热点话题01 传染病的防治——基孔肯雅热（阅读专练）英语高考复习通用版

热点话题01 传染病的防治——基孔肯雅热 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 文章讲述了基孔肯雅热的传播途径，控制方法及人们日常生活中应该注意的事项。 【原文·时文阅读】 （文章来源：https://apnews.com/article/china-chikungunya-outbreak-mosquito-dengue-fever-dcd1d67ce75e72118b5d5dcd3750d902） China is experiencing an outbreak of chikungunya, a mosquito-borne infection, with thousands of cases reported in the south. Chikungunya fever cases jumped to 4,014 on Friday, representing a rapid rise in numbers since authorities started tracking cases two weeks ago, according to public records released by health departments in districts in Foshan. The city in China’s southern province Guangdong has been heavily impacted by the surge in infections. The chikungunya outbreak remains “quite severe,” Sun Yang, deputy director of the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said at a news conference on Wednesday in Foshan. Chikungunya is spread to people by the bites of infected mosquitoes. It causes fever and severe joint pain, but deaths are rare, according to the World Health Organization. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has issued various advisories on how to prevent chikungunya fever and dengue fever, a similar disease also spread by mosquitoes. Physical protection barriers, such as screen doors, mosquito nets for beds and mosquito repellent on exposed skin, was recommended. It said that the epidemic was “imported” without specifying from where. The Chinese agency also called for people who have symptoms like fever, rash and joint pain to see a doctor. Shunde district in Foshan, where 90% of the cases are located, is famous for its Cantonese food, and sees many visitors each year. Patients who tested positive for chikungunya fever stayed in hospital beds covered by mosquito nets, according to photos shown on state-run broadcaster CCTV. Local media reports said on Thursday that local authorities had almost doubled the number of mosquito-proof isolation beds to 7,220 to meet the growing demand. Authorities in Guangdong are urging residents to make sure there’s no standing water in their homes, such as in flowerpots, coffee machines or spare bottles. The Health Commission in Foshan stated on Thursday that a fine of up to 10,000 yuan ($1,400) could be applied if violations are found. The Beijing CDC said on Tuesday that the city occasionally experiences imported cases of chikungunya fever. There are two chikungunya vaccines that have received regulatory approvals in several countries and/or have been recommended for use in populations at risk, but the vaccines are neither widely available nor in widespread use, according to WHO. China had its first chikungunya spike in 2010 with 253 cases in Dongguan, a nearby city in the same province, according to the Guangdong provincial CDC. Several cases were found in years since then, but they weren’t widespread. The country’s first case was imported in 1987, according to research papers and media reports. 【原创·阅读理解】 1.Which of the following is spread by mosquitoes? A. joint pain B.high fever C. dengue fever D.rash 2.Which city has been heavily impacted by the infections? A. Foshan B.Dongguan C.Beijing D.Guangzhou 3.Which is not the correct way to control the chikungunya? A.screen doors B.mosquito nets C.mosquito repellent D.surgical mask 4.Which of the following can be found, you will be fined? A.drinking water B.flowerpots with standing water C.kitchen sink D.washing basin 【课标词汇积累】 1.represent v.代表, 象征 ● This graph represents the average scores of our class in math. 这张图表代表了我们班数学的平均分。 2.track n.小道, 跑道, 足迹, 路径 v.跟踪, 追踪…的动向, 跟踪摄影, 留下足迹 ●We should track our study progress to see where we need improvement.  我们应该跟踪学习进度，看看哪里需要改进。 3.impact n.影响, 作用, 冲击力; v.对…有影响, 冲击, 撞击 ●Lack of sleep can have a negative impact on your exam performance.  睡眠不足会对考试成绩产生负面影响。 4.spread v.开展, 伸开, 传播, 涂, 分摊; n.散布, 广泛 ●The rumor about the exam being canceled quickly spread among students. 关于考试取消的谣言在学生中迅速传播。 5.severe adj.十分严重的, 极为恶劣的, 严厉的, 苛刻的 ●The teacher gave a severe warning to students who cheated on the test.  老师对考试作弊的学生发出了严厉警告。 6.infect v.传染, 使感染（计算机病毒/情感）, 影响 ●His enthusiasm for physics infected the whole class. 他对物理的热情感染了整个班级。 7.similar adj.类似的 ● The two math problems are similar, so if you solve one, you can solve the other.  这两道数学题相似，所以如果你会做一道，另一道也能做。 8.isolation n.隔离, 隔离状态, 孤独, 孤立状态 ●Studying in isolation without discussing with classmates can be less effective. 独自学习而不和同学讨论，效果可能较差。 9.recommend v.推荐, 介绍, 劝告，建议, 使受欢迎 ●The teacher recommended a few useful apps for learning English. 老师推荐了几个有用的英语学习应用。 10.occasionally adv.偶尔, 偶然, 有时候 ●We occasionally have surprise quizzes in English class. 我们英语课上偶尔会有突击小测验。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.She was chosen to _____________ our school in the national debate competition. 2.The teacher uses an app to _____________ students' homework completion. 3.The new teaching method has made a big _____________ on our learning. 4.We should _____________ our study time evenly instead of cramming at the last minute. 5.The _____________ competition for top universities makes students study harder. 6.A positive attitude can _____________ others and make the classroom more lively. 7.Many students have _____________ difficulties in understanding this concept. 8.During the pandemic, some students felt lonely due to _____________ from friends. 9.I _____________ reviewing your notes every day instead of just before exams. 10.Even though he studies hard, he _____________ takes breaks to relax. 【参考译文】 中国正经历基孔肯雅热疫情暴发，这种由蚊子传播的疾病在南方地区已报告数千例。根据佛山市卫生部门公布的公共记录显示，截至周五，基孔肯雅热病例数已攀升至4014例，较两周前开始追踪病例以来的数字呈现快速增长态势。广东省会佛山受到感染激增的严重影响。国家疾病预防控制中心副主任孙阳周三在佛山举行的新闻发布会上表示，此次基孔肯雅热疫情仍“相当严峻”。世界卫生组织指出，该病毒通过受感染蚊虫叮咬传播，可引发发热和严重关节疼痛，但致死率较低。中国疾控中心已发布多项关于预防基孔肯雅热和登革热（同为蚊媒疾病）的指南，建议采取物理防护措施，如安装纱门、使用蚊帐及涂抹驱蚊剂。该机构称此次疫情属于“输入性”传播，但未具体说明来源地。同时呼吁出现发热、皮疹和关节疼痛等症状者及时就医。佛山顺德区作为广东美食之都，每年吸引大量游客前来，目前集中了90%的病例。根据央视播出的画面显示，确诊基孔肯雅热的患者都躺在蚊帐覆盖的病床上。地方媒体周四报道称，为满足日益增长的需求，广东省当局已将防蚊隔离床位数量增加近一倍至7220张。当地卫生部门呼吁居民注意家中积水问题，比如花盆、咖啡机或备用瓶等容器。佛山市卫生健康委员会周四表示，若发现违规行为可处以最高1万元（约合1400美元）罚款。北京市疾控中心周二指出，该市偶有输入性基孔肯雅热病例。世界卫生组织数据显示，目前有两种获多国监管批准或推荐用于高危人群的疫苗，但尚未广泛普及。广东省疾控中心透露，中国首例基孔肯雅热疫情出现在2010年，当时邻近的东莞地区报告了253例。此后虽有零星病例，但未形成大规模传播。据研究论文和媒体报道，中国首例输入性病例可追溯至1987年。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2025·四川省绵阳市大联考高三下学期第三次诊断性测试） Scientists in Brazil are releasing genetically modified (改良的) mosquitoes to contain the massive outbreak of dengue fever, a mosquito-borne illness. More than a million cases of the viral infection have been reported in the first two months of 2024, twice more than what were reported in the same period in 2023. In February, Rio de Janeiro declared the outbreak a public health emergency after the city recorded more than 42,000 cases of the disease. In Brazil, the disease is constantly circulating. Between 2003 and 2019, more than 11 million cases were reported in the country, with peak transmission normally occurring during the annual rainy season from October to May. Unusually, large outbreaks occur roughly every three to four years. Only one in four people infected with the dengue virus develop mild symptoms, which generally clear within two to seven days. However, the disease can sometimes progress and become severe, leading to hospitalization and possibly death. Faced with a rising number of dengue cases, health authorities in Brazil are testing alternative approaches to control the spread of the disease, including the use of genetically modified mosquitoes, a solution proposed by biotech company Oxitec. The company breeds male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes—the species that spreads the dengue fever virus to humans—that are genetically modified to carry a gene that kills any female offspring they spawn (产卵). Dengue fever is spread through the bites of female A．aegypti mosquitoes, so releasing these modified mosquitoes into a region can help reduce the number of pests that can spread the virus to people. The eggs of Oxitec’s modified male mosquitoes are placed in boxes and then hatched with the addition of water. The modified mosquitoes “complete the cycle inside these boxes in about ten days and the adult insects come out to do their work,” Natalia Ferreira, Oxitec’s general manager said. The approach can reduce A．aegypti population numbers by up to 90 percent in regions where the genetically modified mosquitoes are released. There have been concerns that these genetically modified mosquitoes sometimes produce offspring that can survive to pass on their genes to native insects. But so far, there’s no evidence to suggest this could harm humans. 1．Why are genetically modified mosquitoes being released in Brazil? A．To get rid of mosquitoes. B．To increase the biodiversity. C．To reduce dengue fever cases. D．To improve mosquito genes. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Hot and dry weather speeds up the virus transmission. B．25% of the infected people develop severe symptoms. C．There is an outbreak of dengue fever every four years. D．Dengue fever is widespread and reappearing in Brazil. 3．How do the modified mosquitoes work? A．By killing live female mosquitoes. B．By cutting down on female offspring. C．By stopping mosquitoes from hatching. D．By relieving the infectious symptoms. 4．What concerns people about the modified mosquitoes? A．They affect local species. B．They increase dengue cases. C．They are a threat to humans. D．They grow too fast to control. 【长难句分析】 【文章原句】Faced with a rising number of dengue cases, health authorities in Brazil are testing alternative approaches to control the spread of the disease, including the use of genetically modified mosquitoes, a solution proposed by biotech company Oxitec. 【句式分析】 这个句子是一个包含多个修饰成分的复杂句，"Faced with a rising number of dengue cases" 过去分词短语作原因状语，to control the spread of the disease是目的状语，a solution proposed by biotech company Oxitec.是同位语。 【翻译】面对登革热病例的增加，巴西卫生当局正在测试控制疾病传播的替代方法，包括使用转基因蚊子，这是生物技术公司Oxitec提出的解决方案。 Passage2阅读理解 （2025·浙江省衢州、丽水、湖州三地市高三下学期4月教学质量检测（二模）） As the proverb says, a straw shows which way the wind blows. A new study published by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that the H5N1 bird flu virus is probably circulating undetected in domestic animals in many parts of the country and may be infecting unaware vets (兽医). In the health agency’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, a group of researchers from the CDC, the Ohio Department of Health and the American Association of Bovine Practitioners reported the results of analysis they conducted on 150 cow vets from 46 states and Canada. They found that three of them had antibodies for the H5N1 bird flu virus in their blood. However, none of the infected vets recalled having any symptoms, including conjunctivitis, or pink eye, the most commonly reported symptom in human cases. Seema Lakdawala, a microbiologist at Emory University in Atlanta, who was not involved in the research, said she was surprised that only 2% of the vets surveyed tested positive for the antibodies, considering another CDC study showed that 17% of dairy workers sampled had been infected. But she said she was even more surprised that none of them had known they were infected or that they had worked with infected animals. “These surprising results indicate that serum surveillance (血清检测) studies are important to inform risk of infections that are going unnoticed,” she said. “Vets are on the front line of the outbreak, and increased biosafety practices like respiratory and eye protection should reduce their exposure risk.” Jennifer Nuzzo, director of the Pandemic Center at Brown University, described the study as “good and bad news study.” “On the one hand, we see concerning evidence that there may be more H5N1 outbreaks on farms than being reported,” she said, “On the other hand, I’m reassured that there isn’t evidence that infections among vets have been widespread.” However, John Korslund, a U. S. Department of Agriculture scientist, said that finding H5N1 antibodies in the blood of vets was an “interesting but very imprecise way to measure state cattle incidence, so we need follow-up study.” 5．Why is the proverb in paragraph l mentioned? A．To describe a fact. B．To introduce the study. C．To explain an issue. D．To present an opinion. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The findings of the analysis. B．The symptoms of the vets. C．The causes of H5N1 bird flu. D．The basic logic of the study. 7．What surprised Seema Lakdawala the most? A．The infected vets’ unawareness of the issue. B．The 17% infection rate among dairy workers. C．The high number of positive test results in vets. D．The risk of unrecognized infections in cows and vets. 8．What aspect should be improved in the follow-up study? A．The size of the tested group. B．The individual samples. C．The data analysis procedure. D．The measuring method. 【词汇积累】 1.proverb n.谚语，格言, 话柄 2.domestic adj.国内的, 家用的, 喜爱家庭生活的, 驯养的; n.家佣，家政工 3.analysis n.分析（报告） 4.symptom n.症状, 征兆 5.vet vt.审查, 诊疗, 检查; vi.当兽医; n.老兵 6.involve v.包含，涉及, （使）加入, 表明… 7.imprecise adj.不精确的，不确定的, 含糊不清 Passage 3 7选5 （2025·广西普通高等学校招生押题卷（一）） Bird flu: What threat to humans? There are lots of different types of bird flu and most are harmless to people. Some can potentially spread from birds to people if there is prolonged and close contact. How do people get it? The biggest risk comes from prolonged and close contact with infected birds. 1 . Bird flu cannot usually be passed from human to human. Scientists are concerned that the virus may one day mutate (变异) and acquire the ability to spread in people. What are the symptoms? The symptoms in humans are similar to those of other types of flu: a temperature, cough, headache, chills, aching muscles and a runny or blocked nose and sneezing. 2 , and usually about three to five days after coming into contact with the virus. What’s the treatment? If it’s thought that you might have symptoms of bird flu, you’ll be advised to stay at home, or you’ll be cared for in hospital in isolation from other patients. Doctors can prescribe antiviral medicines to help prevent complications. 3 . 4 ? You can reduce your risk of infection by washing your hands regularly (particularly after going to the toilet and before handling food) and using a tissue when you need to cough or sneeze (and turning away from others if they are coughing/sneezing). You can feed wild ducks and birds, but make sure you wash your hands thoroughly afterwards. Do not go near sick or dead birds. Can I still eat chicken? 5 . Poultry and eggs can be safely eaten as long as they are handled hygienically and cooked thoroughly. A．How can we avoid it B．How can we prevent the spread of it C．These symptoms can come on suddenly D．You are advised to consult doctors when not feeling yourself E．Painkillers such as paracetamol can also help with the symptoms F．The virus is easily destroyed by cooking so there is no reason to worry G．This means farmers who need to handle poultry are more likely to catch it Passage 4 完形填空 （2025届江苏省苏锡常镇高三下学期二模） When five-year-old Betsy had a fever, the doctor put it down to a virus. But Betsy’s mother Charlotte had a 1 that something was very wrong. So she 2 the doctor again and blood tests were arranged. Days later, Charlotte received a call asking her to take Betsy to hospital to be given the 3 · Panic 4 , and her body was trembling until she got to the hospital.With her husband Christian, a horse 5 , they went into a room where they received the terrible news. She knew it was going to be bad,   6 it still hit her like a bus. Betsy had leukemia (白 血病) and she was immediately 7 to hospital. Within two days,chemotherapy (化疗) had started. The treatment was long and tiring and the first six weeks were particularly 8 . Just six weeks into Betsy's 9 , Kitty’s Light, the racehorse trained by her dad, won the Scottish Grand National, 10 the family to experience happiness in the darkest of times. It was just the thing the family needed. After that Betsy would try to make it to the races to 11 Kitty’s Light. It changed things for them, and gave them a(n) 12 .….something to look forward to. Now Betsy is in the maintenance phase. Her hair is growing 13 too; she is able to play with her older sister. Kitty’s Light has completely changed their outlook on everything and they are now determined to find 14 in everyday life. It could be something as simple as sitting in the sunshine with the girls, 15 activities like birthdays or Kitty’s Light’s success. 1．A．plan B．suggestion C．burden D．feeling 2．A．approached B．thanked C．told D．blamed 3．A．warning B．result C．support D．medicine 4．A．set up B．set back C．set aside D．set in 5．A．rider B．seller C．trainer D．feeder 6．A．for B．but C．or D．while 7．A．admitted B．sent C．transferred D．rushed 8．A．smooth B．relaxing C．strange D．difficult 9．A．disease B．exercise C．treatment D．examination 10．A．following B．allowing C．signaling D．requiring 11．A．cheer on B．look for C．chase after D．play with 12．A．ambition B．focus C．measure D．challenge 13．A．up B．apart C．back D．on 14．A．change B．difference C．success D．pleasure 15．A．family B．business C．sports D．community Passage 5 语法填空 （2025·甘肃省天水市麦积区新梦想高考复读学校模拟预测（B）） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Back in 1 late 1700s, long before people understood the reason behind immunity, farmers and doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids (挤奶女工) and other people who got a mild disease called cowpox (牛痘) seldom caught its fearsome cousin, smallpox (天花). Was there a connection? Some decided there was and inserted (嵌入的) material from the cowpox into an incision they cut on the arm of healthy people, thus somehow 2 (protect) them from smallpox. In 1798, a doctor named Edward Jenner published the results of his experiments using this procedure, earning 3 (he) fame as the “Father of Immunology”. Scientists later figured out that cowpox somehow protected one from smallpox. When people caught cowpox, their bodies made special cells 4 (call) antibodies. They fought the disease. That’s not all. They stayed in the blood 5 case the disease ever returned. Because cowpox and smallpox are fairly similar, if a person was later exposed to the more serious disease, antibodies were ready 6 (fight) it too. That knowledge helped scientists develop vaccines. The term vaccination originated from Latin. They contain the viruses, weakened, dead or modified (改良的). Injected into the blood, they trick the immune system into making antibodies. 7 the body ever meets with those same 8 (virus), even at full strength, the antibodies make short work of them. Vaccination prior to 9 (expose) to the virus is ideal. But a vaccination given within three days of exposure will 10 (complete) prevent or significantly modify smallpox in the majority of people and given within the first four to seven days will likely offer some protection or soften the disease. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题01 传染病的防治——基孔肯雅热 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 文章讲述了基孔肯雅热的传播途径，控制方法及人们日常生活中应该注意的事项。 【原文·时文阅读】 （文章来源：https://apnews.com/article/china-chikungunya-outbreak-mosquito-dengue-fever-dcd1d67ce75e72118b5d5dcd3750d902） China is experiencing an outbreak of chikungunya, a mosquito-borne infection, with thousands of cases reported in the south. Chikungunya fever cases jumped to 4,014 on Friday, representing a rapid rise in numbers since authorities started tracking cases two weeks ago, according to public records released by health departments in districts in Foshan. The city in China’s southern province Guangdong has been heavily impacted by the surge in infections. The chikungunya outbreak remains “quite severe,” Sun Yang, deputy director of the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said at a news conference on Wednesday in Foshan. Chikungunya is spread to people by the bites of infected mosquitoes. It causes fever and severe joint pain, but deaths are rare, according to the World Health Organization. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has issued various advisories on how to prevent chikungunya fever and dengue fever, a similar disease also spread by mosquitoes. Physical protection barriers, such as screen doors, mosquito nets for beds and mosquito repellent on exposed skin, was recommended. It said that the epidemic was “imported” without specifying from where. The Chinese agency also called for people who have symptoms like fever, rash and joint pain to see a doctor. Shunde district in Foshan, where 90% of the cases are located, is famous for its Cantonese food, and sees many visitors each year. Patients who tested positive for chikungunya fever stayed in hospital beds covered by mosquito nets, according to photos shown on state-run broadcaster CCTV. Local media reports said on Thursday that local authorities had almost doubled the number of mosquito-proof isolation beds to 7,220 to meet the growing demand. Authorities in Guangdong are urging residents to make sure there’s no standing water in their homes, such as in flowerpots, coffee machines or spare bottles. The Health Commission in Foshan stated on Thursday that a fine of up to 10,000 yuan ($1,400) could be applied if violations are found. The Beijing CDC said on Tuesday that the city occasionally experiences imported cases of chikungunya fever. There are two chikungunya vaccines that have received regulatory approvals in several countries and/or have been recommended for use in populations at risk, but the vaccines are neither widely available nor in widespread use, according to WHO. China had its first chikungunya spike in 2010 with 253 cases in Dongguan, a nearby city in the same province, according to the Guangdong provincial CDC. Several cases were found in years since then, but they weren’t widespread. The country’s first case was imported in 1987, according to research papers and media reports. 【原创·阅读理解】 1.Which of the following is spread by mosquitoes? A. joint pain B.high fever C. dengue fever D.rash C细节理解题。根据文章中的The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has issued various advisories on how to prevent chikungunya fever and dengue fever, a similar disease also spread by mosquitoes.中国疾病预防控制中心发布了各种关于如何预防基孔肯雅热和登革热的咨询意见，这是一种类似的由蚊子传播的疾病。可知，dengue fever也是由蚊子传播的传染病。故选C。 2.Which city has been heavily impacted by the infections? A. Foshan B.Dongguan C.Beijing D.Guangzhou A细节理解题。根据文章中的The city in China’s southern province Guangdong has been heavily impacted by the surge in infections.可知，Foshan受到感染激增的严重影响。故选A。 3.Which is not the correct way to control the chikungunya? A.screen doors B.mosquito nets C.mosquito repellent D.surgical mask D细节理解题。根据文章中的Physical protection barriers, such as screen doors, mosquito nets for beds and mosquito repellent on exposed skin, was recommended.可知，surgical mask不是控制基孔肯雅的方法，因为它不是通过呼吸传染的。故选D。 4.Which of the following can be found, you will be fined? A.drinking water B.flowerpots with standing water C.kitchen sink D.washing basin B细节理解题。根据文章中的Authorities in Guangdong are urging residents to make sure there’s no standing water in their homes, such as in flowerpots, coffee machines or spare bottles. The Health Commission in Foshan stated on Thursday that a fine of up to 10,000 yuan ($1,400) could be applied if violations are found.可知，广东省有关部门呼吁居民注意家中是否有积水，比如花盆、咖啡机或备用瓶等。佛山市卫生委员会周四表示，如果发现违规行为，将处以最高1万元的罚款。故选B。 【课标词汇积累】 1.represent v.代表, 象征 ● This graph represents the average scores of our class in math. 这张图表代表了我们班数学的平均分。 2.track n.小道, 跑道, 足迹, 路径 v.跟踪, 追踪…的动向, 跟踪摄影, 留下足迹 ●We should track our study progress to see where we need improvement.  我们应该跟踪学习进度，看看哪里需要改进。 3.impact n.影响, 作用, 冲击力; v.对…有影响, 冲击, 撞击 ●Lack of sleep can have a negative impact on your exam performance.  睡眠不足会对考试成绩产生负面影响。 4.spread v.开展, 伸开, 传播, 涂, 分摊; n.散布, 广泛 ●The rumor about the exam being canceled quickly spread among students. 关于考试取消的谣言在学生中迅速传播。 5.severe adj.十分严重的, 极为恶劣的, 严厉的, 苛刻的 ●The teacher gave a severe warning to students who cheated on the test.  老师对考试作弊的学生发出了严厉警告。 6.infect v.传染, 使感染（计算机病毒/情感）, 影响 ●His enthusiasm for physics infected the whole class. 他对物理的热情感染了整个班级。 7.similar adj.类似的 ● The two math problems are similar, so if you solve one, you can solve the other.  这两道数学题相似，所以如果你会做一道，另一道也能做。 8.isolation n.隔离, 隔离状态, 孤独, 孤立状态 ●Studying in isolation without discussing with classmates can be less effective. 独自学习而不和同学讨论，效果可能较差。 9.recommend v.推荐, 介绍, 劝告，建议, 使受欢迎 ●The teacher recommended a few useful apps for learning English. 老师推荐了几个有用的英语学习应用。 10.occasionally adv.偶尔, 偶然, 有时候 ●We occasionally have surprise quizzes in English class. 我们英语课上偶尔会有突击小测验。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.She was chosen to _____________ our school in the national debate competition. 2.The teacher uses an app to _____________ students' homework completion. 3.The new teaching method has made a big _____________ on our learning. 4.We should _____________ our study time evenly instead of cramming at the last minute. 5.The _____________ competition for top universities makes students study harder. 6.A positive attitude can _____________ others and make the classroom more lively. 7.Many students have _____________ difficulties in understanding this concept. 8.During the pandemic, some students felt lonely due to _____________ from friends. 9.I _____________ reviewing your notes every day instead of just before exams. 10.Even though he studies hard, he _____________ takes breaks to relax. Keys: 1.represent她被选中代表我们学校参加全国辩论赛。 2.track老师用一个应用来追踪学生的作业完成情况。 3.impact新的教学方法对我们的学习产生了很大影响。 4.spread我们应该分散学习时间，而不是临时抱佛脚。 5.severe顶尖大学的激烈竞争让学生们更加努力学习。 6.infect 积极的态度可以感染他人，让课堂更有活力。 7.similar许多学生在理解这个概念上有相似的困难。 8.isolation疫情期间，一些学生因与朋友隔离而感到孤独。 9.recommend我建议每天复习笔记，而不是只在考试前复习。 10.occasionally尽管他学习很努力，但他偶尔会休息放松一下。 【参考译文】 中国正经历基孔肯雅热疫情暴发，这种由蚊子传播的疾病在南方地区已报告数千例。根据佛山市卫生部门公布的公共记录显示，截至周五，基孔肯雅热病例数已攀升至4014例，较两周前开始追踪病例以来的数字呈现快速增长态势。广东省会佛山受到感染激增的严重影响。国家疾病预防控制中心副主任孙阳周三在佛山举行的新闻发布会上表示，此次基孔肯雅热疫情仍“相当严峻”。世界卫生组织指出，该病毒通过受感染蚊虫叮咬传播，可引发发热和严重关节疼痛，但致死率较低。中国疾控中心已发布多项关于预防基孔肯雅热和登革热（同为蚊媒疾病）的指南，建议采取物理防护措施，如安装纱门、使用蚊帐及涂抹驱蚊剂。该机构称此次疫情属于“输入性”传播，但未具体说明来源地。同时呼吁出现发热、皮疹和关节疼痛等症状者及时就医。佛山顺德区作为广东美食之都，每年吸引大量游客前来，目前集中了90%的病例。根据央视播出的画面显示，确诊基孔肯雅热的患者都躺在蚊帐覆盖的病床上。地方媒体周四报道称，为满足日益增长的需求，广东省当局已将防蚊隔离床位数量增加近一倍至7220张。当地卫生部门呼吁居民注意家中积水问题，比如花盆、咖啡机或备用瓶等容器。佛山市卫生健康委员会周四表示，若发现违规行为可处以最高1万元（约合1400美元）罚款。北京市疾控中心周二指出，该市偶有输入性基孔肯雅热病例。世界卫生组织数据显示，目前有两种获多国监管批准或推荐用于高危人群的疫苗，但尚未广泛普及。广东省疾控中心透露，中国首例基孔肯雅热疫情出现在2010年，当时邻近的东莞地区报告了253例。此后虽有零星病例，但未形成大规模传播。据研究论文和媒体报道，中国首例输入性病例可追溯至1987年。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2025·四川省绵阳市大联考高三下学期第三次诊断性测试） Scientists in Brazil are releasing genetically modified (改良的) mosquitoes to contain the massive outbreak of dengue fever, a mosquito-borne illness. More than a million cases of the viral infection have been reported in the first two months of 2024, twice more than what were reported in the same period in 2023. In February, Rio de Janeiro declared the outbreak a public health emergency after the city recorded more than 42,000 cases of the disease. In Brazil, the disease is constantly circulating. Between 2003 and 2019, more than 11 million cases were reported in the country, with peak transmission normally occurring during the annual rainy season from October to May. Unusually, large outbreaks occur roughly every three to four years. Only one in four people infected with the dengue virus develop mild symptoms, which generally clear within two to seven days. However, the disease can sometimes progress and become severe, leading to hospitalization and possibly death. Faced with a rising number of dengue cases, health authorities in Brazil are testing alternative approaches to control the spread of the disease, including the use of genetically modified mosquitoes, a solution proposed by biotech company Oxitec. The company breeds male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes—the species that spreads the dengue fever virus to humans—that are genetically modified to carry a gene that kills any female offspring they spawn (产卵). Dengue fever is spread through the bites of female A．aegypti mosquitoes, so releasing these modified mosquitoes into a region can help reduce the number of pests that can spread the virus to people. The eggs of Oxitec’s modified male mosquitoes are placed in boxes and then hatched with the addition of water. The modified mosquitoes “complete the cycle inside these boxes in about ten days and the adult insects come out to do their work,” Natalia Ferreira, Oxitec’s general manager said. The approach can reduce A．aegypti population numbers by up to 90 percent in regions where the genetically modified mosquitoes are released. There have been concerns that these genetically modified mosquitoes sometimes produce offspring that can survive to pass on their genes to native insects. But so far, there’s no evidence to suggest this could harm humans. 1．Why are genetically modified mosquitoes being released in Brazil? A．To get rid of mosquitoes. B．To increase the biodiversity. C．To reduce dengue fever cases. D．To improve mosquito genes. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Hot and dry weather speeds up the virus transmission. B．25% of the infected people develop severe symptoms. C．There is an outbreak of dengue fever every four years. D．Dengue fever is widespread and reappearing in Brazil. 3．How do the modified mosquitoes work? A．By killing live female mosquitoes. B．By cutting down on female offspring. C．By stopping mosquitoes from hatching. D．By relieving the infectious symptoms. 4．What concerns people about the modified mosquitoes? A．They affect local species. B．They increase dengue cases. C．They are a threat to humans. D．They grow too fast to control. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了巴西科学家释放转基因蚊子以控制登革热疫情爆发的情况。文章提到了登革热疫情的严重性，包括病例数量的增加和公共卫生紧急状态的宣布，以及巴西卫生当局采取的替代方法来控制疾病的传播，特别是使用转基因蚊子这一解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Scientists in Brazil are releasing genetically modified (改良的) mosquitoes to contain the massive outbreak of dengue fever, a mosquito-borne illness.(巴西的科学家们正在释放经过基因改良的蚊子，以控制登革热的大规模爆发，登革热是一种由蚊子传播的疾病。)”以及第四段“The company breeds male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes—the species that spreads the dengue fever virus to humans—that are genetically modified to carry a gene that kills any female offspring they spawn (产卵). Dengue fever is spread through the bites of female A. aegypti mosquitoes, so releasing these modified mosquitoes into a region can help reduce the number of pests that can spread the virus to people.(该公司培育了雄性埃及伊蚊——这种蚊子会将登革热病毒传播给人类——这些蚊子经过基因改良，携带一种基因，该基因会杀死它们所产下的雌性后代。登革热是通过雌性埃及伊蚊的叮咬传播的，所以将这些经过改良的蚊子释放到某一地区，有助于减少能够将病毒传播给人类的害虫数量。)”可知，巴西释放转基因蚊子是为了控制登革热的大规模爆发，即减少登革热病例数。同时，文中还提到登革热是由雌性埃及伊蚊传播的，Oxitec公司培育的转基因雄性埃及伊蚊携带能杀死雌性后代的基因，释放它们可减少能传播病毒的蚊子数量，从而降低登革热的传播风险。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Between 2003 and 2019, more than 11 million cases were reported in the country, with peak transmission normally occurring during the annual rainy season from October to May. Unusually, large outbreaks occur roughly every three to four years.(2003年至 2019年间，该国报告了超过1100万例病例，通常每年的10月至次年5月的雨季是传播高峰期。不同寻常的是，大规模的疫情大约每三到四年就会爆发一次。)”可知，登革热在巴西广泛传播，且每隔一段时间就会大规模爆发，即反复出现。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The company breeds male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes—the species that spreads the dengue fever virus to humans—that are genetically modified to carry a gene that kills any female offspring they spawn (产卵). Dengue fever is spread through the bites of female A. aegypti mosquitoes, so releasing these modified mosquitoes into a region can help reduce the number of pests that can spread the virus to people.(该公司培育了雄性埃及伊蚊——这种蚊子会将登革热病毒传播给人类——这些蚊子经过基因改良，携带一种基因，该基因会杀死它们所产下的雌性后代。登革热是通过雌性埃及伊蚊的叮咬传播的，所以将这些经过改良的蚊子释放到某一地区，有助于减少能够将病毒传播给人类的害虫数量。)”可知，公司培育的雄性埃及伊蚊经过基因改良，携带一种基因，这种基因会杀死它们所产下的雌性后代。而登革热是通过雌性埃及伊蚊的叮咬传播的，所以减少雌性后代的数量就能降低传播病毒的蚊子数量。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“There have been concerns that these genetically modified mosquitoes sometimes produce offspring that can survive to pass on their genes to native insects. But so far, there’s no evidence to suggest this could harm humans.(有人担心这些基因改良蚊子有时会产生能够存活下来的后代，并将它们的基因传递给本地昆虫。但到目前为止，没有证据表明这会对人类造成伤害。)”可知，人们担心这些基因改良蚊子有时会产生能够存活下来的后代，并且这些后代能够将它们的基因传递给本地昆虫。因此，人们对改良蚊子的担忧是它们会影响当地物种。故选A。 【长难句分析】 【文章原句】Faced with a rising number of dengue cases, health authorities in Brazil are testing alternative approaches to control the spread of the disease, including the use of genetically modified mosquitoes, a solution proposed by biotech company Oxitec. 【句式分析】 这个句子是一个包含多个修饰成分的复杂句，"Faced with a rising number of dengue cases" 过去分词短语作原因状语，to control the spread of the disease是目的状语，a solution proposed by biotech company Oxitec.是同位语。 【翻译】面对登革热病例的增加，巴西卫生当局正在测试控制疾病传播的替代方法，包括使用转基因蚊子，这是生物技术公司Oxitec提出的解决方案。 Passage2阅读理解 （2025·浙江省衢州、丽水、湖州三地市高三下学期4月教学质量检测（二模）） As the proverb says, a straw shows which way the wind blows. A new study published by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that the H5N1 bird flu virus is probably circulating undetected in domestic animals in many parts of the country and may be infecting unaware vets (兽医). In the health agency’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, a group of researchers from the CDC, the Ohio Department of Health and the American Association of Bovine Practitioners reported the results of analysis they conducted on 150 cow vets from 46 states and Canada. They found that three of them had antibodies for the H5N1 bird flu virus in their blood. However, none of the infected vets recalled having any symptoms, including conjunctivitis, or pink eye, the most commonly reported symptom in human cases. Seema Lakdawala, a microbiologist at Emory University in Atlanta, who was not involved in the research, said she was surprised that only 2% of the vets surveyed tested positive for the antibodies, considering another CDC study showed that 17% of dairy workers sampled had been infected. But she said she was even more surprised that none of them had known they were infected or that they had worked with infected animals. “These surprising results indicate that serum surveillance (血清检测) studies are important to inform risk of infections that are going unnoticed,” she said. “Vets are on the front line of the outbreak, and increased biosafety practices like respiratory and eye protection should reduce their exposure risk.” Jennifer Nuzzo, director of the Pandemic Center at Brown University, described the study as “good and bad news study.” “On the one hand, we see concerning evidence that there may be more H5N1 outbreaks on farms than being reported,” she said, “On the other hand, I’m reassured that there isn’t evidence that infections among vets have been widespread.” However, John Korslund, a U. S. Department of Agriculture scientist, said that finding H5N1 antibodies in the blood of vets was an “interesting but very imprecise way to measure state cattle incidence, so we need follow-up study.” 5．Why is the proverb in paragraph l mentioned? A．To describe a fact. B．To introduce the study. C．To explain an issue. D．To present an opinion. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The findings of the analysis. B．The symptoms of the vets. C．The causes of H5N1 bird flu. D．The basic logic of the study. 7．What surprised Seema Lakdawala the most? A．The infected vets’ unawareness of the issue. B．The 17% infection rate among dairy workers. C．The high number of positive test results in vets. D．The risk of unrecognized infections in cows and vets. 8．What aspect should be improved in the follow-up study? A．The size of the tested group. B．The individual samples. C．The data analysis procedure. D．The measuring method. 【词汇积累】 1.proverb n.谚语，格言, 话柄 2.domestic adj.国内的, 家用的, 喜爱家庭生活的, 驯养的; n.家佣，家政工 3.analysis n.分析（报告） 4.symptom n.症状, 征兆 5.vet vt.审查, 诊疗, 检查; vi.当兽医; n.老兵 6.involve v.包含，涉及, （使）加入, 表明… 7.imprecise adj.不精确的，不确定的, 含糊不清 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．A 8．D 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了CDC研究发现H5N1禽流感病毒可能在未被发现的情况下传播。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A new study published by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that the H5N1 bird flu virus is probably circulating undetected in domestic animals in many parts of the country and may be infecting unaware vets (兽医).(美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)发表的一项新的研究表明，H5N1禽流感病毒可能在该国许多地区的家畜中未被发现地传播，并可能感染未察觉的兽医)”可知，第一段提到谚语是为了引出这项关于H5N1禽流感病毒的研究。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In the health agency’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, a group of researchers from the CDC, the Ohio Department of Health and the American Association of Bovine Practitioners reported the results of analysis they conducted on 150 cow vets from 46 states and Canada. They found that three of them had antibodies for the H5N1 bird flu virus in their blood. However, none of the infected vets recalled having any symptoms, including conjunctivitis, or pink eye, the most commonly reported symptom in human cases.(在该卫生机构的《发病率和死亡率周报》中，来自美国疾病控制与预防中心、俄亥俄州卫生部和美国牛从业者协会的一组研究人员报告了他们对来自46个州和加拿大的150名牛兽医进行分析的结果。他们发现其中三人的血液中有 H5N1 禽流感病毒的抗体。然而，没有一名受感染的兽医记得有任何症状，包括结膜炎或红眼病，这是人类病例中最常报告的症状)”可知，第二段主要介绍了这项分析的研究结果。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But she said she was even more surprised that none of them had known they were infected or that they had worked with infected animals.(但她说，更让她惊讶的是，他们中没有人知道自己被感染了，也没有人知道自己曾与受感染的动物接触过)”可知，让Seema Lakdawala最惊讶的是被感染的兽医没有意识到这个问题。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, John Korslund, a U. S. Department of Agriculture scientist, said that finding H5N1 antibodies in the blood of vets was an “interesting but very imprecise way to measure state cattle incidence, so we need follow-up study.”(然而，美国农业部的科学家John Korslund表示，在兽医的血液中发现H5N1抗体是“一种有趣但非常不精确的测量州内牛发病率的方法，所以我们需要后续研究。”)”可知，后续研究应改进的是测量方法。故选D。 Passage 3 7选5 （2025·广西普通高等学校招生押题卷（一）） Bird flu: What threat to humans? There are lots of different types of bird flu and most are harmless to people. Some can potentially spread from birds to people if there is prolonged and close contact. How do people get it? The biggest risk comes from prolonged and close contact with infected birds. 1 . Bird flu cannot usually be passed from human to human. Scientists are concerned that the virus may one day mutate (变异) and acquire the ability to spread in people. What are the symptoms? The symptoms in humans are similar to those of other types of flu: a temperature, cough, headache, chills, aching muscles and a runny or blocked nose and sneezing. 2 , and usually about three to five days after coming into contact with the virus. What’s the treatment? If it’s thought that you might have symptoms of bird flu, you’ll be advised to stay at home, or you’ll be cared for in hospital in isolation from other patients. Doctors can prescribe antiviral medicines to help prevent complications. 3 . 4 ? You can reduce your risk of infection by washing your hands regularly (particularly after going to the toilet and before handling food) and using a tissue when you need to cough or sneeze (and turning away from others if they are coughing/sneezing). You can feed wild ducks and birds, but make sure you wash your hands thoroughly afterwards. Do not go near sick or dead birds. Can I still eat chicken? 5 . Poultry and eggs can be safely eaten as long as they are handled hygienically and cooked thoroughly. A．How can we avoid it B．How can we prevent the spread of it C．These symptoms can come on suddenly D．You are advised to consult doctors when not feeling yourself E．Painkillers such as paracetamol can also help with the symptoms F．The virus is easily destroyed by cooking so there is no reason to worry G．This means farmers who need to handle poultry are more likely to catch it 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．F 【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了禽流感对人类的威胁及其预防措施。 1．根据空前“The biggest risk comes from prolonged and close contact with infected birds.（最大的风险来自长时间和受感染的禽类密切接触。）”提到了长时间和受感染的禽类密切接触的人有感染病毒的风险。中间是过渡句，前后是顺承关系，G项“This means farmers who need to handle poultry are more likely to catch it（这意味着需要处理家禽的农民更有可能感染此病毒）”与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。“This”指代上文所述情况。故选G。 2． 根据空前“The symptoms in humans are similar to those of other types of flu: a temperature, cough, headache, chills, aching muscles and a runny or blocked nose and sneezing.（人类的感染症状与其他类型流感的症状相似：发烧、咳嗽、头痛、发冷、肌肉酸痛、流鼻涕或鼻塞以及打喷嚏。）”讲人类感染此病毒后的症状与感染其他类型的流感相似。以及空格“and usually about three to five days after coming into contact with the virus.（并且这些症状通常是在接触病毒后三至五天左右出现）”。说到症状出现的时间，可能突然出现也可能三至五天后出现，C项“These symptoms can come on suddenly（这些症状可能会突然出现）”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 3．根据本段小标题“What’s the treatment?（有什么治疗方法？）”可知，本段主要讲治疗方法。根据空格前“Doctors can prescribe antiviral medicines to help prevent complications. （医生可以开抗病毒药物来帮助预防并发症。）”可知，这里提到抗病毒药物，下面要举出一些药物的例子。E项“Painkillers such as paracetamol can also help with the symptoms（扑热息痛等止痛药也能缓解症状）”与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选E。 4．此处为本段小标题。根据本段内容“You can reduce your risk of infection by washing your hands regularly (particularly after going to the toilet and before handling food) and using a tissue when you need to cough or sneeze (and turning away from others if they are coughing/sneezing).（您可以通过经常洗手（特别是上完厕所后和处理食物前）以及在需要咳嗽或打喷嚏时使用纸巾（如果其他人咳嗽/打喷嚏则转身离开）来降低感染风险。）”可知，本段主要讲述如何预防禽流感，即如何避免感染禽流感。A项“How can we avoid it（我们如何才能避免禽流感）”统领本段，适合做本段的小标题。故选A。 5．根据空后“Poultry and eggs can be safely eaten as long as they are handled hygienically and cooked thoroughly.（只要卫生处理并彻底煮熟，家禽和鸡蛋都可以安全食用。）”可知，经过卫生处理和彻底煮熟，家禽和蛋类中病毒可以被消灭，就可以放心食用。F项“The virus is easily destroyed by cooking so there is no reason to worry（通过烹饪很容易消灭这种病毒，所以不用担心）”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选F。 Passage 4 完形填空 （2025届江苏省苏锡常镇高三下学期二模） When five-year-old Betsy had a fever, the doctor put it down to a virus. But Betsy’s mother Charlotte had a 1 that something was very wrong. So she 2 the doctor again and blood tests were arranged. Days later, Charlotte received a call asking her to take Betsy to hospital to be given the 3 · Panic 4 , and her body was trembling until she got to the hospital.With her husband Christian, a horse 5 , they went into a room where they received the terrible news. She knew it was going to be bad,   6 it still hit her like a bus. Betsy had leukemia (白 血病) and she was immediately 7 to hospital. Within two days,chemotherapy (化疗) had started. The treatment was long and tiring and the first six weeks were particularly 8 . Just six weeks into Betsy's 9 , Kitty’s Light, the racehorse trained by her dad, won the Scottish Grand National, 10 the family to experience happiness in the darkest of times. It was just the thing the family needed. After that Betsy would try to make it to the races to 11 Kitty’s Light. It changed things for them, and gave them a(n) 12 .….something to look forward to. Now Betsy is in the maintenance phase. Her hair is growing 13 too; she is able to play with her older sister. Kitty’s Light has completely changed their outlook on everything and they are now determined to find 14 in everyday life. It could be something as simple as sitting in the sunshine with the girls, 15 activities like birthdays or Kitty’s Light’s success. 1．A．plan B．suggestion C．burden D．feeling 2．A．approached B．thanked C．told D．blamed 3．A．warning B．result C．support D．medicine 4．A．set up B．set back C．set aside D．set in 5．A．rider B．seller C．trainer D．feeder 6．A．for B．but C．or D．while 7．A．admitted B．sent C．transferred D．rushed 8．A．smooth B．relaxing C．strange D．difficult 9．A．disease B．exercise C．treatment D．examination 10．A．following B．allowing C．signaling D．requiring 11．A．cheer on B．look for C．chase after D．play with 12．A．ambition B．focus C．measure D．challenge 13．A．up B．apart C．back D．on 14．A．change B．difference C．success D．pleasure 15．A．family B．business C．sports D．community 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了贝茜患白血病后接受治疗，父亲训练的赛马带来快乐，改变一家人生活，让他们在日常寻得乐趣的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是贝茜的妈妈夏洛特有一种感觉，觉得有些事情非常不对劲。A. plan计划；B. suggestion建议；C. burden负担；D. feeling感觉。根据上文“the doctor put it down to a virus”以及转折词But可知，这里指夏洛特有一种感觉，觉得事情不对劲。have a feeling，表示“有一种感觉”，符合语境。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她又联系了医生，并安排了血液检查。A. approached联系；B. thanked感谢；C. told告诉；D. blamed责备。根据上文“something was very wrong”可知，夏洛特觉得事情不对劲，所以她又联系医生安排血液检查。approach the doctor表示“联系医生”，符合语境。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天后，夏洛特接到一个电话，让她带贝茜去医院拿检查结果。A. warning警告；B. result结果；C. support支持；D. medicine药。根据上文“blood tests were arranged”可知，这里是指去医院拿血液检查结果。receive the result，表示“拿到结果”，符合语境。故选B。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：恐慌袭来，在她到达医院之前，她的身体一直在颤抖。A. set up建立；B. set back使推迟；C. set aside留出；D. set in开始，到来。根据上文“Charlotte received a call asking her to take Betsy to hospital”可知，当接到让带贝茜去医院拿结果的电话，恐慌开始袭来。panic set in，表示“恐慌袭来”，符合语境。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她和她的丈夫克里斯蒂安，一个驯马师，走进一个房间，在那里他们收到了可怕的消息。A. rider骑手；B. seller卖家；C. trainer驯马师；D. feeder饲养员。根据下文“Kitty’s Light, the racehorse trained by her dad”可知，她的丈夫是一个驯马师。故选C。 6．考查连词词义辨析。句意：她知道情况会很糟糕，但这消息还是像一辆公共汽车一样打击了她。A. for因为；B. but但是；C. or或者；D. while当…… 时候。根据上文“She knew it was going to be bad”以及下文“it still hit her like a bus”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：贝茜得了白血病，她立即被收治入院。A. admitted准许进入，收治；B. sent发送；C. transferred转移；D. rushed冲，奔。根据下文“to hospital”以及语境可知，这里考查be admitted to hospital，是固定搭配，意为“被收治入院”，这里指贝茜因为白血病病情严重，需要马上住院接受治疗，所以用admitted。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：治疗过程漫长而累人，最初的六周尤其艰难。A. smooth顺利的；B. relaxing放松的；C. strange奇怪的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“The treatment was long and tiring”以及“first six weeks”可知，最初的六周尤其艰难。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在贝茜治疗的六周里，她爸爸训练的赛马“凯蒂之光”赢得了苏格兰全国大赛，让这个家庭在最黑暗的时刻体验到了快乐。A. disease疾病；B. exercise锻炼；C. treatment治疗；D. examination检查。根据上文“chemotherapy (化疗) had started”可知，贝茜在接受治疗，所以这里指在她治疗的六周里。in one’s treatment，表示“在某人治疗期间”，符合语境。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在贝茜治疗的六周里，她爸爸训练的赛马“凯蒂之光”赢得了苏格兰全国大赛，让这个家庭在最黑暗的时刻体验到了快乐。A. following跟随；B. allowing允许，让；C. signaling发信号；D. requiring要求。根据上文“won the Scottish Grand National”可知，这让这个家庭在最黑暗的时刻体验到了快乐。allow sb. to do sth.，表示“让某人做某事”，符合语境。故选B。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在那之后，贝茜会努力去看比赛，为“凯蒂之光”加油。A. cheer on为…… 加油；B. look for寻找；C. chase after追赶；D. play with和…… 一起玩。根据上文“won the Scottish Grand National”以及语境可知，这里指贝茜会去看比赛为“凯蒂之光”加油。cheer on，表示“为…… 加油”，符合语境。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这改变了他们的生活，给了他们一个关注点…… 一些值得期待的东西。A. ambition抱负；B. focus关注点；C. measure措施；D. challenge挑战。根据上文贝茜去看比赛为赛马加油，以及下文“something to look forward to”可知，这给了他们一个关注点。故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在贝茜处于维持期。她的头发也在重新长出来；她能够和她的姐姐一起玩了。A. up向上；B. apart分开；C. back回来；D. on继续。根据上文“chemotherapy (化疗) had started”可知，贝茜接受化疗，这里指现在她的头发在重新长出来。grow back，表示“重新长出来”，符合语境。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“凯蒂之光”完全改变了他们对一切的看法，现在他们决心在日常生活中找到快乐。A. change变化；B. difference不同；C. success成功；D. pleasure快乐。根据上文“the family to experience happiness in the darkest of times”可知，赛马给这个家庭在黑暗时刻带来快乐，现在他们决心在日常生活中找到快乐。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它可以是像和女孩们坐在阳光下这样简单的事情，像生日或“凯蒂之光”的成功这样的家庭活动。A. family家庭；B. business生意；C. sports运动；D. community社区。根据上文“sitting in the sunshine with the girls”以及“birthdays”可知，这些是家庭活动。故选A。 Passage 5 语法填空 （2025·甘肃省天水市麦积区新梦想高考复读学校模拟预测（B）） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Back in 1 late 1700s, long before people understood the reason behind immunity, farmers and doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids (挤奶女工) and other people who got a mild disease called cowpox (牛痘) seldom caught its fearsome cousin, smallpox (天花). Was there a connection? Some decided there was and inserted (嵌入的) material from the cowpox into an incision they cut on the arm of healthy people, thus somehow 2 (protect) them from smallpox. In 1798, a doctor named Edward Jenner published the results of his experiments using this procedure, earning 3 (he) fame as the “Father of Immunology”. Scientists later figured out that cowpox somehow protected one from smallpox. When people caught cowpox, their bodies made special cells 4 (call) antibodies. They fought the disease. That’s not all. They stayed in the blood 5 case the disease ever returned. Because cowpox and smallpox are fairly similar, if a person was later exposed to the more serious disease, antibodies were ready 6 (fight) it too. That knowledge helped scientists develop vaccines. The term vaccination originated from Latin. They contain the viruses, weakened, dead or modified (改良的). Injected into the blood, they trick the immune system into making antibodies. 7 the body ever meets with those same 8 (virus), even at full strength, the antibodies make short work of them. Vaccination prior to 9 (expose) to the virus is ideal. But a vaccination given within three days of exposure will 10 (complete) prevent or significantly modify smallpox in the majority of people and given within the first four to seven days will likely offer some protection or soften the disease. 【答案】 1．the 2．protecting 3．himself/his 4．called 5．in 6．to fight 7．If/When 8．viruses 9．exposure 10．completely 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了18世纪末Edward Jenner发现接种牛痘提取物能预防天花，从而开创疫苗接种的历史，并解释了抗体如何通过识别相似病毒提供免疫力。 1．考查冠词。句意：早在18世纪末，远在人们理解免疫原理之前，英国乡村的农民和医生注意到，挤奶女工和其他感染过一种名为牛痘的轻微疾病的人，很少染上其可怕的近亲——天花。空后为late 1700s，“某世纪某年代”前需加定冠词the。故填the。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人认为有，于是将牛痘的提取物注入健康人手臂上的切口，从而以某种方式保护他们免受天花侵害。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用protect“保护”的现在分词形式。故填protecting。 3．考查代词。句意：1798年，一位名叫Edward Jenner的医生发表了使用此方法的实验结果，并因此赢得了“免疫学之父”的声誉。earn sb. sth.意为“为某人赢得某物”，空处作earning的宾语，此处earn这一动作的实施者和承受者为同一人，空处应用he的反身代词形式，或用earn sth.表示“赢得某物，挣得某物”，把空处看作修饰名词fame的定语，用形容词性物主代词his。故填himself/his。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：当人感染牛痘时，身体会产生一种特殊的细胞，称为抗体。空处是非谓语，作special cells的后置定语，call“称作”和special cells逻辑上是被动关系，因此用call的过去分词形式。故填called。 5．考查介词。句意：它们还会留在血液中，以防疾病再次来袭。结合“the disease ever returned”可知，此处应用固定搭配in case表示“以防”，引导目的状语从句。故填in。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于牛痘和天花非常相似，如果一个人后来接触更严重的天花病毒，抗体也能迅速投入战斗。be ready to do sth.是固定短语，意为“准备好做某事”，空处应用fight“与……作斗争”的不定式形式。故填to fight。 7．考查状语从句。句意：如果身体日后遇到同样的病毒/当身体日后遇到同样的病毒时，哪怕病毒来势汹汹，抗体也能轻松消灭它们。前半句也可理解为是后半句发生的条件，空处可用从属连词if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”；前半句可理解为和后半句同时发生，空处可用从属连词when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，且空处位于句首，if或when的首字母均需大写。故填If/When。 8．考查名词的数。句意：如果身体日后遇到同样的病毒/当身体日后遇到同样的病毒时，哪怕病毒来势汹汹，抗体也能轻松消灭它们。空处作with的宾语，those后应用可数名词virus“病毒”的复数形式。故填viruses。 9．考查名词。句意：理想情况下，应在接触病毒前接种疫苗。空处作介词to的宾语，名词exposure符合题意，意为“接触”，是不可数名词。故填exposure。 10．考查副词。句意：但若在接触后3天内接种，仍能完全预防或大幅减轻天花症状；而在接触后4至7天内接种，也可能提供部分保护或减轻病情。空处修饰动词prevent，副词completely符合题意，意为“完全地”。故填completely。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$