语法写作 第二板块 第一讲 如何深度读文，顺文构思（课件）-【新高考方案】2026年高考英语一轮总复习（人教 主题复习版）

专题二　 读后续写增分指导 读后续写主要考查考生的快速读文能力和短时续写能力。该题型要求考生先阅读一篇350词左右的短文，短文一般是非完整的、情节丰富的记叙文(考查最多)或条理清晰的说明文或富含哲理的议论文(考查较少)，然后根据要求和提示(续写部分给出的两个段落的开头语)进行合理地续写，使之与所给材料在情节发展、语言风格和人物特征上高度一致，浑然一体。续写词数要求150左右。 一、评分原则 1．本题总分为25分，按五个档次进行评分。 2．评分时，应从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为： (1)续写内容的质量、完整性以及与原文情境的融洽度。 (2)所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。 (3)上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。 3．评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 4．评分时还应注意： (1)词数少于120的，酌情扣分。 (2)书写较差以致影响交际的，酌情扣分。 (3)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑，英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 二、评分标准(第五档和第四档) 档次 描述 第五档 (21－25分) —创造了丰富合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高。 —有效使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达流畅，语言错误少，且完全不影响理解。 —有效地使用了语句间的衔接手段，全文结构清晰，意义连贯。 第四档 (16－20分) —创造了比较丰富合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融洽度较高。 —比较有效使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达比较流畅，有个别错误，但完全不影响理解。 —比较有效地使用了语句间的衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。 续表 第一讲　如何深度读文，顺文构思 与原文情境融洽度高，与所提供的各段落开头语衔接连贯、合理，是续写的基本要求，也是最重要的评分标准。如何做到这两点，这里给大家介绍一下“523”读思技法。 一、“5R法”读前文 1．Read for characters(读人物) 续写前文一般有2到3个主要人物，其余为次要人物。确定故事中人物的主次、身份、性格特点等有利于理解故事情节，并为续写后文做好准备。 2．Read for plots(读情节) 续写前文一般有一条清晰的故事情节线索，即故事的发展脉络，它包括开端、发展、高潮和结局。理清故事发展脉络有助于设计续写两段的故事情节。 3．Read for emotions(读情感) 续写前文中人物的情感大多较为明显，而且随着故事的发展，人物的情感会有起伏变化，如由喜转悲，或由悲转喜。具体的情感主要有“悲伤、失望、高兴、兴奋、满意、自豪”等。理清续写前文中人物的情感变化有助于设计续写两段的故事情节并确定故事情节走向。 4．Read for conflicts(读冲突) 续写前文在发展过程中一般都会出现一些暂时无法解决的矛盾或问题，也就是故事冲突。理清这些故事冲突有助于确定续写两段的故事情节走向。 5．Read for theme(读主题) 续写前文一般都不会给出明确的故事主题，而是让考生通过阅读前文，创设出一个符合前文故事情节的主题。续写故事的常考主题有：诚信、感恩、善良、自信、和谐、友好等。考生在阅读完前文后，可以根据故事情节、故事冲突和人物情感等，确定一个合乎前文情理的故事主题。 二、“2句法”定框架 借助“5R法”读前文所得出的信息，迅速用“2句法”确定续写故事的框架，这有助于确保续写故事不会偏离前文的故事主题和情节。读后续写不同于其他作文，可采用倒推法进行构思。 第1句：先写续写第二段的结尾句(主题句) 第2句：再写续写第一段的结尾句(过渡句) 三、“3原则”建情节 建构故事情节时，为确保故事情节与前文的融洽度高并且符合故事中人物的身份、文化习俗和思维方式等，就必须遵循以下三个原则： 1．Action—Response原则：一个角色的行为之后必定会有其他角色的反应，说话或动作、情绪表达等都是可能的反应。 2．Conflict—Solution原则：续写第一段或第二段必定会把前文中的冲突解决掉，这就是“冲突—解决”原则。当然，也可以在第一段增加必要的冲突并在第二段中给予解决。 3．Negative—Positive原则：无论前文中人物的情感如何，续写结尾时，对人物情感的处理必须是积极向上的，传递正能量。 [典题例析] (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. “We made it，” he said. Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: “Out of order. Sorry.” 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.　 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 技法演示 第一步：“5R法”读前文 1．Read for characters(读人物) 主要人物 I (the author), Gunter 人物身份 I was a strange visitor in Vienna; Gunter was a taxi driver. 人物性格 I and Gunter were both honest, straight and kind. 2．Read for plots(读情节) 在九月一个难忘的夜晚，因风暴导致航班延误一个半小时，“我”匆忙下飞机赶乘去布拉格的末班车。在机场“我”跳上第一辆出租车，遇到了司机Gunter。由于他没听说过“我”要去的汽车站，他打电话询问朋友后送“我”到达目的地，到达时“我”发现没钱支付车费，而出租车上的刷卡机也无法使用。Gunter指给“我”一台取款机，但机器却坏了。 3．Read for emotions(读情感) (1)作者的情感：下飞机打车时，十分着急；Gunter把“我”送到车站时，“我”很感激；付车费给Gunter时，“我”发现身上没有现金，感到抱歉；用卡支付时，发现无法刷卡，“我”感到无助；Gunter指点“我”去取款机取款时，机器出现故障，“我”感到失望。 (2)Gunter的情感：Gunter听不懂“我”要去哪里，帮“我”询问时，很有耐心；Gunter把“我”及时送到车站，很高兴；Gunter等着“我”付钱时，很有耐心。 4．Read for conflicts(读冲突) “我”在异国他乡乘坐出租车后没现金支付车费，也刷不了卡。(可以思考续写部分该如何支付车费) 5．Read for theme(读主题) 通读前文后，根据故事中的主要人物和事件可知，本故事的续写主题可以是“信任、善良、真诚”等。 第二步：“2句法”定框架 利用“5R法”读前文得出的信息，可以写出两个关键句子如下： 第1句：先写续写第二段的结尾句(主题句) ①(信任) He has restored my faith in humanity. 他恢复了我对人性的信心。 ②(善良) A small act of kindness could make a great difference to others. 一个小小的善举可能会对别人产生很大的影响。 ③(热心) I felt grateful to have such a friend, Gunter, who is warm­hearted, honest and helpful. 我很感激有Gunter这样的朋友，他热心、诚实、乐于助人。 第2句：再写续写第一段的结尾句(过渡句) ①I gave him a big wave through the bus window. 我隔着车窗使劲地向他挥了挥手。 ②We exchanged contact information before I got on the bus. 在我上车之前，我们交换了联系方式。 ③An intense wave of gratitude surrounded me like a beam of sunlight, throwing me into a sense of warmth. 一股强烈的感激之情如一束阳光围绕着我，让我感到温暖。 第三步：“3原则”建情节 依据“5R法”读前文得出的信息和“2句法”确定的故事框架，再利用“3原则”可以建构出续写故事情节： 续写第一段：Gunter听到“我”的坏消息后，没有生气或失望，而是催“我”赶紧上车并安慰“我”说不用付钱了。“我”如释重负，要了他的电话号码并承诺返回后再联系他。然后赶紧上了车，汽车发动后，“我”感到欣慰和感激。 续写第二段：“我”和Gunter再次见面了，把车费给了他，并且对他表示感谢。这次难忘的经历让“我”意识到善良的行为会给他人带来积极的影响。 完成读后续写 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. ①(Gunter的行为) Much to my surprise, however, he urged me to get on the bus instead of getting angry, adding that I didn't have to pay him for the ride. ②(作者的反应) A feeling of relief washed over me and I asked Gunter for his phone number, ③(冲突)ensuring that I would pay him after returning to Vienna. ④ (Gunter的行为) He waved good­bye to me and wished me a smooth journey. Hardly had I sat on the bus when it started to move. ⑤(过渡句：作者的反应) Instantly, an intense wave of gratitude surrounded me like a beam of sunlight, throwing me into a sense of warmth. Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. ⑥(Gunter的行为) He agreed to meet me in a delighted voice. ⑦(作者的反应) A few minutes later, when Gunter approached me, I rushed to him and gave him a hug, conveying my appreciation to him. ⑧(冲突的解决) Then I gave him the money along with a small gift. ⑨(作者的行为) I gratefully informed him that it was with his help that I didn't miss my important conference. ⑩(Gunter的反应) Hearing my words, Gunter flashed me a celebrating smile. ⑪(消极→积极) Never before had I got such a unique experience, which has a profound influence on me in my life. ⑫(主题句) A small act of kindness could make a great difference to others. $$