennis when I was thirteen. And here I am. a wise decision throughout your career. You played more than one thousand and five hundred matches. What can t you going? I always, you said I was given a special term. I became a top one hundred player in just seven months. Also, my competitors on court pushed me so hard that I had to keep on battering my skills to win as many matches as I could. The supporter from my amazing family, team and friends was another reason. Then, what's your most unforgettable match? IT was the twenty seventeen australian open. At that time, I hadn't trained for almost six months because of my severe nee injury. I received an Operation and I took me a long time to recover. I hadn't expected that I would make IT to the final and win mine title. amazing. How did you do that? I guess . IT was my phone, believe and desire to win that helped me along the journey. As I always say, if you believe you can go really far in your life and under tennis court, that is to win the championship. Indeed, so sad that our time is up. Thank you, mr. federal. Now listen again, please. Hello everyone. This is a face to face from radio. One with us today is the legende tennis player Roger federal. Welcome, mr. federal. Thank you for having me here. So mr. Federal, we all know that you retired at the age of a forty one. How long did your professional tennis career last? Well, I picked up a racket when I was three and turned professional at the age of seventeen. That's a really long time. It's interesting to note that you were also on the junior national football team. Why did you choose tennis in the end? Did your parents have a say in your decision? I have to say, no, they didn't have too much expectation on me, but they always support my decision. I found myself more into tennis when I was thirteen. And here I am. a wise decision throughout to your career. You played more than one thousand and five hundred and matches what cap you going. I always believe that I was given a special talent. I became a top one hundred prayer in just seven months. Also, my competitors on code push me so hard that I had to keep on battering my skills to win as many matches as I could. The support from my amazing family, team and friends was another reason. Then, what's your most unforgettable match? IT was the twenty seventeen australian open. At that time, I hadn't trained for almost six months because of my severe knee injury. I received an Operation and IT took me a long time to recover. I hadn't expected that I would make IT to the . final and win my to amazing. How did you do that? I guess IT was my phone, believe, and designed to win. That helped me along the journey. As I always say, if you believe you can go really far in your life and on the tennis court, that is to wind championship. Indeed, so sad that our time is up. Thank you. mr. Federal questions seventeen, how long did lower federal professional career last? Eighteen, what motivated feather to keep on playing tennis? Nineteen, why was the twenty seventeen australia open most unforgettable to federal? Twenty, which are the foreign best, describes federal. 关注微信公众号，上海初高中英语教学，海量名校名师资源，助力升学一臂之力。 2025-2026学年高一必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 3 Choices 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A policewoman. B. A waitress. C. A flight attendant. D. A pilot. 2. A. At 5:30. B. At 5:35. C. At 6:00. D. At 6:05. 3. A. Confusing. B. Enjoyable. C. Relaxing. D. Boring. 4. A. The play started early. B. She went back to get her ticket. C. Tom walked with her to the bus stop. D. It was a long way from the theatre. 5. A. Preparing his school project. B. Catching the school bus. C. Making the final touch on the food. D. Handing in his homework. 6. A. Return the dog to her relative. B. Place a ban on dogs. C. Clean her apartment. D. Stay with her relative. 7. A. Find another scale. B. Develop a fitness routine. C. Try another workout programme. D. Wait for the right time to exercise. 8. A. The mall must be overcrowded. B. It’s hard to find the way in the mall. C. They should come to the mall some other day. D. They can get into the mall through the south gate. 9. A. Tony hopes to change his role in the play. B. Tony lacks confidence in playing the part. C. Professor Wright will help Tony remember the lines. D. Professor Wright will give Tony hints during the show. 10. A. It was quite easy for them to climb Huashan. B. The man went to Huashan during the summer vacation. C. The woman didn’t reach all the mountain tops of Huashan. D. The weather was just fine when the woman climbed Huashan. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Making the wearer feel tired. B. Gradually weakening an adult’s eyes. C. The loss of vision in children. D. Permanent change of the eye structure. 12. A. Working hard. B. Wearing sunglasses. C. Watching TV in poor light. D. Reading in bed. 13. A. Ways of choosing eye glasses. B. Suggestions of eyesight protection. C. Untruths of eye glasses and eyesight. D. Proven facts of the benefits of eye glasses. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. By reviewing new words every day. B. By studying the usage of the new word at night. C. By connecting the new word with the “old” ones. D. By applying the new word to daily conversations. 15. A. Desire to learn a new language. B. Anxiety to visit a community. C. Eagerness to have more sleep. D. Wish to be connected. 16. A. Roles of dreams in school life. B. Right attitudes towards language learning. C. Connections between dreams and language learning. D. Effective ways to memorize foreign language vocabulary. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. 13 years. B. 17 years. C. 20 years. D. 24 years. 18. A. The pressure from his competitors. B. The high expectation from his parents. C. The unforgettable matches he played on court. D. The prizes he received from winning the championships. 19. A. Because he had an operation but got well soon. B. Because he didn’t have enough rest before the match. C. Because his family and team gave him a lot of support. D. Because his belief and desire to win worked and helped. 20. A. Talkative and inspiring. B. Talented and determined. C. Modest and humorous. D. Optimistic and realistic. II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 语法与词汇 Section A（语法填空） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early Death New research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you 21 (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have some good news for you. They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was 22 people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people 23 (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks. Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely 24 (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear 25 walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now. A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people 26 (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease — 27 the rest of the day was spent being inactive. Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for 28 heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity 29 fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop 30 (early) to get more steps in.” Section B（选词填空） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 31 . “The 32 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 33 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 34 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 35 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 36 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 37 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 38 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 39 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 40 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed, but according to a study of Russian readers, it doesn’t 41 how our brain understands written text. 42 , if you’re wondering whether you should be listening to podcasts or music while working, the study has some interesting points to make. In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting. “Overall, previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency and 43 , though their results varied,” write linguistics researcher Nina Zdorova and colleagues. “So far, none of the studies exploring the influence of noise 44 it in the framework of the language processing theories.” One of the language processing theories examined was the noisy channel model, which proposes that our brain deals with noise by looking at the meaning of 45 words more and at entire sentences less. We then use a bit of smart guesswork to 46 the overall meaning and relationships between words. The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding. By focusing less on the precise words, our brains can 47 some cognitive resources to deal with noise. To see how reading was affected by noise 48 these models, the researchers ran two experiments: one on auditory noise (71 participants) and one on visual noise (70 participants). When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading. This extra time could 49 the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed 50 . That’s a bit 51 considering previous studies, but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task, with the visual noise an uncomfortable distraction. “In both experiments, we observed that longer total reading time was 52 with an accuracy increase for incorrect sentences,” write the researchers. There’s a lot going on in this study, but overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory and an indication that auditory and visual noise doesn’t make us 53 any more or less on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading. With so many variables to measure in terms of what’s being read and what the 54 noise is, further study is required to learn more. 55 potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think. 41．A．reinforce B．estimate C．affect D．interpret 42．A．First of all B．For example C．Above all D．To start with 43．A．context B．efficiency C．comprehension D．device 44．A．evaluated B．identified C．established D．employed 45．A．individual B．different C．new D．unfamiliar 46．A．confirm B．imply C．refer D．infer 47．A．exploit B．spare C．commit D．consume 48．A．on account of B．regardless of C．in regard to D．in contrast to 49．A．make up for B．live up to C．catch up with D．put up with 50．A．declined B．shrank C．expanded D．increased 51．A．embarrassing B．depressing C．puzzling D．annoying 52．A．associated B．compared C．replaced D．mixed 53．A．take B．set C．rely D．base 54．A．accompanying B．strange C．deafening D．distant 55．A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Otherwise Section B （阅读理解） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. While police departments have used facial recognition tools for years, they’ve been limited to searching government-provided images, for example driver’s license photos. Now an app called Clearview AI can remove images of faces “from across the internet”—including social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, employment sites, even Venmo—gathering a database of more than 3 billion photos. “Until now, technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face has been forbidden because of its invasion of privacy.” Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies. New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.” We’ve been building toward this moment for a long time, said Adrian Chen in The California Sunday Magazine. In the late 1800s, the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first “method for identifying criminals based on their physical features,” using 11 physical measurements. But scale changes everything. The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition software plan.” All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition, said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano Lima in Politico.com, but “efforts to check its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on both sides of the Atlantic.” A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city. Even if some bans on the technology succeed, said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times, we’re still building an “observation society.” Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many. An entirely unregulated data industry is already creating “descriptions of who we are and what our interests are” by tracking our movements, purchases, and interactions. “We are being identified without our knowledge, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.” 56．So far Clearview’s customers are ______. A．investors of AI apps B．social media sites C．small groups of private users D．government departments 57．By “But scale changes everything.” (paragraph 2), the author means that ______. A．facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose B．people should be scanned through more available physical measurements C．border security inspection has brought commercialization of identification software D．widespread cheap images are becoming a drawback for facial recognition technology 58．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Rules concerning anti-invasion of privacy are practicable around the world. B．Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments. C．Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success. D．Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments. 59．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Facial recognition is under control B．Get your facial identification ready C．Your face is now public property D．Establish a larger face database (B) ▲ Allerton, Liverpool £590,000 A large-area lawn would look at home on a traditional red-brick campus. Six miles south of the University of Liverpool and the “knowledge quarter”, it is part of Allerton Priory, designed and built by Victorian gothic architect Alfred Waterhouse in the early 1800s for a local merchant and now separated into apartments. There’s a three-bedroom duplex (复式) on the lower ground and ground floor. The living room has floor-to-ceiling windows and views of the grounds, and there’s a private gate for residents leading to Allerton Manor sports car club. Fine & Country, 0151-947-0810 ▲ Halton, Lancashire £285,000 This environmentally-friendly home is in the eco-settlement of Forgebank in the village of Halton on the outskirts of Lancaster. It may suit the buyers—with conscience and cash—who have chosen to settle close to the city they studied in. The complex sits on the banks of the River Lune and next to the Forest of Bowland. A two-bedroom home covers 1,050 sq ft with a balcony. The funky yellow kitchen cabinetry is by local carpenters. The Modern House, 0203-795-5920 ▲ Eddington, Cambridge £689,950 The local government of Cambridge is developing a new sustainable residential district two miles north of the city centre with 3,000 homes, 2,000 postgraduate rooms for the University of Cambridge, sports facilities, a market square and park lot. One of the newest phases is Knights Park. There’s a two-bedroom, two-bathroom luxury flat on the fourth floor of the Florey building with no stamp duty to pay. Hill, 01223-607-200 ▲ City centre, Bristol £565,000 This two-bedroom, first-floor apartment is in a pastel-coloured, period townhouse (老式联排别墅指ancientness)on the waterfront in the heart of Bristol’s nightlife,(夜生活中心指modernity)with a parking space, a lift and views of the Floating Harbour and the Arnolfini arts centre. Beyond is the tree-lined Georgian gardens of Queen Square in the old town. The University of Bristol is a 30-minute walk away. Knight Frank, 0117-317-1996 60．Which of the following is TRUE about the house in Allerton? A．It enjoys an open and broad view of nearby grounds. B．It is located on the campus of the University of Liverpool. C．It houses the Allerton Manor sports car club on the second floor. D．It was designed in the early 18th century by a local merchant. 61．Which house advertised boasts a combination of modernity and ancientness? A．Allerton, Liverpool B．Halton, Lancashire C．Eddington, Cambridge D．City centre, Bristol 62．Alex and Susan, a newly married couple who love sports and own a car, are looking for a two-bedroom house property. They may contact _______ to ask for more information. A．Fine & Country B．The Modern House C．Hill D．Knight Frank (C) Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way — by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Esmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Esmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves. 63．The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A．repair rooms B．trading fairs C．business talks D．group meetings 64．Esmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ______. A．what caused the shipping accident B．when and where the shoes went missing C．whether it was all right to use their shoes D．how much they lost in the shipping accident 65．Esmeyer is most famous for ______. A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B．making records for any lost objects on the sea C．running a global currents research association D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 66．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To call people's attention to ocean pollution. B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D．To give advice on how to search for lost objects on the beach. Section C（六选四） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. 67 Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them. 68 If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. 69 Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. 70 The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. A．If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. B．In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models. C．Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. D．I was very proud of myself. E．But soon I grew bored. F．Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. 71._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.我逐渐明白，颜宁之所以被世界认可并被授予杰出女科学家称号是因她对卓越的追求和对研究的投入。(dawn) (汉译英) 73.那么多人报名参加city walk真是有些不可思议，这本是一个自我探究城市、自我放松的一个活动。(汉译英)（which） 74.一听说这款新上市的电动车打9折出售，消费者们纷纷涌入这家汽车销售店试驾。(flood) (汉译英) 75.比赛快结束时，乔丹(Jordan)投出了球，得分了! (as) (汉译英) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. Wu Lei在北京大学任教长达近二十年，工作出色，为此《中国日报》准备刊登他的照片。请你根据下面的提示，写一图片说明，简要介绍他的情况。 姓名：Wu Lei　　　性别：男　　　出生年月：1964年5月 职业：英语教师 简历：1985年大学毕业，从那时至今在北京大学任教。 主要事迹： 1．热爱教育事业； 2．刻苦钻研业务，专心搞好工作； 3．教学方法多样，课堂教学生动活泼； 4．多次被评为模范教师，深受师生尊敬和爱戴。 注意：词数120左右。 参考词汇：教育事业the educational cause ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（61北京）股份有限公司1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年高一必修第一册英语单元测试 Unit 3 Choices 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A policewoman. B. A waitress. C. A flight attendant. D. A pilot. 2. A. At 5:30. B. At 5:35. C. At 6:00. D. At 6:05. 3. A. Confusing. B. Enjoyable. C. Relaxing. D. Boring. 4. A. The play started early. B. She went back to get her ticket. C. Tom walked with her to the bus stop. D. It was a long way from the theatre. 5. A. Preparing his school project. B. Catching the school bus. C. Making the final touch on the food. D. Handing in his homework. 6. A. Return the dog to her relative. B. Place a ban on dogs. C. Clean her apartment. D. Stay with her relative. 7. A. Find another scale. B. Develop a fitness routine. C. Try another workout programme. D. Wait for the right time to exercise. 8. A. The mall must be overcrowded. B. It’s hard to find the way in the mall. C. They should come to the mall some other day. D. They can get into the mall through the south gate. 9. A. Tony hopes to change his role in the play. B. Tony lacks confidence in playing the part. C. Professor Wright will help Tony remember the lines. D. Professor Wright will give Tony hints during the show. 10. A. It was quite easy for them to climb Huashan. B. The man went to Huashan during the summer vacation. C. The woman didn’t reach all the mountain tops of Huashan. D. The weather was just fine when the woman climbed Huashan. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Making the wearer feel tired. B. Gradually weakening an adult’s eyes. C. The loss of vision in children. D. Permanent change of the eye structure. 12. A. Working hard. B. Wearing sunglasses. C. Watching TV in poor light. D. Reading in bed. 13. A. Ways of choosing eye glasses. B. Suggestions of eyesight protection. C. Untruths of eye glasses and eyesight. D. Proven facts of the benefits of eye glasses. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. By reviewing new words every day. B. By studying the usage of the new word at night. C. By connecting the new word with the “old” ones. D. By applying the new word to daily conversations. 15. A. Desire to learn a new language. B. Anxiety to visit a community. C. Eagerness to have more sleep. D. Wish to be connected. 16. A. Roles of dreams in school life. B. Right attitudes towards language learning. C. Connections between dreams and language learning. D. Effective ways to memorize foreign language vocabulary. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. 13 years. B. 17 years. C. 20 years. D. 24 years. 18. A. The pressure from his competitors. B. The high expectation from his parents. C. The unforgettable matches he played on court. D. The prizes he received from winning the championships. 19. A. Because he had an operation but got well soon. B. Because he didn’t have enough rest before the match. C. Because his family and team gave him a lot of support. D. Because his belief and desire to win worked and helped. 20. A. Talkative and inspiring. B. Talented and determined. C. Modest and humorous. D. Optimistic and realistic. II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 语法与词汇 Section A（语法填空） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early Death New research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you 21 (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have some good news for you. They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was 22 people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people 23 (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks. Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely 24 (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear 25 walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now. A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people 26 (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease — 27 the rest of the day was spent being inactive. Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for 28 heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity 29 fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop 30 (early) to get more steps in.” Section B（选词填空） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 31 . “The 32 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 33 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 34 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 35 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 36 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 37 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 38 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 39 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 40 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A（完形填空） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Background noise—like the chatter in a coffee shop or the drone of passing traffic—might slow our reading speed, but according to a study of Russian readers, it doesn’t 41 how our brain understands written text. 42 , if you’re wondering whether you should be listening to podcasts or music while working, the study has some interesting points to make. In particular, it examined how we might change our reading style to compensate for auditory noise and visual distractions such as typos or poor formatting. “Overall, previous studies reported a harmful effect of both auditory and visual noise on reading fluency and 43 , though their results varied,” write linguistics researcher Nina Zdorova and colleagues. “So far, none of the studies exploring the influence of noise 44 it in the framework of the language processing theories.” One of the language processing theories examined was the noisy channel model, which proposes that our brain deals with noise by looking at the meaning of 45 words more and at entire sentences less. We then use a bit of smart guesswork to 46 the overall meaning and relationships between words. The second theory is the good enough model; that’s when our brains aren’t analyzing every single detail of a text but instead only grabbing enough words for a ‘good enough’ understanding. By focusing less on the precise words, our brains can 47 some cognitive resources to deal with noise. To see how reading was affected by noise 48 these models, the researchers ran two experiments: one on auditory noise (71 participants) and one on visual noise (70 participants). When it came to the auditory noise test, background chatter from overlapping podcasts caused people to spend longer looking at the key section of sentences before completing their reading. This extra time could 49 the noise, meaning sentence comprehension isn’t affected by it. In the visual noise test, comprehension remained the same while reading speed 50 . That’s a bit 51 considering previous studies, but the researchers think people just wanted to finish the task, with the visual noise an uncomfortable distraction. “In both experiments, we observed that longer total reading time was 52 with an accuracy increase for incorrect sentences,” write the researchers. There’s a lot going on in this study, but overall it’s a bigger win for the good-enough language processing theory and an indication that auditory and visual noise doesn’t make us 53 any more or less on any particular comprehension method while we’re reading. With so many variables to measure in terms of what’s being read and what the 54 noise is, further study is required to learn more. 55 potential distractions may not interrupt your reading as much as you think. 41．A．reinforce B．estimate C．affect D．interpret 42．A．First of all B．For example C．Above all D．To start with 43．A．context B．efficiency C．comprehension D．device 44．A．evaluated B．identified C．established D．employed 45．A．individual B．different C．new D．unfamiliar 46．A．confirm B．imply C．refer D．infer 47．A．exploit B．spare C．commit D．consume 48．A．on account of B．regardless of C．in regard to D．in contrast to 49．A．make up for B．live up to C．catch up with D．put up with 50．A．declined B．shrank C．expanded D．increased 51．A．embarrassing B．depressing C．puzzling D．annoying 52．A．associated B．compared C．replaced D．mixed 53．A．take B．set C．rely D．base 54．A．accompanying B．strange C．deafening D．distant 55．A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Otherwise Section B （阅读理解） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. While police departments have used facial recognition tools for years, they’ve been limited to searching government-provided images, for example driver’s license photos. Now an app called Clearview AI can remove images of faces “from across the internet”—including social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, employment sites, even Venmo—gathering a database of more than 3 billion photos. “Until now, technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face has been forbidden because of its invasion of privacy.” Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies. New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.” We’ve been building toward this moment for a long time, said Adrian Chen in The California Sunday Magazine. In the late 1800s, the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first “method for identifying criminals based on their physical features,” using 11 physical measurements. But scale changes everything. The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition software plan.” All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition, said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano Lima in Politico.com, but “efforts to check its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on both sides of the Atlantic.” A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city. Even if some bans on the technology succeed, said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times, we’re still building an “observation society.” Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many. An entirely unregulated data industry is already creating “descriptions of who we are and what our interests are” by tracking our movements, purchases, and interactions. “We are being identified without our knowledge, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.” 56．So far Clearview’s customers are ______. A．investors of AI apps B．social media sites C．small groups of private users D．government departments 57．By “But scale changes everything.” (paragraph 2), the author means that ______. A．facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose B．people should be scanned through more available physical measurements C．border security inspection has brought commercialization of identification software D．widespread cheap images are becoming a drawback for facial recognition technology 58．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Rules concerning anti-invasion of privacy are practicable around the world. B．Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments. C．Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success. D．Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments. 59．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Facial recognition is under control B．Get your facial identification ready C．Your face is now public property D．Establish a larger face database (B) ▲ Allerton, Liverpool £590,000 A large-area lawn would look at home on a traditional red-brick campus. Six miles south of the University of Liverpool and the “knowledge quarter”, it is part of Allerton Priory, designed and built by Victorian gothic architect Alfred Waterhouse in the early 1800s for a local merchant and now separated into apartments. There’s a three-bedroom duplex (复式) on the lower ground and ground floor. The living room has floor-to-ceiling windows and views of the grounds, and there’s a private gate for residents leading to Allerton Manor sports car club. Fine & Country, 0151-947-0810 ▲ Halton, Lancashire £285,000 This environmentally-friendly home is in the eco-settlement of Forgebank in the village of Halton on the outskirts of Lancaster. It may suit the buyers—with conscience and cash—who have chosen to settle close to the city they studied in. The complex sits on the banks of the River Lune and next to the Forest of Bowland. A two-bedroom home covers 1,050 sq ft with a balcony. The funky yellow kitchen cabinetry is by local carpenters. The Modern House, 0203-795-5920 ▲ Eddington, Cambridge £689,950 The local government of Cambridge is developing a new sustainable residential district two miles north of the city centre with 3,000 homes, 2,000 postgraduate rooms for the University of Cambridge, sports facilities, a market square and park lot. One of the newest phases is Knights Park. There’s a two-bedroom, two-bathroom luxury flat on the fourth floor of the Florey building with no stamp duty to pay. Hill, 01223-607-200 ▲ City centre, Bristol £565,000 This two-bedroom, first-floor apartment is in a pastel-coloured, period townhouse (老式联排别墅指ancientness)on the waterfront in the heart of Bristol’s nightlife,(夜生活中心指modernity)with a parking space, a lift and views of the Floating Harbour and the Arnolfini arts centre. Beyond is the tree-lined Georgian gardens of Queen Square in the old town. The University of Bristol is a 30-minute walk away. Knight Frank, 0117-317-1996 60．Which of the following is TRUE about the house in Allerton? A．It enjoys an open and broad view of nearby grounds. B．It is located on the campus of the University of Liverpool. C．It houses the Allerton Manor sports car club on the second floor. D．It was designed in the early 18th century by a local merchant. 61．Which house advertised boasts a combination of modernity and ancientness? A．Allerton, Liverpool B．Halton, Lancashire C．Eddington, Cambridge D．City centre, Bristol 62．Alex and Susan, a newly married couple who love sports and own a car, are looking for a two-bedroom house property. They may contact _______ to ask for more information. A．Fine & Country B．The Modern House C．Hill D．Knight Frank (C) Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way — by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Esmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Esmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves. 63．The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A．repair rooms B．trading fairs C．business talks D．group meetings 64．Esmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ______. A．what caused the shipping accident B．when and where the shoes went missing C．whether it was all right to use their shoes D．how much they lost in the shipping accident 65．Esmeyer is most famous for ______. A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B．making records for any lost objects on the sea C．running a global currents research association D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 66．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A．To call people's attention to ocean pollution. B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D．To give advice on how to search for lost objects on the beach. Section C（六选四） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. 67 Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them. 68 If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. 69 Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. 70 The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. A．If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. B．In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models. C．Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. D．I was very proud of myself. E．But soon I grew bored. F．Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. IV.Summary Writing（写作概要）(共20分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. 71._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)（翻译） Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72.我逐渐明白，颜宁之所以被世界认可并被授予杰出女科学家称号是因她对卓越的追求和对研究的投入。(dawn) (汉译英) 73.那么多人报名参加city walk真是有些不可思议，这本是一个自我探究城市、自我放松的一个活动。(汉译英)（which） 74.一听说这款新上市的电动车打9折出售，消费者们纷纷涌入这家汽车销售店试驾。(flood) (汉译英) 75.比赛快结束时，乔丹(Jordan)投出了球，得分了! (as) (汉译英) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 作文 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. Wu Lei在北京大学任教长达近二十年，工作出色，为此《中国日报》准备刊登他的照片。请你根据下面的提示，写一图片说明，简要介绍他的情况。 姓名：Wu Lei　　　性别：男　　　出生年月：1964年5月 职业：英语教师 简历：1985年大学毕业，从那时至今在北京大学任教。 主要事迹： 1．热爱教育事业； 2．刻苦钻研业务，专心搞好工作； 3．教学方法多样，课堂教学生动活泼； 4．多次被评为模范教师，深受师生尊敬和爱戴。 注意：词数120左右。 参考词汇：教育事业the educational cause ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（61北京）股份有限公司1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$