Unit 1 Period 3 Using Language（分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Period 4 Using Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 ( 7 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 航空航天科学 ______________________ 2. 科学精神 ______________________ 3. 转换专业 ______________________ 4. 研究生学习 ______________________ 5. 火箭推进 ______________________ 6. 克服困难 ______________________ 7. 载人卫星 ______________________ 8. 前沿科学 ______________________ 9. 航天之父 ______________________ 10. 物理天才 ______________________ 11. 抽象思维 ______________________ 12. 宇宙起源 ______________________ 13. 稳态理论 ______________________ 14. 大爆炸理论 ______________________ 15. 证明正确 ______________________ 16. 杰出科学家 ______________________ 17. 艺术鉴赏 ______________________ 18. 面对挑战 ______________________ 19. 科学研究 ______________________ 20. 承认错误 ______________________ 【答案】 1.aerospace science 2.scientific spirit 3.switch major 4.graduate studies 5.rocket propulsion 6.overcome difficulties 7.man - made satellite 8.frontier science 9.father of aerospace 10.physics genius 11.abstract thought 12.origin of the universe 13.steady state theory 14.big bang theory 15.prove true 16.outstanding scientist 17.appreciation for art 18.take on challenges 19.scientific research 20.admit faults 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. Qian Xuesen was a ________ (爱国的) scientist who devoted his life to serving his homeland. 2. To safeguard the nation, we must learn to ________ (保卫) our country as Qian Xuesen did. 3. In the 1930s–1940s, Qian Xuesen was a ________ (先驱) in American jet and rocket technology. 4. Qian Xuesen and Hawking both made contributions to ________ (前沿的) science research. 5. Due to his illness, Stephen Hawking’s research focused on ________ (抽象的) thought about the universe. 6. Stephen Hawking was a ________ (杰出的) physicist despite his physical challenges. 7. Facing doubts about China’s missile development, Qian Xuesen gave a ________ (坚定的) reply: “Why not?” 8. Art provided ________ (灵感) for Qian Xuesen’s scientific research. 9. Every great scientist, like Qian Xuesen, has a deep love for their ________ (祖国). 10. In the past, China had few ________ (人才) in rocket science, but Qian Xuesen changed this situation. 【答案】 1.patriotic 2.defend 3.pioneer 4. frontier 5. abstract 6. brilliant 7. determined 8. inspiration 9. homeland 10. talents 三、单句语法填空。 1. Qian Xuesen, __________ devoted his life to China’s aerospace, is called “the father of China’s aerospace”. 答案：who 解析：先行词为 Qian Xuesen（人），定语从句中缺主语，故用关系代词 who 引导（对应文章第一段“...a man... who was patriotic...”的定语从句结构）。 2. __________ (overcome) many difficulties, Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955. 答案：Having overcome 解析：overcome 与主语 Qian Xuesen 是主动关系，且“克服困难”发生在“回国”之前（表动作先后），故用 现在分词完成式 Having overcome（对应文章“After overcoming some difficulties... Qian returned...”的逻辑，强化时间先后）。 3. Under the leadership __________ Qian Xuesen, China made great progress in missile development. 答案：of 解析：固定搭配 under the leadership of（在……的领导下），对应文章“Under Qian’s leadership, China developed...”的结构。 4. Stephen Hawking became famous __________ he was a graduate student at Cambridge University. 答案：when 解析：引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，对应文章“Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk...”的句式。 5. Once the maths in Hawking’s research __________ (correct), his big bang theory was proven true. 答案：was corrected 解析：maths 与 correct 是被动关系（数学被修正），且事件发生在过去，故用 一般过去时的被动语态 was corrected（对应文章“Once the maths was corrected, it showed that... ”的原句结构）。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 钱学森被作者描述为一个有着伟大科学思想和科学精神的人。 Qian Xuesen was described by the authors as a man _______________________________________________ 2. 由于意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家，钱学森决定转学航空专业。 Qian made the decision to__________________________ to aviation because he realised China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 3. 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了东风导弹。 ____________________________________, China developed the Dongfeng missiles. 4. 霍金在宇宙起源的研究上挑战了传统理论，尽管他当时还是个研究生。 Hawking _______________________________________________________ when he was still a graduate student. 5. 钱学森克服了美国的一些困难后，于1955年回到了中国。 _______________________________________in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. 6. 霍金对宇宙的思考使他成为20世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 Hawking’s thoughts about the universe __________________________________________of the 20th century. 7. 钱学森不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责导弹项目。 Qian ___________________________not only developing China’s rocket science but also its missile programme. 8. 尽管中国当时火箭科学不发达，钱学森也没有放弃挑战。 ______________________________________________________ at that time, Qian did not give up the challenge. 9. 霍金的大爆炸理论很快被拥有望远镜的天文学家们证实。 Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory ________________________________________________________ 10. 钱学森对艺术的深刻欣赏常常在他的科学研究中给予他灵感。 Qian’s deep appreciation for art often ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. with great scientific thought and scientific spirit. 2. switch his major 3. Under Qian’s leadership 4. challenged the traditional theories about the origin of the universe 5. After overcoming some difficulties 6. made him one of the greatest thinkers 7. was put in charge of 8. Although China’s rocket science was undeveloped 9. was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. 10. gave him inspiration in his scientific research. 五、语法填空 In recent years, Generation Z ____36____ (leave) for the countryside. This is due to a ____37____ (prefer) for experiences over things and a desire for a sustainable (可持续的) lifestyle. Many young people are seeking a ____38____ (slow) pace of life and a closer connect ion with nature by moving to rural areas. For Gen Z, living in the country has several benefits. Firstly, it provides a relaxed pace, a relief from city stress, especially for those with anxiety. Secondly, there is greater access ____39____ nature and outdoor ____40____ (activity) such as hiking, camping and fishing, which promote physical health and a deeper connection with the environment. ____41____ (addition), the lower cost of living and less job market competition are attractive to those ____42____ (begin) their careers. These factors contribute to a lifestyle that matches Gen Z’s values of sustainability and health. Technology plays a key role in making rural living possible for Gen Z. With off-site work getting more popular, young adults can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Plus, social media makes ____43____ easier for people to show their rural lifestyles and connect with others ____44____ have similar interests, promoting a sense of belonging and encouraging them _____45_____ (explore) rural beauty. 【答案】 36. has been leaving 37. preference 38. slower 39. to 40. activities 41. Additionally 42. beginning 43. it 44. who / that 45. to explore 六、阅读理解 The art of writing by hand has a great history. From Emily Dickinson’s elegant cursive, to Stephen King’s neat block lettering, many of the most famous and important works of literature have been written by hand, reports Forbes, even when, as in King’s case, electronic word processing was an option. Now, studies have shown that writing by hand can have enormous benefits in terms of memory, brain development, and even the quality of the writing itself. Some might say that handwriting has become a dying art since the appearance of the typewriter in the mid 1880’s, even more so due to computers. In fact, many schools in the United States no longer require teaching cursive as a part of the core curriculums. However, despite the sense that writing on paper is passe, it actually has a number of important benefits. Writing by hands’ cognitive benefits are numerous and there are many studies that can attest to that. A 2014 study from the Association for Psychological Science shows that taking notes on a laptop as opposed to writing them longhand, leads to shallower processing of the material learned. This is because when using a laptop, students will often type out lectures verbatim (逐字), as opposed to processing information and rewording it in their own language. These benefits actually translate to how you recall the information. In this case writing it by hand instead of typing also helps students do better on exams. A study led by Dr. Virginia Berninger, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, suggests that children wrote longer and more complex essays when they were writing by hand, as opposed to using a keyboard. So the next time you sit down to write an email to a loved one, consider the possibility that it might be better for your brain if you wrote a handwritten letter instead. 8. What does the author intended to do in paragraph 1? A. Introduce the new finding of the study. B. Describe the history of the writing art. C. Show the benefits of writing by hand. D. Tell the story of some famous writers. 9. What does the underlined word “passe” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Necessary. B. Out-of-date. C. Essential. D. Fundamental. 10. What can we infer from the findings from the Association for Psychological Science? A. Taking notes on a laptop contributes to deeper processing of the material learned. B. When using a laptop, students will often type out lectures in a whole new light. C. Writing by hand makes people process information in their own language. D. Typing out lectures can help people reword information. 11. How should you express your love to your loved one? A. By typing the e-mail. B. By writing by yourself. C. By writing longer essays. D. By reading a poem. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了手写在记忆、大脑发育、以及写作本身的好处。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Now, studies have shown that writing by hand can have enormous benefits in terms of memory, brain development, and even the quality of the writing itself. (现在，研究表明，手写在记忆、大脑发育、甚至写作本身的质量方面都有巨大的好处。)”可知，本段主要介绍一项新的研究。故选A。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Some might say that handwriting has become a dying art since the appearance of the typewriter in the mid 1880’s, even more so due to computers. In fact, many schools in the United States no longer require teaching cursive as a part of the core curriculums. (有人可能会说，自从19世纪80年代中期打字机出现以来，手写已经成为一种垂死的艺术，而电脑的出现更是如此。事实上，美国的许多学校不再要求将草书作为核心课程的一部分。)”说明的是手写已经成为一门垂死的艺术，所以画线的词应该指的是“手写已经过时了”。Out-of-date意为“过时的”。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Writing by hands’ cognitive benefits are numerous and there are many studies that can attest to that. A 2014 study from the Association for Psychological Science shows that taking notes on a laptop as opposed to writing them longhand, leads to shallower processing of the material learned. This is because when using a laptop, students will often type out lectures verbatim(逐字), as opposed to processing information and rewording it in their own language. (手写对认知有很多好处，有很多研究可以证明这一点。心理科学协会2014年的一项研究表明，与手写笔记相比，在笔记本电脑上记笔记会导致对所学材料的浅层处理。这是因为当使用笔记本电脑时，学生们经常会逐字打印讲课内容，而不是处理信息并用自己的语言重新表述。)”可知，心理科学协会手写能够帮助人们处理信息并用自己的语言重新表述。故选C。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“So the next time you sit down to write an email to a loved one, consider the possibility that it might be better for your brain if you wrote a handwritten letter instead. (所以，下次当你坐下来给你爱的人写电子邮件时，考虑一下，如果你写一封手写的信，可能对你的大脑更好。)”可知，我们可以通过手写信的方式给自己爱的人写信。故选B。 七、七选五 Creativity is everywhere. We see it in the architecture of our buildings, the design of everyday objects like our phones, the clothes we wear, and the music we listen to. Being creative is enjoyable and productive. ____16____ So what can you practically do to help develop your creativity? Practice is crucial. One person who showed its importance was the artist Pablo Picasso. He is famous for creating daring new painting styles, but it wasn’t by accident. He spent years experimenting with the traditional rules of art. ____17____ Another way you can stimulate your creativity is by learning from others in your field. You can gain new insights and techniques by studying the works of other artists, designers, or professionals. ____18____ Additionally, interacting with fellow creatives can provide valuable feedback and support, helping you to grow and develop your skills. Creative people are also usually working in a field they love. They are generally more motivated by a love of what they do, rather than money. ____19____ Then enjoyment becomes the reward, which in turn motivates you to keep being creative. If you know your field inside out you will have the confidence to take risks and allow your creativity to blossom. ____20____ From techniques that allow your mind to think more originally, to learning from past creative masters, there are practical ways to help you use your imagination to create something original. If you direct your energy thoughtfully, you can learn to be more creative. A. Don’t hesitate to unlock your own creativity. B. This can involve attending workshops or reading books. C. Creativity is the engine that drives progress in every field. D. For some of us it comes naturally but others might need help. E. Creativity isn’t just for the arts, but can be applied in all areas of life. F. Thus, choose a field you enjoy rather than something you feel you ought to do. G. Eventually he produced ground-breaking works like Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. 【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. F 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要给出了一些有助于提高创造力的方法。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Creativity is everywhere. We see it in the architecture of our buildings, the design of everyday objects like our phones, the clothes we wear, and the music we listen to. Being creative is enjoyable and productive.(创造力无处不在。我们可以从建筑的结构、手机等日常用品的设计、我们穿的衣服和我们听的音乐中看到它。有创造力是令人愉快和富有成效的)”以及后文“So what can you practically do to help develop your creativity? (那么，你实际上可以做些什么来帮助发展你的创造力呢？)”可知，后文给出了发展创造力的方法，推测有些人的创造力并不是天生的，故D选项“对我们中的一些人来说，这是自然而然的，但其他人可能需要帮助”符合语境，故选D。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Practice is crucial. One person who showed its importance was the artist Pablo Picasso. He is famous for creating daring new painting styles, but it wasn’t by accident. He spent years experimenting with the traditional rules of art.(练习是关键。艺术家巴勃罗·毕加索就是其中之一。他以创造大胆的新绘画风格而闻名，但这并非偶然。他花了数年时间试验传统的艺术规则)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明毕加索所取得的成就，G选项中he指代上文Pablo Picasso。故G选项“最终，他创作了《亚维尼翁的少女》等开创性作品”符合语境，故选G。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Another way you can stimulate your creativity is by learning from others in your field. You can gain new insights and techniques by studying the works of other artists, designers, or professionals.(激发创造力的另一种方法是向你所在领域的其他人学习。通过研究其他艺术家、设计师或专业人士的作品，你可以获得新的见解和技巧)”以及后文“Additionally, interacting with fellow creatives can provide valuable feedback and support, helping you to grow and develop your skills.(此外，与其他创意人员互动可以提供有价值的反馈和支持，帮助你成长和发展你的技能)”可知，本句与后文都是在说明如何向其他人学习，来获得见解或技巧。故B选项“这可以包括参加研讨会或读书”符合语境，故选B。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Creative people are also usually working in a field they love. They are generally more motivated by a love of what they do, rather than money.(有创造力的人通常也在他们喜欢的领域工作。他们通常更喜欢自己所做的事情，而不是金钱)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出要提高创造力应该从事喜欢的工作，故F选项“因此，选择一个你喜欢的领域，而不是你觉得你应该做的事情”符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】 根据后文“From techniques that allow your mind to think more originally, to learning from past creative masters, there are practical ways to help you use your imagination to create something original. If you direct your energy thoughtfully, you can learn to be more creative.(从让你的思维更具原创性的技巧，到向过去的创意大师学习，有一些实用的方法可以帮助你运用你的想象力来创造一些原创的东西。如果你深思熟虑地引导你的精力，你可以学会更有创造力)”可知，本段的主旨是通过运用想象力来创造，从而开发创造力。故A选项“不要犹豫打开你自己的创造力”符合语境，故选A。 八、完形填空 Michael Surrell didn’t see black smoke shooting from his neighbors’ home in Allentown, Pennsylvania, until his daughter called. He went to ____21____ and heard a woman cry on the sidewalk. “My granddaughter Tiara is in there—on the second floor!” Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, immediately ____22____ the burning house. The conditions would have been dangerous for anyone, but for Surrell, who has lung disease, they were ____23____. Luckily, the house’s structure was ____24____ to his, so he soon made it to the second floor, only to meet ____25____ heat. His throat and lungs burned as if he’d ____26____ fire. Then a soft but distinct moan (呻吟) ____27____. Unable to see, Surrell fell to his ____28____ on the hot floor and crawled toward the ____29____ before he touched something. The girl wasn’t breathing. He picked her into his arms, stood up, fought through the _____30_____ and ran outside. He then put Tiara down on the sidewalk and started CPR. Soon a smoke-filled _____31_____ came from Tiara’s throat. She opened her eyes and their eyes met. Surrell hugged her tight and said, “I got you.” Soon after, the brave hero _____32_____. Tiara was released from the hospital soon but Surrell woke up a couple of days later. The fire _____33_____ Surrell’s lungs condition, affecting him even two years later. “It’s a small _____34_____ to pay,” he says. “I’d do it again without _____35_____. Wouldn’t give it a second thought.” 21. A. greet B. investigate C. participate D. chat 22. A. exited B. inspected C. occupied D. entered 23. A. heart-melting B. heart-breaking C. life-threatening D. life-changing 24. A. identical B. attached C. opposite D. accessible 25. A. slight B. intense C. bearable D. comfortable 26. A. put out B. burst into C. taken in D. set up 27. A. emerged B. fell C. faded D. continued 28. A. back B. face C. feet D. knees 29. A. figure B. sound C. light D. fire 30. A. mist B. dust C. smoke D. steam 31. A. cough B. scream C. sneeze D. whistle 32. A. ran away B. passed away C. sped up D. passed out 33. A. relieved B. worsened C. stabilized D. improved 34. A. bill B. debt C. price D. deposit 35. A. hesitation B. preparation C. guidance D. discipline 【答案】 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了64岁且患有肺病的迈克尔・苏雷尔（Michael Surrell）在邻居家房子着火时，不顾危险冲进火海，救出被困在二楼的小女孩蒂亚拉（Tiara），自己却因火灾导致肺病恶化的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他去查看情况，听到一个女人在人行道上哭泣。A. greet打招呼；B. investigate调查，查看；C. participate参加；D. chat聊天。根据下文“heard a woman cry on the sidewalk”可知，下文说的是听到一个女人在人行道上哭泣，可推理出迈克尔・苏雷尔去查看，故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然已经叫了消防队，但当时64岁的苏雷尔还是立即进入了着火的房子。A. exited退出；B. inspected检查；C. occupied占据；D. entered进入。根据下文“he soon made it to the second floor”可知，苏雷尔到达了房子的二楼，可推理出他进入了着火的房子，故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这种情况对任何人来说都很危险，但对患有肺病的苏雷尔来说，这是危及生命的。A. heart-melting令人感动的；B. heart-breaking令人心碎的；C. life-threatening危及生命的；D. life-changing改变生活的。根据上文“for Surrell, who has lung disease”可知，苏雷尔患有肺病，进入着火且充满烟雾的房子对他的肺部伤害极大，所以这种情况对他来说是危及生命的，故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这所房子的结构和他的房子一样，所以他很快就到了二楼。A. identical相同的；B. attached附属的；C. opposite相反的；D. accessible可到达的。根据上文“Luckily”以及下文“so he soon made it to the second floor”可知，上文提到了幸运，下文说的是苏雷尔很快就到了二楼，可推理出房子的结构与他的房子的结构是相同的，他比较熟悉，所以能够迅速到达，故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这所房子的结构和他的房子一样，所以他很快就到了二楼，却遇到了强烈的高温。A. slight轻微的；B. intense强烈的；C. bearable可忍受的；D. comfortable舒适的。根据上文“the burning house”可知房子着火了，所以苏雷尔到二楼会遇到强烈的高温，故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的喉咙和肺部灼烧着，就好像他吸入了火焰一样。A. put out扑灭；B. burst into突然爆发；C. taken in吸入；D. set up建立。根据上文“His throat and lungs burned as if”可知，他的喉咙和肺部灼烧，还提到了“好像”，可知此处使用了比喻的手法，好像吸入了火焰，导致他的喉咙和肺部灼烧，故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，一阵微弱但清晰的呻吟声传来。A. emerged出现，传来；B. fell落下；C. faded褪色，减弱；D. continued继续。根据上文“a soft but distinct moan”结合下文救小女孩可知，此处说的是一阵微弱但清晰的呻吟声传来，故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏雷尔看不见东西，在滚烫的地板上双膝跪地，朝着声音的方向爬去，直到他摸到了什么东西。A. back背部；B. face脸；C. feet脚；D. knees膝盖。根据下文“crawled toward the...”可知，下文说的是他是在爬，可推理出他是双膝跪地，故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏雷尔看不见东西，在滚烫的地板上双膝跪地，朝着声音的方向爬去，直到他摸到了什么东西。A. figure人物，数字；B. sound声音；C. light光；D. fire火。根据上文“Then a soft but distinct moan (呻吟)”可知，上文说的是他听到了呻吟声，可推理出他朝着声音的方向爬去，故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把她抱在怀里，站起来，在烟雾中奋力前行，跑了出去。A. mist薄雾；B. dust灰尘；C. smoke烟雾；D. steam蒸汽。根据上文“the burning house”以及“His throat and lungs burned”可知房子着火，他的嗓子灼烧，可推理出着火的房子产生了大量烟雾，所以他是在烟雾中奋力前行，故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，蒂亚拉的喉咙里发出一阵充满烟雾的咳嗽声。A. cough咳嗽；B. scream尖叫；C. sneeze打喷嚏；D. whistle口哨声。根据下文“She opened her eyes and their eyes met”可知，下文说的是她睁开眼睛，两人的目光相对，可推理出蒂亚拉苏醒了。再根据上文“The girl wasn’t breathing”可知上文说的是女孩不呼吸了，可推理出蒂亚拉咳嗽了一下恢复了呼吸，分析选项，A项“cough(咳嗽)”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不久之后，这位勇敢的英雄昏了过去。A. ran away逃跑；B. passed away去世；C. sped up加速；D. passed out昏倒。根据下文“Surrell woke up a couple of days later”可知，苏雷尔过了几天才醒来，可推理出他在救人的时候昏了过去，故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：火灾使苏雷尔的肺部状况恶化，甚至在两年后还影响着他。A. relieved缓解；B. worsened恶化；C. stabilized稳定；D. improved改善。根据下文“affecting him even two years later”可知，下文说的是火灾造成的影响两年后还在影响着他，可推理出经过火灾后，他的肺部状况恶化了，故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个小小的代价，”他说。A. bill账单；B. debt债务；C. price代价；D. deposit存款。根据上文“affecting him even two years later.”和下文“I’d do it again”可知，下文说的是苏雷尔以后还会这样做，可推理出苏雷尔认为这是一个小小的代价，故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我会毫不犹豫地再做一次。”A. hesitation犹豫；B. preparation准备；C. guidance指导；D. discipline纪律。根据下文“Wouldn’t give it a second thought.”可知，他会毫不犹豫地再做一次，故选A项。 $$Unit 1 Period 4 Using Language分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 ( 7 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 航空航天科学 ______________________ 2. 科学精神 ______________________ 3. 转换专业 ______________________ 4. 研究生学习 ______________________ 5. 火箭推进 ______________________ 6. 克服困难 ______________________ 7. 载人卫星 ______________________ 8. 前沿科学 ______________________ 9. 航天之父 ______________________ 10. 物理天才 ______________________ 11. 抽象思维 ______________________ 12. 宇宙起源 ______________________ 13. 稳态理论 ______________________ 14. 大爆炸理论 ______________________ 15. 证明正确 ______________________ 16. 杰出科学家 ______________________ 17. 艺术鉴赏 ______________________ 18. 面对挑战 ______________________ 19. 科学研究 ______________________ 20. 承认错误 ______________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. Qian Xuesen was a ________ (爱国的) scientist who devoted his life to serving his homeland. 2. To safeguard the nation, we must learn to ________ (保卫) our country as Qian Xuesen did. 3. In the 1930s–1940s, Qian Xuesen was a ________ (先驱) in American jet and rocket technology. 4. Qian Xuesen and Hawking both made contributions to ________ (前沿的) science research. 5. Due to his illness, Stephen Hawking’s research focused on ________ (抽象的) thought about the universe. 6. Stephen Hawking was a ________ (杰出的) physicist despite his physical challenges. 7. Facing doubts about China’s missile development, Qian Xuesen gave a ________ (坚定的) reply: “Why not?” 8. Art provided ________ (灵感) for Qian Xuesen’s scientific research. 9. Every great scientist, like Qian Xuesen, has a deep love for their ________ (祖国). 10. In the past, China had few ________ (人才) in rocket science, but Qian Xuesen changed this situation. 三、单句语法填空。 1. Qian Xuesen, __________ devoted his life to China’s aerospace, is called “the father of China’s aerospace”. 2. __________ (overcome) many difficulties, Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955. 3. Under the leadership __________ Qian Xuesen, China made great progress in missile development. 4. Stephen Hawking became famous __________ he was a graduate student at Cambridge University. 5. Once the maths in Hawking’s research __________ (correct), his big bang theory was proven true. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 钱学森被作者描述为一个有着伟大科学思想和科学精神的人。 Qian Xuesen was described by the authors as a man _______________________________________________ 2. 由于意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家，钱学森决定转学航空专业。 Qian made the decision to__________________________ to aviation because he realised China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 3. 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了东风导弹。 ____________________________________, China developed the Dongfeng missiles. 4. 霍金在宇宙起源的研究上挑战了传统理论，尽管他当时还是个研究生。 Hawking _______________________________________________________ when he was still a graduate student. 5. 钱学森克服了美国的一些困难后，于1955年回到了中国。 _______________________________________in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. 6. 霍金对宇宙的思考使他成为20世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 Hawking’s thoughts about the universe __________________________________________of the 20th century. 7. 钱学森不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责导弹项目。 Qian ___________________________not only developing China’s rocket science but also its missile programme. 8. 尽管中国当时火箭科学不发达，钱学森也没有放弃挑战。 ______________________________________________________ at that time, Qian did not give up the challenge. 9. 霍金的大爆炸理论很快被拥有望远镜的天文学家们证实。 Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory ________________________________________________________ 10. 钱学森对艺术的深刻欣赏常常在他的科学研究中给予他灵感。 Qian’s deep appreciation for art often ______________________________________________________________ 五、语法填空 In recent years, Generation Z ____36____ (leave) for the countryside. This is due to a ____37____ (prefer) for experiences over things and a desire for a sustainable (可持续的) lifestyle. Many young people are seeking a ____38____ (slow) pace of life and a closer connect ion with nature by moving to rural areas. For Gen Z, living in the country has several benefits. Firstly, it provides a relaxed pace, a relief from city stress, especially for those with anxiety. Secondly, there is greater access ____39____ nature and outdoor ____40____ (activity) such as hiking, camping and fishing, which promote physical health and a deeper connection with the environment. ____41____ (addition), the lower cost of living and less job market competition are attractive to those ____42____ (begin) their careers. These factors contribute to a lifestyle that matches Gen Z’s values of sustainability and health. Technology plays a key role in making rural living possible for Gen Z. With off-site work getting more popular, young adults can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Plus, social media makes ____43____ easier for people to show their rural lifestyles and connect with others ____44____ have similar interests, promoting a sense of belonging and encouraging them _____45_____ (explore) rural beauty. 六、阅读理解 The art of writing by hand has a great history. From Emily Dickinson’s elegant cursive, to Stephen King’s neat block lettering, many of the most famous and important works of literature have been written by hand, reports Forbes, even when, as in King’s case, electronic word processing was an option. Now, studies have shown that writing by hand can have enormous benefits in terms of memory, brain development, and even the quality of the writing itself. Some might say that handwriting has become a dying art since the appearance of the typewriter in the mid 1880’s, even more so due to computers. In fact, many schools in the United States no longer require teaching cursive as a part of the core curriculums. However, despite the sense that writing on paper is passe, it actually has a number of important benefits. Writing by hands’ cognitive benefits are numerous and there are many studies that can attest to that. A 2014 study from the Association for Psychological Science shows that taking notes on a laptop as opposed to writing them longhand, leads to shallower processing of the material learned. This is because when using a laptop, students will often type out lectures verbatim (逐字), as opposed to processing information and rewording it in their own language. These benefits actually translate to how you recall the information. In this case writing it by hand instead of typing also helps students do better on exams. A study led by Dr. Virginia Berninger, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, suggests that children wrote longer and more complex essays when they were writing by hand, as opposed to using a keyboard. So the next time you sit down to write an email to a loved one, consider the possibility that it might be better for your brain if you wrote a handwritten letter instead. 8. What does the author intended to do in paragraph 1? A. Introduce the new finding of the study. B. Describe the history of the writing art. C. Show the benefits of writing by hand. D. Tell the story of some famous writers. 9. What does the underlined word “passe” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Necessary. B. Out-of-date. C. Essential. D. Fundamental. 10. What can we infer from the findings from the Association for Psychological Science? A. Taking notes on a laptop contributes to deeper processing of the material learned. B. When using a laptop, students will often type out lectures in a whole new light. C. Writing by hand makes people process information in their own language. D. Typing out lectures can help people reword information. 11. How should you express your love to your loved one? A. By typing the e-mail. B. By writing by yourself. C. By writing longer essays. D. By reading a poem. 七、七选五 Creativity is everywhere. We see it in the architecture of our buildings, the design of everyday objects like our phones, the clothes we wear, and the music we listen to. Being creative is enjoyable and productive. ____16____ So what can you practically do to help develop your creativity? Practice is crucial. One person who showed its importance was the artist Pablo Picasso. He is famous for creating daring new painting styles, but it wasn’t by accident. He spent years experimenting with the traditional rules of art. ____17____ Another way you can stimulate your creativity is by learning from others in your field. You can gain new insights and techniques by studying the works of other artists, designers, or professionals. ____18____ Additionally, interacting with fellow creatives can provide valuable feedback and support, helping you to grow and develop your skills. Creative people are also usually working in a field they love. They are generally more motivated by a love of what they do, rather than money. ____19____ Then enjoyment becomes the reward, which in turn motivates you to keep being creative. If you know your field inside out you will have the confidence to take risks and allow your creativity to blossom. ____20____ From techniques that allow your mind to think more originally, to learning from past creative masters, there are practical ways to help you use your imagination to create something original. If you direct your energy thoughtfully, you can learn to be more creative. A. Don’t hesitate to unlock your own creativity. B. This can involve attending workshops or reading books. C. Creativity is the engine that drives progress in every field. D. For some of us it comes naturally but others might need help. E. Creativity isn’t just for the arts, but can be applied in all areas of life. F. Thus, choose a field you enjoy rather than something you feel you ought to do. G. Eventually he produced ground-breaking works like Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. 八、完形填空 Michael Surrell didn’t see black smoke shooting from his neighbors’ home in Allentown, Pennsylvania, until his daughter called. He went to ____21____ and heard a woman cry on the sidewalk. “My granddaughter Tiara is in there—on the second floor!” Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, immediately ____22____ the burning house. The conditions would have been dangerous for anyone, but for Surrell, who has lung disease, they were ____23____. Luckily, the house’s structure was ____24____ to his, so he soon made it to the second floor, only to meet ____25____ heat. His throat and lungs burned as if he’d ____26____ fire. Then a soft but distinct moan (呻吟) ____27____. Unable to see, Surrell fell to his ____28____ on the hot floor and crawled toward the ____29____ before he touched something. The girl wasn’t breathing. He picked her into his arms, stood up, fought through the _____30_____ and ran outside. He then put Tiara down on the sidewalk and started CPR. Soon a smoke-filled _____31_____ came from Tiara’s throat. She opened her eyes and their eyes met. Surrell hugged her tight and said, “I got you.” Soon after, the brave hero _____32_____. Tiara was released from the hospital soon but Surrell woke up a couple of days later. The fire _____33_____ Surrell’s lungs condition, affecting him even two years later. “It’s a small _____34_____ to pay,” he says. “I’d do it again without _____35_____. Wouldn’t give it a second thought.” 21. A. greet B. investigate C. participate D. chat 22. A. exited B. inspected C. occupied D. entered 23. A. heart-melting B. heart-breaking C. life-threatening D. life-changing 24. A. identical B. attached C. opposite D. accessible 25. A. slight B. intense C. bearable D. comfortable 26. A. put out B. burst into C. taken in D. set up 27. A. emerged B. fell C. faded D. continued 28. A. back B. face C. feet D. knees 29. A. figure B. sound C. light D. fire 30. A. mist B. dust C. smoke D. steam 31. A. cough B. scream C. sneeze D. whistle 32. A. ran away B. passed away C. sped up D. passed out 33. A. relieved B. worsened C. stabilized D. improved 34. A. bill B. debt C. price D. deposit 35. A. hesitation B. preparation C. guidance D. discipline $$