单元综合检测(1)Unit 1 Science and Scientists(Word练习)-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

单元综合检测(一) (时间：100分钟　满分：120分) 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2025·广西示范性高中高二期中)Women scientists around the globe have made significant contributions to STEM(science，technology，engineering，and maths).Here are four female scientists who pushed boundaries and changed the world. Chien-Shiung Wu(1912-1997) Born in Taicang，Jiangsu province，Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world's first nuclear weapon.Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity(宇称理论) in physics.This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues. Hedy Lamarr(1914-2000) Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success.She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor.During the Second World War，Lamarr，together with George Antheil，a composer，developed a radio guidance system.The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology. Katherine Johnson(1918-2020) African American NASA mathematician Johnson's calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely.During her 33-year career at NASA，Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”． Tu Youyou(1930-) Born in Ningbo，Zhejiang province，Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists，for her work in discovering artemisinin，a drug used to treat malaria.Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world.Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize. 1．Who made great contributions to NASA? A．Hedy Lamarr. B．Tu Youyou. C．Katherine Johnson. D．Chien-Shiung Wu. 2．Why is Tu Youyou considered as a great person? A．Her research rescued millions of people. B．She is the first female Nobel Prize winner. C．Her research overturned the Manhattan Project. D．She discovered the malaria with a determined effort. 3．What do the four female scientists have in common? A．They all won the Nobel Prize. B．They all developed a theory of STEM. C．They all devoted themselves to the medical field. D．They all made a big difference to the world. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对世界有重要影响的四位女性科学家以及她们的主要成就。 1．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据Katherine Johnson(1918-2020) 标题下的“During her 33-year career at NASA，Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a ‘human computer’．”可知，Katherine在NASA的33年职业生涯中，以掌握复杂的计算而闻名，被称为“人类计算机”。因此，Katherine Johnson对NASA做出了巨大贡献。故选C。 2．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据Tu Youyou(1930-) 标题下的“Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world.”可知，屠呦呦之所以被认为是一个伟大的人，是因为她的研究挽救了数百万人的生命。故选A。 3．D　[解析]细节理解题。第一段提到“世界各地的女科学家为STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)做出了重大贡献。以下是四位突破界限、改变世界的女科学家”。由此可知，这四位女科学家的共同之处是她们都对世界产生了重要影响。故选D。 B (2024·临沂高二检测)On July 17，1888，Miriam Elizabeth Benjamin became the second African American woman to receive a patent from the U．S.government for her invention of a Gong and Signal Chair.At the time of her application，Benjamin was living in Washington，D.C.，working as an educator in the city's public schools.One of only a few black women to receive a patent before 1900，Benjamin also studied medicine and law at Howard University. Benjamin aimed to transform several industries with her innovation，including hotels，theaters，health care，and government.The key feature of the chair was a notification system，which allowed the seated person to press a button and issue an alarm to the attendant when assistance was needed.Press the button，the gong or bell would sound，and the red signal or flag on the chair would also appear. Benjamin's invention received attention in the press and was featured in newspapers across the country.She persuaded the U．S.government to have it used as a means to signal pages in the U．S.House of Representatives，for example，and the final system installed was similar to her proposal.The method used to signal flight attendants on airplanes can also date back to Benjamin's insight. Benjamin's career as an inventor did not end in 1888.In 1917，she patented a system to deliver drugs in the sole(鞋底) of a shoe.By 1920，Benjamin had returned to Boston to live with her brother，Edgar，a successful lawyer，and her mother.She remained there until her death in 1947.Benjamin never married nor had any children. Benjamin also had success as a composer.Music historians believe she composed at least two important marches.The U．S.Marine Band under John Philip Sousa performed one piece，“The Boston Elite Two Step”， in the early 1890s.Another composition，“The American Bugle Call”， gained even more attention as the campaign song for the 1904 Presidential Campaign of Theodore Roosevelt. 4．What do we know about Benjamin? A．She invented a beneficial alarm-sounding chair. B．She used to hate to be a teacher in public schools. C．She was the first black woman to receive a patent in the U．S. D．She dreamed of having further education at Howard University. 5．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Benjamin's whole-life ambitions. B．The function of Benjamin's invention. C．Benjamin's great interest in her innovation. D．The reason for inventing the Gong and Signal Chair. 6．Which of the following can best describe Benjamin? A．Reliable and devoted. B．Creative and humorous. C．Persuasive and productive. D．Knowledgeable and generous. 7．What is the purpose of this text? A．To show respect for black people. B．To explain Benjamin's lonely life. C．To introduce some new inventions. D．To remember a woman inventor. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女性发明家Miriam Elizabeth Benjamin的生平及发明。 4．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“On July 17，1888，Miriam Elizabeth Benjamin ...for her invention of a Gong and Signal Chair.”可知，Benjamin发明了鸣锣信号椅。根据第二段后两句“The key feature of the chair was a notification system ...would also appear.”可知，她发明的椅子具有声音警报装置，当需要帮助时，坐着的人可以按下按钮发出警报。故选A。 5．B　[解析]主旨大意题。第二段主要介绍了该椅子的功能，它具有声音警报装置，当需要帮助时，坐着的人可以按下按钮发出警报。按下按钮时，锣或铃就会响，椅子上的红色信号或旗帜也会出现。故选B。 6．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“She persuaded the U．S.government to have it used as a means ...was similar to her proposal.”，第四段前两句“Benjamin's career as an inventor did not end in 1888 ...in the sole of a shoe.”及第五段前两句“Benjamin also had success as a composer ...two important marches.”可知，她非常具有说服力，而且有多项发明和创作，是一位多产的发明家。故选C。 7．D　[解析]推理判断题。本文主要介绍了美国女性发明家Miriam Elizabeth Benjamin的生平及发明。故推测，文章主要是为了纪念这位女性发明家。故选D。 C Nada Nafisa，Aya Al Zayed and Fatimah Ghazi，all 16，are Grade 10 pupils at GEMS Al Khaleej International School.They have created the Eco-current energy production unit that harvests “leftover” electrons to harness(利用) electricity from plants. Nafisa and her friends came up with the idea of Eco-current for a school competition.They decided to work on clean energy in a creative way.And then they showed Eco-current at Expo 2020 Dubai. The pupils found research from the Netherlands about producing energy from plants using a run of electrons.This approach towards green energy does not harm the plant.For now，the pupils know that the technology can be used to power phones or smaller devices，using electricity produced from moss(苔藓).With bigger units and more research on the most suitable types of plants，the pupils are sanguine that larger machines can be powered—such as washing machines，coffee machines，and even a house. Fellow(同事的) team member Al Zayed said，“Our school conducts a Steam (science，technology，engineering，arts and mathematics) Exhibition Day every year，where we have to show our proposed solution to different problems.We chose the clean energy category and started researching new technologies that can be used for producing green energy.We found that we can produce energy from plants.A group of scientists that started this idea in the Netherlands inspired us and we thought of improving it.” Another team member Fatimah Ghazi said，“We definitely hope that we will be able to finish our work and build the final prototype(原型) that will work well and produce enough energy to power a house at an affordable cost.” Ruba Tarabay，Middle School science lead at GEMS Al Khaleej International School，said，“I was so excited to see that they were able to show their project at Expo and the judges were really impressed with this idea of producing clean energy for our future.” 8．What do the first three paragraphs mainly tell us? A．Different methods of producing electricity in modern society. B．The performance of Nada Nafisa and her fellows at Expo 2020 Dubai. C．The advantages of using “leftover” electronic to produce electricity. D．How Nada Nafisa and her fellows developed the new energy. 9．Which word can replace the underlined word “sanguine” in Paragraph 3? A．Doubtful. B．Curious. C．Confident. D．Critical. 10．Where did Nada Nafisa and her fellows produce energy from? A．Solar power. B．Sea. C．Wind. D．Plants. 11．What can we infer from the passage? A.Nada Nafisa and her fellows are ambitious and creative. B．It is impossible for plants to provide clean energy. C．The local government is opposed to the pupils' plan. D．The pupils have produced enough energy to power an affordable house. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迪拜三名中学生发明了一种利用植物产生能量的方法。 8．D　[解析]主旨大意题。根据前三段内容可知， 前三段主要告诉我们Nada Nafisa和她的伙伴是如何开发新能源的。故选D。 9．C　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词前句“For now，the pupils know that the technology can be used to power phones or smaller devices，using electricity produced from moss.”和前半句With bigger units and more research on the most suitable types of plants可知，随着研究的深入进行，学生们对为更大的机器提供动力感到乐观。所以sanguine意为“自信的；乐观的”。故选C。 10．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The pupils found research from the Netherlands about producing energy from plants using a run of electrons.”和第四段中的“We found that we can produce energy from plants.”可知，Nada Nafisa和她的伙伴利用植物产生能量。故选D。 11．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We found that we can produce energy from plants.A group of scientists that started this idea in the Netherlands inspired us and we thought of improving it.”和第五段“Another team member Fatimah Ghazi said，‘We definitely hope ...to power a house at an affordable cost.’”可推断，Nada Nafisa和她的伙伴雄心勃勃，富有创造力。故选A。 D As a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists，the three-spined stickleback(三刺鱼) is known for their different shapes，sizes，and behaviors—they can even live in both sea water and fresh water，and under a wide range of temperatures.But what makes that? The researchers tracked six populations of the fish before and after seasonal changes to their environment，using genome sequencing(基因组测序).Seasonal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance of salt and fresh water，and only those fish able to tolerate these rapid changes survive into the next season. “These changes probably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback populations during the past 10，000 years，”says Professor Barrett. “We hope to gain insight into the genetic changes that may have resulted from natural selection long in the past.” Remarkably，the researchers discovered the evidence of genetic changes driven by the seasonal shifts in habitats，which mirrored the differences found between long-established freshwater and saltwater populations.“These genetic changes occurred in independent populations over a single season，highlighting just how quickly the effects of natural selection can be detected，” says Professor Barrett.“The findings suggest that we may be able to use the genetic differences to predict how populations may adapt to the environment.” The research emphasizes the importance of studying species in dynamic environments to gain a better understanding of how natural selection operates.In the further research，they plan to investigate how repeatable the observed genetic changes are，by testing whether they show up year after year.Doing so would demonstrate their ability to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations. 12．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The difficulties of the research. B．The purpose of the research. C．The background of the research. D．The methods of the research. 13．What is the main reason for the three-spined stickleback's survival? A．Habitat shifts. B．Genetic changes. C．Seasonal changes. D．Independent populations. 14．Why will scientists study the repetition of the genetic changes? A．To know what natural selection is. B．To study species in dynamic environments. C．To test the reliability of the present discoveries. D．To forecast the evolutionary future of certain species. 15．Where is the text from? A．A science magazine. B．A science fiction. C．An advertisement. D．A novel. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。三刺鱼是进化生态学家的热门研究对象，研究人员利用基因组测序技术，追踪了六个种群，发现只有那些能够忍受生存环境快速变化的鱼类才能存活到下一个季节，科学家们也许能够利用基因差异来预测未来某些物种的进化前景。 12．D　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第二段“The researchers tracked six populations of the fish ... and only those fish able to tolerate these rapid changes survive into the next season.”可知，文章第二段主要讲述了这个研究的研究方法：研究人员利用基因组测序追踪了六个种群，以及季节变化对这些种群的影响。故选D。 13．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Remarkably，the researchers discovered the evidence of genetic changes driven by the seasonal shifts in habitats，which mirrored the differences found between long-established freshwater and saltwater populations.”可知，研究人员发现了栖息地季节性变化导致基因变化的证据，这反映了长期存在的淡水种群和咸水种群之间的差异。由此推知，三刺鱼之所以能够生存下去，其主要原因就在于基因改变。故选B。 14．D　 [解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In the further research，they plan to investigate ... to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations.”可知，在进一步的研究中，科学家们计划通过测试这些观察到的基因变化是否年复一年地出现，来调查其可重复性。这样做将证明他们有能力可靠地预测这些种群的未来进化。因此，科学家研究基因改变的重复性是为了预测未来某些物种的进化前景。故选D。 15．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段“As a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists ...But what makes that? ”可知，作为进化生态学家的热门研究对象，三刺鱼以其不同的形状、大小和行为而闻名，它们甚至可以生活在海水和淡水中，适应的温度范围也很广。再结合全文内容可知，文章是一篇研究三刺鱼的说明文，应该来自科学杂志。故选A。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In science，advances are a daily occurrence，but true breakthroughs are rare.What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs？Some are the result of a lucky accident，combined with curiosity.Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road，one they never planned to travel—a road that may well lead nowhere. 16．______ One day，usually early in their career，they get an idea they can't stop thinking about.“It's crazy，”they say to themselves，but is it really impossible？They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons their idea might not work，and how damaging this could be for their career.Yet，the idea won't die and they are determined to travel that road—a road that may well lead nowhere.17.______ Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel，they often endure disinterest，like Fleming，who discovered penicillin due to lucky accidents and curiosity，or repeated skepticism and rejection，like Karikó，who made all mRNA vaccines possible with 20 years of persistence and resilience.By bringing their dreams to life，they were rewarded with fame and wealth and something even more valuable.18.______ Of course，the obsession(痴迷) with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists.19.______ Nature doesn't turn out to operate the way they predicted.In the end，their beautiful theory is murdered by brutal facts.For those dreamers on the right track，they would have achieved their dream—if only they had done the experiment a little differently，if only they had persisted a little longer，or if only the support for their work had not run out. Ultimately，scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers，recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs.20.______ More importantly，the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world. A.Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas. B.Their ideas，though brilliant，in the end prove to be wrong. C．But they refuse to give in and struggle to find more financial support. D．Because of them，millions of people around the world avoided getting sick or death. E.Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea. F.But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X-ray and vaccines. G.However，the investments leading to breakthroughs also bring a greater economic return. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域，很多突破源于幸运的意外，有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃。最后作者得出结论：只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时，才有可能实现改变世界的科学突破。 16．E　[解析]根据第一段中的“What does it take to achieve world-changing scientific breakthroughs？Some are the result of a lucky accident，combined with curiosity.”可知，有些改变世界的科学突破是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果。结合空格后“One day，usually early in their career，they get an idea ...this could be for their career.”可知，空格处提出的应该是实现其他科学突破需要的东西，即科学家对特定想法的追求。由此可知，E选项“其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求”符合题意，第一段中的some和选项中的Other前后照应。故选E。 17．F　[解析]根据空格前的句子“Yet，the idea won't die and they are determined to travel that road—a road that may well lead nowhere.”可知，空格处继续论述他们不放弃走这条路的另一种结果。由此可知，F选项“但有时这条路会带来重大突破，如X光和疫苗”符合题意，选项中的the road和前句中的road属于原词复现。故选F。 18．D　[解析]根据空格前的句子“By bringing their dreams to life，they were rewarded with fame and wealth and something even more valuable.”可知，空格处继续说明实现他们的梦想带来的好处。由此可知，D选项“正因为他们，全世界数百万人免于生病或死亡”符合题意，选项中的them指代的是前文提到的为实现梦想而努力的科学家们。故选D。 19．B　[解析]根据空格前一句“Of course，the obsession with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists.”和后两句“Nature doesn't turn out to operate the way they predicted.In the end，their beautiful theory is murdered by brutal facts.”可知，空格处继续说明痴迷于一个不太可能的梦想不能获得回报。由此可知，B选项“他们的想法虽然很棒，但最终被证明是错误的”符合题意。故选B。 20．G　[解析]根据空格前一句“Ultimately，scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers，recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs.”和下一句“More importantly，the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.”可知，空格处提到的应该是投资带来的好处。由此可知，G选项“然而，带来突破的投资也带来了更大的经济回报”符合题意，选项中the investments在前后文都有提到，属于原词复现。故选G。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Years ago，I had a young boy in my class that I'll never forget.Our experiences together __21__ upon me the great influence that just a few minutes of kindness can have on a young life. Juan came from a poor family but had an __22__ ability to study.I was shocked when he told me one day that he didn't think he was __23__ enough to attend college.He also felt he couldn't __24__ it.I explained he was one of my very best students.His face __25__ with excitement，and he looked at me incredibly.I __26__ to explain he could apply for __27__ to pay for college and that it'd be a considerable waste of __28__ if he didn't attend college. The next morning，Juan told me cheerfully he had __29__ to attend college.He was my best student that year.His skills and abilities continued to grow and his __30__ increased. At the end of the year，Juan came to thank me.I was deeply __31__ when he told me those few minutes that we had talked the previous year had __32__ his life.He was awarded enough scholarships to attend a university.I was very proud of him. How important had my __33__ really been to him，and to the path he would follow？Who could have known the importance of a few minutes in the life of a young man？My experiences with Juan contributed to my decision to __34__ in the classroom.I may not drive the nicest car on the block，but I'm very rich in what __35__ the most. 21．A.urged B.impressed C．pressed D．imposed 22．A.ordinary B．average C．unusual D．attractive 23．A.cute B．mature C．positive D．smart 24．A.afford B．possess C．polish D．quit 25．A.woke up B．took over C．lit up D．turned over 26．A.ceased B．proceeded C．pretended D．rushed 27．A.prizes B．awards C．scholarships D．funds 28．A.talent B．innocence C．certificate D．status 29．A.declined B．resolved C．hesitated D．arranged 30．A.competence B．occupation C．comprehension D．confidence 31．A.stuck B．moved C．hurt D．absorbed 32．A.disturbed B．reflected C．transformed D．justified 33．A.opposition B．encouragement C．criterion D．intervention 34．A.function B．negotiate C．remain D．inquire 35．A.counts B．occurs C．comes D．exists 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者鼓励了一个来自贫困家庭的有天赋的学生，使他不断增强自信心，最终对学生的生活产生了巨大影响的故事。 21．B　[解析]根据上文“Years ago，I had a young boy in my class that I'll never forget.”可知，此处表示两人一起的经历使作者印象深刻。urge催促；impress使印象深刻；press压；impose推行。故选B。 22．C　[解析]根据下文“I explained he was one of my very best students.”可知，作者认为胡安是自己最好的学生之一，所以此处表示胡安有着不同寻常的学习能力。ordinary普通的；average一般的；unusual不寻常的；attractive有吸引力的。故选C。 23．D　[解析]根据语境可知，此处表示胡安认为自己不够聪明，不能去上大学，作者为此感到震惊。cute可爱的；mature成熟的；positive积极的；smart聪明的。故选D。 24．A　[解析]根据上文Juan came from a poor family可知，胡安来自一个贫穷的家庭，所以他觉得自己负担不起上大学的费用。afford负担得起；possess拥有；polish抛光；quit离开。故选A。 25．C　[解析]根据下文“with excitement，and he looked at me incredibly”可知，因为兴奋，胡安面带喜悦。wake up醒来；take over接管；light up喜形于色；turn over翻转。故选C。 26．B　[解析]根据上文“I explained he was one of my very best students.”以及语境可知，此处表示作者继续向胡安解释。cease停止；proceed继续做；pretend假装；rush急促。故选B。 27．C　[解析]根据下文to pay for college可知，此处表示胡安可以申请奖学金来支付大学学费。且下文“He was awarded enough scholarships to attend a university.”也是提示。prize奖励；award奖，奖金；scholarship奖学金；fund基金。故选C。 28．A　[解析]根据上文“I explained he was one of my very best students.”可知，作者认为胡安是自己最好的学生之一，如果胡安不上大学，那是对人才的浪费。talent人才；innocence清白；certificate证书；status身份。故选A。 29．B　[解析]根据下文to attend college以及语境可知，此处表示胡安告诉作者，他决心上大学。decline拒绝；resolve决心；hesitate犹豫；arrange安排。故选B。 30．D　[解析]根据上文His skills and abilities continued to grow可知，胡安的技能和能力不断提高，所以此处表示他的信心不断增强。competence能力；occupation职业；comprehension理解；confidence信心。故选D。 31．B　[解析]根据下文“when he told me those few minutes that we had talked the previous year had __32__ his life”可知，作者被深深感动了。stuck卡住的；moved被感动的；hurt伤心的；absorbed专心的。故选B。 32．C　[解析]根据语境可知，此处表示作者与胡安谈话的几分钟让他从认为自己上不了大学转变为决心上大学，能力和自信得以提高，由此可知，那次谈话改变了他的人生。disturb干扰；reflect反射；transform改变；justify证明正当。故选C。 33．B　[解析]根据上文“I __26__ to explain he could apply for __27__ to pay for college and that it'd be a considerable waste of __28__ if he didn't attend college.”可知，此处表示作者对胡安的鼓励。opposition反对；encouragement鼓励；criterion标准；intervention干预。故选B。 34．C　[解析]根据上文“Our experiences together __21__ upon me the great influence that just a few minutes of kindness can have on a young life.”可知，作者体会到了自己对学生的积极影响，因此选择继续留在课堂上。function起作用；negotiate协商；remain留下；inquire查询。故选C。 35．A　[解析]结合上文作者对学生的影响可知，作者认为自己虽然在物质方面可能有所不足，但是在最重要的方面非常富有。count重要；occur发生；come来；exist存在。故选A。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Born in October 1937 in Kunshan，Jiangsu Province，Qian Qihu has spent over 60 years studying defense engineering，36.__________(help) China to build an indestructible “Underground Steel Great Wall”．“Now we are talking about the underground Great Wall，not above the ground，37.__________ underground，” he explained.If the ground structures are destroyed，the underground “cities” can provide shelter and store the basic supplies 38.__________(require) for survival. Since the 1960s，Qian has begun to study protection 39.__________nuclear bomb explosions and made major contributions to building a series of defense facilities deep inside mountains.Qian also planned underground spaces for over 20 key fortified(设防的) cities，providing 40.__________(faith) foundations for China's future cities.Apart from defense facilities，many national projects are linked to Qian's work，41.__________ have already played a key part in Chinese people's life. In the early 1980s，China's research in deep rock mechanics was 42.__________(rough) 10 years behind than abroad.As a latecomer，Qian spared no effort 43.__________(make) China catch up and put forward 16 key technical solutions to dozens of troublesome problems. Qian is the 44.__________(win) of the country's top science award，the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award，and 45.__________(award) the August 1 Medal—the highest military honor in the country—in 2022. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了钱七虎的先进事迹。 36．helping　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：钱七虎1937年10月出生于江苏省昆山市，他研究防护工程60余年，帮助中国建造了一座坚不可摧的“地下钢铁长城”。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应用help的现在分词形式作状语。故填helping。 37．but　[解析]考查连词。他解释说：“现在我们谈论的是地下长城，不是在地上，而是在地下。”此处考查固定搭配“not ...but ...”，表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。 38．required　[解析]考查非谓语动词。如果地面建筑被摧毁，地下“城市”可以提供庇护所，并储存生存所需的基本物资。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语the basic supplies之间是被动关系，应用require的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填required。 39．against/from　[解析]考查介词。固定搭配“protection from/against ...”表示“防护/防御……”。故填against/from。 40．faithful　[解析]考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词作定语，应用形容词faithful。故填faithful。 41．which　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词many national projects，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 42.roughly　[解析]考查副词。句意：20世纪80年代初，中国在深部岩石力学方面的研究比国外落后了大约10年。设空处应用副词roughly作状语。故填roughly。 43．to make　[解析]考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作非谓语，此处考查固定搭配spare no effort to do sth.“不遗余力地做某事”。故填to make。 44．winner　[解析]考查名词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用名词形式作表语，根据空前的is可知，设空处填名词的单数形式。故填winner。 45．was awarded　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语，和主语Qian之间是被动关系；根据时间状语in 2002可知，句子用一般过去时；主语Qian为第三人称单数，谓语也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填was awarded。 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 假定你是李华，下个月是你们学校的“科技月”，为此学校将举办一场主题为“科技与生活”的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1．科技在生活中的应用； 2．你的感想。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Technology and Life ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Technology and Life Hello，everyone! Over the last few decades，technologies have been constantly appearing，which has greatly changed our lives.It is recognized that facial recognition makes it easier for us to get into stations，airports and other places.Also，the high-speed railway shortens the travelling time between two cities，enabling us to visit more places conveniently.In addition，mobile payment allows us to pay for everything wherever there is a QR code. As is known to us，technologies are around us.Obviously，they have made our lives more efficient and colorful.Only by making better use of them can we become the master of our lives. 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Rakesh lives with his wife.He used an early-morning train for work and came back late at night.The two were happy with their lives although they had to struggle to make their ends meet.But suddenly，Rakesh lost his job.Staying at home throughout the day was getting tougher for Rakesh.Although Reena，his wife tried her best to deal with his mood swings and frustrations，they often ended up having an argument. To find his comfort，Rakesh continued leaving his house every morning just the way he used to do for going at work.He boarded the same train and got down at the same station where his former workplace was.Again he came back at the end of the day.Reena used to make food for him，knowing that he would not appreciate a bit of it.He had forgotten to love her; he no longer understood her sacrifices(牺牲).Rakesh was being more difficult with every passing day. One day，when Rakesh boarded the train，he saw a man in formal shirt and trousers reading a newspaper on a seat.Beside him was a pretty young lady knitting(编织) a sweater.It seemed that the two were together，but they didn't speak a word.They traveled till their station came almost an hour later.Rakesh saw both of them getting down.The next day，this was repeated.This went on for about three months. One day，Rakesh boarded the train.But his eyes were constantly searching for something.He saw that man standing near the door.But where was that lady who used to be there with him? Few more days went by.But the lady couldn't be seen. Rakesh couldn't hold back his curiousness.He went up and asked.The man said，“She was my wife.She died two weeks ago.She was battling cancer.The doctors had told her that she didn't have much time left and that she needed rest.But she determined to spend as much time with me as she could.Although I asked her to have a rest，she decided to come with me till my office just to spend an extra hour with me every day.” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1： Rakesh did not know what to say，so he rushed towards home. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： Reena was surprised to see him return so early. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Paragraph 1： Rakesh did not know what to say，so he rushed towards home.On his way back，he thought of all the ignorance he had been showing towards Reena ever since he had lost his job.Rakesh was ashamed to feel that even though he could see Reena in front of his eyes doing every bit to adjust with his temper，he had never paid any attention to her efforts.He kept thinking of that man and his wife.He knew he would be very sad if he lost Reena one day.What he needed to do right now was to make Reena know he loved her so much. Paragraph 2： Reena was surprised to see him return so early.She began to lay the table so that she could serve him food.Rakesh walked over to her and hugged her warmly.With wet eyes he said，“I am so sorry，dear.I took your sacrifices and your understanding for granted.But it was the power of love that raised my inner voice and made me realize all the wrong doings that I had been doing.I promise to share the joys and sorrows with you and go through the difficulties together.” Hearing that，Reena's eyes were filled with tears，and her heart was filled with happiness. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$