内容正文:
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
要点层层精析
课时素养提升
语法探究突破
外研英语第一册
Section Ⅲ Using language & Grammar
[词汇精讲]
1
When you open a dictionary,you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. (教材原句P17)
当你打开词典,你经常碰见许多不熟悉的单词。
come across 偶然发现;偶然遇见,碰见;被理解
◆[佳句感知]
Wolves cannot climb a tree so when you come across one,hide on the tree.
狼不会爬树,所以当你遇到一只时,躲到树上。
[知识积累]
come about 发生
come out 出版;出来
come to 来到;合计,总共是;
苏醒过来
come to an end 结束
come up with 赶上;提出
come into being 形成;产生
①He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not come across.
他讲了很久,但没把意思讲明白。
②I absentmindedly turned the pages of the phone book and came across a city map.
我无意中翻开电话簿的一页,偶然发现了一张城市地图。
◆[学以致用]
单句语法填空
①Can you tell me when your new book will come out ?
②When we read newspapers,we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”.
③Our class came up with the idea to make better use of the used materials.
④Can you tell me how the accident came about ?
2
a friend that you contact by writing,traditionally using a pen(教材原句P17)
一个你通过书写联系的朋友,传统上是用钢笔
contact vt.联系,联络
◆[佳句感知]
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times.
但是这项运动的规则要求竞走运动员的膝盖在腿部摆动的大部分时间里保持笔直,一只脚始终保持与地面接触。
[知识积累]
get into contact with=make contact with
与……取得联系
keep in contact with...与……保持联系
lose contact with...与……失去联系
be in/out of contact with...与……有/没有联系
①I contacted my uncle as soon as I went to Beijing.
我一到北京就和我的叔叔联系上了。
②There is little contact between the two organizations.
这两个机构之间没有什么联系。
◆[学以致用]
单句语法填空
①You'd better get into contact with him as soon as possible.
②Have you kept in contact with our classmates after graduation? I have lost touch with most of them.
3
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words... (教材P17)
而且有时一个单词由几个单词的首字母组成……
be made up of 由……组成
◆[佳句感知]
This means that everyone's life is made up of a series of shocks.
这就是说,每个人的生活都是由一连串的冲击组成的。
[知识积累]
(1)be made up of=be composed of
consist of由……组成
(2)be made of由……材料制成(看出原材料)
be made from由……材料制成(看不出原材料)
All substances, whether they are gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.
所有物质, 不论它们是气体、液体或固体, 都是由原子构成的。
◆[学以致用]
完成句子
①The collection consists of/is made up of three parts:poems, essays and short stories.
这本作品是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分组合而成的。
②Early paper in China was made from bamboo fibre.
中国早期的纸是由竹子纤维制成的。
③In the Middle Ages the houses were made of wood.
在中世纪,房子是由木头建造的。
温馨提示
be made up of 和consist of都是表示“由……组成”,但是consist of 只能用于主动,不可用于被动。
4
likely adj.可能的,可能发生的
adv.或许,可能(教材原句P17)
◆[佳句感知]
(2020·全国Ⅲ)She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
她还说,很可能还有其他一些基因帮助巴夭岛潜水。
[知识积累]
(1)be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事
It is likely that... 很可能……
not likely 绝不可能,才不呢(表示强烈反对)
(2)unlikely adj. 不太可能的
①Snow showers are likely tomorrow.
明天可能有阵雪。
②I'd very likely have done the same thing in your situation.
我要是处在你这种情况,也有可能会那样做的。
◆[学以致用]
单句语法填空
①The more you hurry,the less progress you are likely to make (make).
② It is very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.
③Where there is a will there is a way,so you are unlikely (likely) to be jobless for long.
[词义辨析] likely, possible,probable的用法
likely
主语可以是人也可以是物。常用句式为“It is likely that...或sb./sth. be likely to do...”
possible
主语不能是人,常用句式为“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”
probable
不能用人或不定式作主语,常用句式为“It is probable that...”
句型转换
Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
④Brian is gifted in writing music; it is very possible for him to be a Beethoven.
⑤Brian is gifted in writing music; it is very likely/possible/probable that he will be a Beethoven.
构词法(Word Formation)
[语法精析]
一、 构词法的定义及分类
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法、合成法、派生法、首尾缩略法等。
二、 构词法讲解
(一)转化法
1.概念:英语中一个词由一种词类转到另一种或几种词类而不发生词形的变化,称为转化。
2.四种转化
●[观察典例]
Let's go out for a walk.我们出去散散步吧。
Women have an equal say in everything.
妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。
He backed his car into the garage.
他把车倒进车库。
Did you book a seat on the plane?
你订好飞机座位了吗?
The train slowed down to half its speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
She was dressed in blue.她穿着蓝色衣服。
The old here are living a happy life.
这里的老年人过着幸福的生活。
●[归纳方法]
四种转化:①动词转化为名词 ②名词转化为动词
③形容词转化为动词 ④形容词转化为名词。
►[即时训练]
句型转换
1.We had lunch together after the meeting.
→We lunched together after the meeting.
2.Let's fill the water into this bottle.
→Let's bottle the water.
3.You are so fat that you have to go on a diet.
→You are so fat that you have to diet .
4.Snow often falls in my hometown in winter.
→It often snows in my hometown in winter.
(二)合成法
1.概念:由两个或多个单词合成一个新词,通常前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
2.三种合成方式
(1)连成一个词:butterfly蝴蝶;rainbow彩虹
(2)用连字符:wellknown著名的;goodfornothing无用之人
(3)分开写:flower bed花坛;high and tight军人发型
3.四类合成词
(1)合成形容词
●[观察典例]
nobleminded高尚的
goodtempered脾气好的
goodlooking好看的
finesounding动听的
hardworking勤劳的
farreaching深远的
peaceloving热爱和平的
facetoface面对面的
stateowned国营的
heartfelt由衷的
well mannered举止得体的
widespread广泛流传的
largescale大规模的
highclass高级的
dutyfree免税的
lifelong终身的,毕生的
●[归纳方法]
合成形容词的构成方式:①形容词+名词+ed ②形容词+现在分词 ③副词+现在分词 ④名词+现在分词 ⑤名词+过去分词 ⑥副词+过去分词 ⑦形容词+名词 ⑧名词+形容词 ⑨名词+介词+名词
(2)合成名词
●[观察典例]
silkworm蚕
bloodtest验血
doubledealer两面派
shorthand速记
waiting room候车室
sleepingpills安眠药
pickpocket扒手
high school中学
handwriting书法
wedding dress婚纱
gettogether联欢会
hideandseek捉迷藏游戏
downfall垮台
sitdown坐下休息
●[归纳方法]
合成名词的构成方式 :①名词+名词 ②形容词+名词 ③动名词+名词 ④动词+名词 ⑤名词+动名词 ⑥动词+连词+动词 ⑦副词+动词 ⑧动词+副词
(3)合成动词
●[观察典例]
sleepwalk梦游overthrow推翻whitewash粉刷
[归纳方法]
●合成动词的构成方式:①名词+动词 ②副词+动词 ③形容词+动词
(4)合成副词
everywhere到处however无论如何forever永远downstairs在楼下
●[归纳方法]
合成副词的构成方式:①形容词+副词 ②副词+副词 ③介词+副词 ④介词+名词
►[即时训练]
写出下列合成词的汉语意思。
5.salesman 售货员
6.snowwhite 雪白的
7.blacklist 列入黑名单
8.roommate 室友
9.undergo 经历
(三) 派生法
1.概念:在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
2.前缀
(1) 表示否定意义的前缀
●[观察典例]
appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
legal合法的→illegal非法的lead带领→mislead错误引领
stop停下→nonstop不停possible可能的→impossible不可能的
regular规则的→irregular不规则的smoker吸烟的人→nonsmoker不吸烟的人
usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的
●[归纳方法]
表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis,il,im,in,ir,mis,non,un等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
(2)其他意义的前缀
●[观察典例]
alone单独的asleep睡着的forward向前foresee预见
international国际的interview会见microscope显微镜microfilm微型胶片
midnight午夜midautumn中秋的minibus微型汽车miniskirt超短裙
rewrite重写return返回review复习superman超人supermarket超级商场
telephone电话telescope望远镜television电视
●[归纳方法]
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有:a表状态;for,fore先,前,预;inter间,相互;micro微;mid中;mini微型的;re重,再,复;super上,超;tele远距离的
(3)改变词性的前缀
●[观察典例]
large(形容词,大的)→enlarge(动词,扩大)
courage(名词,勇气)→encourage(动词,鼓励)
value(名词,价值)→devalue(动词,降低……的价值)
friend(名词,朋友)→befriend(动词,与……交朋友)
little(形容词,小的)→belittle(动词,轻视)
board(名词,甲板)→aboard(副词,在船上)
side(名词,旁边)→aside(副词,在旁边)
sleep(动词,睡觉)→asleep(形容词,睡着的)
door(名词,门)→outdoor(形容词,户外的)
●[归纳方法]
改变词性的前缀有:en,de,be,a,out等。en前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词;de前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词,其意义大多和原名词相反;be前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词;a前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前,构成形容词或副词;out前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词,加在动词之前构成名词。
3.后缀
(1)构成名词的后缀
●[观察典例]
Chinese中国人,汉语
Japanese日本人,日语
foreigner外国人 teacher老师
cleaner清洁工 sailor水手
actor演员 visitor来访者
artist艺术家 pianist钢琴家
scientist科学家 importance重要
performance执行 absence缺勤
difference区别 invention发明
protection保护 agreement同意
arrangement安排 illness生病 kindness善良
●[归纳方法]
构成名词的后缀常用的有ence,ese(表某地人或语言),er/or/ist(表人),ess(雌性),ian(精通……的人),ist(专业人员),ment(性质;状态),ness(性质;状态),tion(动作;过程)等。
(2)构成形容词的后缀
●[观察典例]
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的
China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的
east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的
●[归纳方法]
构成形容词的后缀常用的有al,able (有能力的),(a)n(某国人的),en (多用于表示材料的名词后),ern (方向的),ese(某国人的),ful,(ic)al,ish,ive,less (表示否定),like (像……的),ly,ous,some,y (表示天气)等。
(3)构成副词的后缀
●[观察典例]
angry生气的→angrily生气地to到→towards
朝……,向……
east东方→eastward向东
●[归纳方法]
构成副词的常用后缀有ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
(4)构成动词的后缀
●[观察典例]
wide宽的→widen加宽
beauty美人,美好→beautify美化
pure纯的→purify提纯
real真的→realize意识到
organ器官→organize组织
●[归纳方法]
构成动词的后缀常用的有en (用于形容词之后),fy (使……化),ize (使……成为)。
►[即时训练]
单句语法填空
10.Theme parks offer more educational things than amusement (amuse) parks do.
11.Smoke can blacken (black) the white walls.
12.The weather in Britain is changeable (change).You can find that one minute it is rainy and the next minute the sun is shining brightly.
13.Sometimes unknown things appear mysterious (mystery) to us.
14.If we human beings keep on killing the wildlife,some animals will disappear (appear) completely.
(四)缩略法
1.[观察典例]
Labour→Lab.(英国)工党
November→Nov.十一月
●[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是靠截去词的尾部构成的。
2.[观察典例]
television→TV电视
postscript→PS附言,又及
●[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是靠保留前缀及词根的首字母构成的。
3.[观察典例]
mister→Mr 先生
doctor→ Dr 医生;博士
●[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是靠保留单词的首尾字母构成的。
4.[观察典例]
Member of Parliament→MP议员
Very Important Person→VIP要人;大人物
information technology→IT信息技术
Internet Service Provider→ISP 互联网服务供应商
●[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的,并且按字母分别读音,虚词省略。
5.[观察典例]
Test of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL 托福考试
computer assisted learning→CAL 计算机辅助学习
United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization→UNESCO 联合国教科文组织
●[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的,并且按单词读音。
►[即时训练]
写出下列词的缩略词
15.the United States of America→ USA 美国
16.World Wide Web→ WWW 万维网
17.the Voice of America→ VOA 美国之音
18.central processing unit→ CPU 中央处理器
[综合演练]
Ⅰ.写出下列黑体词的含义
1.No one nosed the danger before the earthquake. 觉察
2.He was a disturbed child who needed mothering. 悉心照顾
3.Which country is to host the next Olympic Games? 主办
4.I want a say in the management of the business. 发言权
5.The government hopes to better the conditions of the workers. 改善
6.When I passed his room,I saw him papering the wall. 用纸糊
7.Their jobless total reached a record high since 1940. 总数
8.If they are nursed properly,the plants will flower in early spring. 护理;开花
9.He fooled a lot of people into believing that he was nobleminded. 欺骗;品德高尚的
10.After work,the saleswoman didn't head straight home. 女售货员;前往
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Reading will enlarge (large) your vocabulary.
2.When he is low,I often encourage (courage) him.
3.Wait and see—the problem won't just disappear (appear).
4. Unfortunately (unfortunate),Chaplin and his friend didn't find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.
5.There is still room for improvement (improve) in your work.
6.The amazing (amaze) thing is that it was kept secret for so long.
7.The two girls are similarly (similar) dressed and I can hardly tell them apart.
8.When they heard of it,they immediately (immediate) came to my help.
9.After the long journey,the three of them returned home,hungry and exhausted (exhaust).
10.She felt a mixture (mix) of excitement and fear when hearing the news.
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