Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【优化指导】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语和状语 [对应学生用书P109] [观察] 1．For both of them，the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting. 2．Before starting out，they spent a couple of days in Vancouver，seeing the sights. 3．The next day was clear and mild，and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. 4．Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 5．However，they did not anticipate seeing such an open country，and were truly amazed. [探究] 1．句1中的加黑词是动词-ing形式作表语。 2．句2中的加黑词是动词-ing形式短语作状语。 3．句3和句5中，加黑词都是形容词化的过去分词，在句中作表语，表示主语的性质或所处的状态。 4．句4中的过去分词短语在句中作状语。作状语的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。 请思考过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语和状语的区别。 一、过去分词和动词-ing形式的用法归纳 二、过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语 过去分词与动词-ing形式位于系动词(如be、get、become、look、feel、seem等)之后作表语，多表示主语的状态或状况，所体现的是形容词的特性。 [感知] 1．He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后，他看上去很担忧。 2．Though I couldn't understand most of it at the very beginning，the whole experience was exciting and refreshing. 虽然一开始我还不能完全理解，但整个经历令人兴奋和耳目一新。 3．The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。 4．The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是汤姆打碎的。 [探究] 1．句1中过去分词worried和句2中动词-ing形式短语exciting and refreshing均在系动词后作表语。 2．句2中动词-ing形式短语与其逻辑主语the whole experience之间为主动关系；句3中过去分词broken与其逻辑主语The cup之间是被动关系。 3．句3中is broken构成系表结构；句4中was broken构成一般过去时的被动语态。 [归纳] 1．过去分词和动词-ing形式作表语时，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间一般是被动关系，而动词-ing形式则表示主动关系。 2．过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态或主观的心理感受，相当于形容词(词性)的作用，常译作“感到……的”。动词-ing形式作表语，相当于形容词，表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”，用来表示主语所具有的特征或属性。 3．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 [即练] 　单句填空 1．We were surprised(surprise) at what he said at the meeting. 2．When we heard of it，we were deeply moved(move). 3．He said something else that I thought was interesting(interest). 4．His discouraging words made many people discouraged．(discourage) 5．He never thought he would win the competition，but he was_encouraged(encourage) to try. 三、过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语 过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 (一)过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的基本用法 [感知] 1．Asked why he didn't do it，he began to cry. 当我问他为什么没做这件事时，他哭了起来。 2．Given more time，we could do it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。 3．(2024·全国甲卷)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table，listening closely. 她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一头，仔细地听着。 4．Not knowing her address，we couldn't get in touch with her. 由于不知道她的地址，我们无法与她取得联系。 5．(2024·全国甲卷)Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. 动物可以用很多方式来表达它们的需求。 6．Though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields. 虽然已经接到有暴风雨的警告，但农民们仍在田地里干活。 [探究] 1．以上句子中，过去分词短语和动词-ing形式短语作状语。 2．句1、2、6中过去分词短语分别作时间状语、条件状语、让步状语；句3、4、5中动词-ing形式短语分别作伴随状语、原因状语、方式状语。 3．句6中让步状语部分保留了连词though。 [归纳] 1．过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语时，一般在句子中表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状态等。 2．作状语时，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往含有完成义；而动词-ing形式则表示主动关系。 ①分词作状语表示“结果”时，只能用动词-ing形式。 The boy fell off his bike，breaking his right arm. 男孩从自行车上摔下来，摔断了右臂。 ②过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语时，一般可以转换成相应含义的状语从句。而从句改成过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语时，必要时也可以保留连词，构成“连词＋分词”结构。 Unless you are asked to speak(＝Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting. 除非被要求说话，否则你应该在会上保持沉默。 [即练] 　单句填空/完成句子/句型转换 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)During the two-hour exploration，everyone was busy taking notes and photographs，amazed(amaze) by the power of plants around us. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Feeling(feel) motivated，I started running regularly，but then two things happened. 3．问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 Asked_about_his_address，the boy didn't respond. 4．Even if I am invited，I will not take part in the party. →Even_if_invited，I will not take part in the party. 5．If it is heated to a high temperature，water will change into vapor. →Heated_to_a_high_temperature，water will change into vapor. (二)过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的特殊用法 [感知] 1．The National Park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging from butterflies to elephants. 国家公园里有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象，应有尽有。 2．Pleased with the result of the exam(＝Pleasing himself with the result of the exam)，he jumped up with joy. 他对考试的结果感到满意，高兴得跳了起来。 3．Given that he is doing quite well，it seems unreasonable to dismiss him. 考虑到他的工作做得很不错，解雇他似乎是不合理的。 4．Measuring twelve meters by eight meters，the classroom is big enough to hold fifty students. 这个教室长12米，宽8米，足够容纳50名学生。 5．Faced with difficulty(＝Facing difficulty)，I never lose heart. 面对困难，我从不灰心。 [探究] 1．句1中作状语的ranging是不及物动词。 2．句2中的please意为“使满意；使愉快”，是心理状态类动词。 3．句3中的given意为“考虑到；鉴于”，是固定用法。 4．句4中measure意为“(尺寸、长短、数量等的)量度为”。 5．句5中face表示“面临；面对”时相当于“be faced with”。 [归纳] 1．不及物动词(短语) 不及物动词(短语)不能跟宾语，也没有被动语态。因此，作状语时要用动词-ing形式，要避免误用过去分词。不用于被动语态的动词短语作状语时也只用动词-ing形式，如break out、take place、suffer from、vary from ...to ...、range from ...to ...、resign from、graduate from、arise from、lie in、consist of、belong to、add up to等。同样，没有被动语态用法的系动词作状语时须用动词-ing形式，如feel、smell、taste、sound、look等。 2．心理状态类动词 有些有“使……；令……；让……”等意义的及物动词，如please、bore、terrify、thrill、shock、puzzle、excite、exhaust、astonish、confuse、convince等，这类动词带宾语时用表动态的动词-ing形式，不带宾语时则用表静态的过去分词形式。 3．习惯表达型 习惯表达型是指一些动词约定俗成地要么用动词-ing形式，要么用过去分词作状语，不考虑与其逻辑主语之间是主动或被动关系。常见的如given(考虑到；鉴于)、supposed/supposing(假设，假定)、considering(考虑到，就……而论)、provided/providing(如果，假如)、compared with/to(与……相比)、judging from(根据……判断)、frankly speaking(坦白地说)、strictly speaking(严格地说)等。 4．一些特殊动词 除了例句中提到的measure和face以外，常见的还有devote、absorb、bury、employ、apply、lose等，这些词作状语，描述人“致力于/专注于某事”这一状态时，常用过去分词形式作状语。 [即练] 　单句填空 1．Feeling(feel) very soft，the cloth is expensive. 2．(2024·全国甲卷)My childhood is quite happy compared(compare) with hers. 3．The expense was too much，adding(add) up to more than five thousand dollars. 4．We'll hold the concert next Monday，provided/providing(provide) that the weather is good. 5．Absorbed(absorb) in their activity，these children didn't feel hungry at all. My hobby is 1.painting(paint).And I have been particularly 2.interested(interest) in the oil painting Girl with a Pearl Earring，by Dutch artist Vermeer.3.Given(give) the chance to have a trip to The Hague last year，I realised my dream to see the painting！There were lots of people.After 4.waiting(wait) for about two hours，I entered the Mauritshuis.Although my legs were 5.tired(tire) from walking around the city，I was 6.determined(determine) to see the painting，which is often called the “Mona Lisa of the North”．Nobody is sure of the identity of the girl in it.And there she was.It was 7.amazing(amaze) to be standing in front of her at last！The girl is looking over her shoulder.Her eyes are wide and her mouth is 8.parted(part)，just as if she were about to speak.I would love to know what she was going to say！9.Seeing(see) this painting，I was so 10.delighted(delight)! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$