选择性必修第四册（教师用书）-【新高考方案】2026年高考英语一轮总复习（人教版）

|背|单|词| 一、阅读单词(明其义) 1．fiction n．　　　　　 小说；虚构的事 2．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金；红利 3．ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 4．integrity n. 诚实正直；完整；完好 5．dignity n. 庄重；庄严；尊严 6．absurd adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的 7．nail n. 指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt. (用钉子)钉牢；固定 8．saleswoman n. 女售货员；女推销员 9．ladder n. 梯子；阶梯 10．rumour n. 谣言；传闻 11．presume vt.& vi. 假设；假定 12．chairwoman n. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长 13．gramme n. 克(重量单位) 14．flour n. 面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉 15．venue n. 活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等) 16．salesman n. 售货员；推销员 17．alien n. 外星人(生物)；外国人 adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的 18．blurred adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 19．inaction n. 无行动；不采取措施 20．leather n. 皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套 21．lever n. 操纵杆；杠杆 22．panel n. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 23．inch n. 英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米) 24．grip vt.& vi. 紧握；抓紧 25．hazy adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 26．niece n. 侄女；外甥女 27．handkerchief n. 手帕；纸巾 28．puff n. (烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息 29．maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 30．jolt n. 震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt.& vi. (使)震动；摇晃 31．flip vt.& vi. (使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛 32．stun vt. 使震惊；使昏迷 33．overstatement n. 夸大；夸张 二、核心单词(书写准) 1．salary n. 薪水；薪金 2．whereas conj. 然而；但是；尽管 3．fare n. 车费；船费；飞机票价 4．weekly adj. 每周的 n. 周刊 5．labour n. 劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作 6．backwards adv. 向后；倒着；往回 7．fetch vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来 8．lamp n. 灯；台灯 9．pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 三、变形单词(晓其变) 1．appoint v．　　 任命；委任；安排 appointment n. 预约；约会；委任 appointed adj. 指定的；约定的 2．guilt n. 内疚；悔恨；犯罪 guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 3．suspend vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 suspension n. 悬浮；暂停；停职 4．dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；免职 dismissal n. 解雇；免职 5．declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布 declaration n. 申报(单)；宣布；公告；声明 6．calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测 calculation n. 计算 calculator n. 计算器 7．superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；更高的 superiority n. 优越感；优势；优越(性) 8．divide v. 分开；使意见不一 division n. 分开；分隔；差异；除(法) 9．urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐 urgency n. 紧急；紧急的事 urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地 10．random adj. 随机的；不可思议的 randomly adv. 随机；随意；未加计划地 11．explode vi.& vt. 爆炸；爆破 explosion n. 爆炸；突然爆发；激增 12．mud n. 泥；泥浆 muddy adj. 多泥的；泥泞的 四、同“族”词汇(巧积累) 1．以ly结尾的形容词荟萃 ①weekly 每周的　　 ②monthly　　每月的 ③yearly 每年的 ④friendly 友好的 ⑤lovely 可爱的 ⑥lively 活泼的 ⑦lonely 孤独的 ⑧deadly 致命的 2．名词加y变形容词集锦 ①guilt内疚→guilty内疚的 ②wind风→windy有风的 ③storm暴风雨→stormy有暴风雨的 ④mud泥→muddy泥泞的 ⑤fog雾→foggy有雾的 ⑥luck幸运→lucky幸运的 ⑦health健康→healthy健康的 |背|短|语| 1．test out　　　 　 检验；测试 2．more like 更像是；更接近 3．on a ... basis 根据；以……的方式(基准) 4．pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 5．superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹 6．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 8．turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是；生产 9．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失 10．have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事 11．experiment with 以……做试验 12．after all 毕竟；终究 |背|佳|句| 一、背教材原句，学高级句式 1．He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.[suggest that ...(should＋) do sth.] 他还建议在他离开，也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上，克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。 2．It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and science fiction in the future.(find＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式) 如果我们发现将来很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也就不足为奇了。 二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达 单元主题：未来生活 1．Scientists claim that this technical innovation will save us much time and labor, which is a breakthrough. 科学家声称，这项技术创新将为我们节省大量的时间和劳动力，这是一个突破。 2．With science becoming more advanced, transportation is more convenient, people live much longer and the level of their living conditions is higher. 随着科学的进步，交通更加便利，人们的寿命更长，生活水平也更高。 3．In conclusion, I believe the development of science and technology will have significant impacts on our life. 总之，我相信科技的发展会给我们的生活带来重大的影响。 |背|语|段| 以读促写：场景渲染之“对话”场景 His head hung spiritlessly and he seemed to be crying.“You know the team needs you, don't you, David？” My words broke the silence.“I don't want to let them down, sir. I couldn't live with myself，” he whispered, still hanging his head in frustration.“You know that by not running you will disappoint them all.Don't you want to run？” I asked.“More than anything but the conditions are so difficult and the forest so dense that I'm afraid I won't make it，” he answered. “You'll never know unless you try！” Thinking for a while, David stood up，thanked me and walked away, a determined look on his face. 他无精打采地低着头，好像要哭的样子。“你知道这支队需要你，是吗，大卫？”我的话打破了沉默。“老师，我不想让他们失望，我对自己都过意不去。”他小声说着，仍神情沮丧地低着头。“你知道，不跑你会让他们都失望的。你不想跑吗？”我问道。“别的不说，条件太艰难，树林又稠密，我担心我不行。”他回答。“你不尝试，永远不知道你能行！”大卫想了一会，站起来，感谢了我就走开了，脸上显出刚毅的表情。 高分悟道 本段中使用了多处人物对话，其中表示“说”的引述词有“My words, whispered, asked, answered”等，丰富了语言表达。 高分有招 表示“说”的高分词块有： words knotting in his throat 他嗓子哽咽着 express one's appreciation incoherently语无伦次地表达感激之情 scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫 yell at 对……大嚷大叫 mutter a few words of apology低声嘀咕了几句道歉的话 murmur sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事 adding that ... 补充说…… 一、默写核心单词 1．starting salary　　　　　　 起薪 2．whereas others do not 然而其他的则不然 3．afford the air fare 负担得起机票 4．subscribe to a weekly magazine 订阅周刊 5．do physical/mental labour 从事体力/脑力劳动 6．take a step backwards 向后退一步 7．fetch the kids from school 去学校接孩子 8．switch on the lamp 打开台灯 9．keep up with the pace of the times 跟上时代的步伐 二、默写变形单词 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 三、默写重点短语 1．test_out_　　　　　 检验；测试 2．more_like_ 更像是；更接近 3．on_a_...basis_ 根据；以……的方式(基准) 4．pros_and_cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 5．superior_to 比……更好；更胜一筹 6．take_over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7．conflict_with 与……冲突或抵触 8．turn_out_ 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是；生产 9．have_an_urge_to 有强烈的欲望做某事 10．experiment_with 以……做试验 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．He_suggested_that_she_invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. 他还建议在他离开，也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上，克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。 2．It would not be surprising if we found_it_difficult_to_distinguish between reality and science fiction in the future. 如果我们发现将来很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也就不足为奇了。 一、变形词汇——练清易错微点　 1．Cathy did a rough calculation (calculate) that they made a profit of ￡20,000 last year. 2．Then there was an explosion (explode) of applause from the audience at the end of the excellent performance. 3．The division (divide) of Europe into countries is the result of its complicated history. 4．Johnson suffered from depression after his dismissal (dismiss) from the company. 5．Feeling extremely guilty (guilt), I'm writing to convey my sincere apology to you. 6．Art experts have appealed for the suspension (suspend) of plans to restore one of Leonardo da Vinci's most celebrated paintings. 7．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)As far as I'm concerned, it's not a good idea to randomly (random) pair up students for the spoken English training after class. 8．The reason why I can't keep my appointment (appoint) is that I have signed up for a volunteer activity themed “Trash Sorting, All Involved” . ,易错微点 1．calculate的常用句型为It is calculated that ... “据估算……(其中it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语)”。 2．以de结尾的动词变名词时，常去掉­de加­sion。如第2题的explode和第3题的divide。 3．guilty的常用搭配为be/feel guilty for/at/about ...“为/对……感到内疚”。 二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳　 1．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 ①He declared against the plan because it wasn't practical. ②They will ask you to sign a declaration (declare) allowing your doctor to disclose your medical details. ③(场景描写)The instant the match was_declared_to_be_open,_all the students in our school burst into cheers. 比赛一宣布开始，我校全体学生就突然欢呼起来。, (1)declare sb./sth.to be 宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against 表示赞成/反对…… declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战 declare that ... 宣布…… (2)declaration n. 申报；宣布；公告；声明 2．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 ①Environmental protection has become an urgent (urge) issue for human beings. ②The shortage of water has become a global problem that needs to be solved urgently (urgent)． ③(倡议书)It is_urged_that_we_students_(should)_take_regular_exercise to keep fit and energetic. 坚决要求我们学生应该经常锻炼以保持健康和精力充沛。 ④(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为并且做出改变。(一句多译) →To protect oceans better, we must_urge_more_people_to_reflect_on their own improper behavior and make changes.(urge sb. to do sth.) →To protect oceans better, we must_urge_that_more_people_(should)_reflect_on their own improper behavior and make changes.(urge that ...), (1)have/feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事 (2)urge sb.to do/into doing sth. 强烈要求某人做某事 urge that sb.(should) do sth. 极力主张某人做某事 It is urged that ...(should) do sth. 坚决要求……做某事 (3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 in urgent need (of) 急需 (4)urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地 三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏　 1．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 　(用适当的介、副词填空) ①I took down everything he mentioned and poured more efforts into the project. ②I'd appreciate it if you could take over the driving for a while. ③With the development of science and technology, our country has taken on a new look. ④Even though my studies take up most of my day, I always help my mother with the housework. ⑤The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night. , take away　　 拿走；夺走 take down 写下；记下；拆卸 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on 接纳；雇用；呈现；承担 take up 拿起；接受；占据；开始从事；继续 2．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是；生产；制造 　(用turn的相关短语填空) ①(2024·浙江1月高考写作)It turns_out_ that even without a clear sense of direction, there's always a way to find one's way. ②He realized he was in the wrong and promised to turn_over a new leaf. ③It suddenly occurred to me that I could turn_to my father for help. ④I'm writing to sincerely apologize to you for my failing to turn_in my essay on schedule., turn against　　 反对；背叛 turn up 出现；找出；调高 turn down 调小(音量等)；拒绝 turn to 向……求助；转向 turn over 翻转；反复考虑；移交 turn in 上交；提交 四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)　 ①The manager dismissed my idea without even listening to it.__B__ ②I hurried to the school only to find the teacher had dismissed the class earlier.__A__ ③Dismissing her fears, she gathered her courage and climbed higher.__D__ ④The parents felt sorry when their son was dismissed by the boss.__C__ dismiss A．vt.让(某人)离开；解散 B．vt.不予考虑；摒弃 C．vt.解雇；免职；开除 D．vt.消除；摒除(思想、感情等) 数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段 　　　 　 (2022·浙江高考·阅读理解B篇)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long­distance communication and energy, electricity created the modern world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier. “It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions，” writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers: Steam, Electricity, and the Men Who Invented Modern America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative (叙述) so lively that at times it reads like a novel. The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected “the machine that changed the world”. Klein writes, “America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else.” Meanwhile, over the course of the 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulb (白炽灯泡) that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current (交流电), which soon became the major form of power delivery. To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one. [真题评价] [价值导向]　本文是一篇书评。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。文章旨在引导学生欣赏科技相关的文学作品，辩证思考人类发展与科技之间的关系，启发学生从多维角度深入思考人类社会的发展。 1．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity? A．It is closely linked to the steam age. B．It began earlier than people thought. C．It is a little­studied period of history. D．It will come to an end sooner or later. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中Klein说的话“It is curious that no one has put together ... revolutions”可知， Klein认为没有人把蒸汽革命和电力革命的历史放在一起是很奇怪的，由此可知，他认为电力时代和蒸汽时代是密切相关的，故选A。 2．What can be inferred about Ned? A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many interesting stories. C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Klein creates the character of Ned ... electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime”可知，Ned在他的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。再结合第三段和第四段的内容可知，Klein在书中描绘了18世纪末期和19世纪蒸汽和电力的发展。由此可推知，Ned主要生活在19世纪。 3．What is the text? A．A biography.　　　 B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report. 解析：选B　文章出处题。文章首段通过电力和蒸汽引出Maury Klein的书，接下来对该书内容进行了介绍。最后一段提到为了构建他的故事，Klein创造了Ned这个虚构的角色，并使Ned在他的一生中见证了美国蒸汽和电力革命带来的进步，这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。由此可推知，本文是一篇书评。 [语篇精读] 一、理文脉，把握文章大意 本文是一篇书评，采用了“问题—解决”型的语篇模式。 二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(合成词)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity.n.命脉；命根子 ②(熟词生义)Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.adj.著名的，有名的 ③(一词多义)The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected “the machine that changed the world”．v.完善，使完美 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①put together　　　 合并；归依；归到一处 ②put ... to use 使用；利用；应用 ③depend on 依赖于；取决于；依靠 ④with help from 在……的帮助下 ⑤a witness to ……的一个证人 ⑥bring about 引起；导致 三、析难句，破解阅读障碍 1．The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected “the machine that changed the world”． 抓标志：关系副词where；关系代词that 判类型：主句＋定语从句(又含一个定语从句) 试翻译：故事开始于18世纪的最后几年，在苏格兰，瓦特完善了“改变世界的机器”。 2．America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else. 抓标志：并列连词but；从属连词once 判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含一个条件状语从句) 试翻译：蒸汽机并不是美国人发明的，但是一旦他们掌握了蒸汽机的可能性，他们就把它用在了比任何人都多的地方。 3．With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major form of power delivery. 抓标志：关系代词which 判类型：主句＋定语从句 试翻译：在特斯拉的帮助下，威斯汀豪斯的公司开发了一种使用交流电的系统，交流电很快成为电力输送的主要形式。 由教材典句，学高级表达　 句式1　suggest that ...(should＋) do sth.|解|读|规|则| (1)suggest表示“建议”时，多用于suggest＋doing/that从句或It is suggested that从句，从句使用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。 (2)suggest表示“暗示；表明”时，其后的宾语从句使用陈述语气。 (3)名词suggestion后接同位语从句时，要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) ①Mary said, “Let's go to the art exhibition this afternoon.” →Mary suggested_our_going_to the art exhibition that afternoon.(简单句) →Mary suggested_that_we_(should)_go_to the art exhibition that afternoon.(复合句) ②The local people suggest that the government appeal to the citizens to save water. →It's_suggested_that the government appeal to the citizens to save water.(it作形式主语) |应|用|写|美| ③(建议信)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时的时间读英语，这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。 I strongly_suggest_that_you_(should)_set_aside one hour to read English every day, which will gradually improve your spoken English. ④(情节描写)然后，她建议我和我的妈妈谈谈，并耐心地帮助我整理我的思绪。 Then she suggested_that_I_(should)_talk_to_my_mom,_helping me patiently organize my thoughts. 句式2　find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth. |解|读|规|则| (1)此结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语，形容词作宾语补足语。 (2)it作形式宾语，用于“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”即“6123”，此结构中：“6”指常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；“1”指形式宾语it；“2”指宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词和名词；“3”指真正的宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。 |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) ①I thought there was no use feeling frightened and that finding my way out of the forest was what I must do at the moment. →I_thought_it_no_use_feeling_frightened and finding my way out of the forest was what I must do at the moment. ②I find that improving my oral English is difficult, so I'm writing to sincerely ask for your proposals. →I find_it_difficult_to_improve_my_oral_English,_so I'm writing to sincerely ask for your proposals. |应|用|写|美| ③(建议信)我认为你有必要在交作业之前先检查一遍。 I think_it_necessary_that_you_(should_)_go_over_your_homework before you hand it in. ④(主旨升华句)直到那时，我才发现抱怨是没有用的，相反，我应该积极地处理问题。 Only then did_I_find_it_useless_to_complain;_instead, I should handle the trouble actively. 建构语义场，丰富语料库　 子语境(一)　未来的家庭 1．come true　　　　　　 实现 2．benefit from 从……获益 3．scientific breakthrough 科学突破 4．promote the quality of people's life 提高人们的生活质量 5．The chances are that nursing robots will come into every family. 护理机器人很可能会走进各家各户。 6．With the development of science and technology，our life will be surely more convenient and comfortable. 随着科学技术的发展，我们的生活一定会更加方便和舒适。 子语境(二)　未来的工作 1．have more flexible work schedules 有更灵活的工作时间安排 2．achieve a better work­life balance 在工作和生活之间获得更好的平衡 3．save money on transport costs 节省交通方面的开支 4．We can imagine a future in which robots will do a variety of jobs. 我们可以想象一下，未来机器人将能从事各种各样的工作。 子语境(三)　未来的教育 1．on a scientific basis　　　　 在科学的基础上 2．distance learning courses 远程教育课程 3．improve learning efficiency 提高学习效率 4．interact with virtual teachers and classmates 与虚拟老师和同学互动 5．In the future, people will lay more emphasis on health education. 在未来，人们将更加重视健康教育。 6．Students will be able to choose subjects offered by some educational institutions on the Internet according to their levels, interests and needs. 学生可以根据自己的水平、兴趣和需求在互联网上选择一些教育机构提供的课程。 主题微写作，勤练笔不辍　 (一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现) Life in the future It would not be surprising if we ①find_life_more_comfortable_and_more_convenient (发现生活更加舒适和便捷；find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) in the future. We'll benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in a variety of aspects. In our daily life, our house ②will be taken over(将被接管) by AI, and at the same time, we will be looked after by robots, which are ③more_like_humans_than_machines (更像人而不是机器). ④It turns out (结果是) that the devices in the smart houses are so superior that they will give us warnings about the potential dangers. In addition, it is suggested that ⑤students_should_stay_at_home(学生们待在家里)and study in a virtual reality school in the future. All in all, ⑥I have a strong urge to spend more time on creating (我强烈渴望能花更多的时间来创作), thinking and “being human” in the future. (二)对标单元主题创写语段 2045年，作者参加了一次学校组织的月球探险活动，希望能在月球上发现外星人的踪迹。请你根据所给首句提示，写一个片段，描写作者在月球上经历的奇妙的一夜。注意要有场景、动作及心理描写。 It was hot at night and I couldn't fall asleep in the tent, so I crawled out of the tent and walked around to cool down.　 　 参考范文：(配有课件“名师析题”) It was hot at night and I couldn't fall asleep in the tent, so I crawled out of the tent and walked around to cool down. The sky was clear and stars were shining. Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and then near my tent appeared a flying saucer, which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day.I quickly hid behind a stone and saw an alien come down through a round door.He walked into my tent and came out with something in his hand.The saucer then flew away.I immediately ran into my tent and found that my telephone was gone. I was so puzzled that I couldn't believe what I had seen. But I decided that the next time the alien came, I would talk to him. 课时作业(一) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·平凉模拟)Last Friday, a special concert took place at the National Theater of Korea. It included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by a robot called EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo­Yeoul Choi, who leads the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra.Both conductors worked together on the final piece. EveR 6 is a robot built by the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology.It's about as tall as a person, and has a human­like face that can show emotions.It has joints in its neck, shoulders, elbows, and wrists.As a result, it can move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions. But EveR 6 doesn't think on its own like some advanced Artificial Intelligence programs.Instead, it has a limited group of movements that it has been trained to perform.To make these movements as natural as possible, EveR 6's movements are based on motions of real human conductors.When EveR 6 swung its baton for the first time, a gong rang out.Every movement of the robot's arms brought more instruments into the mix, and the orchestra's music grew louder and more exciting. Mr Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved.“The robot was able to present such detailed moves much better than I had imagined，” he said.But the robot still is not nearly ready to replace a human conductor.Mr Choi says the robot's greatest weakness is that it can't hear.“Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat，” says Mr Choi.But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra, so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays. Mr Choi said that once EveR 6 started, “the musicians had no choice but to follow its beats.” He said this created a situation where “the performers have to communicate and ‘sense’ each other to follow the correct beats.” Mr Choi doesn't think robots are likely to replace human conductors.But he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了机器人指挥管弦乐队的情况。 1．What is the main disadvantage of EveR 6? A．It cannot keep the beat steady. B．Its movements are not so natural. C．It cannot show emotions like humans. D．It lacks the ability of thinking independently. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“But EveR 6 doesn't think on its own like some advanced Artificial Intelligence programs.”可知，它主要的缺点是无法独立思考。 2．What did Mr Choi mean by saying that “the musicians had no choice but to follow its beats”？ A．The robot is programmed with correct beats. B．The musicians are not allowed to communicate. C．The robot is trained to be strict with the performers. D．The robot cannot interact with the musicians. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中Choi说的话可知，音乐家们“别无选择，只能跟着节拍走”，是因为机器人不能和乐队互动交流。 3．What is Mr Choi's attitude toward EveR 6? A．Negative.　　　　　 B．Objective. C．Subjective. D．Indifferent. 解析：选B　观点态度题。根据第四段中“The robot was able to present such detailed moves much better than I had imagined”以及“Mr Choi says the robot's greatest weakness is that it can't hear.”可知，Choi分别说明了机器人的优点和缺点，由此可推断出他对机器人的评价是客观的。 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Robot EveR 6 conducts an orchestra B．A competition between human and robot C．The power of AI robot technology D．Revive orchestral performances in Korea 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了机器人EveR 6指挥管弦乐队的情况。故A选项“机器人EveR 6指挥管弦乐队”适合作文章标题。 B (2025·郴州模拟)Imagine living in a cool, green city alive with parks and threaded with footpaths, bike lanes and buses which transport people to shops, schools and service centers in a matter of minutes. This fancy dream is behind the idea of the 15­minute city, where all basic needs and services are within a quarter of an hour's reach, improving public health and lowering vehicle emissions. Artificial intelligence could help urban planners realize that vision faster, with a new study from researchers at Tsinghua University in China demonstrating how machine learning can generate more efficient spatial layouts (空间布局) than humans can. Automation scientist Zheng Yu and his colleagues wanted to find new solutions to improve our cities which are fast becoming blocked. They developed an AI system to tackle the tough tasks of urban planning and found it can produce urban plans that outperform human designs by about 50 percent in three aspects: access to services, green spaces and traffic levels. Starting small, Zheng's team tasked their model with designing the urban area only a few square kilometers in size (about 3×3 blocks). After two days of training, the AI system searched for the ideal road designs and land use to fit with the concept of the 15­minute city and local planning policies and needs. While the AI model has some capabilities that could extend its use for planning larger urban areas, designing entire cities will be more complex. Drafting a neighborhood consisting of 4×4 blocks contains twice as many planning decisions as designing 3×3 blocks, the researchers said. But automating even a few steps in the planning process can save huge amounts of time: the AI model can compute in seconds certain tasks that take human planners between 50 to 100 minutes to work through. Rather than AI replacing people, Zheng and his colleagues think their AI system can work as an “assistant” to urban planners, who could generate concept designs optimized (优化) by the system, and reviewed, adjusted and evaluated by human experts based on community feedback. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国清华大学研究人员的一项新研究展示，人工智能可以帮助城市规划者更快地创建城市规划设计。 5．According to the text, which of the following is NOT a benefit of the “15­minute city” concept? A．Better public health. B．Lower vehicle emissions. C．Decreased access to green spaces. D．Fast and convenient service. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段“This fancy dream ... lowering vehicle emissions.”可知，15分钟城市规划可以使所有的基本需求和服务都在一刻钟的时间内得到满足，从而改善了公众健康，降低了汽车排放，只有“降低进入绿地的机会”与首段中提到的梦幻般的城市梦想相反。 6．Which major issue in cities did Zheng Yu and his team want to address? A．High levels of pollution. B．Limited access to public services. C．Shortage of affordable housing. D．Rising crowding and traffic problems. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Automation scientist Zheng Yu and his colleagues wanted to find new solutions to improve our cities which are fast becoming blocked.”可知，郑宇和他的同事们正在寻找新的方法来改善我们正在变得堵塞的城市，由此可知，日益拥挤和交通问题是他们想要解决的城市中的主要问题。 7．What can be concluded from the text about the AI model's capabilities? A．It can design entire cities efficiently. B．It takes longer to train for larger urban areas. C．It can complete tasks much faster than human planners. D．It is limited to planning only a few square kilometers at a time. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“But automating ... to work through. ”人工智能模型可以在几秒内计算出人类规划者50到100分钟才能完成的某些任务，由此可知，人工智能可以完成任务的速度比人类设计师更快。 8．What's the best title for this text? A．Designing better cities with AI B．The 15­Minute City: A Dream or Reality? C．Improving Public Health with Greener Cities D．The Role of Machine Learning in Urban Design 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第三段可知，本文主要介绍的是利用人工智能可以设计出更好的城市，所以“利用人工智能设计更好的城市”符合主题，最适合作为本文的标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How Star Wars Changed Movie­making Forever “May the force be with you！” If you are a Star Wars fan, then you have probably heard this phrase many times.__9__ So many characters, devices, and phrases from the movie have become well­known.But you might be surprised to find out how much this movie has changed how movies are made. “A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away ...” is how Star Wars begins.Its plot was not ground­breaking.__10__ The story was typical science fiction with lots of drama, traditional characters and good battling evil, in space and in hand­to­hand fight. It was the special effects that made Star Wars stand out from other movies.People still talk about the light swords that could cut，burn and melt through most substances.Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge, realistic­looking space stations.__11__ When Star Wars first came out in 1977, most movie theaters were stand­alone buildings, with just one movie screen.Using the money Star Wars had made for them，movie­theater owners built more theaters, leading to the multiplexes (多影厅影院) that are common today. Theaters needed more movies to show on all the additional movie screens and in all the new multiplexes.So new movie companies sprang up, including small ones creating experimental movies.__12__ Some of the methods became popular and others failed.But, thanks to Star Wars, people got to see new types of movies. __13__ There had been movie continuations previously, but they were often just poor imitations of the first movie.The Star Wars movies were all popular.There have been two trilogies (三部曲) so far, with more planned. A．They tried out new techniques. B．In fact, it was quite old­fashioned. C．Moviegoers had never seen anything like it. D．Thus, audience began to enjoy science fiction movies there. E．Star Wars was the first really successful movie trilogy in history. F．If you are not a fan, you are still likely familiar with these words. G．If you are a movie maker, you may be inspired by this classic film. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《星球大战》对电影制作的影响。 9．选F　根据上文“如果你是《星球大战》的粉丝，那么你可能已经听过很多次这个短语了”以及下文“电影中的许多角色、装置和短语都广为人知”可知， F项“如果你不是一个粉丝，你仍然可能熟悉这些词。”承上启下，符合语意。 10．选B　根据上文“很久以前，在一个遥远的星系里”以及“它的情节并不是突破性的”可知，这个故事的情节很老旧，与B项“事实上，它是相当老式的。”表达的含义一致。 11．选C　根据上文“人们仍然在谈论可以切割、燃烧和融化大多数物质的光剑。太空船在太空中飞驰，降落在巨大的、看起来逼真的空间站上。”可知，人们谈论的这样的场面不是真实的，是从来没见过，与C项“电影观众从未见过这样的场面。”表达的含义一致。 12．选A　根据下文“其中一些方法变得流行起来，另一些则失败了。但是，多亏了《星球大战》，人们看到了新类型的电影。”可知，电影院尝试了新的技术，与A项“他们尝试了新技术。”表达的含义一致。 13．选E　根据下文“之前也有电影续集，但它们往往只是对第一部电影的拙劣模仿。《星球大战》的电影都很受欢迎。”可知，星球大战是历史上一部成功的电影，与E项“《星球大战》是历史上第一部真正成功的电影三部曲。 ”表达的含义一致。 课时作业(二) Ⅰ.完形填空 (2025·沈阳模拟)While enjoying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam, I noticed something odd. Customers coming in for something to eat ignored the person standing behind the counter (柜台), preferring to __1__ through a smartphone. What was the crazy thing about this? They were just several __2__ apart! In fact, they were so close that the staff member took a quick __3__ at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables — all without any words __4__. Now, I get it: Modern technology allows us to be more __5__， but I might be witnessing something deeper: we prefer not to talk to each other anymore. Think about it for a moment. When was the last time you naturally __6__ a conversation with somebody you didn't know? The chances are that you don't even __7__！ Likely either you or the other person was “busy” with other things like __8__ with a smartphone. Now, with the __9__ of digital technologies, one can't help but pay the __10__ for modern efficiency: our ability to talk to strangers. We shop, __11__ a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app. __12__ with random strangers is becoming rarer and rarer. Yet there are surprising __13__ of having even a short and simple conversation with strangers. You might learn something __14__， and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and __15__ a special bond in our modern world. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了随着数字技术的兴起，人们通过手机来完成生活中的很多事情，渐渐失去了和陌生人沟通的能力。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．A.talk B．call C．order D．deliver 解析：选C　根据空后“through a smartphone”可知，在餐馆中顾客通过智能手机点餐(order)。 2．A.meters B．millimeters C．kilometers D．centimeters 解析：选D　根据下文“they were so close that the staff member took a quick ________ at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables”可知，工作人员能看到顾客的手机屏幕，故他们相距只有几厘米(centimeters)远。 3．A.chance B．turn C．look D．test 解析：选C　根据上文“they were so close”及空后“at his screen”可知，工作人员可以看到(look)顾客的手机屏幕。 4．A.spoken B．written C．typed D．mentioned 解析：选A　根据上下文语境可知，这一切是在一句话也没有说(spoken)的情况下进行的。 5．A.efficient B．enthusiastic C．effective D．energetic 解析：选A　根据下文“one can't help but pay the ________ for modern efficiency”可知，现代技术使我们更加高效(efficient)。 6．A.ended up B．engaged in C．made up D．went on 解析：选B　根据上文“we prefer not to talk to each other anymore”可知，这里是说上一次和陌生人进行交谈是什么时候。engage in“参加，参与”。 7．A.hear B．believe C．remember D．understand 解析：选C　根据上文“When was the last time”可知，这里是指你可能不记得(remember)上次和陌生人说话是什么时候了。 8．A.recording B．studying C．playing D．calculating 解析：选C　根据上文“busy”和空后的“with a smartphone”可知，人们在忙着玩(playing)手机。 9．A.idea B．aim C．problem D．rise 解析：选D　根据下文“modern efficiency”可知，正是随着数字技术的兴起(rise)，人们的现代效率得以提高。 10．A.cash B．price C．debt D．tax 解析：选B　随着数字技术的兴起，人们却不得不为现代效率付出代价，失去了和陌生人说话的能力。pay the price for“为……付出代价”为固定短语。 11．A.decorate B．book C．build D．repair 解析：选B　根据下文“all via an app”可知，人们通过应用程序预订(book)酒店。 12．A.Contact B．Work C．Quarrel D．Reunion 解析：选A　根据上文“We shop, ________ a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app.”可知，人们通过手机完成生活中的很多事情，故和陌生人的接触(Contact)少了。 13．A.interests B．benefits C．disadvantages D．influences 解析：选B　根据下文“You might learn something ________， and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and ________ a special bond in our modern world.”可知，和陌生人交谈有很多好处(benefits)。 14．A.unrealistic B．unsuitable C．unreasonable D．unexpected 解析：选D　根据上文“having even a short and simple conversation with strangers”可知，和陌生人交谈可能让你学到意想不到的(unexpected)东西。 15．A.serves as B．refers to C．accounts for D．consists of 解析：选A　根据空后“a special bond in our modern world”可知，和陌生人交谈可以充当(serves as)现代生活中一个特殊的纽带。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2025·乐山模拟)Yunnan has adopted artificial intelligence (AI) to carry out most routine inspections at 621 power substations (变电站), replacing the need for human workers. The AI inspection, powered by cameras, drones (无人机) and walking robots, __1___ (be) capable of completing a task in __2__ (little) than five minutes, down from the five hours __3__ (require) by human workers. Yunnan, a major__4__ (produce) of hydropower and other forms of clean electricity, has 1, 937 power substations of 35 kilovolts (千伏) or above, many of __5__ are located in mountainous areas. Access to nearly half of __6__ substations requires travel of more than three hours by road. AI­powered automatic inspections are expected __7__ (free) human workers from lengthy road travels, greatly reducing costs. The China Southern Power Grid has planned to promote AI inspections from the experimental areas __8__ the rest of the substations in the province over the next two years. China is increasingly turning to artificial intelligence, especially robotic technologies to tackle the __9__ (short) of technicians in remote mountainous areas. Last year, the mountainous province of Guizhou also started using robots to inspect the power substations that are __10__ (easy) influenced by extreme weather conditions. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了云南省利用人工智能技术在621个变电站进行日常巡检，通过摄像头、无人机和行走机器人替代人工，大幅提高了效率并降低成本，解决了偏远山区技术员短缺问题。 1．is　考查时态及主谓一致。空处是句子的谓语动词，描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，且主语The AI inspection为第三人称单数，be动词用is。 2．less　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than可知，空处应用比较级，little的比较级是less，构成短语less than，意为“少于”。 3．required　考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语形式作后置定语修饰five hours，且require与hours之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式required，作后置定语。 4．producer　考查名词。根据句意及空前形容词major可知，空处应填入produce的名词形式producer，意为“生产者，产地”，且根据空前的不定冠词a可知，应用可数名词的单数形式。 5．which　考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是power substations，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。 6．the/these/those　考查冠词或代词。根据空后substations可知，空处特指前面提到的变电站，可以用定冠词the表示特指，也可以用指示代词these或those指代前面提到的 substations。 7．to free　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词are expected，空处应用非谓语形式，be expected to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被期望做某事”，空处应用不定式形式。 8．to　考查介词。根据空前from可知，空处应用介词to，构成from ...to ...固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。 9．shortage　考查名词。根据空前动词tackle和定冠词the可知，空处应填入short的名词形式shortage“短缺，不足”作动词tackle的宾语。 10．easily　考查副词。根据空后influenced可知，空处应用副词easily“容易地”，修饰动词influenced，作状语。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 精品课件·名师析题 (2025·安庆模拟)假定你是李华，下周你校将举行“科普进校园”活动，请你给外教Eleanor写封邮件邀请她参加。内容包括： 1．时间和地点； 2．主要内容和意义。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Eleanor， I'm writing to share with you an activity called Science Promotion Entering Campus in our school. 　 　 　 Yours， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Eleanor， I'm writing to share with you an activity called Science Promotion Entering Campus in our school. Knowing that you have a real passion for science, I'd like to extend an invitation to you to attend it. As scheduled, the occasion will be held from Monday to Thursday next week in the school hall. Our headmaster will deliver a brief opening speech first, which will be followed by special lectures and interactive exhibitions, ranging from daily life to practical application of work. Not only can this event broaden our horizons, but it can also develop our innovative hands­on ability. Time permitting, we'd like you to answer relevant questions raised by students. I sincerely hope that you'll be able to confirm your attendance. Your early reply will be greatly appreciated. Yours， Li Hua |背|单|词| 一、阅读单词(明其义) 1．iconic adj.　　　　 符号的；图标的 2．equator n. 赤道 3．barbecue n. 户外烧烤；烤架 4．bakery n. 面包(糕饼)店；面包厂 5．butcher n. 肉贩；屠夫；刽子手 6．premier adj. 最著名的；第一的；首要的 n. 总理；首相 7．herb n. 药草；香草；草本 8．hollow adj. 中空的；空心的 9．vibrate vt.& vi. (使)振动 10．slogan n. 标语；口号 11．minister n. 部长；大臣；外交使节 12．frog n. 蛙；青蛙 13．arrow n. 箭；箭头 14．getaway n. 适合度假的地方 15．domain n. 领域；领土；范围 16．liberty n. 自由 17．golf n. 高尔夫球运动 18．strait n. 海峡 19．sample n. 样本；样品 20．pouch n. 育儿袋；小袋子；荷包 21．phase n. 阶段；时期 22．trunk n. 树干 23．session n. 一场；一段时间；会议 24．nest n. 巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点 25．mammal n. 哺乳动物 26．biology n. 生理；生物学 二、核心单词(书写准) 1．joint n. 公共场所；关节 adj. 联合的；共同的 2．straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的 3．entitle vt. 给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利 4．sponsor vt. 倡议；赞助；主办 n. (法案等的)倡议者；赞助者 5．monument n. 纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等)；历史遗迹 6．hatch vi. 孵出；破壳 vt. 使孵出；策划；(尤指)密谋 7．capacity n. 能力；容量 8．fence n. 栅栏；围栏 9．grand adj. 大；宏大的 三、变形单词(晓其变) 1．found vt.　　　 创立；建立；创办 foundation n. 创建；基础；地基 founder n. 创立者；缔造者 2．political adj. 政治的 politics n. 政治 politician n. 政治家 3．locate vt. 把……安置在(或建造于) located adj. 位于 location n. 位置 4．dive vi.& n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 diver n 潜水者；潜水员 5．free n. 免费的；自由的；不受约束的 freedom n. 自由；不受……影响的状态 6．distribute vt. 分配；分发；(使)分布；分散 distribution n. 分布；分配；分发 distributor n. 经销商；分销商 7．temporary adj. 暂时的；短暂的 temporarily adv. 暂时地；短暂地 8．license vt. 批准；许可 n. (＝licence)许可证；执照 licensed adj. 得到正式许可的 9．frequent adj. 频繁的；经常发生的 frequency n. 发生率；重复率；频率 frequently adv. 频繁地；经常 10．violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的 violence n. 暴力；暴行 11．prison n. 监狱；监禁 prisoner n. 犯人 四、同“族”词汇(巧积累) 1．表示“人物性格”的合成词 ①straightforward adj.　　 坦率的；简单的 ②badtempered adj. 易怒的；爱发脾气的 ③bigmouthed adj. 多嘴的 ④easygoing adj. 悠闲的；随和的 ⑤hardworking adj. 工作努力的；辛勤的 ⑥kindhearted adj. 仁慈的；善良的；好心的 2．前缀en­构成动词 ①title→entitle 给……命名(或题名) ②able→enable 使能够 ③large→enlarge 使扩大 ④sure→ensure 确保；担保 ⑤rich→enrich 充实；使富有 ⑥danger→endanger 危及；危害 |背|短|语| 1．major in　　　　　　 主修 2．lead to 导致 3．be native to 原产于…… 4．breathe in 吸气 5．play a part in 在……中起作用 6．personally speaking 就个人来说 7．feel at home 有宾至如归的感觉 8．pick up 捡起；拾起；(不费力地)获得；(无意中)学会 9．make sure 确信 10．come across (偶然)遇见；被理解 11．in use 在使用中 12．a flock of 一群(羊或鸟) 13．say goodbye to 告别 14．a handful of 少数人(或物)；一把(的量) |背|佳|句| 一、背教材原句，学高级句式 1．To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips.(状语从句的省略) 吹奏迪吉里杜管时，把嘴巴靠在一端，一边吹气，一边振动嘴唇。 2．While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird, it's really a primitive mammal, with a unique biology.(while引导让步状语从句) 虽然鸭嘴兽可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。 二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达 单元主题：地理景观 1．Jiuzhaigou is well known/famous for its beautiful lakes, of which the water is clear and looks colorful.九寨沟以其美丽的湖泊而闻名，湖水清澈，看起来五彩缤纷。 2．As is known to all, Mount Huashan is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and its unique characteristics. 众所周知，华山以其险峻的悬崖和独一无二的特征而出名。 3．The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, containing a vast biodiversity and playing a crucial role in global carbon cycling. 亚马孙雨林是世界上最大的热带雨林，拥有丰富的生物多样性，在全球碳循环中发挥着至关重要的作用。 |背|语|段| 以读促写：场景渲染之“欢笑”场景 “Congratulations, Julie！” Julie was surrounded with flowers and applause. She was grinning from ear to ear. “I made it！” She repeated. It was her first time to have won so good an achievement and she eventually earned the favorable letter. Seeing the beaming face of Julie, Lisa walked away silently with a faint smile and came in my direction. “祝贺你，朱丽叶！”朱丽叶置身于鲜花与掌声之中。她咧嘴大笑，又一次说，“我成功了！”这是她第一次取得这么好的成绩，最终赢得好评。看到朱丽叶笑容满面，丽莎淡淡一笑，悄悄地走开了，朝我这边走来。 高分悟道 本段中使用了“grinning from ear to ear, the beaming face, with a faint smile”等表示“笑”的细节描写，形象地描绘了人物取得成功后开心的画面。 高分有招 表示“笑”的高分词块有： grin from ear to ear　　 　 　咧嘴大笑 laugh heartily/laugh a hearty laugh　开怀大笑 the beaming face 笑容满面 smile faintly 微微一笑 smile with a relief 宽慰地笑 wear a big toothy smile 带着灿烂的笑容 explode/roar with laughter 哄堂大笑 laugh one's head off 大笑不止 have a belly laugh 捧腹大笑 giggle at 对……咯咯地笑 force/manage a smile 强挤出一丝笑容 burst into laughter/burst out laughing 突然大笑起来 一、默写核心单词 1．make joint efforts　　　　 共同努力 2．a straightforward process 简单的过程 3．a performance entitled “wonders” 一场名为“奇迹”的演出 4．major sponsors_ of the Olympics 奥运会主赞助商 5．as a historic _monument 作为历史遗迹 6．hatch a solution 策划一个解决方案 7．the _capacity for work 工作能力 8．jump over the fence 越过栅栏 9．a grand design 宏伟的蓝图 二、默写变形单词 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 三、默写重点短语 1．major_in　　　　　　 主修 2．be_native_to 原产于…… 3．breathe_in 吸气 4．personally_speaking 就个人来说 5．feel_at_home 有宾至如归的感觉 6．pick_up 捡起；(不费力地)获得；(无意中)学会 7．come_across (偶然)遇见；被理解 8．in_use 在使用中 9．a_flock_of 一群(羊或鸟) 10．a_handful_of 少数人(或物)；一把(的量) 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while_vibrating_your_lips. 吹奏迪吉里杜管时，把嘴巴靠在一端，一边吹气，一边振动嘴唇。 2．While_it_may_lay_eggs_in_a_nest_like_a_bird,_it's really a primitive mammal, with a unique biology. 虽然鸭嘴兽可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。 一、变形词汇——练清易错微点　 1．In our country, everyone has rights and freedoms (free) to express his thoughts and ideas. 2．My nephew worked here temporarily (temporary) to test out the levers on the panels. 3．The prisoner (prison) attempted an escape, but failed. 4．When it comes to physical exercise，what really matters is frequency (frequent), not intensity. 5．The political (politics) leaders from eight of the world's wealthiest nations will meet in Scotland this summer. 6．This camp helps beginners discover the foundation (found) of drawing and writing and how to make it come to life on paper. 7．In fact, humour is a more effective defence than violence (violent) .,易错微点 1．表示“有做某事的自由”时通常用have freedom to do sth.或have freedom of sth.。 2．以­ent结尾的形容词变为名词时常需将­t变为­cy。如第4题“frequent→frequency ”，类似的还有：fluent→fluency “流利；流畅”，urgent→urgency “紧迫；急迫”，efficient→efficiency “效率”。 二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳　 1．located adj.位于；坐落在 ①Located in the northwest of China, Xi'an is seen as one of the birthplaces of the Chinese civilization. ②If used carelessly, location (locate) may give away your privacy. ③(话题写作之景点介绍)Located_in_the_center_of_Beijing,_China, the Forbidden City covers an area of over 720,000 square metres. 位于中国北京市中心的紫禁城占地面积72万多平方米。, (1)be located in/on/at/to ... 位于……；坐落在…… (2)locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在 (3)location n. 地方；地点；位置 2．distribution n．分布；分配；分发 ①The map shows the distribution (distribute) of this species across the world. ②Please distribute these books _among you and have a look at their introduction. ③(话题写作之灾害救助)Food and medical supplies were_distributed_to all the residents in time after the hurricane last Sunday. 上周日飓风过后，食品和医疗用品被及时分发给了所有居民。, (1)have a wide distribution 分布广泛 (2)distribute vt.　 　 分配；分发；分布 distribute ...to ... 把……分配给…… distribute ...among ... 在……中分发或分配…… (3)distributor n. 经销商；分销商 三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏　 1．pick up捡起；(开车)接人；接收(信号)；接电话；(无意中)学会；(廉价)买到；改善；好转；收拾；继续 　(用up的相关短语填空) ①The cup fell on the cement floor and broke_up. ②In this eco­friendly hike, students are encouraged to bring recycled bags to pick_up_ trash along the hiking trails. ③By participating in such activities, we built_up our strength, improved our skills and strengthened our sense of cooperation. ④I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take_up too much of your time., build up 增强；建立；(使)逐渐增加 take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间或空间) make up 虚构；弥补；组成 break up 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假 put up 建造；张贴；留宿 bring up 养育；抚养；呕吐 2．come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解 　(用适当的介、副词填空) ①In order to prevent this case coming about again, we should improve our awareness of saving and recycling water. ②The plan of protecting the environment came up at the meeting last year. ③When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn't seen for years. ④When it comes to students' surfing the Internet, some people think students can benefit from it., come about　　 发生 come on 来吧；赶快；加油 come out 出版；出来；出现 come up 走近；上来；发芽；被提出 come up with 想出；提出 when it comes to ... 当谈到……时 名师指津：When it comes to ...中的to是介词，其后跟动词时，要用动名词形式。 四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)　 1.①Ever since the injury, the joints in his legs have ached in the rainy weather.__B__ ②They were joint owners of the house by appointment.__A__ ③Something must have been wrong. Let's check the joint between the inner and outer panels.__C__ 1.joint A．adj.共同的 B．n.关节 C．n.连接处；接头 2.①(2024·全国甲卷)Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom­poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织)．__D__ ②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly.__C__ ③The school bus picks up the children twice every day.__A__ ④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.__E__ ⑤ It didn't take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission.__B__ 2.pick up A．(开车)接人 B．(情况)好转 C．接收(信号) D．拿起 E．(无意中)学会 数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段 　　　 　 (2023·全国乙卷·阅读理解B篇)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10­minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy­looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. [真题评价] [价值导向]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了美国爱荷华州的一位摄影师的拍摄经历。为了拍出优秀的风景照，摄影师付出了很多，有收获也有遗憾。文章旨在引导学生勇于探索生活，善于发现生活中的美。 1．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A．By teaming up with other photographers. B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C．By studying the geographical conditions. D．By creating settings in the corn fields. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“To make some of my landscape shots ... the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.”可知，作者和他的朋友们到州公园或农村去拍照，以此来应对中西部缺少地理多样性的挑战。故B项正确。 2．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A．Proper time management. B．Good shooting techniques. C．Adventurous spirit. D．Distinctive styles. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，恰当的地点和恰当的时间对于拍摄任何风格的照片都起着决定性的作用。第三段的最后一句验证了作者所说。故A项正确。 3．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake? A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B．They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C．They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D．They had problems with their equipment. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据尾段中的“However, we did not mark the route (路线)．.. it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.”可知，文中描述的是作者和朋友差点错过日落，之后调试拍摄设备的时间就非常有限了，也就是说他们比预想的到达得晚。故C项正确。 4．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake? A．Amusing. B．Satisfying. C．Encouraging. D．Comforting. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Still, looking back on the photos ... if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.”可知，虽然有准备不充分和时间管理不明智等方面的遗憾，作者依然认为它们是一些令人满意的照片。故B项正确。 [语篇精读] 一、理文脉，把握文章大意 本文是一篇记叙文，采用了“叙事”型的语篇模式。 二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(一词多义)To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10­minute time frame.n.照片；镜头；v.拍摄 ②(一词多义)After we found a crazy­looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.v.拍摄 ③(一词多义)However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.v.做标记 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①specialize in　　　　　 专攻，专门从事 ②go on adventures 去冒险 ③set up 调试(设备) ④on the spot 在现场 ⑤team up with sb. 与某人合作/结成一队 三、析难句，破解阅读障碍 1．I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. 抓标志：连词so 判类型：主句＋目的状语从句(含一个省略关系代词的定语从句) 试翻译：我经常早早出发，去寻找合适的目的地，这样我就可以早点调试好(设备)，避免错过我想要拍摄的那一刻。 2．Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 抓标志：从属连词though和 if 判类型：主句＋让步状语从句(含一个条件状语从句) 试翻译：尽管如此，回头看看这些照片，它们仍然是我拍摄的最好的部分照片，尽管我要是能明智地做好准备和管理好我的时间，本可以拍摄得更好。 由教材典句，学高级表达　 句式　状语从句的省略 |解|读|规|则| (1)当when, while, unless, as if, if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。省略后从句的形式：连词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词等。 (2)状语从句的省略句中的过去分词通常应视为被动语态的省略，而不能视为完成时态的省略。 |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) ①If it is necessary, you should turn to your parents for help. →If_necessary,_you should turn to your parents for help. ②Don't hesitate to turn to me for help when you are trapped in difficulties. →Don't hesitate to turn to me for help when_trapped_in_difficulties. |应|用|写|美| ③(环境描写)爬山时，我们感受到了温暖的阳光，欣赏到了美丽的风景。 While_climbing_the_mountain,_we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view. ④(申请信)如果被接受，我可以向游客介绍中国画的技巧，这可以帮助他们更多地了解中国文化。 If_accepted,_I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which can help them know more about Chinese culture. 建构语义场，丰富语料库　 子语境(一)　景点介绍 1．with a history of ...　　　 有……的历史 2．cover an area of ... 占地面积…… 3．have a population of ... 人口为…… 4．lie in the east of ... 位于……的东面 5．be located/situated in 位于 6．beautiful/grand/splendid scenery 美丽/壮丽的景色 7．dramatic/breathtaking/amazing landscapes 引人入胜/叹为观止/令人惊叹的风景 8．one of the most popular tourist attractions 最受欢迎的旅游景点之一 9．The weather here gets neither too cold nor too hot all the year round. 这里的天气一年四季既不太冷也不太热。 10．Originally constructed around 256 BCE by the State of Qin as an irrigation and flood control system, Dujiangyan is a remarkable example of ancient engineering skills and is still used today. 都江堰始建于公元前256年左右，作为秦国的一个灌溉和防洪系统，是古代工程技术的杰出典范，至今仍在使用。 子语境(二)　旅游体验 1．enjoy delicious food　　　　　 享受美食 2．leave/make deep impressions 留下深刻印象 3．be worth visiting and sightseeing 值得参观和游览 4．experience the local cultures and traditions 体验当地的文化和传统 5．respect and protect this unique landscape 尊重和保护这片独特的景色 6．experience traditional Chinese culture first hand亲身体验中国传统文化 7．The people there are so enthusiastic that you'll receive a warm welcome. 那里的人很热情，你会受到热烈欢迎的。 8．After being here for a while, what impressed me most is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation. 在这儿待了一段时间后，给我留下的最深的印象是组成这个国家的复杂的民族和文化组合。 主题微写作，勤练笔不辍　 (一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现) Dear Nick， I'm glad to hear that you're coming to Sichuan in August. ①Located/situated in the southwest of China (位于中国的西南部), Sichuan ②has a long history and grand scenery (有悠久的历史和壮丽的风景), attracting tourists from all over the world. ③Your_first__impression_of_Sichuan_(你对四川的第一印象)will be delicious food, known for its hot taste. In addition, you are here to learn about unique life and customs of minorities living in Sichuan. Speaking of attractions in Sichuan, a major attraction of Jiuzhaigou is ④its_breathtaking_beauty_and_amazing_lakes (它让人叹为观止的美丽和令人惊叹的湖泊). Personally speaking, what I like most is the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. After experiencing Sichuan, you will say that ⑤you agree with the tourism slogan (你认同这个旅游的口号): “If you don't come to Sichuan, you will regret it.” I wonder ⑥if_there's_anything_specific_you'd_like_to_know (你是否有什么特别想知道的). If any, please feel free to contact me. I'm looking forward to your coming. Yours sincerely， Li Hua (二)主题语段的细节描写训练 1．景物描写 Tree­covered mountains rise into the clouds, their peaks ①disappearing_into_the_white_mist (消失在白雾中). Sheep and cattle are scattered on the slopes, blending with the green, ②watching_us_pass_with_calm_eyes (用平静的眼神看着我们走过). The scene is so breathtaking that it leaves me in awe of the nature's beauty. ③That's_why_I_think_the_scene_here_is_so_fascinating (那就是为什么我认为这儿的景色是如此迷人): the combination of ④graceful_mountains (优美的山脉), trees, clouds and so on, each playing their role in creating a balanced and peaceful whole. 2．游览历史古城 Xi'an, ①a_city_surrounded_by_rich_history_and_tradition (一座被丰富的历史和传统所环绕的城市), is a popular destination for tourists seeking more than just an ancient city experience. When we ②approached_the_ancient_city (走近这座古城), we were all amazed by its beauty. During the following three days, ③we_enjoyed_various_cultural_attractions (我们欣赏了各种文化景点), such as the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Shaanxi History Museum and ④experienced_various_traditional_handicrafts(体验了各种传统技艺), like paper­cutting, shadow puppets, wickerwork, etc. Here, ⑤we felt as if we had broken away from the fast­paced urban lifestyle (我们觉得自己似乎远离了快节奏的都市生活)． 课时作业(一) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A On Sunday night, the police found a baby koala in a bag in the town of Wishart in Queensland, Australia, during a traffic stop. Queensland police spokesperson Michael Beatty said that the officers asked a 50­year­old driver if she had anything to report. She then told the officers that she had a baby koala in her bag. “Not quite believing their ears, the officers cautiously opened the bag and found this lovely boy and we've called him Alfred，” the spokesperson said. “The young koala is about 6 months old and weighs 1.5 kg. It appears to be healthy, though it is very thirsty.” The police are warning people who find koalas to turn them over to authorities, rather than try to take care of them themselves. Koalas are protected in parts of Australia, including in Queensland, where they have been listed as “threatened” under the Nature Conservation Act. Of course, koalas are also violent animals. One particularly wild koala even attacked a farmer in South Australia when she was riding along a muddy road. “As it started running towards me, I thought I'd better speed up，” the terrified farmer told reporters. “But the road was too muddy, so I abandoned my bike and ran away. Fortunately, it ran up and attached itself to the dirty wheel — perhaps mistaking it for a eucalyptus tree.” Deakin University biologist Desley Whisson has some tips in case you experience this _predicament. “Koalas more generally run from than to people. The farmer did the right thing by moving away from her bike，” she said. “The best advice I can give to people is to not fight with a koala displaying unusual behaviour. Make sure that there is another object between you and the koala so that it can't climb you. Or you can just simply run. Their fingers are very sharp.” She also believed the koala might have been confusing the sound of the bike with that of a koala mate. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了澳大利亚昆士兰州威沙特镇的警方在一次交通检查中发现一只袋中的幼儿考拉，并将其命名为阿尔弗雷德。 1．What do the police in Wishart most likely want to tell the public? A．Koalas are protected by law all over Australia. B．It is illegal for the public to keep koalas in Queensland. C．The public should stay away from violent animals. D．Baby koalas are too violent to be kept in bags. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，警方警告发现考拉的人将它们交给当局，而不是自己照顾它们。考拉在澳大利亚部分地区受到保护，包括昆士兰州，因此警察想告诉公众，在昆士兰州饲养考拉是违法的。 2．What can we learn about adult koalas? A．They enjoy climbing bikes. B．They have good eyesight. C．They can be dangerous. D．They weigh about 1.5 kg. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Of course, koalas are also violent animals.”以及倒数第二段中“Their fingers are very sharp.”可知，成年考拉可能有危险性。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “predicament” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Boring animal. B．Interesting event. C．Pleasant meeting. D．Difficult situation. 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第六段中Whisson说的话“The best advice ... Their fingers are very sharp.”可知，Whisson就人们与考拉相遇时如何应对给出建议，建议不要与考拉发生冲突，它们有锋利的爪子，这是一种危险的情况。由此推知，画线词“predicament”指的就是下文中提到的危险情况，即difficult situation。故选D。 4．From which is the text probably taken? A．A research paper. B．The Nature Conservation Act. C．A news report. D．An announcement from the police. 解析：选C　文章出处题。通读全文，结合第一段中“On Sunday night, the police found a baby koala in a bag in the town of Wishart in Queensland, Australia, during a traffic stop.”和下文中对相关人士的采访报道可推知，本文是一则关于澳大利亚昆士兰州威沙特镇的警方发现考拉宝宝的新闻报道。故选C。 B (2025·黄冈模拟)“For thousands of years, humans have raced to be the first to climb a peak, cross a frontier, or document a new species or landscape. Now in some cases, we're racing to be the last，” said New York Times' Paige McClanahan. In recent years, a growing industry has been stimulated by climate change — last­chance tourism. According to Eco Sustainable Solutions, a UK­based organic recycling and waste processing company last­chance tourism is a kind of tourism geared toward seeing the last of something due to climate change. As temperatures and water levels rise, this could mean seizing the last chance to see the Great Barrier Reef, an Arctic glacier and a remote island that is sinking. As millions of tourists rush to imperiled destinations, some are taking advantage of the increasing demand to spread environmental awareness. One tourist spot, the Sea of Ice in France, opened an exhibit in 2021 to educate visitors on glaciers and climate change. This educational push seems to be having an impact, as a 2023 survey showed that 80% of the visitors would try to learn more about the environment and how to protect it while 77% said that they would reduce their water and energy use. However, the last­chance tourism industry may become kind of our concern. As more and more people flood into these areas in a panic to see them before they are gone, they in fact contribute to the increased greenhouse gas emissions and over tourism, leading to their destruction. Just as many scholars put it, last­chance tourism is a paradox (悖论)． Although tourists may acknowledge the broader risks and importance of climate change, it's even more important to connect the responsibility of the individual tourism to the future of our planet. It's not just about understanding the need to stop climate change; it's even more important to avoid making it worse. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新兴产业——最后一次机会的旅游。 5．What does the author intend to do by quoting Paige McClanahan's words? A．To highlight the value of New York Times. B．To recall and memorize the good old days. C．To channel readers' awareness to climate change. D．To introduce the subject of last­chance tourism. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段及第二段中“In recent years, a growing industry has been stimulated by climate change — last­chance tourism.”可知，通过引用Paige McClanahan的话，作者引出了本文主题，即由于气候变化而催生的“最后一次机会的旅游”。 6．What may be considered as last­chance tourism? A．Visiting the Confucius Temple in China. B．Taking an adventurous trip to the depths of the ocean. C．Climbing the snow­covered mountain of Kilimanjaro. D．Admiring the unique Spanish architecture at Cusco, Peru. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“As temperatures and water levels rise, this could mean seizing the last chance to see the Great Barrier Reef, an Arctic glacier and a remote island that is sinking.”可知，乞力马扎罗山由于全球变暖，冰雪覆盖正在消退，这符合“最后一次机会的旅游”的定义。 7．What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Popular.　　　　 B．Remote. C．Endangered. D．Preserved. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据上文对最后一次旅游的介绍以及第三段中画线词所在句可推知，imperiled意为“濒危的”。 8．Which of the following statements best describes last­chance tourism? A．It's a double­edged sword. B．It's a stone to kill two birds. C．It's a life jacket in the stormy sea. D．It's a dream that will never come true. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容以及倒数第二段中“As more and more people ... is a paradox (悖论)．”可知，last­chance tourism虽然能提高人们的环境保护意识，但大量游客的涌入也加剧了温室气体排放和过度旅游，反而可能导致这些景点的进一步破坏。因此这是一把双刃剑，既有正面影响，也有负面影响。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·邢台模拟)Borneo is home to some of the most extraordinary wildlife. Several years ago, I decided to go there for a visit. A local person offered to be my guide, which was a great bonus for me. One day, my guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a __9__ hillside instead. We picked our way carefully when __10__ a charming flower popped into my view among those stones. Oh, dear! More than __11__， I bent down and put my nose practically inside the flower's core. __12__， to my surprise, it was only one of the __13__ during the trip. As I __14__ the end of my trip, there was still something I had yet to see. We planned to __15__ most feared creature there, the saltwater crocodile, which can grow to a __16__ of 6 meters or more. When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds __17__ in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the __18__. Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy __19___ just above the water line. As we drew near, it __20___ and we saw clearly it was a crocodile. With great caution, we neared it and finally could __21___ its true dimensions. It was a baby — no more than 0.6 meter long. Aha, whatever, I could now report to the __22___ back home, who had never been to Borneo, that I had __23__ a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to tell the tale. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在一名当地导游的陪同下去探索婆罗洲的野生动植物的经历。 9．A.rolling B．spectacular C．rough D．breathtaking 解析：选C　根据空前的“turned off the smooth road”和空后的“hillside instead”可知，他们走的是一个崎岖的山坡。 10．A.suddenly B．literally C．definitely D．ultimately 解析：选A　根据句中的“popped into my view”可知，这里表示他们在行路的过程中突然看到了一朵迷人的花。 11．A.alarmed B．pleased C．concerned D．upset 解析：选B　根据上文中的“a charming flower”和句中的“I bent down and put my nose practically inside the flower's core”可知，作者看到这朵花时非常高兴，忍不住把鼻子凑到花心去闻。 12．A.Nevertheless B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore 解析：选A　根据句中的“to my surprise”和上下文语境可知，这里表示转折，虽然这朵花很迷人，但这只是旅途路上的亮点之一。 13．A.desires B．motivations C．destinations D．highlights 解析：选D　根据空前的“one of”和下文中的“there was still something I had yet to see”可知，路上有许多精彩的事物，这朵花只是其中一个亮点。 14．A.summarized B．suspected C．approached D．valued 解析：选C　根据空后的“the end of my trip”可知，这里表示旅行接近尾声。 15．A.hold onto B．pick up C．reflect on D．hunt for 解析：选D　根据上文中的“there was still something I had yet to see”可知，作者还有许多东西没看到，所以他们计划去寻找咸水鳄。 16．A.width B．length C．height D．size 解析：选B　根据空后的“of 6 meters or more”并结合常识可知，这里指咸水鳄的长度。 17．A.emerged B．paused C．continued D．declined 解析：选A　根据下文中的“we saw clearly it was a crocodile”可知，水里有咸水鳄，所以他们用手电筒照的时候听到了黑暗中传来了一阵微弱的声音。 18．A.mud B．surface C．ground D．shore 解析：选B　根据句中的“something unseen underwater”和下文中的“above the water line”可知，他们听到了黑暗中传来了微弱的声音，好像是水下看不见的东西打破水面。 19．A.legs B．mouths C．eyes D．teeth 解析：选C　根据空前的“two greedy”并结合常识可知，鳄鱼在水中时常常将头露出水面观察，这里指他们看到了鳄鱼的两只贪婪的眼睛。 20．A.moved B．sank C．hid D．escaped 解析：选A　根据句中的“As we drew near”可知，当作者他们走近鳄鱼时，鳄鱼动了一下。 21．A.give out B．let out C．turn out D．make out 解析：选D　根据句中的“we neared it”和空后的“its true dimensions”可知，作者他们走近看时才辨认出鳄鱼的真实大小。 22．A.victims B．opponents C．folks D．guides 解析：选C　根据空后的“back home, who had never been to Borneo”可知，这里指的是家里从未去过婆罗洲的人。 23．A.challenged B．encountered C．terrified D．chased 解析：选B　根据空后的“a hungry crocodile in the wild”可知，这里指在野外遇到一条饥饿的鳄鱼。 课时作业(二) Ⅰ.阅读七选五 New animals In northern Vietnam, in thick forests in the North Annamite Mountains, there is a wildlife park called Vu Quang. In 1986, the area was made an official forest reserve. In 2002, 550 square kilometers of the area were declared a National Park. __1__ It is in an area that is hard to get to, for one thing. And it's an area that's difficult to walk through because the rocks are covered with algae and are very slippery. __2__ In the last twenty years, several new species of animals that have never been seen anywhere in the world before have been discovered there. Some of them are so new that scientists haven't given them official names yet! The new animals discovered at the park include the Vu Quang ox or Saola, a “slow” deer, a giant muntjac (the world's largest, in fact), a black deer and a “holy” goat. __3__ The Saola was the first new species of large mammal to be discovered in more than fifty years, so it caused a lot of excitement in the scientific world. __4__ It has horns that can be between one and two feet long, and that seem to come out of the animal's head at slightly different angles. That's why it is called “Saola”， meaning “spinning wheel posts” in Vietnamese. The creature had hidden safely for generations in the Vu Quang area. But once it was discovered, it was in danger. __5__ Sadly, the Saola is now being hunted and may well end up as another endangered species. A．That's why it attracts hunters. B．Vu Quang is no ordinary park, though. C．Hunters have no respect for new species. D．But that's not all that is unusual about Vu Quang. E．Five new species of fish have also been found there. F．This was the first time so many new species had been found in this area. G．It is a strange goat­like creature that looks as if it is somehow related to cattle. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了越南武广国家公园及其里面新物种的相关情况。 1．选B　由下文内容可知，武广国家公园位于一个很难到达的地区。这是一个很难穿过的区域，因为岩石上覆盖着藻类，非常滑，和普通公园不一样，B选项符合语境。 2．选D　由上段内容可知，武广国家公园难以到达，不同寻常，再结合下文讲武广国家公园里面发现了一些闻所未闻的新物种，这也是不同寻常之处，推断该空应该进一步提及武广国家公园的不平凡之处，D选项符合语境。 3．选E　由上文“The new animals discovered ... a ‘holy’ goat.”可知，该空应继续列举武广国家公园里面发现的新物种还有哪些，E选项符合语境。 4．选G　由上下文内容可知，该空应承接上文继续介绍Saola的相关情况，G选项符合语境。 5．选C　由上文“The creature had hidden safely for generations in the Vu Quang area. But once it was discovered, it was in danger.”和下文“Sadly, the Saola is now being hunted and may well end up as another endangered species.”可知，Saola处于危险之中，空格处和后文之间为因果关系，正是因为猎人不尊重新物种，Saola才会被猎杀，C选项符合语境。 Ⅱ.语法填空 The saying “All roads lead to Xianyang” may not be widely known, but it is the __1__ (true) in history.After Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country in 221 BCE, he began building state­level roads, Xianyang __2__ the center.Several long roads were therefore completed, __3__ (cover) a distance of about 750 kilometers, running through plains, mountains, grasslands, deserts, and finally leading to Xianyang, the capital city. Like the Great Wall, these roads, __4__ (call) Qin Zhidao, literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin Highways, are considered another miracle in Qin Dynasty.Generally, the roads were 20 to 60 meters wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time on their __5__ (wide) sections.The firmly made surface __6__ (shape) like a turtle back above the ground to avoid standing water at that time.Another amazing fact is that grass __7__ (rare)grows on the road and many parts are still in good condition even today. The mysterious ancient roads, __8__ date back over 2,200 years and predate the Roman Roads by over 200 years, are known to be __9__ natural museum in the history of road construction.Historians evaluate it this way: if the Great Wall is compared to a defensive shield (盾牌), then Qin Zhidao is the weapon __10__ (guard) the stability and prosperity (繁荣) of the Qin Empire. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秦朝的另一个奇迹：秦直道。 1．truth　考查词性转换。前面有定冠词the，所以用名词作表语。故填truth。 2．as　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“作为”，后跟名词。故填as。 3．covering　考查非谓语动词。cover和它所修饰的词Several long roads之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填covering。 4．called　考查非谓语动词。call和它所修饰的词these roads之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。 5．widest　考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，此处表示“最宽的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填widest。 6．was shaped　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语at that time可知，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态；shape和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语为单数名词surface，所以be动词为was。故填was shaped。 7．rarely　考查词性转换。修饰动词，应用副词。故填rarely。 8．which　考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为The mysterious ancient roads，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。 9．a　考查冠词。此处泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，natural的发音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．guarding/to guard　考查非谓语动词。guard和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语，也可以看作是weapon后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填guarding或to guard。 Ⅲ.读后续写精品课件·名师析题 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was a lovely spring morning. The sky was blue, the sun was out, and the air was warm. As I drove along the curvy roads, I saw thousands of wild flowers in bloom and some volunteers picking up trash along the side of the road. I smiled as I saw them doing some “Spring Cleaning” for our Mother Earth and my mind was cast back to the spring day long long ago. When my children were younger, we used to walk a small trail around the lake near our home. One spring day, my daughter and I noticed much trash was lying along the trail. The next day we brought a big trash bag with us and started to pick up the trash along the way slowly. There were pop cans, plastic water bottles, wrappers for candy bars, empty chip bags, pieces of broken fishing line, and even an old deserted shoe. We picked up each one and even fished a few pieces of garbage out of the water. By the time we had circled the lake, the bag was nearly full. Tired but happy, we finally put the bag in an empty trash can. Before we headed home, we took one last look at the lake. It looked more beautiful than ever and I felt like the angels were smiling at us at that moment. I realized that though environmental pollution is still serious, the truth is that every time we stop to pick up a single piece of trash, it will make a difference. So from then on I planned to take further action to keep the environment clean. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 When we were back home, my family discussed how to clear the rubbish regularly.　 　 　 　 　 　 　 The following weekend, we put our plan into practice.　 　 　 　 　 　 　 参考范文： When we were back home, my family discussed how to clear the rubbish regularly. My daughter positively suggested that we should fix a time to do our cleaning. Considering the specific situation of each family member, we finally decided to clean up the trash on the weekend. My younger son also made good suggestions, such as putting up signs to remind people to protect the environment. We called it the “Spring Cleaning” plan. Both of my children were very excited about this plan. The following weekend, we put our plan into practice. We set out with the signs we had made in advance and put them up as we picked up the trash. In this way, we hoped to remind people to pay attention to the environmental protection. It happened that on that day we ran into the same people like whom I just saw picking up the trash. They spoke highly of our behavior. What's more, these people decided to join us and pick up the trash with us every weekend. Thus, our team was growing. |背|单|词| 一、阅读单词(明其义) 1．merchant n．　　　　 商人；批发商 adj. 海上货运的 2．fleet n. 舰队；机群；车队 3．behold vt. (beheld, beheld)看；看见 4．league n. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛 5．royal adj. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的 6．spice n. (调味)香料 7．channel n. 航道；海峡；频道 8．maritime adj. 海的；海运的；海事的 9．politics n. 政治；政治观点 10．tournament n. 锦标赛；联赛 11．laptop n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑 12．submersible n. 潜水器；可潜船 13．underwater adv. 在水下 adj. 水下的 14．capsule n. 胶囊；太空舱 15．coral n. 珊瑚 16．directory n. 名录；电话号码簿； (计算机文件或程序的)目录 17．marine adj. 海的；海产的；海生的 二、核心单词(书写准) 1．tale n. 故事；叙述 2．bond n. 纽带；关系 vt.& vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合 3．tax vt. 对……征税；使纳税 n. 税；税款 4．manned adj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的 5．meanwhile adv. 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下 6．opponent n. 反对者；对手；竞争者 7．log vt. 把……载入正式记录；记录 n. 正式记录；日志；原木 8．arrest n. 逮捕； 拘留；中止 vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止 三、变形单词(晓其变) 1．extend vt.　　　 扩展；使伸长；延长 extension n. 扩大；延伸 extensive adj. 广泛的；广阔的 2．negotiate vt. 商定；达成(协议) vi. 谈判；磋商；协商 negotiation n. 谈判；协商 3．withdraw vi.& vt. (使)撤回；撤离；退出；收回；取 withdrawal n. 收回；撤回；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程 4．profession n. 职业；行业 professional adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 职业运动员 professionally adv. 专业地；内行地 5．mix vt.& vi. (使)混合；调配 mixed adj. 混合的 mixture n. 混合；结合体；混合物 6．cover v. 覆盖；报道 coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围 7．applaud vt.& vi. 鼓掌vt. 称赞；赞赏 applause n. 鼓掌；掌声 8．migrate v. 移居；移动；迁移 migration n. 迁移；迁徙；移居 9．exploit vt. 开发；利用；剥削 exploitation n. 开发，开采；利用；剥削 10．murder vt. 谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n. 谋杀；凶杀 murderer n. 杀人犯；杀人凶手 11．mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的 12．possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 possession n. 个人财产；拥有；控制 四、同“族”词汇(巧积累) 1．后缀­al形容词聚焦 ①professional 专业的 　 ②cultural 　 文化的 ③magical 有魔力的 ④educational 教育的 ⑤musical 音乐的 ⑥natural 自然的 2．­ture结尾名词扫描 ①mixture 混合物 ②furniture 家具 ③architecture 建筑 ④departure 出发；离开 ⑤signature 签名；签字 ⑥culture 文化 |背|短|语| 1．set sail　　　　　　　　　　 起航；开航 2．in a league of one's own 独领风骚 3．withdraw from 退出；撤回 4．in hand 在手头；可供使用 5．search for 寻找；搜寻 6．lead to 导致；通向 7．under the command of 在……指挥下 8．in return 作为报答 9．for the benefit of 为了……的利益 10．in order to 为了 11．a mixture of ……的混合体 12．take action 采取措施 |背|佳|句| 一、背教材原句，学高级句式 1．To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.(动词不定式短语作主语) 在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。 2．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.(过去分词短语作定语)随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。 二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达 单元主题：海洋保护 1．The ocean provides so many benefits, almost in every aspect of our life, ensuring the existence and development of humans. 海洋提供了如此多的好处，几乎在我们生活的方方面面，确保了人类的生存和发展。 2．The marine resources are so important that we should take some measures to protect them. 海洋资源是如此的重要以至于我们应该采取一些措施去保护它们。 3．To live in harmony with the ocean, we should develop the habit of cutting down on waste and saving every drop of water.为了与海洋和谐共处，我们应该养成减少浪费、节约每一滴水的习惯。 |背|语|段| 以读促写：场景渲染之“哭泣”场景 Depression hung over him like a heavy dark cloud and tears welled up in his eyes. I patted him on the shoulder gently, gave him an encouraging look and ventured in a soft voice, “You are a regular boy, David. Maybe you were born with some physical defects, but your strong determination will cover the shortages.” After a split second of pause, David nodded slightly, tears giving way to the usual big toothy smile. 忧郁像沉重的乌云笼罩着他，眼泪夺眶而出。我轻轻地拍着他的肩膀，显出一副劲头十足的样子，小心翼翼地轻声说，“大卫，你是一个普通孩子，也许你身体天生有些缺陷，但你强大的决心会掩盖你的不足。”停顿片刻之后，大卫轻轻点点头，破涕为笑了。 高分悟道 本段中使用 “tears welled up in his eyes”表示哭的动作描写，刻画了大卫悲伤的心情；“tears giving way to the usual big toothy smile”表达了大卫由哭转笑的情感变化，突出了大卫的决心。 高分有招 表示“哭”的高分词块有： can't help crying bitterly　忍不住痛哭起来 tears running/rolling/streaming down her face 泪水在她脸上流淌 burst into tears/burst out crying　突然哭起来 fight back tears 抑制住泪水 一、默写核心单词 1．tales of adventure　　　 　　 冒险故事 2．lifelong _bonds of friendship 终生的友谊纽带 3．pay more income tax 缴纳更多的所得税 4．a manned spacecraft 载人宇宙飞船 5．in the meanwhile 与此同时 6．a dangerous opponent 一个危险的对手 7．a detailed log of the trip 旅行的详细记录 8．be under arrest 被逮捕 二、默写变形单词 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 三、默写重点短语 1．set_sail　　　　　　　　　 起航；开航 2．in_a_league_of_one's_own 独领风骚 3．withdraw_from 退出；撤回 4．in_hand 在手头；可供使用 5．search_for 寻找；搜寻 6．lead_to 导致；通向 7．under_the_command_of 在……指挥下 8．in_return 作为报答 9．for_the_benefit_of 为了……的利益 10．take_action 采取措施 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．To_complete_the_great_map_of_the_world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. 在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。 2．The_ancient_sea_routes_travelled_by_Zheng_He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. 随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。 一、变形词汇——练清易错微点　 1．If you are in need of a deadline extension (extend)，simply explain the situation to your professor. 2．The audience stayed silent, listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of applause (applaud) at the end. 3．It is reported that negotiation (negotiate) broke down because one side refused to keep the rule. 4．We learn traditional Chinese art such as Beijing Opera under the guidance of professional (profession) teachers. 5．As a journalist，it's your duty to cover the fact and you are responsible for your coverage (cover)． 6．If you experience any unusual symptoms after withdrawal (withdraw) of the treatment, then contact your doctor.,易错微点 1．extend的常用搭配有extend to“延长到”，extend by“延长了”，extend one's heartfelt gratitude to“由衷感谢……”。 2．applaud变名词时，需要去d再加se；其常用搭配为applaud sb. for sth.“因某事称赞某人”。 二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳　 1．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物 ①It's much better if you can sometimes mix business with pleasure. ②With mixed (mix) feelings in his heart, he doesn't know how to express his thoughts in an appropriate way. ③(情绪描写)When she read the cards, tears of happiness mixed_with_excitement fell onto those postcards. 当她读贺卡时，夹杂着激动的幸福的泪水滴落在那些明信片上。 ④(情绪描写)A_mixture_of_fear_and_mercy seized me，which made me like a cat on hot bricks. 恐惧和怜悯交织在一起，攫住了我，使我像热锅上的蚂蚁。, (1)a mixture of ...　 ……的混合物 (2)mix vt.& vi. 混合；调配 mix ...with ... 把……与……混合起来 mix with sth./sb. 与某物相融合/ 与某人交往 mix up 弄错；弄乱；混淆 mix ...up with ... 把……和……搞混 (3)mixed adj. 混合的 2．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 ①She is a kindhearted woman and often has mercy on people who are in trouble. ②She has been merciful (mercy) to animals since she was a child. ③(环境描写)There was not a plant to be seen, and the noonday sun beat down on them without_mercy. 视野内看不到一株植物，午间的太阳无情地炙烤着他们。 ④(环境描写)At_the_mercy_of_the_strong_wind,_the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn't stand up straight. 在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。, (1)show mercy to/have mercy on 对……怜悯或宽恕 without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地 at the mercy of ... 任由……摆布或控制 (2)merciful adj. 仁慈的；慈悲的 merciless adj. 残忍的；无情的 3．possession n．[pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制 ①The famous tennis player is_possessed (possess) of great perseverance. ②He lost all his possessions (possess), but he didn't lose hope for the life. ③(主旨升华句)Happiness is not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying_what_we_possess/take_possession_of/are_in_possession_of. 幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。 ④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I encouraged David who was at a loss，“Do keep in mind that only_by_possessing/being_possessed_of_a_good_state_of_mind_can_you_attain_success.”(倒装句，possess) 我鼓励不知所措的大卫：“务必记住，只有拥有良好的心态你才能获得成功。”, (1)in possession of 占有；拥有；持有 in sb.'s possession＝in the possession of sb. 为某人所有；在某人的控制下 get/take/gain possession of 拥有；占有 (2)possess vt. (不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配 (3)possessed adj. 拥有的；占有的；具有的 be possessed of 具有(某品质、能力等) be possessed by 为……所支配 三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏　 1．in hand在手头；可供使用 　(用hand的相关短语填空) ①As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go hand_in_hand.” ②Having enough data in_hand,_we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled. ③Meanwhile, you'd better keep a dictionary close at_hand so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it. ④Even for personal letters，I would rather use a computer than write by_hand. ⑤On the one hand, computers extend our vision; on_the_other_hand,_they also bring about some harmful problems. ⑥Whenever I am in trouble, it is you who give_me_a_hand without hesitation., at hand　　　　 近在手边；在附近 by hand 手工；用手的 hand in hand 手挽手；密切关联 on the one hand ... on the other hand 一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面) give sb. a hand 给予某人帮助；对某人施以援手 2．lead to导致；通向 ①Thank you for leading us to_pay (pay) a visit to your school last month! ②With a guide leading (lead) the way, we arrived at a village, where we found the local people leading a happy life. ③The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's being_caught (catch)． ④(人物描写)It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads/lives_a_simple_life despite his great wealth. 难以置信的是尽管卢卡斯先生很富有，他却过着俭朴的生活。 ⑤(名言警句)As we all know, success lies in hard work while laziness_leads_to_failure. 众所周知，成功在于努力，而懒惰导致失败。, ead to (one's/one) doing sth. 导致(某人)做某事 lead sb.to do sth. 引导某人做某事 lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路；带路 名师指津：lead to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动词­ing形式。表示“导致；造成”的短语还有：result in，contribute to, bring about等。 四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)　 1.①The new type of glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds.__C__ ②The following day，the taxi driver was released on D|S5,000 bond.__B__ ③It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.__D__ ④The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.__A__ 1.bond A．n.纽带；关系 B．n.保释金 C．vt.使牢固结合 D．vi.增强信任关系 2.①I wanted to withdraw D|S4,000 from my bank account.__C__ ②I'm writing to you because I heard you are going to withdraw from the speech class.__A__ ③Sensing his mistake, the minister withdrew his statement later.__B__ 2.withdraw A．vi.退出 B．vt.收回(发言、意见等) C．vt.取(存款等) 数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段 　　　 　 (2021·全国乙卷· 阅读理解C篇)You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re­examine their relationship to single­use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10­foot­tall plastic waves, frozen mid­crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. [真题评价] [价值导向]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注。我们在欣赏作品的同时，深刻领会其寓意，即一根塑料吸管虽小，但千万根塑料吸管扔进大海就“堆积如山”。文章旨在唤醒我们要提高环保意识，保护我们的海洋。 1．What are Von Wong's artworks intended for? A．Beautifying the city he lives in. B．Introducing eco­friendly products. C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D．Reducing garbage on the beach. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成巨型雕塑，迫使观看者重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，从而引发公众对塑料垃圾的关注。 2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A．To show the difficulty of their recycling. B．To explain why they are useful. C．To voice his views on modern art. D．To find a substitute for them. 解析：选A　写作意图题。第三段第一句点明全球塑料垃圾的可回收利用率很小。第二句和最后一句也分别提到“they cannot be recycled”和“the straw will take centuries to disappear”，意在说明塑料吸管很难回收利用。 3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A．Calming.　　　　　 B．Disturbing. C．Refreshing. D．Challenging. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，Von Wong和志愿者把一万多件塑料制品捆绑在一起，看起来像是从卡车上同时倾倒出一样，冲击感强烈，令人感到不安。disturbing“引起烦恼的，令人不安的”。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文第一段介绍了艺术家Von Wong把塑料废品制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对海洋塑料垃圾的关注，下文介绍了他的作品及付出的努力。因此，“海洋塑料垃圾变身成雕塑”是最佳标题。 [语篇精读] 一、理文脉，把握文章大意 本文是一篇说明文，采用了“主张—反应”型的语篇模式。 二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(派生词)He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re­examine their relationship to singleuse plastic products.v.再次检查；重新考虑 ②(一词多义)Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. n．废物，废弃物 ③(熟词生义)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.n.作品；v.迫使 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①make a difference　　　　　 有影响，起作用 ②make its first appearance 首次亮相 ③by no means 绝不 ④come under fire 受到攻击，受到批评 ⑤look like 看起来像 ⑥all at once 突然，忽然；一起 三、析难句，破解阅读障碍 1．Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. 抓标志：并列连词but和第一个and；从属连词第一个because 判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋并列复合句(含一个原因状语从句) 试翻译：塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但它们最近受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要用它们来喝(饮料)，而且由于它们的体积和重量小，它们无法回收。 2．Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. 抓标志：关系代词that 判类型：主语(含一个定语从句)＋谓语＋宾语(含一个定语从句) 试翻译：Von Wong艺术作品中的每一根吸管都可能来自饮料，这些吸管人们只使用了几分钟。 3．For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once. 抓标志：关系代词which 判类型：分词短语作状语＋主句＋定语从句(含一个宾语从句) 试翻译：在这个名为“一卡车的塑料”的作品中，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，看起来像是一起从一辆卡车上倾倒下来。 由教材典句，学高级表达　 句式　过去分词短语作定语 |解|读|规|则| (1)过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成，与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 (2)过去分词短语作定语时，要放在名词后面，作后置定语；单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，放在名词的前面。 |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) ①The water and air which are polluted are harmful to people's health. →The_polluted_water_and_air are harmful to people's health. ②Our group would like to organize a book donation activity which is named “Sharing Books, Passing Love” for my primary school. →Our group would like to organize a book donation activity named_“Sharing_Books,_Passing_Love” for my primary school. |应|用|写|美| ③(邀请信)音乐节由两部分组成，将使我们更多地了解中国民间音乐。 The music festival, made_up_of_two_parts,_will enable us to know more about Chinese folk music. ④(动作描写)我们躺在草地上，凝视着被闪烁的星星点缀的夜空。 We lay on the grass, staring at the night sky spotted_with_twinkling_stars. 建构语义场，丰富语料库　 子语境(一)　海洋的现状 1．drop sharply　　　　　　　　 急剧减少 2．be poured into the ocean 被倾倒入海洋中 3．make an alarming discovery 惊人的发现 4．be faced with a severe situation 面临着严峻的形势 5．destroy the balance of life in the ocean 破坏海洋中生命的平衡 6．In recent years, overfishing and pollution have put the oceans in great danger.近年来，过度捕捞和污染已使海洋处于极大的危险之中。 7．Covering about 70 percent of Earth's surface, the ocean is home to a wide variety of marine life, and is the main source of protein for people around the world.海洋约占地球表面的70%，是各种海洋生物的家园，也是全球人类蛋白质的主要来源。 子语境(二)　保护海洋的措施 1．ban overfishing strictly 严格禁止过度捕捞 2．maintain the balance of ecosystem 　 维持生态平衡 3．promote marine development 促进海洋发展 4．arouse people's awareness of protecting the sea唤起人们保护海洋的意识 5．protect vast amounts of resources under the sea保护海洋下的大量资源 6．punish those who go against the law for causingpollution惩罚那些因造成污染而违法的人 7．It's high time that we took measures to protect oceans. 是我们采取措施保护海洋的时候了。 8．We need to protect our oceans by reducing the amount of pollution that is entering them. 我们需要通过减少进入海洋的污染来保护海洋。 子语境(三)　保护海洋的意义 1.be rich in natural resources 自然资源丰富 2．further develop relations with ... 进一步发展与……的关系 3．clean up and protect the sea for future generations 为子孙后代清理和保护海洋 4．encourage cooperation and trade across the Maritime Silk Road areas 鼓励与海上丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易 5．Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes. 进入深海也可能有助于我们预测地震等事件。 6．The ocean not only provides us with abundant sea food, but also plays a vital part in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. 海洋不仅为我们提供了丰富的海洋食物，而且在维持生态系统的平衡方面也起着至关重要的作用。 主题微写作，勤练笔不辍　 (一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现) Our Oceans, Our Responsibility When it comes to the ocean, it ①is_faced_with_a_severe_situation (面临着严峻的形势). World Oceans Day falls on June 8th，whose aim is to ②arouse people's awareness of protecting the ocean(唤起人们保护海洋的意识)． The ocean，which plays a vital role，not only offers us sufficient food，but also ③maintains the balance of ecosystem (维持生态平衡). For the benefit of the human being, ④there is an urgent need to take action/measures (迫切需要采取措施) to protect the ocean.To make our contributions，we students can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. In the meanwhile, we should stop overfishing the marine life. All in all, ⑤it is high time that (现在是……的时候了) we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean, ⑥so_that_we_can_build_a_more_harmonious_world (以便我们可以建设一个更和谐的世界) and live a better life in the future. (二)对标单元主题创写语段 寒风呼啸的夜晚，山姆驾船出海，他没有察觉到一场风暴正在酝酿之中。请你根据所给首句提示，写一个片段，描写山姆在海上所经历的遭遇。注意要有场景、动作及心理描写。 With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything，Sam set sail on a freezing night.　 　 参考范文：(配有课件“名师析题”) With the icy wind howling and the thick fog swallowing everything，Sam set sail on a freezing night. The storm was gaining strength on land, but had not yet reached a place far from the coast. Waves rocked the small boat, which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride.They were completely at the mercy of the storm. The dim lamps hanging on the boat slipped into the angry sea, throwing them in complete darkness.Only then did the fear begin to seize Sam.Then the dark sea along with the howling wind witnessed a death­and­life struggle between humans and nature.Fortunately, the stormy sea finally calmed down and the first rays of morning tiptoed on the horizon. 课时作业(一) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·枣庄调研)On August 15，a team of researchers and conservationists set off on a two­year voyage from Plymouth, England, on board the Dutch tall ship Oosterschelde. They will sail more than 46,000 miles(74,000 kilometers)and drop anchor in 32 different ports across four continents，before ending their journey in Falmouth, U．K. The expedition, named Darwin200, comes more than 190 years after Charles Darwin sailed the globe collecting specimens and shaping ideas of his theory of evolution. The team will closely follow Darwin's original voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, which set off on Dec.27,1831，and returned to England on Oct.2, 1836. Darwin was 22 years old when he joined the expedition with the intention of seeing the world before joining the church. But during the trip, Darwin became fascinated by the wide range of different species he encountered, which eventually led to him creating his theory of evolution by natural selection. Darwin's account of the journey, published after his return, also helped him establish his reputation as one of Victorian Britain's academic elite. The main aim of the new expedition is to train and inspire 200 young environmentalists, between 18 and 25 years old, who will each spend a week on board the Oosterschelde studying threatened species that Darwin encountered on his voyage. “We wanted to create a similarly transformative experience(for the young naturalists)，”Stewart McPherson, mission director of Darwin200, said in a statement. They have “the potential to be the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)and conservation leaders of tomorrow，” he added. Every week, the team will broadcast interactive “nature hour” sessions live from the ship for people across the world. They will also collect important data on ocean plastics and coral reef health, as well as survey seabirds, whales and dolphins. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了达尔文200号是为了纪念达尔文的贝格尔号航行。 1．What can we learn about Darwin200 from the first two paragraphs? A．It takes along 200 naturalists. B．It takes a shortcut for the journey. C．It is to mark Darwin's Beagle voyage. D．It lasts longer than Darwin's voyage. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，“达尔文200号”是为了纪念达尔文的贝格尔号航行。 2．How did Darwin's voyage affect him? A．It established his writing style. B．He gained a sense of adventure. C．He earned great fame and fortune. D．It changed the direction of his life. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句可知，达尔文的航行改变了他的人生方向。 3．What is Stewart McPherson's wish for the young naturalists? A．To be more creative. B．To keep an open mind. C．To develop scientific skills. D．To challenge Darwin's theory. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中斯图尔特·麦克弗森的话可知，他对年轻博物学家的期望是培养科学技能。 4．What does the team's research work focus on? A．Ocean conservation. B．The exploration of ocean. C．The art of navigation. D．Scientific education. 解析：选A　细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句可知，这个团队的研究工作集中在海洋保护上。 B With roaring ships, hammering oil drill, industrial fishing and coastal construction, humans have strongly influenced the underwater soundscape (声音景观) over the past couple of hundred years — in some cases posting a threat to whales, dolphins and other ocean creatures. Until recently, underwater sound pollution had not attracted the same attention. Now, a new paper published in the journal Science lays out the impacts, demonstrating that noise pollution can be just as harmful to the ocean environment as other kinds of pollution. Even the cracking of glaciers and any drop of rain falling on the water's surface can be heard deep under the sea. Sea life uses sound to study their habitat, and to keep in communication with each other. They also use sound by listening to know something about their environment. “It's a long­lasting problem that certainly weakens the animals all the way from individuals to populations，” says lead author Carlos M. Duarte, distinguished professor at Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), “We are hoping that this report will not only reveal elements of how humans impact the ocean through sound pollution, but that it will also bring the topic to the attention of policymakers who will be able to act based upon the very real solutions.” Marine (海洋的) ecologist Kirsten Thompson of the United Kingdom's University of Exeter, who was not involved in the study, said the report could not have come at a better time. “It summarizes the fact that we are in this new phase of human­caused noise in our oceans that is having a dramatic impact on different species.” What matters most, she notes, is the fact that the paper “doesn't just point at the problem, but it shows how to solve it”. Unlike plastic pollution or fertilizer runoff, noise pollution will not take years to fix. The moment we switch our noise off the impact disappears, Duarte says, pointing to marine life surveys conducted around April 5, 2020. Having the world use more renewable energy would lessen the need to drill for oil and gas. The international team of researchers also called for a global regulatory framework for measuring and managing ocean noise. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了噪音污染对海洋环境的危害。 5．Which of the following threatens ocean creatures? A．Travel industry. B．Human activities. C．Construction companies. D．Sailing off the coast. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，人类活动制造的噪音严重威胁着海洋生物，故选B。 6．Why noise pollution is harmful to the ocean environment? A．Ocean animals can't fall asleep. B．It causes the cracking of glaciers. C．It's a signal to the lower sea level. D．It disrupts the behavior of sea life. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sea life uses sound ... about their environment.”可知，海洋噪音污染会扰乱海洋生物的行为，从而给海洋环境带来危害。故选D。 7．What can we learn from Kirsten Thompson? A．She is one of the paper's co­authors. B．The report does not come at the right time. C．The solutions are already available. D．The report has raised great attention from seamen. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Kirsten Thompson认为研究已经找到了可行的解决办法。故选C。 8．What is needed to reduce the underwater noise? A．Technical advances and regulation. B．A policy to measure the depth of ocean. C．A global ban on drilling for oil and gas. D．Noise standards for cars and trucks. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，科技的进步和有效的监管是减少海洋噪音的有效方法。故选A。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五精品课件·名师析题 (2025·邵阳模拟)Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens (避风港) of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. __9__ __10__ Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low­lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. This can cause a coral's death. Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat­resistant corals and cross­breeding such corals to create a new type. __11__ Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral­killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century. Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.__12__ Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck. This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important. __13__ Hard­core greens — those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear. A．Corals are useful to people. B．But there are grounds for optimism. C．And they host a quarter of marine species. D．It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems. E．Coral's global ecosystem services are worth up to D|S10 trn a year. F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems. G．However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。 9．选C　根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests ... of biodiversity.”可知，珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，C项承接前文语境，继续说明珊瑚礁的重要性，切合文意。 10．选A　根据后文“Without the protection ... income.”可知，此处在说明珊瑚礁的用途。A项提到珊瑚对于人类的好处，切合文意，起到引出后文的作用。 11．选G　根据前文“Research groups around ... create a new type.”和后文“Without carbon reduction ... the century.”可知，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可，G项切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。 12．选B　根据空前一句及后文“Carbon targets ... act together.”可知，情况有好的趋势，各国开始采取行动，说明事情在往好的方向发展，B项切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。 13．选D　根据前文“This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.”可知，自然活动与人为干预相结合是非常重要的。D项承接上文，说明这种结合对生态系统也起到很大的作用，符合语境。 课时作业(二) Ⅰ.完形填空 (2025·江门模拟)In 2014, a sophomore student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo. Little did he know that a chance __1__ at the aquarium (水族馆) there would light a lifelong passion. Fast­forward to today, Xu, a Beijing native, has __2__ to the tropical island of South China's Hainan Province, where he serves as a coral __3__ for a Sanya­based tropical biological laboratory attached to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and __4__ the growth and development of the creatures that __5__ him all those years ago. Xu, who is nicknamed “coral man”， is __6__ engaged on social media platforms, where he regularly shares visually amazing photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to __7__ individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs and the oceans as a whole. For Xu, who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood, becoming a coral conservationist was an __8__ turn of events. After he first saw corals at the aquarium, he began to __9__ the local market to learn about coral __10__ from merchants who sell decorative plants, fish and corals. He also __11__ information online. Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral. “The coral organism is quite sensitive to its environment and has extremely high __12__ for water quality，” recalls Xu. “When I started growing coral, its state was not __13__.” But as Xu gained more __14__ about coral, including how to control factors like water temperature and pH levels, his coral gradually started to flourish. He also learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean, providing a __15__ for a quarter of all sea creatures. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国戏曲学院的学生徐因一次在水族馆内邂逅珊瑚的经历而对珊瑚产生了终生的热爱，他后来成了一名珊瑚保护主义者。 1．A.accident B．encounter C．application D．performance 解析：选B　根据上文中的“went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo”和下文中的“After he first saw corals at the aquarium”可知，他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生，并没有特意计划，他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚，所以是偶然在水族馆遇到了珊瑚。 2．A.moved B．driven C．appealed D．signaled 解析：选A　根据空后的“to the tropical island of South China's Hainan Province, where he serves as a coral ________”可知，身为北京人的徐搬到了海南的热带岛屿上工作。 3．A.educator B．ambassador C．artist D．conservationist 解析：选D　根据下文中的“Xu, who is nicknamed ‘coral man’”和“He aims to _______ individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs and the oceans as a whole.”可知，他致力于保护珊瑚，所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者。下文中的“becoming a coral conservationist”也是提示。 4．A.approve B．increase C．document D．smooth 解析：选C　根据空后的“the growth and development of the creatures”可知，这里表示观察和记录珊瑚的生长和变化。 5．A.separated B．relieved C．preserved D．fascinated 解析：选D　根据上文中的“light a lifelong passion”可知，他对珊瑚深深地迷恋。 6．A.actively$$