Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking Starting out(Word教参)-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P2] Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．integrity n．正直诚实 2．virtue n．美德 3．licence n．执照 4．loan n．(银行等的)贷款 5．wage n．(按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金 6．tax n．税 7．ambulance n．救护车 8．mature adj.成熟的，明白事理的 9．household adj.家庭的 10．minimum adj.最小的，最少的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．elect v．选举；推选；选择→elector n．选民→election n．选举；推选 2．legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的→legally adv.合法地 3．instant adj.立即的；立刻的n.瞬间；片刻→instantly adv.立即，马上 4．obey v．服从；遵守→disobey v．不服从；违抗 5．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 6．approve v．赞成，同意→approval n．赞成，同意→approving adj.赞成的；同意的 7．librarian n．图书馆管理员→library n．图书馆 8．commit v．做出(错事)；犯(罪)；承诺→commitment n．投入，花费；承诺；奉献→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 9．suit n．套装 vt.适合；适宜→suitable adj.合适的 ①动词加后缀­ion构成名词。名词后缀­ion表示一种状态或过程。 elect→election　attract→attraction discuss→discussion　express→expression ②动词加后缀­able构成形容词。形容词后缀­able表示“可……的，能……的”。 suit→suitable　avail→available comfort→comfortable　accept→acceptable Ⅲ.短语互译 1．有发言权 have a say 2．在驾驶汽车 behind the wheel 3．负责；掌管 in charge of 4．迫不及待地做某事 can't wait to do sth. 5．对……负责 take responsibility for 6．意识到；明白 feel aware of 7．no doubt 无疑；很可能 8．make a commitment 作出承诺 9．contribute to 为……做贡献 10．act on one's desire 按照某人的意愿行事 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：as if/though引导方式状语从句 教材原句：I expected to feel instantly different，as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. 翻译：我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。 2．句型：there be＋主语＋非谓语动词 教材原句：When I woke up the next day，there were still rules to obey and lessons to attend. 翻译：第二天我醒来时，仍然有需要遵守的规则和需要参加的课程。 3．句型：way后的定语从句 教材原句：Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me. 翻译：满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。 4．句型：并列的宾语从句 教材原句：I assumed I'd already have a well­paid job and that I'd be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18，but how wrong I was! 翻译：我以为我一到18岁就能有一份薪水不错的工作，能搬进自己租的公寓，我是多么异想天开呀！ [对应学生用书P3] Ⅰ.原文释译 The Age of Majority① In most countries，❶turning 18 marks the start of adulthood②.But what does ❷reaching this milestone③，the age of majority，really mean? Will you be completely in charge of④ your own life and able to express yourself⑤ in new and exciting ways⑥？ What new responsibilities will this freedom bring? Here，three young people tell us ❸what turning 18 means，or meant，to them． ❶、❷均为动词­ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 ❸what引导宾语从句。 Bethany 16，Victoria，Australia I can't wait to be⑦ 18.One reason is that although I've been working ever since⑧ leaving school，I ❹won't be voting in the next general election⑨.Why? Because I still won't be old enough.Surely，if you're old enough to earn a wage⑩ and pay taxes⑪，you should be allowed to have a say⑫ on ❺how the government spends them! I've also been taking driving lessons，and in fact I will be taking my driving test on the very⑬ day I turn 18.My mum worries about ❻me being behind the wheel⑭.As an ambulance⑮ driver，she's seen a lot of car accidents ❼involving teenagers and thinks the legal⑯ age for getting a driving licence should be 21.But I think I'm already mature⑰ enough to understand ❽that driving a car also means taking⑱ responsibility for⑲ my life and the lives of other people． ❹本句使用了将来进行时，构成为“will＋be＋现在分词”，表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作或预计会发生的事情。 ❺how引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。 ❻me being behind the wheel是动词­ing形式的复合结构，在句中作about的宾语。 ❼现在分词短语involving teenagers作后置定语，修饰car accidents。 ❽that引导宾语从句。 Lin Ning 19，Shanghai，China I celebrated⑳ my 18th birthday just before I went to university.I expected to feel instantly㉑ different，❾as if I had closed the door on㉒ my childhood㉓ and stepped into㉔ a whole new adult world．But it wasn't like that.When I woke up the next day，there were still rules to obey㉕ and lessons to attend．In fact，the change has been more subtle㉖ and gradual㉗ than I imagined.Instead of being the selfish㉘ teenager I used to be㉙，I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility㉚.To give an example㉛，I will be signing an organ donation㉜ agreement this time tomorrow.This was a big decision for me.Of course I asked my parents for their approval㉝ first.Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed㉞ me．I was really surprised when a bank contacted me with a credit card offer㉟.Of course，I would like to have more freedom with money and no doubt㊱ I will be getting a credit card at some point，but I currently㊲ don't have a steady㊳ income，so getting a credit card might tempt㊴ me to spend more money than I have! ❾as if引导方式状语从句，从句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。 不定式to obey和to attend作后置定语，分别修饰rules和lessons。 that引导定语从句，修饰the way，that可以省略或换成in which。 Morgan 20，Florida，the US People say that 18 marks a new chapter㊵ in our lives，and that we should become more independent㊶.I used to believe this，but the reality for me has been very different.I assumed㊷ I'd already have a well­paid㊸ job and that I'd be moving into㊹ a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18，but how wrong I was! My librarian㊺'s salary means that I'll be living at home with my parents for a while longer.Because I contribute to㊻ the household㊼ bills and my commute㊽ to work is quite expensive，I find it hard to save any money．I'll be starting a new job next month，however，so maybe things will get easier.I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit㊾ on my very own apartment，but I don't feel ready to make that kind of commitment㊿，and I do like my mom's cooking.I guess some responsibilities are more about attitude than age. 并列的宾语从句，作say的宾语，第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。 第一个宾语从句省略了引导词that，第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。 “find＋it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to save any money。 do like是“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构，该结构用来强调谓语动词，其中的do/does/did要重读。 ◆难词注解 ①majority n．成年的法定年龄 ②adulthood n．成年 ③milestone n．重大事件，里程碑 ④in charge of负责；掌管 ⑤express oneself表达自己 ⑥in ...ways以……方式 ⑦can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事 ⑧ever since自……以来(常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用) ⑨election n．选举 ⑩wage n．(按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金 ⑪tax n．税 ⑫have a say有发言权 have a say on对……有发言权 ⑬very adj.正是的；恰好的(用以加强语气) ⑭behind the wheel在驾驶汽车 ⑮ambulance n．救护车 ⑯legal adj.合法的 ⑰mature adj.成熟的，明白事理的 ⑱mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 ⑲take responsibility for对……负责 ⑳celebrate v．庆祝 ㉑instantly adv.立即，马上 ㉒close the door on sth.使某事不可能发生 open the door to sth.给某事以机会，给某事敞开方便之门 ㉓childhood n．童年，儿童时代 ㉔step into开始做，开始介入 ㉕obey v．服从；遵守 ㉖subtle adj.难以察觉的；微妙的 ㉗gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的 ㉘selfish adj.自私的 ㉙used to do sth.过去常常做某事，曾经做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 ㉚a sense of responsibility责任感 ㉛give an example举例 ㉜organ donation器官捐献 ㉝approval n．赞成，同意 ㉞view v．(以某种方式)看，把……视为 ㉟offer n．提议；提供 ㊱no doubt无疑；很可能 ㊲currently adv.现时；当前 ㊳steady adj.稳定的 ㊴tempt v．诱惑，引诱 tempt sb.to do sth.诱惑某人做某事 ㊵chapter n．(人生或历史的)时期，篇章 ㊶independent adj.自立的；独立的 ㊷assume v．假定，假设；认为 assume (that) ...认为…… ㊸well­paid adj.薪水高的 ㊹move into搬进 ㊺librarian n．图书馆管理员 ㊻contribute to为……做贡献 ㊼household adj.家庭的 ㊽commute n．每天上班的路程 ㊾deposit n．订金 ㊿commitment n．投入，花费 be more sth.than sth.与其说……倒不如说…… more than更多；(程度上)更强；不止 no more than只有 备课札记 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅱ.文本理解 ►主旨大意 The text is mainly about what the age of majority means. ►文章架构 ►细节探究 1．Which of the following about Bethany is right？ (　　) A．She doesn't have the right to vote in the next general election. B．She won't be working until she reaches the age of majority. C．She will get her driving licence on the very day she turns 18. D．She wants to be an ambulance driver. 2．What can we know about Lin Ning？ (　　) A．He celebrated his 18th birthday after he went to university. B．He feels that he is mature enough to take more social responsibility. C.He has already signed an organ donation agreement. D．He is glad to get his first credit card. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph？ (　　) A．Morgan became more independent as soon as he turned 18. B．Morgan has already got a well­paid job and can support his family. C．Morgan has got a job in a library but his salary is not enough for him to be more independent. D．Morgan has got ready to pay the deposit on his own apartment. 4．Why can't Morgan live away from his parents？ (　　) A．Because he likes to live with his parents. B．Because he needs to repay a bank loan. C．Because he isn't ready to make the commitment of moving away. D．Because he can't find a new job. 答案：1～4　ABCC ►课文语法填空 Bethany can't wait 1.to be(be) 18 because at the age of 18 she can vote in the general 2.election(elect) and get 3.a driving licence.After the 18th birthday，instead of being the selfish teenager he used to be，Lin Ning began to feel more aware 4.of other people and to develop a 5.stronger(strong) sense of social responsibility.6.Turning(turn) 18 also changed the way that society 7.viewed(view) him.To Morgan，the 8.reality(real) of turning 18 was different.He assumed he'd already have a well­paid job and 9.that he'd be moving into a rented apartment.However，he can't afford it.In his opinion，some 10.responsibilities(responsibility) are more about attitude than age. Ⅲ.教材熟词生义/一词多义 1．mark ①The sauce has left a mark on the cloth. 污点 ②White marks painted on the trees show the route. 记号 ③In order to get a good mark I worked very hard before the exam. 分数 ④This speech appears to mark a change in government policy. 标志着 ⑤His father marked the tree every time he came. 做标记 2．view ①The castle came into view as we turned the corner. 视野 ②Do you have any views about what we should do now？ 观点 ③We have viewed the video recording of the battle. 观看 ④If we view the problem from a different angle，a solution may become more obvious. 看待 Ⅳ.教材续写积累 1．认识自我——成长 ①I've also been taking driving lessons，and in fact I will be taking my driving test on the very day I turn 18. ②I expected to feel instantly different，as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. [仿写]完成句子 ①去年夏天，我爸爸上了驾驶课，拿到了驾驶执照。 Last summer，my father took driving lessons and got the driving licence. ②哈里走进走廊，关上他身后的门。 Harry stepped into the passage and closed the door behind him. 2．完善自我——责任 Instead of being the selfish teenager I used to be，I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility. [仿写]完成句子 他养成了强烈的社会责任感，和他一起工作总是鼓舞人心的。 He has developed a strong sense of social responsibility，and working with him is always inspiring. [对应学生用书P7] 　1 instantly adv.立即，马上 conj.一……就…… 　I expected to feel instantly different，as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. 我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。 [要点突破] 　①in an instant马上，立刻(通常用于将来时) for an instant刹那间 the instant一……就……(引导时间状语从句) ② [写作佳句] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David was inspired instantly and accepted to run. 大卫立刻受到鼓舞，同意去参加跑步(比赛)。 [学以致用] 　单句填空/同义句改写 ①That's why Humbert can be instantly(instant) delighted when seeing the list of names. ②The instant the manager in charge of the store came in，he showed us the pattern. ③I am going to the supermarket and will be back in an instant. ④On/Upon seeing him，I knew he was the suspect the police were looking for. ⑤She knew there was something wrong instantly she entered(enter) the room. ⑥The birds flew away in all directions the instant they caught sight of a man coming near. →The birds flew away in all directions instantly they caught sight of a man coming near． 2 approval n．赞成，同意 This was a big decision for me.Of course I asked my parents for their approval first. 这对我来说是个重大的决定。当然我首先征得了父母的同意。 [情境探究] 　写出下列句中approval的含义 ①Do the plans meet with your approval？ 赞成 ②The plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval. 批准 [要点突破] 　①get one's approval 得到某人的同意 give one's approval to 同意；批准 ②approve vt.批准；认可vi.赞成，同意 approve sth.批准/认可某事 approve of sb./sth.赞成/同意某人/某事 approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth.同意(某人)做某事 [写作佳句] 　I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval. 如果您同意我的申请，我将不胜感激。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①He desperately wanted to win his father's approval(approve). ②I don't approve of you sending(send) your daughter to Britain to study. ③Before building work began，a lot of people didn't want the Shard(碎片大厦) though the plans were approved(approve). ④Many doctors had been afraid their parents wouldn't approve of their going to Wuhan，but in fact，their parents supported them. ⑤汤姆的父亲不赞成他退学。 Tom's father doesn't approve of him quitting school. ⑥校长没有批准我们去郊游的计划。 The headmaster didn't approve our plan to go on an outing. 3 commitment n．投入，花费；承诺；奉献 I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit on my very own apartment，but I don't feel ready to make that kind of commitment，and I do like my mom's cooking. 我知道我可以得到一笔银行贷款来支付我自己公寓的订金，但是我还没有准备好做出那种投入，而且我真的很喜欢吃妈妈做的饭。 [情境探究] 　写出下列句中commitment的含义 ①I want to honor my father's commitment to the people who have been farming here. 承诺 ②A career as a scientist requires one hundred per cent commitment. 奉献 ③Achieving success at this level requires a commitment of time and energy. 投入 [要点突破] ①make a commitment作出承诺 one's commitment to某人对……的奉献 carry out one's commitment履行承诺 ②commit v．犯(错、罪)；承诺，保证；投入 commit a crime犯罪 commit suicide自杀 commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth.某人承诺(做)某事 ③committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事 [写作佳句] No matter what difficulties you will meet，carry out your commitment. 不管遇到什么困难，你都要履行承诺。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①I am delighted with the level of commitment(commit) you have all shown. ②We're committed to the project，or we wouldn't be here. ③Both sides committed themselves(them) to settling the dispute peacefully. ④She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment. ⑤该国致力于扩大出口和吸引外国投资。 The country is committed to expanding export and attracting foreign investment. ⑥毫无疑问，一旦他作出了承诺，他就会履行承诺。 There is no doubt that once he makes a commitment，he will carry it out. 4 suitable adj.合适的；适宜的 Choose another suitable title for the passage and give your reasons. 为这篇文章选择另一个合适的标题，并给出你的理由。 [要点突破] ①be suitable for sb./sth.适合某人/某物 be suitable to do sth.适合做某事 It is suitable for sb.to do sth.某人适合做某事。 ②suit n．西装；一套衣服 vt.(服装、颜色等)适合；对(某人)方便；合(某人)心意 suit oneself随某人自己的意愿 suit ...to sth./sb.使……适应某物/某人 [写作佳句] If it is convenient for you，please let me know so that we can make adjustment accordingly to suit your schedule. 如果您方便的话，请让我知道，以便我们做出相应的调整，以适应您的日程安排。 [学以致用] 　单句填空/完成句子/句型转换 ①These crayons are not suitable to use(use) in very hot weather. ②I had great difficulty finding a suitable(suit) dress for the opening ceremony. ③The course is suitable for beginners and advanced students. ④我没有适合穿去参加晚会的衣服。 I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party. ⑤使她烦恼的是，她没有其他适合这个场合的衣服了。 It annoyed her that she had no other dress (that was) suitable for the occasion． ⑥The challenge is finding suitable partners for them. →The challenge is finding partners that suit them．(suit) 5 in charge of sth.掌管或负责某事 Will you be completely in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways? 你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能用新奇的、激动人心的方式来表达自己吗？ [要点突破] ①in the charge of (＝in one's charge) 由……负责/掌管 take charge of负责，掌管 free of charge(＝for free) 免费 ②charge sb.for sth.因某物向某人收费 charge sb.with sth.指控某人做某事 [写作佳句] I was appointed to take charge of this activity，which worries me a lot. 我被委派负责这个活动，这让我很担心。 The man in charge of/taking charge of the activity said that the tickets were free of charge.In other words，they wouldn't charge us for the tickets，or he would be charged with it. 负责这一活动的那名男子说这些票是免费的。也就是说，他们不会向我们收取票钱，否则，他会受到指控的。 [学以致用] 　单句填空/句型转换 ①I wonder how much you will charge us for the six­week course. ②The traffic policeman charged the driver with speeding and fined him $50. ③My uncle is in charge of the big project；that is to say，the big project is in the charge of my uncle. ④Almost 5，000 surgical operations were performed free of charge in this hospital. ⑤I'll be in charge of the whole factory when Mr.Black is away. →The whole factory will be in the charge of me/in my charge when Mr.Black is away. →I'll take charge of the whole factory when Mr.Black is away. 　6 take responsibility for对……负责 　But I think I'm already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people. 但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟，知道开车也意味着要对自己和他人的生命负责。 [要点突破] ①take/have responsibility to do .../for (doing) ...有责任/有义务做…… It's one's responsibility to do sth.某人有责任做某事。 a sense of responsibility责任感 ②responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的 be responsible for对……负责 [写作佳句] 　It's her friendliness and the sense of responsibility that make me admire her. 是她的友善和责任感让我佩服她。 [学以致用] 　单句填空/一句多译/完成句子 ①No one wants to take responsibility for the problem. ②It is their responsibility(responsible) to rescue survivors in the disaster. ③Parents need to inspire a sense of responsibility in their children. ④我们每个人都必须对自己的行为负责。 →Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions. →Each of us must be responsible for our own actions. ⑤他们认为父母应该为孩子的教育承担更多的责任。 They think parents should take more responsibility for the education of their children. 　7 contribute to为……做贡献；有助于；投稿；导致 　Because I contribute to the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive，I find it hard to save any money. 因为我要负担家庭开支，而且我的通勤费用很高，所以我发现攒钱非常困难。 [要点突破] 　①contribute ...to ...为……捐献……；组成……的一部分；为……写稿 contribute to doing sth.有助于做某事 ②contribution n．贡献；捐助 make contributions/a contribution to ...为……做出贡献 [写作佳句] 　I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。 Kind­hearted people contributed money to the poor kid，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote this story and contributed it to a magazine. 好心人为这个贫穷的孩子捐了钱，这使他能够重返校园。一位作家写了这个故事，并投给了一家杂志。 [学以致用] 　单句填空/完成句子 ①We're saying that everyone needs to contribute something to the success of the project. ②(2020·浙江卷改编)They have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions(contribute) to the theater. ③Reading English every morning will contribute to improving(improve) your oral English. ④他给这家杂志社撰写了许多适合青少年阅读的文章。 He has contributed a number of articles suitable for teenagers to the magazine． ⑤希望工程为儿童的教育和健康做出了贡献。 Project Hope has made contributions to/contributed to both the education and the health of children. 1 there be＋主语＋非谓语动词 When I woke up the next day，there were still rules to obey and lessons to attend. 第二天我醒来时，仍然有需要遵守的规则和需要参加的课程。 [情境探究] ①I also grow wheat and vegetables so there are many things to look after every day. 我也种麦子和蔬菜，因此每天我都有很多的事需要料理。 ②There are some boys playing games merrily on the playground. 有几个男孩在操场上高兴地做游戏。 ③There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in the map. 地图上扎着数百个红色的小别针。 [要点突破] 该句式中，非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的主语。具体形式有： [学以致用] 　单句填空/合并句子 ①There are still millions of people suffering(suffer) from hunger nowadays. ②There will be some volunteers to help(help) in remote areas. ③There is still some support given(give) by the local people. ④There are some students on the playground.They are playing basketball. →There are some students on the playground playing basketball． 2 way后的定语从句 Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me. 满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。 [情境探究] 　①Is this the way (that/in which) you deal with the garbage? 这就是你们处理垃圾的方法吗？ ②I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way (that/in which) he speaks English. 我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。 ③The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical. 在会议上提出的方法是不切实际的。 ④School activities are usually considered a good way to make friends and develop new interests. 学校活动通常被认为是一种不错的交友和培养新兴趣的方法。 [要点突破] way作“方式，方法”讲时，后接定语从句： ①关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用that、in which或省略。 ②关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which，作宾语时关系词可省略。 ③其后还可接不定式或of doing sth.的形式作定语。 [学以致用] 　单句填空/完成句子 ①I really admire the way that/in which she brings up those kids all on her own. ②The room was completed the way that/in which she wanted. ③The students are learning new ways to communicate(communicate) in writing. ④在那之后，一半的学生认为看英语电影是练习英语最有效的方法。 After that，half of the students view watching English movies as the most effective way to practise English． ⑤这一切都是因为约翰绝妙的主意，以及他实施的方式。 All this was because of John's bright idea，and the way (that/in which) he carried it out． ⑥健康的饮食和有规律的锻炼可能是帮助你保持健康的唯一方法。 Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way that can help you keep fit． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$