Unit 1-2 语法讲练测（讲义）-2025-2026学年译林版（三起）（2012）英语五年级上册

译林版-五上（新版）Unit1-2-语法讲练测 【核心语法】 一、核心语法点及总结 U1 Goldilocks and three bears 1. There be句型 • 核心含义：表示“某个地方存在某物或某人”，强调“存在”，与“某人拥有某物”（have/has）不同。 • 基本结构： ◦ 单数/不可数名词：There is + 单数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语 （如：There is a bear in the house. 房子里有一只熊。） ◦ 复数名词：There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语 （如：There are three beds in the room. 房间里有三张床。） • 就近原则：当主语是“名词A + and + 名词B”时，be动词的形式由离它最近的名词决定。 ◦ 例：There is a book and two pens on the desk.（离be近的是单数a book，用is） ◦ 例：There are two pens and a book on the desk.（离be近的是复数two pens，用are） • 否定形式：在be动词后加not（is not=isn't；are not=aren't），同时将肯定句中的some改为any。 ◦ 例： There isn't any soup in the bowl. • 疑问形式：将be动词提到句首，some改为any，句尾加问号。 ◦ 例：Is there a table in the kitchen? 厨房里有一张桌子吗？ 练习题： 1. 单项选择：（ ）There ______ a dog and three cats in the garden. A. is B. are C. have 2. 填空：There ______（be）some rice in the bowl. 3. 否定句转换：There are some trees in front of the house. → _______________________________________ 4. 单项选择：（ ）______ there any water in the bottle? A. Is B. Are C. Do 5. 填空：There _________（be not）a TV in the small room. 6. 单项选择：（ ）There ______ two birds and a kite in the sky. A. is B. are C. has 7. 填空：________ there any books on the shelf? Yes, ________. 8. 转换：There is a little girl in the house.（否定句） → _________________________________________________ 9. 单项选择：（ ）There ______ some bread on the plate. A. is B. are C. am 10. 连词成句：there, five, apples, are, the, in, basket (.) ___________________________________________ 2. some与any的用法 • 共同点：均表示“一些”，可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。 • 不同点： ◦ some：主要用于肯定句。 ◦ 例：There are some apples in the basket. 篮子里有一些苹果。 ◦ any：主要用于否定句和一般疑问句。 ◦ 例：There aren't any pears on the table. 桌子上没有梨。（否定句） ◦ 例：Are there any students in the library? 图书馆里有学生吗？（疑问句） • 特殊用法：some可用于表示委婉请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。 ◦ 例：Would you like some coffee? 你想喝点咖啡吗？（希望得到肯定回答） ◦ 例：Can I have some bread? 我能吃点面包吗？（委婉请求） 练习题： 1. 单项选择：（ ）She doesn't have ______ friends at school. A. some B. any C. a 2. 填空：My mom buys ______（some/any）milk and eggs in the supermarket. 3. 单项选择：（ ）Could you give me ______ help? A. some B. any C. many 4. 改错：There is any juice in the glass. ____________________________________________ 5. 填空：Do they have ______（some/any）new books? 6. 单项选择：（ ）There are ______ flowers in the garden. A. some B. any C. a 7. 填空：I don't want ______（some/any） candy. It's bad for teeth. 8. 单项选择：（ ）Would you like ______ tea? A. some B. any C. many 9. 改错：Are there some chairs in the room? _____________________________________________ 10. 填空：He has ______（some/any）good ideas. Let's listen to him. 3. 感叹句（what/how） • 核心功能：表达强烈的情感（如赞美、惊讶、感叹等）。 • what引导的感叹句：修饰名词（名词前可加形容词），结构为： ◦ What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ 例：What a beautiful girl（she is）! 多美的女孩啊！ ◦ What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ 例：What lovely pandas（they are）! 多可爱的熊猫啊！ ◦ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ 例：What sweet soup（it is）! 多甜的汤啊！ • how引导的感叹句：修饰形容词或副词，结构为： ◦ How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ 例：How hot（it is）! 多热啊！（修饰形容词hot） 例：How fast he runs! 他跑得真快啊！（修饰副词fast） 练习题： 1. 单项选择：（ ）______ big the house is! A. What B. How C. What a 2. 连词成句：lovely, what, a, bear (!) ______________________________________ 3. 填空：______（What/How）slowly the old man walks! 4. 单项选择：（ ）______ nice weather we have today! A. How B. What a C. What 5. 转换：The bed is very hard.（用how改写） _________________________________________________ 6. 单项选择：（ ）______ clever students they are! A. What B. How C. What a 7. 连词成句：how, the, soup, hot, is (!) ______________________________________________ 8. 填空：______（What/How） a tall tree（it is）! 9. 单项选择：（ ）______ happily the children are playing! A. What B. How C. What a 10. 转换：It is a funny story.（用what改写） ___________________________________________________ 4. 方位介词 • 核心功能：表示人或事物在空间中的位置关系。 • 常见介词及用法： ◦ in：在……里面（内部）。 例：The cat is in the box. 猫在盒子里。 ◦ on：在……上面（表面接触）。 例：The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上。 ◦ under：在……下面。 例：The ball is under the chair. 球在椅子下面。 ◦ beside：在……旁边（距离近）。 例：There is a tree beside the house. 房子旁边有一棵树。 ◦ behind：在……后面。 例：The bike is behind the door. 自行车在门后面。 ◦ between：在……（两者）中间，后接复数名词。 例：The dog is between the two boys. 狗在两个男孩中间。 ◦ in front of：在……前面（外部的前面）。 例：There is a car in front of the school. 学校前面有一辆车。 练习题： 1. 单项选择：（ ）The little girl sits ______ her parents. A. between B. in C. on 2. 填空：Our classroom is ______（on/in） the second floor. 3. 单项选择：（ ）The mouse is ______ the box. We can't see it. A. behind B. on C. beside 4. 改错：There is a picture beside the wall. _____________________________________________ 5. 填空：The teachers' office is ______ the library and the lab.（在两者中间） 6. 单项选择：（ ）The ball is ______ the bed. Let's pick it up. A. in B. under C. behind 7. 填空：There is a big tree ______ my house.（在……旁边） 8. 单项选择：（ ）The cat is hiding ______ the door. A. behind B. in C. on 9. 改错：There are some flowers in front the classroom. ______________________________________________________ 10. 填空：The chair is ______ the desk.（在……上面） 5. can的否定形式 • can的基本含义：表示“能、会、可以”，后接动词原形。 • 否定形式：在can后加not，缩写为can't，后仍接动词原形，意为“不能、不会”。 例：I can swim. → I can't swim. 我不会游泳。 例：She can find her key. → She can't find her key. 她找不到她的钥匙。 • 否定句的使用场景：表示没有能力做某事，或因客观原因无法做某事。 例：Goldilocks can't see the three bears. Goldilocks看不到三只熊。 练习题： 1. 填空：The boy ________（can）ride a horse. It’s difficult for him. 2. 单项选择：（ ）They ______ play football in the street. It's dangerous. A. can B. can't C. aren't 3. 转换：He can hear the birds singing.（否定句） _____________________________________ 4. 填空：______ you fly? No, I ______. (can) 5. 单项选择：（ ）The baby ______ walk. She's too young. A. can B. is C. can't 6. 填空：She ________（can）draw pictures. It’s not easy. 7. 单项选择：（ ） _____ he speak English? No, he ______. A. Can; can't B. Is; isn't C. Do; don't 8. 转换：We can see a river near the house.（否定句） ________________________________________ 9. 填空：The dog ______ run fast. It's old.(can) 10. 单项选择：（ ）Goldilocks ______ find her way home. A. can B. can't C. is U2 a new student 1. There be句型的一般疑问句 • 结构：将be动词（is/are）提到句首，句首字母大写，句尾加问号，肯定句中的some改为any。 例：There is a computer in the room. → Is there a computer in the room? 例：There are some books on the shelf. → Are there any books on the shelf? • 回答方式： ◦ 肯定回答：Yes, there + is/are. 例：—Is there a gym? —Yes, there is. ◦ 否定回答：No, there + isn't/aren't. 例：—Are there any students? —No, there aren't. 练习题： 1. 单项选择：（ ）______ there any libraries in your city? A. Is B. Are C. Do 2. 转换：There is a music room on the first floor.（一般疑问句） _________________________________________ 3. 回答：—Are there any chairs in the classroom? —Yes, _______ _______. 4. 填空：______ there a map on the wall? No, _______ _______. 5. 改错：Do there a new student in your class? _______________________________________________ 6. 单项选择：（ ）—______ there a playground in your school? —Yes, there is. A. Are B. Is C. Do 7. 转换：There are some computers in the lab.（一般疑问句） _____________________________________ 8. 回答：—Is there a library near your home? —No, _______ _________. 9. 填空：_______ there any trees in the park? Yes, ______ _______. 10. 连词成句：there, a, is, classroom, new, the, in, building (?) ____________________________________________ 2. How many...are there...? • 核心功能：用于询问可数名词的数量，意为“……有多少？” • 结构：How many + 可数名词复数 + are there + 地点状语？ 例：How many desks are there in your classroom? 你们教室里有多少张桌子？ • 回答方式：用There be句型，直接说明数量。 例：—How many books are there? —There are ten. 有10本。 练习题： 1. 单项选择：（ ）How many ______ are there in the park? A. tree B. trees C. a tree 2. 填空：—______ ______ students are there in your class? —Forty. 3. 转换：There are five windows in the room.（对划线部分提问） _______________________________________________ 4. 连词成句：many, how, pens, there, are, in, your, bag (?) _________________________________________________________ 5. 改错：How many milk are there in the bottle? ________________________________________________ 6. 单项选择：（ ）—How many ______ are there on the desk? —Three. A. ruler B. rulers C. a ruler 7. 填空：— ______ ________ chairs are there in the office? —Eight. 8. 转换：There are seven days in a week.（对划线部分提问） __________________________________________________ 9. 连词成句：there, how, many, are, girls, in, class, your (?) ____________________________________________________ 10. 改错：How many apple are there in the box? _________________________________________________________ 3. 序数词及楼层表达 • 序数词的含义：表示顺序（第几），与基数词（表示数量）对应。 • 常见序数词： 1st first（第一）；2nd second（第二）；3rd third（第三）；4th fourth（第四）；5th fifth（第五）；6th sixth（第六）；10th tenth（第十）。 • 用法：序数词前通常加定冠词the。 例：The first day of the week is Sunday. 一周的第一天是周日。 • 楼层表达：在几楼用“on the + 序数词 + floor”。 例：Our classroom is on the third floor. 我们的教室在三楼。 例：The art room is on the first floor. 美术室在一楼。 练习题： 1. 单项选择：（ ）My birthday is on the ______ of July. A. five B. fifth C. fiveth 2. 填空：The library is on the ______（two）floor. 3. 单项选择：（ ）—Which floor is your home on? —It's on the ______. A. four B. forth C. fourth 4. 改错：He lives on the one floor. _________________________________________________ 5. 填空：The ______（three）lesson is very easy. 6. 单项选择：（ ）The ______ day of October is National Day. A. first B. one C. a 7. 填空：Our classroom is on the ______（four）floor. 8. 单项选择：（ ）—Where is the music room? —It's on the ______ floor. A. two B. second C. seconds 9. 改错：She is in the five floor. ______________________________________________ 10. 填空：The ______（ten）month is October. 4. have/has的用法 • 核心含义：表示“某人拥有某物”，强调“所属关系”，与There be（表示存在）不同。 • 用法区别： ◦ have：用于第一人称（I/we）、第二人称（you）、第三人称复数（they/students等）。 例：I have a new schoolbag. 我有一个新书包。 例：They have two cats. 他们有两只猫。 ◦ has：用于第三人称单数（he/she/it/Lily等）。 例：She has a red dress. 她有一条红裙子。 例：The bird has two wings. 这只鸟有两只翅膀。 • 否定句：在have/has前加don't/doesn't（第三人称单数用doesn't，其他人称用don't），has变回原形have。 例：He has a bike. → He doesn't have a bike. 例：We have a car. → We don't have a car. • 一般疑问句：句首加Do/Does（第三人称单数用Does，其他人称用Do），has变回原形have，句尾加问号。 例：You have a pen. → Do you have a pen? 例：She has a dog. → Does she have a dog? 练习题： 1. 单项选择：（ ）My father ______ a blue car. A. have B. has C. is 2. 否定句：They have some storybooks. _________________________________________ 3. 填空：______（do）your sister ______（have）a new bike? 4. 单项选择：（ ）—Do you ______ a computer? —Yes, I do. A. have B. has C. had 5. 转换：He has a nice pencil case.（一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________ 6. 单项选择：（ ）The birds ______ two wings. A. has B. have C. are 7. 否定句：She has a red skirt. ____________________________________ 8. 填空：We ______（not have）any toys. 9. 单项选择：（ ）—Does your brother ______ a football? —No, he doesn't. A. have B. has C. had 10. 连词成句：I, a, have, schoolbag, new (.) _________________________________________________ 答案 U1 Goldilocks and three bears 1. There be句型 1. A（就近原则，a dog是单数） 2. is（rice是不可数名词） 3. There aren't any trees in front of the house. 4. A（water是不可数名词，用is） 5. isn't 6. B（就近原则，two birds是复数） 7. Are; there are 8. There isn't a little girl in the house. 9. A（bread是不可数名词） 10. There are five apples in the basket. 2. some与any的用法 1. B（否定句用any） 2. some（肯定句用some） 3. A（委婉请求用some） 4. There is some juice in the glass. 5. any（疑问句用any） 6. A（肯定句用some） 7. any（否定句用any） 8. A（委婉请求用some） 9. Are there any chairs in the room? 10. some（肯定句用some） 3. 感叹句（what/how） 1. B（修饰形容词big用how） 2. What a lovely bear! 3. How（修饰副词slowly用how） 4. C（weather是不可数名词，用what） 5. How hard the bed is! 6. A（修饰可数名词复数students用what） 7. How hot the soup is! 8. What（修饰可数名词单数tree用what a） 9. B（修饰副词happily用how） 10. What a funny story (it is)! 4. 方位介词 1. A（between...and...表示“在两者中间”） 2. on（楼层前用on） 3. A（behind表示“在……后面”，符合“看不到”的语境） 4. There is a picture in the wall. 5. between 6. B（under表示“在……下面”，符合“捡起来”的语境） 7. beside 8. A（behind the door表示“在门后面”） 9. There are some flowers in front of the classroom. 10. on 5. can的否定形式 1. can't 2. B 3. He can't hear the birds singing. 4. Can; can't 5. C（婴儿“不会”走路） 6. can't 7. A（can引导的一般疑问句及回答） 8. We can't see a river near the house. 9. can't 10. B U2 a new student 1. There be句型的一般疑问句 1. B（libraries是复数，用are） 2. Is there a music room on the first floor? 3. there are 4. Is; there isn't 5. Is there a new student in your class? 6. B 7. Are there any computers in the lab? 8. there isn't 9. Are; there are 10. Is there a new classroom in the building? 2. How many...are there...? 1. B（how many后接可数名词复数） 2. How many 3. How many windows are there in the room? 4. How many pens are there in your bag? 5. How much milk is there in the bottle? 6. B（how many后接可数名词复数） 7. How many 8. How many days are there in a week? 9. How many girls are there in your class? 10. How many apples are there in the box? 3. 序数词及楼层表达 1. B（第五天用fifth） 2. second（第二层用second） 3. C（第四层用fourth） 4. He lives on the first floor. 5. third（第三课用third） 6. A（十月一日用the first） 7. fourth（第四层用fourth） 8. B（第二层用second） 9. She is on the fifth floor. 10. tenth（第十个月用tenth） 4. have/has的用法 1. B 2. They don't have any storybooks. 3. Does; have（sister是第三人称单数，用does，has变have） 4. A 5. Does he have a nice pencil case? 6. B（birds是复数，用have） 7. She doesn't have a red skirt. 8. don't have 9. A（助动词does后接动词原形） 10. I have a new schoolbag. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$