上教版上海高一英语 必修第一册Unit3 Life in a day 语法 被动语态语法学案 定语从句以及关系代词 语法详解

第三单元语法详解 本单元语法重点是： 定语从句以及关系代词； 第一部分：定语从句 （一）定语：修饰名词或者代词的部分，在句子中作定语 （二）．定语从句概述 定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。 定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。 （三）．定语从句的引导词。 定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose ）和关系副词（ when, where, why ），引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。 关系代词 指人：Who(主宾）whom(宾）whose(定）that(主宾表） 指物：which(主宾）that(主宾表） 关系副词 时间：when（状） 地点：where（状） 原因(reason）why（状） （四）．关系代词 1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。 This is the photo that I took in the country. He is the singer that I met yesterday. 2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句 The film which we saw last night was moving. 3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。 The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster. The man who you just talked to is Tom. 4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。 That is the professor whom you want to know. 5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。 I know the boy whose parents are dead. I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty. 注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法 关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况: 1 . 先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot , none , few 等不定代词时。 Eg: My mother was so proud of all that I didt 2 . 先行词有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。 e.g. This is the very book that I’m looking for . 3 . 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。 e.g. This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen . When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake . 4 . the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用that 或as引导 , 但意义不同。 e.g. This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一) This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个) 6 . There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导 , 不用which 。 e.g. There’s a seat in the corner that is still free . 7 . 句子前面出现了who , which 时 , 后面的定语从句用that引导。 e.g. They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before . Who i