精品解析：山东省淄博市沂源县2024-2025学年八年级下学期期末英语试题

八年级英语试题 本试卷共8页。满分90分。考试时间100分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将区县、学校、姓名、考试号、座号填写在答题卡和试卷的相应位置。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案。 4. 答案不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带修改。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 一、完形填空（共10小题，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。 Natural resources (自然资源) are things that we use that come from Earth. Our natural resources are limited. This means that they will not ___1___ forever. Some are renewable (可再生的), like when you plant a new tree when you ___2___ one down. Others are not renewable, like when you dig coal out of the ___3___. Once it is used, it is gone. People realize the ___4___ that Earth’s natural resources are limited, and can do things to help conserve (节约) those resources. ___5___ you try to conserve a natural resource, you try to use less of it, so it does not get used up so ___6___. One way that people conserve fuel (燃料), like gasoline (汽油), is by riding a bicycle or walking when the ___7___ is short instead of driving everywhere. Water is a very important natural resource because we all need it to stay ___8___. We can conserve water ___9___ making sure that our pipes (管道) do not leak (漏). We can also make ___10___ choices to conserve water, like only using the dishwasher or washing machine when they are full. Everyone can make contributions to protecting natural resources. 1. A. last B. spread C. burn D. change 2. A. turn B. cut C. put D. move 3. A. station B. building C. ground D. brick 4. A. news B. plan C. decision D. fact 5. A. When B. Although C. Whatever D. Whether 6. A. slowly B. hard C. regularly D. fast 7. A. money B. space C. place D. distance 8. A. alive B. alone C. asleep D. awake 9. A. about B. for C. by D. with 10. A. generous B. funny C. wise D. surprising 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讨论自然资源的有限性及保护措施，强调可再生与不可再生资源的区别，并提出节约资源的具体方法。 【1题详解】 句意：这意味着它们不会永远维持下去。 last持续，维持；spread传播；burn燃烧；change改变。根据“Our natural resources are limited.”可知，此处强调资源有限，无法永久存在。故选A。 【2题详解】 句意：有些是可再生的，比如当你砍了一棵树，你就种了一棵新树。 turn转动；cut砍伐；put放置；move移动。根据“when you plant a new tree”和“one down”可知，此处指砍树后再种树。故选B。 【3题详解】 句意：还有一些是不可再生的，比如当你从地下挖煤的时候。 station车站；building建筑；ground地面；brick砖块。根据“when you dig coal”可知，煤炭需从地下开采。故选C。 【4题详解】 句意：人们意识到地球的自然资源是有限的事实，且可以做一些事情来帮助保护这些资源。 news新闻；plan计划；decision决定；fact事实。根据“Earth’s natural resources are limited”可知，地球的自然资源是有限的，这是客观事实。故选D。 【5题详解】 句意：当你试图保护一种自然资源时，你就会尽量少用它，这样它就不会很快被消耗掉。 When当……时；Although尽管；Whatever无论什么；Whether是否。根据“you try to conserve a natural resource”可知，此处指想保护一种资源时，会少用这种资源。用When引导的时间状语从句。故选A。 【6题详解】 句意：当你试图保护一种自然资源时，你就会尽量少用它，这样它就不会很快被消耗掉。 slowly缓慢地；hard努力地；regularly规律地；fast快速地。根据“you try to use less of it”可知，用得少就不会快速用光。故选D。 【7题详解】 句意：人们节约燃料如汽油的一种方法是在距离较短的时候骑自行车或步行，而不是开车去任何地方。 money金钱；space空间；place地点；distance距离。根据“by riding a bicycle or walking”可知，此处指距离较短时可以选择骑车或步行。故选D。 【8题详解】 句意：水是一种非常重要的自然资源，因为我们都需要它来生存。 alive活着的；alone独自；asleep睡着的；awake清醒的。根据“Water is a very important natural resource”可知，水很重要，因为我们需要水存活。故选A。 【9题详解】 句意：我们可以通过确保管道不漏水来节约用水。 about关于；for为了；by通过；with用。根据“making sure that our pipes (管道) do not leak”可知，此处指通过确保管道不漏水来节约水。by doing“通过做某事”，表示方式。故选C。 【10题详解】 句意：我们也可以做出明智的选择来节约用水，比如只有在洗碗机或洗衣机装满时才使用。 generous慷慨的；funny滑稽的；wise明智的；surprising惊人的。根据“conserve water”可知，想要节约用水就要做出明智的选择。故选C。 二、阅读理解（共16小题，满分32分） 阅读下列短文A、B，从各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出能完成所给句子或问题的最佳答案。 A New York is a very big city in the USA. It has more than 8 million (百万) people. How do so many people get to work or school? How do people travel? Here’s something about it. Subway Most people in New York take the subway. A single ride (单程票) is $2.75. Traveling by subway is the fastest way to get around the city. Bus The second way to travel around the city is by bus. Taking the bus in New York is convenient (方便的), but it needs a long time. If (如果) you don’t want to walk, then taking the bus is a great way to see New York. You only have to pay $2.90 for a bus ride. Taxi This is the most expensive (昂贵的) way, but the taxi will take you to the place you wish to go to. If the traffic (交通) is bad, the taxi will be slow (缓慢的). 11. What is the fastest way to get around New York? A. Walking. B. Taking the bus. C. Taking the subway. D. Taking the taxi. 12. If you and your parents want to travel by bus in New York, how much do you need? A. $8.70. B. $8.25. C. $2.90. D. $2.75. 13. What’s the passage mainly about? A. The transportation in New York. B. The people in New York. C. The rules of New York. D. The life in New York. 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了纽约人是如何出行的。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Traveling by subway is the fastest way to get around the city.”可知乘坐地铁是最快参观纽约的交通方式，故选C。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据“You only have to pay $2.90 for a bus ride.”可知单人乘坐巴士的票价是2.9美元，因此三个人的票价是8.7美元。故选A。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知本篇文章主要介绍的是纽约人不同的交通方式。故选A。 B Mary-Jo Saunders goes to kindergarten (幼儿园) every day, just like many other five-year-olds in New York. Today, she is learning a poem (诗). What is special is that it is a Chinese poem and that she is able to recite (背诵) it perfectly. Soon she is going to learn Chinese handwriting, too. “Learning the world’s most spoken language might give Mary-Jo a head start in the future,” says her mother Alison. “I think it can help her to succeed in life.” More and more parents in the world are getting their children to take Chinese classes. Learning Chinese is becoming very popular. In fact, more than 75 countries now teach Chinese in schools. Over 4,000 colleges around the world offer Chinese classes, and about 25 million people are learning Chinese outside China. It is easy to understand why Chinese is becoming so popular. Learning Chinese may help people get more job opportunities (机会). China is a big and important country, and it’s getting even more important with time. For example, it has started the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议) to encourage many countries along the Silk Road to be friends and work together. It has created thousands of jobs, and many of them need people with a knowledge of Chinese. Another reason is that studying Chinese helps people to learn about the amazing history and culture of China. “Kids find China very fascinating,” Adam Turner, a school head teacher in the UK, said. “They want to learn about its traditions, dynasties and beautiful art. Learning Chinese helps them learn about the outside world and see the world in a new way.” 14. What do we know about Mary-Jo from Paragraph 1? A. She loves writing poems. B. She can write Chinese characters. C. She learns Chinese in kindergarten. D. She can recite many Chinese poems. 15. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Hard-working Chinese-learning children. B. Importance of Chinese classes for kids. C. Popularity of Chinese learning. D. Famous Chinese colleges. 16. What has China’s Belt and Road Initiative brought to people? A. A new country. B. Growing population. C. More job opportunities. D. A knowledge of traveling. 17. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is one reason for learning Chinese? A. To learn more poems. B. To see a different world. C. To travel more easily along the Silk Road. D. To make more friends from different countries. 【答案】14. C 15. C 16. C 17. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了越来越多的家长和孩子对学习汉语产生浓厚兴趣的现象。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Mary-Jo Saunders goes to kindergarten”和“Today, she is learning a poem. What is special is that it is a Chinese poem...”可知，Mary-Jo在幼儿园学习中文。故选C。 【15题详解】 段落大意题。根据“Learning Chinese is becoming very popular.”以及下文列举的具体数字可知，本段主要介绍了全球范围内中文学习的流行趋势。故选C。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据“It has created thousands of jobs”可知，“一带一路”给人们带来了更多的就业机会。故选C。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Learning Chinese helps them learn about the outside world and see the world in a new way.”可知，学习汉语可以让人们以新的视角看待世界，即“看到一个不一样的世界”。故选B。 C 阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Many Chinese expressions include words about directions such as “dong (east)”, “xi (west)”, “zuo (left)” and “you (right)”. For example, we say “mai dongxi” when we talk about shopping. Apart from the literal (字面上的) meaning, what else is lying behind these words? Up or down We use “shang cesuo” to mean “going to the bathroom” and “xia chufang” to mean “going to the kitchen”. What’s the origin (渊源)? ___18___ The gate (大门) of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeast of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part. On maps, north is usually at the top, while south is at the bottom. ___19___ So people would say they were going “up” to the bathroom and “down” to the kitchen. Left or right In Chinese, we say “yijian xiangzuo” when having different opinions. Why is it not “yijian xiangyou”? Most people today are right-handed. They feel uncomfortable when they see someone using the left hand to write or use chopsticks (筷子). This was true in old times as well. ___20___ East and west When going shopping, Chinese people say “mai dongxi”, instead of “mai nanbei”. Why? A commonly accepted idea is that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang’an. ___21___ When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first, and then went to the West Market. As time went by, people started to describe shopping as “mai dongxi”. A. What is the meaning of “pangmen zuodao”? B. In ancient times, Chinese houses were laid out in a certain way. C. One was called the East Market and the other the West Market. D. In Chinese, we talk about “the north” as “shang” and “the south” as “xia”. E. So, “left” was used to mean “being different”, such as in “yijian xiangzuo”. 【答案】18. B 19. D 20. E 21. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了许多汉字都有方向，背后隐藏着许多历史和文化。 【18题详解】 根据后一句“The gate (大门) of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeast of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part.”可知，房子的大门朝南，浴室在房子的东北面，厨房在房子的东南面。B选项“在古代，中国的房子是按照一定的方式布置的。”符合语境。故选B。 【19题详解】 根据后一句“So people would say they were going ‘up’ to the bathroom and ‘down’ to the kitchen.”可知，人们会说他们“上”洗手间，“下”厨房，此处介绍原因。D选项“在汉语中，我们把‘北方’称为‘上’，把‘南方’称为‘下’。”故选D。 【20题详解】 根据前文“Most people today are right-handed. They feel uncomfortable when they see someone using the left hand to write or use chopsticks . This was true in old times as well.”可知，今天大多数人都是右撇子。当他们看到有人用左手写字或用筷子时，他们会感到不舒服。在古代也是如此。E选项“所以，‘左’被用来表示‘与众不同’，比如‘意见相左’。”故选E。 【21题详解】 根据前文“A commonly accepted idea is that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang’an.”可知，此处与市场有关。C选项“一个叫东市场，另一个叫西市场。”符合语境。故选C。 D 阅读材料，将题中五条有关如何变得有礼貌的建议与A~E五个标题进行匹配。 ___22___ When you ask for something, remember to add “please”. And when you receive something, say “thank you”. Using these words is the first step in being a polite person. ___23___ Don’t cut in on others when they’re having a conversation with someone else. Instead, let them finish speaking and wait patiently till it’s your turn to join the conversation, even when you disagree with them. ___24___ You may ask someone how their family is doing, how their new job is going or if anything is new in their life. However, never ask too many personal questions. You should always make sure what you ask doesn’t go too far. ___25___ I’m sure you don’t like it when others laugh out loud when you’ve made a mistake, so don’t do the same to others and stop being mean. It is always good to treat others with kindness. ___26___ The reason is quite simple: you don’t know everyone’s story. Even when you “know their story”, you don’t know all of it. The part you do know is probably not even one percent of the whole story. A. Be a patient listener B. Don’t judge (评判) others C. Make small talk wisely and properly D. Always use “please” and “thank you” E. Don’t laugh at others if they make a mistake 【答案】22. D 23. A 24. C 25. E 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了五条变得有礼貌的建议。 【22题详解】 根据“When you ask for something, remember to add ‘please’. And when you receive something, say ‘thank you’. Using these words is the first step in being a polite person.”可知，此处与说“请”和“谢谢”有关。选项D“总是使用‘请’和‘谢谢’”与之匹配。故选D。 【23题详解】 根据“Don’t cut in on others when they’re having a conversation with someone else. Instead, let them finish speaking and wait patiently till it’s your turn to join the conversation, even when you disagree with them.”可知，此处与不要打断他人，耐心听他人说有关。选项A“做一个耐心的倾听者”与之匹配。故选A。 【24题详解】 根据“You may ask someone how their family is doing, how their new job is going or if anything is new in their life. However, never ask too many personal questions. You should always make sure what you ask doesn’t go too far.”可知，此处与谈论恰当的话题有关。选项C“明智而得体地闲聊”与之匹配。故选C。 【25题详解】 根据“I’m sure you don’t like it when others laugh out loud when you’ve made a mistake, so don’t do the same to others and stop being mean. It is always good to treat others with kindness.”可知，此处与别人犯错时不要嘲笑有关。选项E“如果别人犯了错误，不要嘲笑他们”与之匹配。故选E。 【26题详解】 根据“The reason is quite simple: you don’t know everyone’s story. Even when you ‘know their story’, you don’t know all of it. The part you do know is probably not even one percent of the whole story.”可知，此处与不了解他人的故事不要评论有关。选项B“不要评判别人”与之匹配。故选B。 三、选词填空（共10小题，满分10分） 根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。 politely lay rushed among relatives between difficulty why show correct whether directions It was a weekend in May. My father suggested returning to Zibo, Shandong. We lived in Zibo until I was ten. In spring 2023, Zibo became famous for barbecues. Many people went to visit it with their family, ____27____ or friends. We certainly couldn’t miss it. On the way, my father told a story. Three years ago, thousands of college students were quarantined (隔离) in Zibo because of COVID-19. The Zibo government treated them with warmth and helped them get through the ____28____. The government offered a great barbecue dinner to ____29____ love when they left. The government also ____30____ invited them to come to Zibo again. The next spring, these college students grouped together to come back with their thankful hearts. At 5 pm, we ____31____ into the restaurant. My father had booked a table two days earlier, or there wouldn’t have been seats for us. He did a quite ____32____ thing. Zibo’s barbecue is special. Workers in Zibo’s barbecue restaurants ____33____ a grill (烤架) on each table. Eaters cook on it by themselves. When the food is ready, they put it onto a pancake and then add some scallions (葱). Many people from Zibo offered to help tourists, including giving them ____34____ to some places warmly. Some eaters from Zibo even put off their orders to make tourists from other places enjoy the food first. At that time, I considered ____35____ Zibo became so fascinating to tourists. Was it because the touching promise _______36_______ the government and the students, or the special tasty food, or the warm-hearted people? 【答案】27. relatives 28. difficulty 29. show 30. politely 31. rushed 32. correct 33. lay 34. directions 35. why 36. between 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了淄博烧烤如此受欢迎的原因。 【27题详解】 句意：许多人和他们的家人、亲戚或朋友一起去参观它。根据“Many people went to visit it with their family,…or friends.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该表达和家人、亲戚或朋友一起去参观它。relatives“亲戚”，可数名词复数，作宾语。故填relatives。 【28题详解】 句意：淄博市政府热情对待他们，帮助他们度过了难关。根据前文“Three years ago, thousands of college students were quarantined (隔离) in Zibo because of COVID-19.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入difficulty，可数名词单数，意为“困难”，指的是淄博市政府帮助成千上万的大学生度过新冠肺炎的困难。故填difficulty。 【29题详解】 句意：当他们离开时，政府提供了一顿丰盛的烧烤晚餐来表达爱意。根据“The government offered a great barbecue dinner to…love”，结合备选词可知，此处指的是政府提供了一顿丰盛的烧烤晚餐来表达爱意。show“表达，展示”，动词原形，与to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填show。 【30题详解】 句意：政府也很客气地邀请他们再来淄博。根据分析句子“The government also…invited them to come to Zibo again.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入politely，副词，修饰动词invited，意为“礼貌地”符合语境。故填politely。 【31题详解】 句意：下午5点，我们冲进餐厅。根据“we…into the restaurant.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入rushed，rush into，动词短语，意为“冲进”，指的是冲进餐厅。故填rushed。 【32题详解】 句意：他做了一件非常正确的事。根据分析句子“He did a quite…thing.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入correct，形容词，作定语，修饰名词thing，意为“正确的”符合语境。故填correct。 【33题详解】 句意：淄博烧烤店的工人在每张桌子上放一个烤架。根据分析句子“Workers in Zibo’s barbecue restaurants…a grill (烤架) on each table.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入lay作谓语，意为“放置”，表达在每张桌子上放一个烤架。故填lay。 【34题详解】 句意：许多来自淄博的人主动帮助游客，包括热情地给他们指路到一些地方。根据“including giving them…to some places warmly.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入directions，可数名词复数，意为“方向”，指的是热情地给游客指路到一些地方。故填directions。 【35题详解】 句意：当时，我考虑了为什么淄博变得对游客如此着迷。根据分析句子“I considered…Zibo became so fascinating to tourists.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入why，引导宾语从句，表达为什么淄博变得让游客如此着迷。故填why。 【36题详解】 句意：是因为政府和学生之间感人的承诺，还是因为特别美味的食物，还是因为热心的人们？根据“Was it because the touching promise…the government and the students”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入between，between…and…，固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”，指的是政府和学生之间感人的承诺。故填between。 四、语法填空（共10小题，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Li Wen is a normal 15-year-old boy who works hard in school and gets good grades. It is hard ____37____ (believe) that he used to be a “problem child”. As a small child, he seldom gave his parents ____38____ (some) problems, and they were proud of him. ____39____, after his parents moved to Guangzhou to work, the boy’s life became more difficult. He had to live with his grandmother. He began to cause problems for himself and his family. He was no longer interested in studying. He was often absent ____40____ classes, and he failed his examinations. Finally, his parents made a decision ____41____ (send) him to a boarding school. He studied, ____42____ (eat) and slept at the school, and he hated it. There were so many rules, and he used to keep ____43____ (break) them. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Li Wen was wasting his time. The teacher advised his parents to talk with their son ____44____ person. His parents took a 40-hour train ride and a five-hour bus ride to go back to their hometown. To Li Wen’s surprise, their conversation changed his life. Then he decided to change. He realized that since his parents moved away, he had been afraid of ____45____ (be) alone, and he had tried to make his parents pay more attention to him. Now Li Wen has really changed. He has been working hard and is now one of ____46____ (good) students in his class. 【答案】37. to believe 38. any 39. However 40. from 41. to send 42. ate 43. breaking 44. in 45. being 46. the best 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了李闻通过和父母的谈话由一个“问题儿童”变成了一个品学兼优的好学生的故事。 【37题详解】 句意：很难相信他曾经是一个“问题儿童”。根据分析句子“It is hard…that he used to be a ‘problem child’.”，结合所给词可知，此处考查固定句型：It is+adj+to so sth，意为“做某事是……的”，所以此处应该填入不定式to believe，作主语，表达很难相信他曾经是一个“问题儿童”。故填to believe。 【38题详解】 句意：作为一个小孩子，他很少给父母添任何麻烦，他们为他感到骄傲。根据“he seldom gave his parents…problems”结合所给词可知，some“一些”，此处应该填入any，意为“任何”，指的是他很少给父母添任何麻烦。故填any。 【39题详解】 句意：然而，在他的父母搬到广州工作后，男孩的生活变得更加困难。根据前文“As a small child, he seldom gave his parents any problems, and they were proud of him.”和“…, after his parents moved to Guangzhou to work, the boy’s life became more difficult.”可知，前后构成转折关系，此处应该填入however，意为“然而”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填However。 【40题详解】 句意：他经常缺课，考试也不及格。根据空格前“was often absent”可知，此处考查：be absent from，动词短语，意为“缺席”，指的是缺课。故填from。 【41题详解】 句意：最后，他的父母决定送他去寄宿学校。根据空格前“made a decision”，结合备选词可知，此处考查：make a decision to do sth，固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，所以此处应该填入不定式to send，作宾语，表达他的父母决定送他去寄宿学校。故填to send。 【42题详解】 句意：他在学校学习，吃饭，睡觉，他讨厌学校。根据分析句子“He studied, …and slept at the school, and he hated it.”，结合备选词可知，eat“吃”，动词原形，此处应该填入其过去式ate，作并列谓语。故填ate。 【43题详解】 句意：规则太多了，他总是违反规则。根据空格前“keep”，结合所给词可知，此处考查：keep doing sth，固定搭配，意为“一直做某事”，所以此处应该填入动名词breaking，意为“打破，违反”，指的是他总是违反规则。故填breaking。 【44题详解】 句意：老师建议他的父母亲自和他们的儿子谈谈。根据分析句子，结合空格后“person”可知，此处考查：in person，介词短语，意为“亲自”，修饰动词短语talk with，表达老师建议他的父母亲自和他们的儿子谈谈。故填in。 【45题详解】 句意：他意识到自从他的父母搬走后，他一直害怕孤独，他曾试图让他的父母更加关注他。根据空格前“he had been afraid of”，结合所给词可知，此处考查：be afraid of doing sth，意为“害怕做某事”，所以此处应该填入动名词being，作宾语，指的是他一直害怕孤独。故填being。 【46题详解】 句意：他一直努力学习，现在他是班上最好的学生之一。根据“one of…students in his class”，结合所给词可知，此处考查：one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，意为“最……的其中之一”，所以此处应该填入good的最高级best，且形容词最高级之前要加the，指的是现在他是班上最好的学生之一。故填the best。 五、阅读表达（共5小题，满分10分） 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 As you are in Grade 8 and Grade 9, you learn the subject—chemistry. Chemistry is the science that studies what things are made of and how they change. The change is also called “chemical reaction (化学反应)”. One important tool to describe chemical reactions is chemical equations (方程式). Here are two everyday examples of chemical reactions: How does rust (铁锈) come into being? (4Fe + 3O2 + XH2O → 2Fe2O3 + XH2O) How do green plants change carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into oxygen (氧气)? (6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2) Green plants use a chemical reaction to change carbon dioxide and water into food (for themselves) and oxygen. This chemical reaction is called photosynthesis (光合作用). Some of you may find it hard or boring to learn chemistry. However chemistry is everywhere in the world around you! It’s in the food you eat, clothes you wear, water you drink… Chemistry sometimes is called the “central science” because it connects other science subjects to each other, such as biology, physics, geology and environmental science. Chemistry helps you to understand the world around you. Why do leaves change color in the fall? Why are plants green and how do they produce food for themselves? These questions can be answered with chemistry knowledge. Chemistry teaches useful skills. Because it is a science subject, learning chemistry means learning how to be objective (客观的) and how to solve problems in other science subjects. Though you can’t master chemistry overnight, you can make it easier by studying it in the right way. Here are some tips. Tip 1: Try to connect lab (实验室) studies with things in your textbooks. Some experiments (实验) are made to help you understand your lessons. Pay close attention to what things are like before and after experiments, as you may see them on an exam paper. Tip 2: Learn to read the periodic table (元素周期表). Learning the elements (元素) is important to success in chemistry. So you must learn how to read and understand what is on the periodic table. Tip 3: Review often. Chemistry builds upon itself, so it’s important to review what you have learned often. 47. What does chemistry study? ______________________________________________________________ 48. Why is chemistry called the “central science” sometimes? ______________________________________________________________ 49. Please write down the chemical equation (方程式) of photosynthesis (光合作用). ______________________________________________________________ 50. What does the underlined word “skills” in the passage refer to (指的是)? ______________________________________________________________ 51. What do you think of chemistry? How can you study this subject? ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】47. Chemistry studies what things are made of and how they change. 48. Because it connects other science subjects to each other. 49. 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2. 50. How to be objective and how to solve problems in other science subjects. 51. I think it’s interesting. I can explore every experiment in it carefully. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了化学是什么、一些化学反应以及学习化学的方法等。 【47题详解】 根据“Chemistry is the science that studies what things are made of and how they change.”可知，化学是研究事物是由什么组成以及它们如何变化的。故填Chemistry studies what things are made of and how they change. 【48题详解】 根据“Chemistry sometimes is called the ‘central science’ because it connects other science subjects to each other, such as biology, physics, geology and environmental science.”可知，化学有时被称为“中心科学”，因为它将其他科学学科相互联系起来。故填Because it connects other science subjects to each other. 【49题详解】 根据“(6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2)”和“Green plants use a chemical reaction to change carbon dioxide and water into food (for itself) and oxygen. This chemical reaction is called photosynthesis (光合作用).”可知，光合作用方程式为6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2。故填6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2. 【50题详解】 根据“Because it is a science subject, learning chemistry means learning how to be objective (客观的) and how to solve problems in other science subjects.”可知，化学教授有用的技能，即学习如何保持客观以及如何解决其他科学学科中的问题。此处“skills”指后文的“how to be objective (客观的) and how to solve problems in other science subjects.”故填How to be objective and how to solve problems in other science subjects. 【51题详解】 开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。参考答案为I think it’s interesting. I can explore every experiment in it carefully. 六、书面表达（共1小题，满分18分） 52. 传统文化是国家和民族的灵魂，是社会进步的动力和源泉。作为新时代的少年，我们肩负弘扬传统文化，传承中华美德的重任。 学校组织“中华传统文化节”庆祝活动，现向同学们征求意见。假如你是李华，请给学校专栏负责人王老师写一封信，围绕如何传承传统文化，谈谈你的看法。 （1）阅读传统文化书籍，观看传统文化视频； （2）参加传统文化俱乐部，如剪纸，京剧等； （3）向家人、朋友宣传传统节日习俗； （4）绘制传统文化海报，并在校园张贴。 提示：paper cutting剪纸；custom习俗 要求： （1）词数：80~100个； （2）开头不计入总词数。 （3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。 Dear Mr. Wang, I am Li Hua from Class 6, Grade 9. I am very interested in the Chinese Traditional Culture Festival.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Mr. Wang, I am Li Hua from Class 6, Grade 9. I am very interested in the Chinese Traditional Culture Festival. Here are some of my suggestions about how to spread traditional Chinese culture. First of all, I think we can read some books and watch videos about Chinese traditional culture so that we can learn a lot from them. Second, there should be some traditional culture clubs for us to join, such as paper-cutting clubs and opera clubs. Next time when we need to introduce traditional culture to people from different countries or people who are not familiar with our customs, we know what to do. In addition, it’s a good idea to draw some posters and put them up in our school yard. To put it simply, it’s necessary to understand and spread the true spirit of our Chinese traditional culture. I hope these ideas will be helpful. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一封书信，属于书信作文写作； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：信件开头以及要点已经给出，按照提示的要点逐点阐述，可以适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接信件开头，表明写信目的； 第二步，根据提示的要点谈谈如何传承传统文化； 第三步，强调文化传承的必要性并书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①such as比如 ②be familiar with熟悉…… ③in addition另外 ④to put it simply简而言之 [高分句型] ①Here are some of my suggestions about how to spread traditional Chinese culture.（倒装句，疑问词+动词不定式作宾语） ②First of all, I think we can read some books and watch videos about Chinese traditional culture so that we can learn a lot from them.（省略引导词that引导宾语从句，so that引导的结果状语从句） ③Next time when we need to introduce traditional culture to people from different countries or people who are not familiar with our customs, we know what to do.（when引导时间状语从句，who引导的限制性定语从句） ④In addition, it’s a good idea to draw some posters and put them up in our school yard.（it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 八年级英语试题 本试卷共8页。满分90分。考试时间100分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将区县、学校、姓名、考试号、座号填写在答题卡和试卷的相应位置。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案。 4. 答案不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带修改。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 一、完形填空（共10小题，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。 Natural resources (自然资源) are things that we use that come from Earth. Our natural resources are limited. This means that they will not ___1___ forever. Some are renewable (可再生的), like when you plant a new tree when you ___2___ one down. Others are not renewable, like when you dig coal out of the ___3___. Once it is used, it is gone. People realize the ___4___ that Earth’s natural resources are limited, and can do things to help conserve (节约) those resources. ___5___ you try to conserve a natural resource, you try to use less of it, so it does not get used up so ___6___. One way that people conserve fuel (燃料), like gasoline (汽油), is by riding a bicycle or walking when the ___7___ is short instead of driving everywhere. Water is a very important natural resource because we all need it to stay ___8___. We can conserve water ___9___ making sure that our pipes (管道) do not leak (漏). We can also make ___10___ choices to conserve water, like only using the dishwasher or washing machine when they are full. Everyone can make contributions to protecting natural resources. 1. A. last B. spread C. burn D. change 2. A. turn B. cut C. put D. move 3. A. station B. building C. ground D. brick 4. A. news B. plan C. decision D. fact 5. A. When B. Although C. Whatever D. Whether 6. A. slowly B. hard C. regularly D. fast 7. A. money B. space C. place D. distance 8 A. alive B. alone C. asleep D. awake 9. A. about B. for C. by D. with 10. A. generous B. funny C. wise D. surprising 二、阅读理解（共16小题，满分32分） 阅读下列短文A、B，从各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出能完成所给句子或问题的最佳答案。 A New York is a very big city in the USA. It has more than 8 million (百万) people. How do so many people get to work or school? How do people travel? Here’s something about it. Subway Most people in New York take the subway. A single ride (单程票) is $2.75. Traveling by subway is the fastest way to get around the city. Bus The second way to travel around the city is by bus. Taking the bus in New York is convenient (方便的), but it needs a long time. If (如果) you don’t want to walk, then taking the bus is a great way to see New York. You only have to pay $2.90 for a bus ride. Taxi This is the most expensive (昂贵的) way, but the taxi will take you to the place you wish to go to. If the traffic (交通) is bad, the taxi will be slow (缓慢的). 11. What is the fastest way to get around New York? A. Walking. B. Taking the bus. C. Taking the subway. D. Taking the taxi. 12. If you and your parents want to travel by bus in New York, how much do you need? A. $8.70. B. $8.25. C. $2.90. D. $2.75. 13. What’s the passage mainly about? A. The transportation in New York. B. The people in New York. C. The rules of New York. D. The life in New York. B Mary-Jo Saunders goes to kindergarten (幼儿园) every day, just like many other five-year-olds in New York. Today, she is learning a poem (诗). What is special is that it is a Chinese poem and that she is able to recite (背诵) it perfectly. Soon she is going to learn Chinese handwriting, too. “Learning the world’s most spoken language might give Mary-Jo a head start in the future,” says her mother Alison. “I think it can help her to succeed in life.” More and more parents in the world are getting their children to take Chinese classes. Learning Chinese is becoming very popular. In fact, more than 75 countries now teach Chinese in schools. Over 4,000 colleges around the world offer Chinese classes, and about 25 million people are learning Chinese outside China. It is easy to understand why Chinese is becoming so popular. Learning Chinese may help people get more job opportunities (机会). China is a big and important country, and it’s getting even more important with time. For example, it has started the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议) to encourage many countries along the Silk Road to be friends and work together. It has created thousands of jobs, and many of them need people with a knowledge of Chinese. Another reason is that studying Chinese helps people to learn about the amazing history and culture of China. “Kids find China very fascinating,” Adam Turner, a school head teacher in the UK, said. “They want to learn about its traditions, dynasties and beautiful art. Learning Chinese helps them learn about the outside world and see the world in a new way.” 14. What do we know about Mary-Jo from Paragraph 1? A. She loves writing poems. B. She can write Chinese characters. C. She learns Chinese in kindergarten. D. She can recite many Chinese poems. 15. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Hard-working Chinese-learning children. B. Importance of Chinese classes for kids. C. Popularity of Chinese learning. D. Famous Chinese colleges. 16. What has China’s Belt and Road Initiative brought to people? A. A new country. B. Growing population. C. More job opportunities. D. A knowledge of traveling. 17. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is one reason for learning Chinese? A. To learn more poems. B. To see a different world. C. To travel more easily along the Silk Road. D. To make more friends from different countries. C 阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Many Chinese expressions include words about directions such as “dong (east)”, “xi (west)”, “zuo (left)” and “you (right)”. For example, we say “mai dongxi” when we talk about shopping. Apart from the literal (字面上的) meaning, what else is lying behind these words? Up or down We use “shang cesuo” to mean “going to the bathroom” and “xia chufang” to mean “going to the kitchen”. What’s the origin (渊源)? ___18___ The gate (大门) of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeast of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part. On maps, north is usually at the top, while south is at the bottom. ___19___ So people would say they were going “up” to the bathroom and “down” to the kitchen. Left or right In Chinese, we say “yijian xiangzuo” when having different opinions. Why is it not “yijian xiangyou”? Most people today are right-handed. They feel uncomfortable when they see someone using the left hand to write or use chopsticks (筷子). This was true in old times as well. ___20___ East and west When going shopping, Chinese people say “mai dongxi”, instead of “mai nanbei”. Why? A commonly accepted idea is that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang’an. ___21___ When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first, and then went to the West Market. As time went by, people started to describe shopping as “mai dongxi”. A. What is the meaning of “pangmen zuodao”? B. In ancient times, Chinese houses were laid out in a certain way. C. One was called the East Market, and the other the West Market. D. In Chinese, we talk about “the north” as “shang” and “the south” as “xia”. E. So, “left” was used to mean “being different”, such as in “yijian xiangzuo”. D 阅读材料，将题中五条有关如何变得有礼貌的建议与A~E五个标题进行匹配。 ___22___ When you ask for something, remember to add “please”. And when you receive something, say “thank you”. Using these words is the first step in being a polite person. ___23___ Don’t cut in on others when they’re having a conversation with someone else. Instead, let them finish speaking and wait patiently till it’s your turn to join the conversation, even when you disagree with them. ___24___ You may ask someone how their family is doing, how their new job is going or if anything is new in their life. However, never ask too many personal questions. You should always make sure what you ask doesn’t go too far. ___25___ I’m sure you don’t like it when others laugh out loud when you’ve made a mistake, so don’t do the same to others and stop being mean. It is always good to treat others with kindness. ___26___ The reason is quite simple: you don’t know everyone’s story. Even when you “know their story”, you don’t know all of it. The part you do know is probably not even one percent of the whole story. A. Be a patient listener B. Don’t judge (评判) others C. Make small talk wisely and properly D. Always use “please” and “thank you” E. Don’t laugh at others if they make a mistake 三、选词填空（共10小题，满分10分） 根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。 politely lay rushed among relatives between difficulty why show correct whether directions It was a weekend in May. My father suggested returning to Zibo, Shandong. We lived in Zibo until I was ten. In spring 2023, Zibo became famous for barbecues. Many people went to visit it with their family, ____27____ or friends. We certainly couldn’t miss it. On the way, my father told a story. Three years ago, thousands of college students were quarantined (隔离) in Zibo because of COVID-19. The Zibo government treated them with warmth and helped them get through the ____28____. The government offered a great barbecue dinner to ____29____ love when they left. The government also ____30____ invited them to come to Zibo again. The next spring, these college students grouped together to come back with their thankful hearts. At 5 pm, we ____31____ into the restaurant. My father had booked a table two days earlier, or there wouldn’t have been seats for us. He did a quite ____32____ thing. Zibo’s barbecue is special. Workers in Zibo’s barbecue restaurants ____33____ a grill (烤架) on each table. Eaters cook on it by themselves. When the food is ready, they put it onto a pancake and then add some scallions (葱). Many people from Zibo offered to help tourists, including giving them ____34____ to some places warmly. Some eaters from Zibo even put off their orders to make tourists from other places enjoy the food first. At that time I considered ____35____ Zibo became so fascinating to tourists. Was it because the touching promise _______36_______ the government and the students, or the special tasty food, or the warm-hearted people? 四、语法填空（共10小题，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Li Wen is a normal 15-year-old boy who works hard in school and gets good grades It is hard ____37____ (believe) that he used to be a “problem child”. As a small child, he seldom gave his parents ____38____ (some) problems, and they were proud of him. ____39____, after his parents moved to Guangzhou to work, the boy’s life became more difficult. He had to live with his grandmother. He began to cause problems for himself and his family. He was no longer interested in studying. He was often absent ____40____ classes, and he failed his examinations. Finally, his parents made a decision ____41____ (send) him to a boarding school. He studied, ____42____ (eat) and slept at the school, and he hated it. There were so many rules, and he used to keep ____43____ (break) them. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Li Wen was wasting his time. The teacher advised his parents to talk with their son ____44____ person. His parents took a 40-hour train ride and a five-hour bus ride to go back to their hometown. To Li Wen’s surprise, their conversation changed his life. Then he decided to change. He realized that since his parents moved away, he had been afraid of ____45____ (be) alone, and he had tried to make his parents pay more attention to him. Now Li Wen has really changed. He has been working hard and is now one of ____46____ (good) students in his class. 五、阅读表达（共5小题，满分10分） 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题 As you are in Grade 8 and Grade 9, you learn the subject—chemistry. Chemistry is the science that studies what things are made of and how they change. The change is also called “chemical reaction (化学反应)”. One important tool to describe chemical reactions is chemical equations (方程式). Here are two everyday examples of chemical reactions: How does rust (铁锈) come into being? (4Fe + 3O2 + XH2O → 2Fe2O3 + XH2O) How do green plants change carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into oxygen (氧气)? (6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2) Green plants use a chemical reaction to change carbon dioxide and water into food (for themselves) and oxygen. This chemical reaction is called photosynthesis (光合作用). Some of you may find it hard or boring to learn chemistry. However, chemistry is everywhere in the world around you! It’s in the food you eat, clothes you wear, water you drink… Chemistry sometimes is called the “central science” because it connects other science subjects to each other, such as biology, physics, geology and environmental science. Chemistry helps you to understand the world around you. Why do leaves change color in the fall? Why are plants green and how do they produce food for themselves? These questions can be answered with chemistry knowledge. Chemistry teaches useful skills. Because it is a science subject, learning chemistry means learning how to be objective (客观的) and how to solve problems in other science subjects. Though you can’t master chemistry overnight, you can make it easier by studying it in the right way. Here are some tips. Tip 1: Try to connect lab (实验室) studies with things in your textbooks. Some experiments (实验) are made to help you understand your lessons. Pay close attention to what things are like before and after experiments, as you may see them on an exam paper. Tip 2: Learn to read the periodic table (元素周期表). Learning the elements (元素) is important to success in chemistry. So you must learn how to read and understand what is on the periodic table. Tip 3: Review often. Chemistry builds upon itself, so it’s important to review what you have learned often. 47. What does chemistry study? ______________________________________________________________ 48. Why is chemistry called the “central science” sometimes? ______________________________________________________________ 49. Please write down the chemical equation (方程式) of photosynthesis (光合作用). ______________________________________________________________ 50. What does the underlined word “skills” in the passage refer to (指的是)? ______________________________________________________________ 51. What do you think of chemistry? How can you study this subject? ______________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达（共1小题，满分18分） 52. 传统文化是国家和民族的灵魂，是社会进步的动力和源泉。作为新时代的少年，我们肩负弘扬传统文化，传承中华美德的重任。 学校组织“中华传统文化节”庆祝活动，现向同学们征求意见。假如你是李华，请给学校专栏负责人王老师写一封信，围绕如何传承传统文化，谈谈你看法。 （1）阅读传统文化书籍，观看传统文化视频； （2）参加传统文化俱乐部，如剪纸，京剧等； （3）向家人、朋友宣传传统节日习俗； （4）绘制传统文化海报，并在校园张贴。 提示：paper cutting剪纸；custom习俗 要求： （1）词数：80~100个； （2）开头不计入总词数。 （3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。 Dear Mr. Wang, I am Li Hua from Class 6, Grade 9. I am very interested in the Chinese Traditional Culture Festival.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$