UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE（学案）-【新高考方案】2026年高考英语一轮总复习（北师大版）

|背|单|词| 一、阅读单词(明其义) 1．disaster n．　　　　　　灾难；灾祸 2．drought n. 旱灾，干旱 3．hurricane n. 飓风 4．landscape n. 风景，景色 5．jungle n. (热带)丛林 6．overuse vt. 过度使用；滥用 7．million n. 百万 8．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 9．float vi. 浮；漂 10．file n. 档案，卷宗 11．soul n. 灵魂 12．extent n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 13．tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 14．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 15．overseas adv. 在海外，在外国 16．polar adj. 极地的，地极的 17．gear n. 成套服装 18．brochure n. 小册子 19．aftershock n. (地震的)余震 20．metal n. 金属 二、核心单词(书写准) 1．flood n．　　　　　　　洪水，水灾 2．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 3．comment n. 评论；意见 4．living adj. 活的，活着的 5．climate n. 气候 6．lecture n. 讲座，讲课；演讲 7．title n. 题目，标题 8．wave n. 海浪；波涛 9．escape vi.&vt. 逃离；逃避 10．edge n. 边缘 11．rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援 12．trap vt. 困住；使陷于危险中 13．attempt n．&vt. 努力，尝试，企图 14．damage n. 伤害，损伤，损害 15．site n. 场所，地点 16．process n. 过程，进程 17．battle n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 18．duty n. 职责，义务；责任 19．conduct vt. 实施；进行；执行 vi.&vt. 指挥 20．nearby adv. 附近 21．captain n. 上校；队长；组长 22．prove vt. 证明；证实 23．continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆 24．solid adj. 连续的，不间断的； 固体的，坚硬的 25．dissuade vt. 劝阻 26．shelter n. 避难所 27．varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的 28．harmless adj. 无害的 三、变形单词(晓其变) 1．volcano　　　n．　 　火山 volcanic adj. 火山的；由火山作用引起的 2．erupt v. 爆发 eruption n. 爆发 3．crowd n. 人群 v．挤满；涌上 crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满人的 4．ecology n. 生态；生态学 ecologist n. 生态学家 ecological adj. 生态的 5．shock vt. 使震惊；使难以置信 shocked adj. 震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 6．survive vi.& vt. 　活下来；幸存 survival n. 幸存，生存 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者 7．poet n. 诗人 poem n. 诗 poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 8．mystery n. 神秘事物，难以理解的事物 mysterious adj. 神秘的 9．fright n. 恐怖；惊恐 frighten vt. (使)惊恐 frightened adj. 受惊的，害怕的 frightening adj. 令人惊恐的，骇人的 10．horror n. 恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事 horrible adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 horribly adv. 可怕地；非常地 11．curious adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 curiosity n. 好奇心 12．observe vt. 观察，注意；庆祝(节日)；遵守 observation n. 观察；观察结果 observer n. 观察者 13．equal adj. 相等的；相同的 equally adv. 平等地 equality n. 相等；平等 14．interrupt vi.&vt. 打断讲话 interruption n. 打断 15．lose vt. 失去，丧失 loss n. 丧失；死亡 16．measure vt. 估量，衡量；测量 measurement n. 测量；尺寸 17．operate v．使用，操作；经营；(使)运作；动手术 operation n. 行动，活动；手术；操作 operator n. 操作人员 18．suffer v. 遭受；忍受；经历 suffering n. (肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 19．protect v. 保护 protection n. 保护；防护 20．breath n. 呼吸 breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸 21．dust n. 灰尘；尘埃 dusty adj. 布满灰尘的 22．prepare vt. 准备，预备 preparation n. 预备，准备 prepared adj. 有准备的，准备好的 23．anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的 anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地 anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑 24．ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 ambitious adj. 有志向的，有抱负的 25．cheer v. 欢呼；(使)高兴起来 cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的 cheerfully adv. 高高兴兴地 26．distant adj. 久远的；遥远的 distance n. 距离 27．honest adj. 诚实的 honesty n. 坦诚；诚实，正直 honestly adv. 诚实地 28．scare vt. 使恐惧，惊吓 scary adj. 可怕的，恐怖的 scared adj. 惊慌的，害怕的，担忧的 29．appear vi. 出现；似乎，显得 appearance n. 外貌，外观 disappear vi. 消失 disappearance n. 消亡；消失 四、同“族”词汇(巧积累) 1．-less后缀形容词 ①harmless adj.　　　　无害的 ②careless adj. 粗心的 ③homeless adj. 无家可归的 ④hopeless adj. 无望的 ⑤powerless adj. 无力的 ⑥endless adj. 无休止的 2．dis-否定前缀词 ①disappear vi. 消失 ②disadvantage n. 不利；劣势 ③disagree v. 不同意；不一致；不适合 ④dislike v. 不喜欢；厌恶 ⑤dishonest adj. 不诚实的 ⑥disarm vt. 解除武装 |背|短|语| 1．turn one's back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理 2．suffer from　　　　　忍受，遭受 3．make use of 使用，利用 4．get hurt 受伤 5．on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生 6．all at once 突然 7．pick up 营救，搭救；用车接某人 8．breathe in 吸气 9．run out 用完；耗尽 10．break down 停止运转，出故障 11．on the way 在途中；正在走向…… 12．have difficulty/trouble with/(in) doing sth. 在(做)某事上有困难 13．at one time 曾经，一度 14．carry on 继续(行进) 15．hold on to 坚持；紧握 16．be home to 是……的家园 17．be native to 原产于 |背|佳|句| 一、背教材原句，学高级句式 1．The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell ...(the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...) 第一，物体越大，下落越快…… 2．As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(the reason why ...is/was that ...) 如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 3．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(时间状语then置于句首引起完全倒装) 极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达 单元主题：人与自然 1．Bathed in the sunshine and delighted by the fantastic scenery, we headed for the destination. 沐浴在阳光下享受着美丽的风景，我们向目的地出发。 2．With the sea wind blowing against her face, Kathy totally lost herself in the stunning views. 海风吹拂着她的脸，凯西完全迷失在这迷人的景色中。 3．Growing thick on all sides of the mountain, the trees look like a green sea extending out of our sight.四周山坡上的树木郁郁葱葱，如同绿色的海洋，一望无际。 |背|语|段| 以读促写：形体描写之“耳” I couldn't believe my ears. I immediately charged into the car to pick him up. When I heard the familiar bark, I knew that my “lost” friend was back! I collapsed to the floor as soon as I saw him, gently stroking his skinny body. He lowered his ears, tucked in his tail, and wiggled onto my lap. 我不相信自己的耳朵。我马上冲进车里，把它抱起来。当我听到那熟悉的吠叫声时，我知道我“失踪”的朋友回来了！我一看见它，就瘫坐在地上，轻轻地抚摸他那皮包骨的身子。它耷拉着耳朵，夹着尾巴，盘曲在我的大腿上。 [高分悟道]　本段中使用了“couldn't believe my ears, heard, lowered his ears”等词汇，通过描写与耳部有关的动作，形象地刻画了“我”见到走失后又回来的小狗时的兴奋心情和小狗再次见到主人时的放松状态。 课前请完成《默写本》P558的相关内容 第1课时语基夯实课 单元词汇全面盘查 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Soon after the flood, 　　　　　　 (营救) workers, including medical teams and troops were quickly organized and sent to the disaster-hit area. 2．When we read, we can 　　　　　　 (逃跑) from the stresses of everyday life and enter a different world. 3．I think it's a 　　　　　　 (责任) for me to offer the best voluntary service to our foreign guests and meanwhile promote Chinese culture. 4．Recently the school infirmary has 　　　　　 (开展) a survey of shortsightedness in our school. 5．I am sure my knowledge will 　　　　　　　 (证明) helpful when I introduce the ancient Silk Road to foreign guests. 6．At first I was so scared, fearing these grey seals would attack me, but the instructor told me they were 　　　　　　 (无害的)． 7．We need to quickly carry out enforcement action for golden monkey 　　　　　　 (野生动物) protection. 8．It's also a good idea to 　　　　　　 (尝试) to write some short stories or poems in Chinese, which is beneficial to experience the beauty of Chinese culture. 9．Located in the north-central part of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang enjoys a mild and humid 　　　　　　 (气候) and abundant sunshine. 10．These activities helped us further understand the 　　　　　　 (损害) that plastic rubbish does to the environment and it's time to take action. Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出黑体词汇在句中的词性及汉语意思) 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.　　　　　　　　 2．When she began to lecture us, a water “bullet” shot from my gun, smacking (猛击) her right eye, and she lost her temper.　　　　　　　 3．For them, there's something highly exciting about escaping someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.　　　　　　　　 4．After I went to high school, somehow I became distant from him.　　　　　　　　 5．Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.　　　　　　　　 6．He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury.　　　　　　　　 7．①More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste.　　　　　　　　 ②On the meeting, most of the workers demanded for equal rights and salary at work.　　　　　　　　 ③I'm certain my experience and knowledge will ensure my being equal to the position.　　　　　　　　 ④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.　　　　　　　　 8．①(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem.　　　　　　　　 ②Can you measure accurately with this ruler？　　　　　　　　 ③Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test.　　　　　　　　 ④The route measures 10 kilometres, from our school gate to the Wetland Park.　　　　　　　　 Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．As a result of rising sea level caused by global warming and exploding population, our land is becoming too 　　　　　　 (crowd)． 2．I was very 　　　　　　 (shock) to get your letter saying that the noise from my flat has been spoiling your evenings. 3．This lecture can benefit us a lot as we can master the skills of 　　　　　　 (survive) in an earthquake. 4．　　　　　　 (frighten), Addison employed all his strength to open the door of the washroom again but in vain. 5．With the big exam approaching, so limited is the time that I feel at a 　　　　　　 (lose) about how to cope well with the new test type. 6．Children normally feel a great deal of 　　　　 about their exams，which their parents are also 　　　　　　 about.(anxious) 7．This old temple, now still keeping many of its 　　　　　　 features, was 　　　　　　 related to a legend, whose origin remains a mystery.(origin) 8．You are advised to make full 　　　　　　， because only when you are fully 　　　　　　 can you deal with various emergencies.(prepare) 9．We are always 　　　　　　 about something and it is this 　　　　　　 that drives us to seek for new knowledge.(curious) 10．The conference was 　　　　　　 for some twenty minutes due to a sudden 　　　　　　 to power supply.(interrupt) 11．I think that all of us are born 　　　　　　 and we all hope to live together in peace and 　　　　　　.(equal) 12．The machine 　　　　　　 was immediately 　　　　　　 on by an expert, and luckily, the 　　　　　 was very successful.(operate) Ⅳ.选词填空 turn one's back on, suffer from, run out, pick up, make use of, on the edge of, break down, on the way 1．You ought to seize every chance to learn and 　　　　　　 all kinds of learning resources. 2．The little boy 　　　　　　　　 some Chinese when he visited China with his parents. 3．With the natural resources 　　　　　　　　， we have to find other ways to provide energy. 4．At that time I often stayed up late and had no time for exercise, so that I 　　　　　　　　 obesity and neck pain. 5．Yesterday, my roommate Tony was 　　　　　　　　 to the classroom when he fell down and could hardly move. 6．After what seemed to be centuries of waiting, I was 　　　　　　　　 collapse. 7．Join us! Let's voice our opinions on current affairs and 　　　　　　　　 the walls between cultures! 8．He is a warm-hearted man and never 　　　　　　　　 his neighbors when they need help. 重点词汇深化学习 1．shock [vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．震惊] |系|统|归|纳| (1)be shocked by/at sth. 被……震惊 be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊 (2)in shock 震惊地 be numb with shock 震惊地目瞪口呆 (3)shocked adj. 惊愕的，(感到)震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的；令人气愤的 |多|维|训|练| ①Hearing the news, all present were 　　　　　 (shock) and looked at each other, speechlessly. ②His cold attitude to this thing was 　　　　　 (shock) to her. ③(情节描写)I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that my partner was admitted to hospital.Meanwhile, I 　　　　　　　　　　 I had no option but to finish our project on my own. 听到我的搭档住院的消息，我很震惊。与此同时，我很震惊地发现我别无选择，只能自己完成我们的项目。 2．escape [vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；被遗忘；(指气体、液体等)漏出 n．逃跑，逃脱，逃避] |系|统|归|纳| (1)escape from ...　　　　　从……中逃脱 escape (doing) sth. 避免/逃脱(做)某事 escape one's notice 逃过某人的注意 (2)have a narrow escape 九死一生；幸免于难 名师指津：(1)表示“勉强逃脱”时，用narrowly修饰动词escape。 (2)表示“某人忘记……”时，用sth.escape(s) sb.。 |多|维|训|练| ①The flying bird was lucky enough to escape 　　　　　　 (catch) by the hidden nets the farmers spread over the fields. ②(心理描写)Yesterday, I came across my former classmate, but 　　　　　　　　　　， which made me embarrassed. 昨天，我遇到了我以前的同学，但我忘了他的名字，这让我很尴尬。 ③(场景描写)I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 from a burning building last night.As the fire spread to the upper floors, I managed to find a small window and climbed out with the help of a passer-by.It was a terrifying experience, but thankfully, I 　. 昨晚我从一座着火的建筑中侥幸逃脱。当大火蔓延到上层楼时，我设法找到一个小窗户，并在路人的帮助下爬了出来。那是一次可怕的经历，但值得庆幸的是，我逃离了危险。 3．survive [vi.活下来；生存，存活，继续存在 vt.幸存；幸免于难；挺过(难关)；比……活得长] |系|统|归|纳| (1)survive sth.　　　　　在……之后仍然幸存 A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……) survive on 靠……存活下来 (2)survival n. 幸存 (3)survivor n. 幸存者 名师指津：survive表示“比……活得长，经历灾难活下来”时是及物动词，后面直接跟表示人或灾难的词。 |多|维|训|练| ①Having knowledge of safety procedures can increase your chances of 　　　　 (survive)． ②All the 　　　　　　 (survive) have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a nearby shelter. ③(活动介绍)In order to let students know 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， our school organized an adventure in the forest. 为了让同学们知道如何在野外生存，我们学校组织了一次森林探险活动。 ④(主旨升华句)Life isn't about 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　； it's about learning to dance in the rain. 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中舞蹈。 4．curious [adj.好奇的，好打听的；稀奇古怪的 ] |系|统|归|纳| (1)be curious about ... 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇心 meet/satisfy one's curiosity 　　　满足某人的好奇心 (3)curiously adv. 好奇地(＝with curiosity) 名师指津：表示情感的形容词如curious、 happy、 excited、 embarrassed、 surprised等后面常接动词不定式。 |多|维|训|练| ①He always had a sense of 　　　　　　 (curious), wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. ②(建议信)Knowing that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 just held in our school, I'd like to give you a brief description about it. 知道你对我们学校刚刚举行的教育周很好奇，我想给你一个简短的介绍。 ③(场景描写)Walking through the museum, Emily 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the ancient artifacts.　　　　　　　　　　， she carefully examined the intricate patterns. 艾米丽走过博物馆，好奇地想探索一下这些古代文物。出于好奇，她仔细地研究错综复杂的图案。 5．equal [vt.等于，比得上adj.相等的；相同的；胜任的 n．(地位、权利等)相当的人(或物)] |系|统|归|纳| (1)equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过某人/物 (2)be equal to (doing) sth.　等于/胜任(做)某事 be equal in 在……方面比得上 (3)without equal 无与伦比 (4)equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地 |多|维|训|练| ①People from these minority groups must have 　　　　　　 (equal) of opportunity. ②You must have a good education, but practical training is 　　　　　　 (equal) important. ③(申请信)Firstly, nobody can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.　　　　　　　　 is that I am 　　　　　　　　 in communication skills.So I hold the firm belief that I 　　　　　　　　 as a volunteer for the fair. 首先，没人能在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是，我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。 6．attempt [n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图 ] |系|统|归|纳| (1)in an attempt to do sth.　　　　　为了做某事 make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 企图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 (2)attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的 名师指津：attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.或seek to do sth.，意为“试图做某事”，但不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。 |多|维|训|练| ①A man is being questioned in relation to the 　　　　　　 (attempt) robbery last night. ②(话题写作之环境保护)Considering that most students fail to classify garbage properly, our club will organize this lecture 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(attempt n．) 考虑到大多数学生没有正确分类垃圾，我们俱乐部将组织这次讲座来指导这一行为。 ③(情节描写)I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　， but I was all thumbs.I frowned anxiously. 我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物，但我笨手笨脚的。我不安地皱了皱眉。 7．measure [vt.估量，衡量；测量vi.量度为，有……长(宽、高等) n．措施，方法] |系|统|归|纳| (1)be measured by/in ...　　用……来计算/衡量 (2)make ...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做…… take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事) 名师指津：(1)measure作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。 (2)take measures (to do sth.)的被动语态形式经常作为考查点。 |多|维|训|练| ①It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't 　　　　　　 (measure) only by examination results. ②The area, 　　　　　　 (measure) 5 kilometres by 3 kilometres, has been purchased by the army. ③(话题写作之环境保护)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to protect the endangered species or they will die out. 应该采取措施保护濒危物种，否则它们将会灭绝。 ④(2023·北京高考书面表达)Only if 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the awareness of environmental protection can we build a green Beijing in the near future. 我们只有采取适当的措施来增强环保意识，才能在不久的将来建成一个绿色的北京。 8．observe [vt.观察；注意；看到；注视，监视；遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝，庆贺] |系|统|归|纳| (1)observe sb.do/doing sth. 看到某人做了/正在做某事 observe sth.done 看到某事被做 observe a rule 遵守规则 observe a festival 庆祝节日 (2)observation n. 观察；观察结果 under observation 在观察中，在监视下 名师指津：observe sb.do sth.中的 observe用于被动语态时，要变成sb./sth.be observed to do sth.的形式。类似用法的词还有：see、 hear、 notice等。 |多|维|训|练| ①(环境描写)On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea of clouds. →On the top of Mount Tai, people excitedly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 from the sea of clouds.(改写为简单句) ②(场景描写)My friend and I arrived in London at the Carnival.We found that most people in Europe 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.The roads were crowded with all kinds of people wearing different costumes and masks.Some didn't 　　　　　　　　 so the police had to 　　　　　　　　.A policeman even kept me 　　　　　　　　. 我和我的朋友在狂欢节期间到达伦敦。我们发现大多数欧洲人都庆祝这个节日。道路上挤满了各种各样的人，他们穿着不同的服装，戴着不同的面具。有些人不遵守规则，所以警察不得不密切观察。一名警察甚至监视我。 9．make use of[使用，利用 ] |系|统|归|纳| (1)　　　充分利用 (2)come into use 开始使用 put into use 投入使用 be of (great) use (很)有用的 It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是没用的 名师指津：(1)make use of的变形：把use作为先行词变成定语从句的形式考查。注意of不能省略。 (2)It is no use/useless doing sth.句型可以转变成find/think/consider＋it＋no use/useless doing sth.句型。 |多|维|训|练|—————————————————————(补全语段) Computers ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the early 1950s.Now they ②　　　　　　　 in a wide range of fields.However, some students are addicted to computer games and even neglect their studies, which has led to many parents and teachers complaining of the disadvantages of computers.③　　　　　　　　　　　　.What we should do is take measures to let the students know how to ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 计算机在20世纪50年代初首次投入使用。现在它们在很多领域都非常有用。然而，一些学生沉迷于电脑游戏甚至忽略了他们的学习，这导致许多家长和老师抱怨电脑的弊端。抱怨是没有用的。我们应该做的是采取措施让学生们知道如何充分利用它们。 10．pick up[营救，搭救；拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然) 学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转；取回] |系|统|归|纳| pick oneself up　　　　跌倒后站起来 pick up speed 加速 pick on 故意刁难挑剔，闹别扭 pick out 挑出；辨别出 |多|维|训|练| ①(话题写作之比赛场景)David 　　　　　　　 and started again until he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. 大卫站起来重新开始，直到他在热烈的欢呼和掌声中越过终点线。 ②(建议信)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， you may find it hard to get rid of them. 你一旦染上一些坏习惯，就会发现它们很难除掉。 ③(对话描写)Mrs Green 　　　　　　　　　　 and added, “Linda, I like your idea.Would you please follow me to the office and talk about it？” 格林夫人挑出我的答卷，补充道：“琳达，我喜欢你的想法。你能跟我去办公室谈谈吗？” 11．run out[用完；耗尽] |系|统|归|纳| run out of　　　　　　　用完；用尽；用光 run into 撞上；遭遇；达到 run across 偶然遇到；穿过 run after 追求；追赶，追逐 run away 逃离；突然离开 辨析比较： run out of 表示“用完，耗尽”时，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，相当于短语use up，可以用于被动语态。 run out 表示“用完，耗尽；文件到期”时，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱、文件等名词，不能用于被动语态。 |多|维|训|练|—————————————————————(补全语段) Yesterday when ①　　　　　　　　　 the naughty boy in the yard, I ②　　　　　　　　 a tree and injured my head.My patience ③　　　　　　 so I ④　　　　　　　　 my patience and lost temper.Finding that I was really mad, he ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　.However, I was still extremely angry.Just then I ⑥　　　　　　　　 something shiny under the tree.I picked it up and found it was the ring I had lost many years before, which made me overjoyed. 昨天我在院子里追赶那个调皮的男孩时，撞到了一棵树上，把头弄伤了。我的耐心耗尽了，所以我忍无可忍，发了脾气。发现我真生气了，他跑了。然而，我还是极度愤怒。就在这时，我在树下偶然发现了一个发亮的东西。我把它捡起来，发现这是我多年前丢失的戒指，这让我喜出望外。 12．break down[(机器)停止运转，出故障；身体垮掉； 失败；崩溃；消除；拆除；分解] |系|统|归|纳| break up　　　　　打碎；分裂；解体；分拆；驱散；分手；(关系)破裂；结束；放假 break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态) break away from 脱离；挣脱 辨析比较：break in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；break into中的into是介词，后面接宾语。 |多|维|训|练|—————(用break短语的适当形式完成句子) ①(求助信)Due to a terrible quarrel, we 　　　　　　　　　　　 and he even 　　　　　　　　　　　　 our organization.I don't know how to 　　　　　　　　 our conflict, so could you please be kind enough to offer me some proposals? 由于一场激烈的争吵，我们的关系破裂了，他甚至脱离了我们的组织。我不知道如何消除我们的冲突，所以你可以好心地给我一些建议吗？ ②(场景描写)We were discussing anxiously when he 　　　　　　　　，“Perhaps someone had 　　　　　　　　 the room and set a fire to it, so the fire 　　　　　　.” 我们正在焦急地讨论，这时他闯了进来，“也许有人闯进房间放火了，所以着火了。” 课时作业评价 课下请完成配套训练P389－390“课时作业(一)” 第2课时写作提能课 学教材佳句，写亮句子 (说明：句中的黑体词汇为单元复现词汇) 句式1　the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ... |解|读|规|则| (1)the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化； (2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。此结构可以用省略形式。 (3)其他类似结构： ①“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。 ②“the more ..., the less ...”意为“越……，越不……”。 |习|练|规|则|　(单句语法填空) ①The more roads and parking lots we pave, the 　　　　　　 (little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. ②One of the most mysterious things about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 　　　　　　 (hot) the spring! ③The more efforts you put into the exploration, the 　　　　　　 (cheerful) you will feel. |应|用|写|美| ④(建议信)如果你能尽快适应新环境，它将对你更有益。 　　　　　　　　 you can get used to the new environment, 　　　　　　　　　　　　 it will become to you. ⑤(心理描写)她越想这件事就越害怕，手掌冒汗，心跳加速。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly. 句式2　the reason why ...is/was that ... |解|读|规|则| (1)The reason why ...is/was that ...意为“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。 (2)That's why ...意为“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。 (3)That's because ...意为“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。 注意：(1)在“The reason why ...is/was that ...”句型中，表语从句只能用that引导，不能用because； (2)在“That's why/because ...”句型中，why后强调结果，because后强调原因。 |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) 　I like swimming so much.Swimming can help build up my body and form the habit of exercising. ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 it can help build up my body and form the habit of exercising. ②I like swimming so much.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 it can help build up my body and form the habit of exercising. ③Swimming can help build up my body and form the habit of exercising.　　　　　　　　　　 I like swimming so much. |应|用|写|美| ④(申请信)我认为我能胜任一名志愿者的原因是，我不仅善于与这些留学生相处，而且我的英语也很好。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 not only am I good at getting along with these overseas students but also I have a good command of English. ⑤(建议信)你练习得越多，英语就能说得越流畅，这是因为熟能生巧。 The more you practise speaking English, the more fluently you'll speak it.　 　 句式3　完全倒装 |解|读|规|则| 为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，常使用完全倒装结构。使用规则如下： (1)out、 in、 down、 up、 away、 here、 there、 now、 then、 next等表示方位和时间的副词位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装； (2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装； (3)作表语的形容词、分词短语或介词短语等提到系动词前面时，句子用完全倒装； (4)代词such位于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。 注意：当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。 |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) ①The door opened and the children rushed out. →The door opened and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ②A young man and his wife, who were enjoying the beautiful landscape outside, sat by the window. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， who were enjoying the beautiful landscape outside. ③Some admirable scientists from China, who have made great achievements in medicine, are present at the meeting. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， who have made great achievements in medicine. |应|用|写|美| ④(场景描写)其他赛跑选手们跑远了。大卫虽然落后，但他坚持跑，大家都为他鼓掌。 　. Though David fell behind, he kept on running.Everyone clapped him. ⑤(主旨升华句)这就是成功的秘诀——多一点点努力，多一点点决心，就能创造出多一点点奇迹。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 — a little bit more efforts and a little bit more determination will create a little bit more miracle. 积主题语素，写美语段 建构主题语义场 子语境(一)　野生动物保护 1．appeal to　　　　　　　　　呼吁 2．illegal hunting 非法捕猎 3．take strict measures 采取严厉措施 4．on the edge of extinction 在灭绝的边缘 5．take good care of the animals 好好照顾动物 6．raise the awareness of wildlife preservation提高野生动物保护意识 7．Your small actions can also make a big difference. 你小小的行动也可以产生很大的影响。 8．Through collective efforts, we can secure a future where humans and wildlife live together harmoniously. 通过共同努力，我们可以确保人类和野生动物和谐共处的未来。 子语境(二)　自然灾害场景 1．in ruins　　　　　　　　　　沦为废墟 2．be caught in a terrible fire 遇到可怕的火灾 3．result in 10 deaths 导致10人死亡 4．sink into despair 陷入绝望 5．cause great damage to 造成巨大破坏 6．be faced with a tough situation 面对艰难处境 7．In a flash, with a burst of thunder, rain poured down once again, beating heavily against the window. 刹那间，伴随着一阵雷鸣，大雨再次倾盆而下，重重地击打在窗户上。 8．The wind was roaring, uprooting a bunch of trees like a wild beast. 风呼啸着，像野兽一样把一堆树连根拔起。 子语境(三)　灾难救援 1．spare no efforts　　　　　　　不遗余力 2．come to rescue 来救援 3．without any hesitation 毫不迟疑 4．be thankful/grateful for 感激 5．offer support and comfort 提供支持和安慰 6．enhance the fire safety awareness 强化消防安全意识 7．I'm grateful for the solidarity and compassion shown during this difficult time. 我很感激大家在这段困难时期表现出的团结和同情。 8．With donations in large amounts and joint efforts of all the people, it is believed that the city will revive itself and get back up on its feet soon.有了大量的捐款和所有人的共同努力，相信这个城市很快就会复苏并重新站起来。 主题语段微写作 一、运用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现) Over past ten years, ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (很多野生动物物种的消失) has caused great concern.Man and nature, as we all know, coexist in harmony.②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (人类对环境造成的破坏) and the endless hunting of wild animals result in their extinction，with more ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在灭绝的边缘), and in turn it ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (不可避免影响人类的生存)． Therefore, protecting wild animals really matters.It always comes first for the government ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (采取严厉的措施) accordingly.High technology should also be applied to the improvement of the habitats for the wild animals.⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (同样重要的) is everyone's involvement in wildlife protection.Your small actions ⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　 (能够产生巨大影响)． 二、主题语段的细节描写训练 1．描述自然灾害 In a small coastal town, an ordinary day ①　　　　　(变成) a nightmare when ②　　 (火山喷发) brought about a massive tsunami. Houses and streets ③　 　 (被淹没) in an instant. The once crowded town was now ④　　　　　　　　　 (破败不堪), with nothing left but ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　 (幸存者震惊的面孔)．The earth trembled and buildings collapsed, trapping many people in the ruins. The whole city was ⑥　　　　　　 (震惊), and the air was filled with dust and ⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (被困者的尖叫声) and those who couldn't find their loved ones. 2．描述灾难救助的场景 In the midst of the disaster, the local people had to ①　　　　　　　　　　　 (迅速反应). ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一些人在露天建造临时避难所), using whatever materials they could find. Others organized rescue groups to find missing people, hoping to find them alive. ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (尽管形势严峻), the spirit of the community was not swept away. With every breath filled with dust, they began their efforts ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (营救那些被困的人). They used pipes to communicate with those beneath the ruins, listening for faint whistles and tapping sounds. Meanwhile，⑤　　　　　　　　　　 (临时诊所也建立起来) to treat those injured. In face of this emergency, they ⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　 (保持镇静)． 课时作业评价 课下请完成配套训练P391－392“课时作业(二)” 第3课时主题阅读课 一、精读阅读理解——提素养　　　　　　 (2023·全国乙卷·阅读理解B篇)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.(说明：文中加黑词汇为本单元主题词汇) [真题评价] 1．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest？(　 ) A．By teaming up with other photographers. B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C．By studying the geographical conditions. D．By creating settings in the corn fields. 2．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author？(　 ) A．Proper time management. B．Good shooting techniques. C．Adventurous spirit. D．Distinctive styles. 3．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake？(　 ) A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B．They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C．They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D．They had problems with their equipment. 4．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake？(　 ) A．Amusing. B．Satisfying. C．Encouraging. D．Comforting. [语篇精读] 一、理文脉，把握文章大意 本文是一篇记叙文，采用了“叙事”型的语篇模式。 二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(一词多义)To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.________________；________________ ②(一词多义)After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.________________ 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①specialize in________________ ②go on adventures ________________ ③set up ________________ ④on the spot ________________ ⑤team up with sb. ________________ 三、析难句，破解阅读障碍 I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. 抓标志：并列连词____________ 判类型：分句一＋so＋分句二(含一个省略关系代词的定语从句) 试翻译：我经常早早出发，去寻找合适的目的地，这样我就可以早点调试好(设备)，避免错过我想要拍摄的那一刻。 二、精析读后续写——启思维　　　　　　 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 [1] It was a lovely spring morning. The sky was blue, the sun was out, and the air was warm.❶ As I drove along the curvy roads, I saw thousands of wild flowers in bloom and some volunteers picking up trash along the side of the road. I smiled as I saw them doing some “Spring Cleaning” for our Mother Earth and my mind was cast back to the spring day long long ago. [2] When my children were younger, we used to walk a small trail around the lake near our home. One spring day, my daughter and I noticed much trash was lying along the trail. The next day we brought a big trash bag with us and started to pick up the trash along the way slowly. There were pop cans, plastic water bottles, wrappers for candy bars, empty chip bags, pieces of broken fishing line, and even an old deserted shoe.❷ We picked up each one and even fished a few pieces of garbage out of the water.❸ By the time we had circled the lake, the bag was nearly full. [3] Tired but happy, we finally put the bag in an empty trash can. Before we headed home, we took one last look at the lake.❹ It looked more beautiful than ever and I felt like the angels were smiling at us at that moment.❺ [4] I realized that though environmental pollution is still serious, the truth is that every time we stop to pick up a single piece of trash, it will make a difference. So from then on I planned to take further action to keep the environment clean. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 　2.请按如下格式作答。 When we were back home, my family discussed how to clear the rubbish regularly.　 　 The following weekend, we put our plan into practice.　 　 　 [高分写作指导] 一、读文路径 把握结构主旨 二、思考路径 1．理清故事双线 2．关注伏笔照应 伏笔1：I smiled ... long long ago. (暗示作者一家会制订“Spring Cleaning”计划。) 伏笔2：When my children ... our home. (暗示作者的孩子们会参与制订计划。) 伏笔3：So from then on ... environment clean. (暗示作者一家会采取更具体的清除垃圾计划。) 3．构思续写内容(运用“5所”构思) 第一段： ①What did my children say？(根据前文伏笔2提出问题：所说——接续首句) ②What was the plan called？(根据前文伏笔1提出问题：所做——照应前文) ③How did we feel about the plan？(所感——衔接下文) 第二段： ④How did we carry out our plan？(根据前文伏笔3提出问题：所做——接续首句) ⑤What did we hope this plan could achieve？What did we see on that day？(所想、所见——推进情节) ⑥What was the result？(所做——自然结尾) 4．吻合语言风格 本续写前文运用了自然场景描写，如①②句，展现了今昔环境对比。文中插入了动作和心理描写，如③④句，体现了作者和女儿乐于奉献的精神。文章还使用了比喻修辞，如⑤句，体现了作者自豪的心情。 三、写作路径 1．写好两个关键语段 (1)请设计“我”和孩子们一起制订计划的场景。 　 　 　 (2)请设计一个合理的结尾。 　 　 　 2．做到衔接照应全文(请完成文章续写) When we were back home, my family discussed how to clear the rubbish regularly. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 The following weekend, we put our plan into practice. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　(拍照上传学生习作，现场品优析劣) 课时作业评价 课下请完成配套训练P393－394“课时作业(三)” 32 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$