课时梯级训练(4)Section Ⅳ Writing(Word练习)-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

课时梯级训练(四)　Section Ⅳ　Writing Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2025·南昌高二检测)In 1957 a group of physicists gathered in a lecture hall to be addressed by a Chinese American woman.As she told the crowd about her recent experiment and its results，the response was dead silence for two minutes，then thunderous applause continued for ten minutes.The woman was Chien­Shiung Wu，known as the First Lady of Physics，who transformed nuclear science through her work on the Manhattan Project and other groundbreaking experiments. Born in 1912，unlike many Chinese women of her time，Wu received a formal education.Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists like Marie Curie，she entered National Central University to study physics and then began her scientific studies. It was a time of rapid change in the field of physics.With the help of an uncle，she immigrated to the United States for graduate school. Wu planned to go to the University of Michigan，but a tour of the University of California，Berkeley—and word that a student center at Michigan did not allow female students to enter through the front door—changed her mind.At Berkeley Wu was visible for her gender and race，her male colleagues commenting as much on her appearance as her keen mind.She quickly gained a reputation as an expert in the newly discovered phenomenon of nuclear fission(核裂变). After graduation，she headed to Smith College to teach women physics.During World War Ⅱ，Wu went to Princeton University，where she became the physics department's first female instructor.But shortly after her arrival，her career took an unexpected turn in 1944.She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top­secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project. 1．Which word best describes the lecture in Paragraph 1? A．Boring. B．Humorous. C．Excellent. D．Common. 2．What inspired Wu to study physics? A．The formal education she received. B．The success of women scientists. C．The background of her family. D．The rapid change in the field of physics. 3．What happened to Wu in America? A．She was looked down on at Berkeley. B．She went to the University of Michigan at first. C.She taught women physics at Princeton University. D．She joined a top­secret research program at Columbia University. 4．Which of the following best describes Wu as a scientist? A．Modest and independent. B．Creative and warm­hearted. C．Responsible and cautious. D．Committed and ambitious. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“物理学第一夫人”吴健雄的生平，讲述了她的求学经历、科研之路以及对核科学的贡献。 1．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As she told the crowd about her recent experiment and its results，the response was dead silence for two minutes，then thunderous applause continued for ten minutes.”可知，吴健雄女士在讲座上讲述她的实验和结果时，听众先是沉默了两分钟，然后雷鸣般的掌声持续了十分钟，由此可推知，她的演讲很精彩。故选C。 2．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fascinated by new discoveries and the story of women scientists like Marie Curie，she entered National Central University to study physics and then began her scientific studies.”可知，吴健雄被新发现和像玛丽·居里这样的女科学家的故事所吸引，所以选择学习物理。故选B。 3．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But shortly after her arrival，her career took an unexpected turn in 1944.She ended up joining the staff at Columbia University on a top­secret research program now known as the Manhattan Project.”可知，吴健雄到普林斯顿大学后不久，她的职业生涯就发生了意想不到的转折，她最终加入了哥伦比亚大学的一个绝密研究项目，该项目就是现今为人熟知的“曼哈顿计划”。故选D。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了被尊称为“物理学第一夫人”的吴健雄在物理学领域的卓越成就和贡献，她通过在“曼哈顿计划”和其他开创性实验中的工作改变了核科学。吴健雄一生致力于物理学的研究并有着雄心壮志，取得了很多开创性的成果，她是一位具有奉献精神和雄心壮志的科学家，故选D。 Ⅱ.语法填空 James Watt，born in Scotland in 1736，was an engineer，scientist and 1.__________(invent).As a child he was gifted in the areas of maths and science. One day when he was 12 years old，he sat in his family kitchen，2.__________(watch) a kettle boiling water.As the water boiled，the steam made the top of the kettle bounce 3.__________ and down.He thought deeply about what was happening，as steam was only water 4.__________ seemed to be powerful enough to lift a kettle top.He reflected 5.__________ (far) on the process，estimating how much more power could 6.__________(create) by a large amount of water.Later he experimented with steam and eventually developed the steam engine.This was 7.__________ great success in improving the Newcomen steam engine，8.__________ was commonly used at the time. Watt's invention changed the course of human history.Steam engines helped to power factories that started the Industrial Revolution.With this 9.__________(come) new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs.In the area of transportation，steam engines were used 10.__________(power) trains and boats，helping people to travel greater distance in much shorter times. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国著名的工程师、科学家和发明家瓦特，还介绍了瓦特如何研制出了蒸汽机。 1．inventor　[解析]考查名词。根据空前的“an engineer，scientist”可知，空处指的是发明家，应用名词单数形式。故填inventor。 2．watching　[解析]考查非谓语动词。这里用非谓语动词充当状语，和主句主语he之间存在主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填watching。 3．up　[解析]考查副词。根据空后的and down可知，空处为up，构成短语up and down“上下起伏”。故填up。 4．but　[解析]考查连词。空前steam was only water和空后seemed to be powerful enough to lift a kettle top之间存在转折关系。故填but。 5．further　[解析]考查副词。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词，修饰动词短语reflected on；再根据上文He thought deeply可知，空处指的是更进一步思考，应用比较级。故填further。 6．be created　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。出现在情态动词之后，用动词原形。主语power和动词create之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态。故填be created。 7．a　[解析]考查冠词。success为不可数名词，意为“成功”。但是当success指的是具体的一件事的时候，则是可数名词，此处泛指“一个成功的发明”，应用不定冠词，great是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。 8．which　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Newcomen steam engine，关系词代替先行词在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．came　[解析]考查动词的时态和语态。本句为完全倒装句，主语new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs和come之间为主动关系；分析上下文可知，时态为一般过去时。故填came。 10．to power　[解析]考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to power。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 近来同学们了解了多位科学家的故事，如约翰·斯诺(John Snow)、钱学森、史蒂芬·霍金(Stephen Hawking)、袁隆平等，学习了他们的奉献精神。为此你们班将举行主题为“Greatest Scientists”的英语演讲比赛，假定你是李华，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，简单介绍自己敬佩的科学家。 注意：词数80左右。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Good morning，my classmates! I'm Li Hua，it's my honor to make a speech to introduce the scientist I admire. I admire Qian Xuesen most，who is known as the father of China's aerospace.Firstly，he was a pioneer who was determined to pursue his dreams.More importantly，he was patriotic and served our country with effort，achievement and devotion.All of this makes him a great scientist. Undoubtedly，as teenagers，we should learn and pass on his scientific spirit as well as his perseverance in the face of frustration. Ⅳ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Derek and Shirley walked out of the airport building and into the bright sunshine.Looking up at the brilliant blue sky and then at the faraway mountains rising above the swaying palm trees，they couldn't wait to start their holiday. A taxi pulled up swiftly and silently.Derek dropped their suitcases into the boot and joined Shirley in the back seat.“Palm Trees Hotel，please，” Derek said excitedly.“Certainly，sir，” replied the driver，as he turned around with a flashing white smile.Derek and Shirley gave each other a puzzled look as the taxi eased smoothly into the traffic.“Excuse me，er，your face seems very familiar—in fact，you remind us of that famous film star，Rocky Overton ...but of course，you can't be.” Derek and Shirley sat in silent disbelief as the driver explained that he was not a real person，but a robot made to look like a famous actor.“Rocky” explained that the taxi company had purchased the latest model of robot drivers since they were programmed to be safer and more reliable than human drivers.“So，here I am，” “Rocky” continued，“your first robot taxi driver！” Derek and Shirley held each other's hands more tightly.“Relax，” “Rocky” reassured them，“there is nothing for you to worry about.I can assure you that my driving skills are excellent.I'm equipped with perfect vision and superior reactions，and I know every street in the city.I am instantly updated with the latest traffic information so that I can avoid traffic jams and get you to your destination in the quickest and least stressful manner.Please sit back，relax and enjoy the journey.” Derek and Shirley，feeling a little better，leaned back in their seats and closed their eyes.“And another thing，” “Rocky” added，“my line of robots represents the ultimate in computer technology.I am beautifully designed，made from only the best materials and subject to the strictest quality checks.Therefore，you are entirely safe with me.Nothing could possibly go wrong ...could possibly go wrong ...go wrong ...go wrong ...” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: Derek and Shirley looked at each other with great fear in their eyes. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: “Don't worry，sir，” came the calm reply on the phone.“And your taxi is also a driverless car.”________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Paragraph 1： Derek and Shirley looked at each other with great fear in their eyes.The taxi was moving faster and faster，and “Rocky” seemed to be malfunctioning.“Slow down！” Derek shouted，but “Rocky” did not respond.The robot drove even faster than before and narrowly missed a car.Terrified，Derek grabbed his phone.With trembling fingers，he called the taxi company.“Hello？” Derek shouted into the phone.“Our robot driver is having a breakdown and he's completely out of control.We need help quickly！” Paragraph 2： “Don't worry，sir，” came the calm reply on the phone.“And your taxi is also a driverless car.” The reply continued，“We have the authority to disable the robot driver.Let me switch your taxi to the driverless mode and get you to your destination safely.” The taxi immediately slowed down and continued as if nothing had happened，although its driver could be heard mumbling to himself，“...go wrong ...go wrong ...” When they finally arrived at their hotel，Derek and Shirley quickly got out of the taxi，relieved and grateful to be alive.As they watched the taxi move away，they agreed that for the rest of the holiday，they would walk everywhere! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$