内容正文:
新版仁爱英语八上Unit4语法专项练——后缀-less 和 -ful
【语法讲解】
后缀 -less 和 -ful 是英语中常见的构词后缀,作用是改变词的词性(多将名词、动词转化为形容词 ),表意清晰好记:
· -less:加在名词 / 动词后,表 “无…… 的;不…… 的” ,给词添 “否定、缺乏” 含义。比如:
help(帮助 ,动词 / 名词 ) + less → helpless(无助的 ,即 “没有帮助的” )
hope(希望 ,名词 / 动词 ) + less → hopeless(无望的 ,“没有希望的” )
· -ful:加在名词后,表 “充满…… 的;具有…… 性质的” ,让词有 “肯定、具备特征” 意思。比如:
help(帮助 ) + ful → helpful(有帮助的 ,“充满帮助性质的” )
care(关心 ) + ful → careful(细心的 ,“充满关心、做事细致的” )
简单说,-less 是 “否定后缀” ,-ful 是 “肯定后缀” ,记准规则,遇到带这俩后缀的词,就能快速猜词义啦!
【练习巩固】
(一)基础巩固(单词变形与释义)
用 -less 或 -ful 完成单词并写出中文意思。
1.help + ______ = ______ ( )
2.hope + ______ = ______( )
3.care + ______ = ______ ( )
4.use + ______ = ______ ( )
5.harm + ______ = ______ ( )
6.joy + ______ = ______ ( )
7.success + ______ = ______( )
8.pain + ______ = ______ ( )
(二)句子填空(选恰当 -less /-ful 形容词,填进句子 )
helpful, useless, careless, joyful, hopeful, painful, harmful
1.Li Hong was ______ because she got good grades.
2.Don’t be ______ with your homework—check answers carefully!
3.The old map is ______ without a GPS—we can’t find the way.
4.You were great yesterday! Be ______ and you’ll win the game.
5.A ______ classmate shared notes with me when I was absent.
6.Smoking is ______. It’s bad for health.
7.The ______injury made it hard for him to walk.
(三)翻译挑战(用含 -less /-ful 的词,翻译句子 )
1. 这位医生对挽救病人感到无助 。
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2. 这些符号对在线支付很有用 ,但没手机就没用 。
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3. 别粗心!老板不允许工作出错 。
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4. 她是个乐于助人的女孩,总在我生病时帮我记笔记 。
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5. 无目标的生活让人感到空虚,而有意义的生活充满希望 。
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(四)作文翻译题
请将下面关于青春感悟的小作文翻译成英文,注意使用含 -less 或 -ful 后缀的单词。
“青春是一段珍贵的时光。充满挑战的日子可能会痛苦,但也让我们成长。我们可能会有无助或迷茫的时候,但身边有乐于助人的老师和朋友。不要害怕那些伤人的话语,要珍惜这段无价的青春,让它变得有意义且成功。”
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答案与解析
(一)基础巩固答案
less; helpless(无助的)
less; hopeless(无望的)/ful; hopeful(满怀希望的)
less; careless(粗心的)/ful; careful(细心的)
less; useless(无用的)/ful; useful(有用的)
less; harmless(无害的)/ful; harmful(有害的)
ful; joyful(喜悦的)
ful; successful(成功的)
ful; painful(疼痛的)
(二)句子填空答案
joyful(ful)
careless(less)
useless(less)
hopeful(ful)
helpful(ful)
harmful(ful)
painful(ful)
(三)翻译挑战答案
The doctor feels helpless to save the patient.
The symbols are useful for paying online, but useless without a cellphone.
Don’t be careless! The boss doesn’t allow careless mistakes at work.
She is a helpful girl and always helps me take notes when I’m ill.
An aimless life makes people feel empty, while a meaningful life is full of hope.
(四)作文翻译题答案
Youth is a priceless time. Days full of challenges may be painful, but they also make us grow. We may feel helpless or aimless sometimes, but there are helpful teachers and friends around us. Don’t fear those hurtful words. Cherish this priceless youth and make it meaningful and successful.
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