精品解析：山东省青岛市崂山区2024-2025学年八年级下学期期末英语试题

2024-2025第二学期期末质量检测八年级英语试卷 (考试时间：100分钟 满分：90分) 本卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共五大题。第Ⅰ卷包含完形填空和阅读，共30小题；第Ⅱ卷包含短文填空、阅读表达A、B和书面表达。 第Ⅰ卷（满分40分） Ⅰ. 完形填空（每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a kid, my grandma taught me about gardening. We planted carrots, strawberries, and flowers in her backyard, and it was ____1____ fun! Over the years, gardening has made our family closer and brought many sweet ____2____. Gardening is interesting, but it isn’t always ____3____. Some mistakes, like overwatering the plants, not giving them enough sunlight, or forgetting to take care of the soil (土壤), can make me feel sad. However, I always learn from ____4____. Whenever I face difficulties, I read books and ask other gardeners for help. Day by day, I have become better at gardening. Gardening is more than just a hobby for me. We can get fresh food from the garden. The tomatoes taste better than those from the market. I ____5____ about everything else when I’m in the garden. Caring for plants, feeling the soil, and watching them ____6____ bring me peace and joy. Gardening provides me with a real way to protect the environment. We collect rain to save water, see bees visit our flowers, and improve the ____7____ of soil. It also gives us a chance to have a deep touch with wildlife and our planet. And gardening is ____8____ painting with nature. I can design (设计) the gardens I like and make a beautiful space. Every time I work in the garden, I feel like an artist! This hobby will help you become ____9____ over time. I hope you’ll try gardening! Plants need time to grow. ____10____ you start gardening, you won’t understand the magic of it. Start small, step by step, and soon you’ll see—both you and your plants will grow stronger every day! 1. A. never B. seldom C. perhaps D. always 2. A. plants B. dreams C. memories D. pressure 3. A. easy B. difficult C. nervous D. fair 4. A. it B. him C. us D. them 5. A. forget B. remember C. know D. copy 6. A. die B. grow C. play D. travel 7. A. color B. health C. size D. shape 8. A. for B. without C. like D. against 9. A. smaller B. taller C. weaker D. stronger 10. A. Although B. If C. Unless D. Where II. 阅读理解（每小题1.5分，共30分） 阅读短文，选出最佳答案。A、B、C篇为选择最佳答案，D篇为六选五。 A Do you like ice-cream? Try making some delicious ice-cream yourself! It’s not as hard as you think—you can simply make it in a bag without the need for a fridge! Steps: ①Put milk sugar and cream in a small bag. Slowly seal the bag to let air out. ②Put this bag in a second small bag and seal it again. Using two bags can keep the mix from going out. ③Take out a big bag and add ice and salt (that can make the ice cooler) to it. ④Put the small bags with the mix in the big bag and seal it. ⑤Shake and rub (揉搓) the big bag for 5 to 8 minutes. Then enjoy your ice-cream! Things you need: milk, sugar, cream, salt, ice, 2 small bags, 1 big bag. Science behind it: Milk has water. If you put the mix in the fridge, the water in the milk will turn into ice. This makes the taste of ice-cream not very good. But when you shake the milk, the water stays in the milk and mixes well with other things. So ice-cream made in this way tastes better. 11. Why do we use two small bags? A. To make the ice-cream cooler. B. To keep the mix from going out. C. To make it easier to shake and rub. D. To make the ice-cream more delicious. 12. What can help to make the ice cooler? A. Salt. B. Sugar. C. Cream. D. Milk. 13. Which picture shows the last step in making ice-cream? A. B. C. D. 14. What can you learn from “Science behind it”? A. Milk is used to make ice-cream. B. Ice-cream should be kept in the fridge. C. It takes more time to make ice-cream this way. D. Ice-cream made without the fridge tastes better than made in the fridge. 15. What’s the main idea of this passage? A. To explain why ice-cream tastes good. B. To show us the science behind making ice-cream. C. To introduce a way to make ice-cream without a fridge. D. To tell us how to choose the best food for making ice-cream. B During my childhood, my mother did something special in the evenings. Sometimes she would make clothes for us, and other times, she made cakes. But one day, she surprised us all by her words. “I’m going to call one neighbor every night.” I was 16 then and couldn’t understand why she would spend her evenings talking to people she hardly knew. One evening, I heard her conversation with an elderly lady. She asked about the lady’s dinner and even discussed the flowers in the park. When she finished the talk on the phone, I questioned her what topic she talked, finding them trivial (琐碎). With a kind smile, she explained, “I might be the only person she talked to today. So even the simplest conversations can mean a lot to her.” It wasn’t until 30 years later that I realized the true meaning of my mother’s nightly calls. The elderly often feel lonely for different reasons. As people age, they may experience the loss of friends and family members. Health problems can make it harder for the elderly to join in social activities. Retirement can also take away everyday activities that were once provided by work. The lonely feeling can be very strong for the elderly. They might feel like they are being forgotten or no longer needed. Without social communication, they may experience sadness and depression. My mother’s conversations were more than just friendly talks—they were lifelines for lonely old people. Her calls make them know more about the world outside. Her resolution and social skills in communicating were more than I could understand, and I wish I could do better. 16. What unexpected action did the writer’s mother take? A. She made clothes for her family. B. She took lessons to learn how to make cakes. C. She planned to call a different neighbor every night. D. She wanted to spend more time talking to her family. 17 What did the writer say about her mother and the elderly lady’s conversation at first? A. It covered a lot of news. B. It was about nothing important. C. It was only about nature. D. It appeared to be interesting. 18. What does the underlined word “retirement” mean in Chinese? A. 退休 B. 社团 C. 展览会 D. 声誉 19. Why did the writer introduce the living conditions of the elderly in Paragraph 3? A. To describe their lonely lives. B. To show their health problems. C. To show the skills of social communication. D. To show the importance of her mother’s nightly calls. 20. What can we infer (推断) from the writer’s words at the end of the passage? A He didn’t realize the importance of simple kindness. B. He felt sorry not to spend more time with his mother. C. He planned to continue doing what her mother did for the elderly. D. He realized the elderly need experts’ help more than conversations. C We know that humans and vertebrate animals such as dogs or cats can feel pain (疼痛). But what about small animals like insects ()? They are not vertebrate animals. Can they feel pain? New research from the University of Sydney in Australia shows that insects also experience a feeling similar to pain, even though it might not be exactly the same as what humans feel. Professor Greg Neely, one of the scientists who worked on the study, explained a common misunderstanding. It is commonly believed that insects do not feel pain. However, he pointed out that the research shows many vertebrate animals can feel and stay away from dangerous things that cause pain. That is to say insects might have a similar ability. Although we have already known that insects can react to harmful stimuli (对有害刺激做出反应)—a kind of normal feeling of pain, the important finding of this study was about what happens after being hurt. The researchers studied fruit flies(). They caused a smaller hurt to one of the flies’ legs and then allowed the leg to heal (治疗) completely. What happened next was surprising. Even after the leg was completely healed, the flies became much more sensitive (敏感) in that area. Professor Neely described what they found. The pain stayed in the memory of flies and changed their actions. Once insects are seriously hurt they will become very sensitive and try to protect themselves for the rest of their lives. This finding is important not only for understanding insects. Professor Neely hopes this research will find better ways to heal human pain. He said “Through research, we want to make new stem cell treatments (干细胞治疗法) or medicines that stop pain by solving the real cause of the pain.” By studying how the pain and long-term sensitivity of simpler animals like fruit flies well, scientists believe they can find ways to finally develop treatments that stop people’s pain completely. This research has opened up a brighter future for human medicine. 21. From the research of University of Sydney, we know ______. A. insects can feel pain B. insects don’t feel pain C. vertebrate animals can feel pain D. dogs, cats and insects are vertebrate animals 22. Scientists study fruit flies in the research because ______. A. they are easier to catch than other insects B. fruit flies are the most common insects to be studied C. they want to test what will happen after they were hurt D. they want to know if they feel the same pain as humans 23. According to Professor Neely, insects might ______ after being seriously hurt. A. forget the pain quickly B. stop reacting to bad stimuli C. lose their ability to feel danger D. become more protective of themselves 24. The real purpose (目的) of Professor Neely’s research team is to ______. A. protect insects from being hurt by humans B. show that insects feel the similar pain as humans C. develop new ways to stop human’s pain completely D. study the pain and short-term sensitivity of simpler animals 25. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Fruit flies are more sensitive to pain than other insects. B. Vertebrate animals feel pain differently from invertebrates. C. Scientists found a new kind of stem cell treatments for insects. D. Scientists’ research of fruit flies can help develop better pain treatments. D As we spend more time on touchscreens, digital devices (数码设备) are not just changing our habits, but also changing our skills, especially in kids. Chloe Han is a teacher who works with young children. She has noticed that kids’ physical abilities are getting worse because they spend too much time on screens. ____26____ But many experts are worried that too much screen time is hurting kids’ fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are the small movements we make with our hands and fingers. ___27___ Normally, children develop these skills by doing hands-on activities like playing with toys and making arts works. But now, kids often play more on screens than with their hands, leading to weaker fine motor skills. ____28____ They don’t help develop the finger movements and hand-eye coordination (协调) that hands-on play provides. Less physical playtime means that children have fewer chances to build these important skills naturally. ____29____ More children are in need of help with their fine motor skills for school and activities. Some are even hard to hold a pencil or zip up their jackets. But there’s good news. ____30____ Fun activities like drawing and building with Lego improve their hand-eye coordination. These activities also improve the skills that can help children do better during playground activities. Finding a better way between screen time and physical play helps kids develop strong fine motor skills while still enjoying the technology. A. The digital devices are expensive for kids to buy. B. The digital world can be quite fun and educational. C. Using screens needs a lot of tapping and swiping (点击和滑动). D. As a result, everyday activities are now a challenge for many young learners. E. These skills help us do everyday activities, such as buttoning shirts and tying shoes. F. Parents and teachers can help by adding screen-free playtime to kids’ everyday activities. 第Ⅱ卷（满分50分） III. 短文填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。 Xing Bin is a 47-year-old teacher in a university in Shandong province. He ____31____ (work) there for 19 years. At the end of last year, he experienced the work of a delivery rider. More than half a year later, he shared his understanding and thoughts online. It ____32____ (/kwik/) caused heated discussions. Last December, Xing Bin was so interested in the life and work of a delivery rider that he decided to be one from December ____33____ January this year. During the month, Xing Bin worked ____34____ (many) than 10 hours and took 30,000 steps a day. He ____35____ (lose) 6 kilograms and made 7,000 yuan. He made 10 yuan each hour, and 20 yuan at most. “During that month, I tasted the bitterness and the happiness of this job with ____36____ (I) heart,” Xing said. “I delivered over 2,000 orders, and three deliveries excited me a lot. One happened late at night ____37____ I sent food to a village where there were no streetlights. The couple who ordered the food were afraid that I would get lost in the middle of the night. So they used a flashlight to walk me out of ____38____ small village to the main road.” said Xing. Xing now understands the ____39____ (difficult) of delivery workers better. Two months’ work makes him realize how hard they work ____40____ (make) a living. “I will continue to try different jobs every year in the future,” he said. “I also hope that more people can understand delivery workers and show more respect toward them.” IV. 阅读表达（共20分） A What makes you happy? Maybe it’s spending time with friends, finding a new book, or just going for a walk on a warm, sunny day. Like flowers in a garden, happiness comes in all forms. It doesn’t look the same for everyone. Sports can bring people happiness. In ancient China, cuju was one of the most popular sports that was similar to modern football. Before cuju became a popular sport, it was a common game among soldiers. It is said that Emperor Taizong of Song could use all parts of his body to keep the ball in the air “all day without falling”. Most people know that books are a window to a world of learning and wisdom. The act of reading itself brings joy. The poet (诗人) once expressed his feelings towards what the joy of reading was like: It’s like the lovely green spring grass by the window; it’s like playing the guqin in the gentle summer wind; _____①_____; it’s like colorful flowers under the winter snow. The joy of reading is endless. It makes every season a perfect time to read. Lei Feng was a soldier. He always saw the happiness of others as his own. Once, on a long train journey, he helped to sweep floors, cleaned windows, found seats for the elderly and helped people with heavy bags. In his diary, Lei Feng wrote, “Working a bit harder and doing more good deeds for people is my greatest joy and happiness.” Some people can always find endless interest and happiness in everyday life. They found great happiness walking in food markets. Live chickens and ducks, juicy fruits, and fresh vegetables in a lively and crowded place, these all make them feel the joy of living. Happiness means different things to different people. You may find your own happiness in many ways. Most importantly, remember that happiness comes and goes, and it’s OK to be unhappy sometimes. 41. 根据短文内容，完成思维导图，每空不超过2个词。 ________ _______ _________ ________ ________ 42. 写出划线词汇it指代的内容。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 43. 在①处填入一个适当的句子，要求与上下文的句式一致。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 44. In your opinion, what else can bring happiness? (no more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________ B AI is used every day for business, education, and for finding common information. But sometimes AI may provide information that isn’t real—something known as an “AI hallucination (幻觉)”. AI hallucinations are just strange. For example, Satyen once asked ChatGPT to tell him the world record for crossing the English Channel “on foot”—something that’s impossible to do. But ChatGPT replied that the record was set in 2020, with a time of 14 minutes and 51 minutes. However, some AI hallucinations can cause some real problems. In 2023, two lawyers (律师) in New York were fined $5,000 because they used AI to write a report, which had fake cases (案件) that never happened. They had used ChatGPT for research, and didn’t check whether the cases it listed were real. So why does this happen? Two students of information science explain that AI is made by feeding computers with quite a lot of information. The computers then study this information to find patterns (模式). How the AI answers questions depends on those patterns. When it doesn’t have an answer or fails to know what to do, it will try to fill in the information from similar conditions, even if the resulting answer isn’t real or true. AI can be helpful for research, especially when you’re looking for ideas on where to start learning about a topic. However, it’s important to fact-check what it tells you. For example, ask where the information came from, or check the information yourself using trusted sources (来源). But in the end, it’s always important that we humans use our critical (批判性的) thinking skills, and don’t just believe that AI is always telling us the truth! 根据短文内容回答问题 45. What is an AI hallucination? _______________________________________________________________________________ 46. How did Satyen get the world record for crossing the English Channel “on foot”? _______________________________________________________________________________ 47. Why did the writer give the example of two lawyers’ use of AI? _______________________________________________________________________________ 48. From which sentence can we see the importance of patterns? _______________________________________________________________________________ 49. How can you stay away from mistakes when you use AI? _______________________________________________________________________________ V. 书面表达（共15分） 50. 地球是我家，环保靠大家。请写一篇80~100词的英语短文，介绍三条保护环境的具体做法，并说明原因。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025第二学期期末质量检测八年级英语试卷 (考试时间：100分钟 满分：90分) 本卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共五大题。第Ⅰ卷包含完形填空和阅读，共30小题；第Ⅱ卷包含短文填空、阅读表达A、B和书面表达。 第Ⅰ卷（满分40分） Ⅰ. 完形填空（每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a kid, my grandma taught me about gardening. We planted carrots, strawberries, and flowers in her backyard, and it was ____1____ fun! Over the years, gardening has made our family closer and brought many sweet ____2____. Gardening is interesting, but it isn’t always ____3____. Some mistakes, like overwatering the plants, not giving them enough sunlight, or forgetting to take care of the soil (土壤), can make me feel sad. However, I always learn from ____4____. Whenever I face difficulties, I read books and ask other gardeners for help. Day by day, I have become better at gardening. Gardening is more than just a hobby for me. We can get fresh food from the garden. The tomatoes taste better than those from the market. I ____5____ about everything else when I’m in the garden. Caring for plants, feeling the soil, and watching them ____6____ bring me peace and joy. Gardening provides me with a real way to protect the environment. We collect rain to save water, see bees visit our flowers, and improve the ____7____ of soil. It also gives us a chance to have a deep touch with wildlife and our planet. And gardening is ____8____ painting with nature. I can design (设计) the gardens I like and make a beautiful space. Every time I work in the garden, I feel like an artist! This hobby will help you become ____9____ over time. I hope you’ll try gardening! Plants need time to grow. ____10____ you start gardening, you won’t understand the magic of it. Start small, step by step, and soon you’ll see—both you and your plants will grow stronger every day! 1. A. never B. seldom C. perhaps D. always 2. A. plants B. dreams C. memories D. pressure 3. A. easy B. difficult C. nervous D. fair 4. A. it B. him C. us D. them 5. A. forget B. remember C. know D. copy 6. A. die B. grow C. play D. travel 7 A. color B. health C. size D. shape 8. A. for B. without C. like D. against 9. A. smaller B. taller C. weaker D. stronger 10. A. Although B. If C. Unless D. Where 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文作者讲述了小时候奶奶教自己园艺的经历，园艺不仅让家人关系更亲密，也带来美好回忆，虽然过程有困难但能从中学到东西。园艺对作者而言意义非凡，能收获新鲜食物、带来内心宁静与快乐、有助于保护环境、亲近自然和野生动物，还能像进行艺术创作一样设计花园。最后作者鼓励大家尝试园艺，相信随着时间推移，人会在这个过程中变得更强大。 【1题详解】 句意：我们在她的后院种植胡萝卜、草莓和花卉，那总是充满乐趣！ never从不；seldom很少；perhaps也许；always总是。根据“We planted carrots, strawberries, and flowers in her backyard, and it was...fun!”可知，这个过程“总是”充满乐趣，此处选always。故选D。 【2题详解】 句意：多年来，园艺让我们的家庭关系更亲密，带来了许多美好的回忆。 plants植物；dreams梦想；memories回忆；pressure压力。根据“Over the years, gardening has made our family closer”以及常识，和家人一起园艺的经历会留下很多“回忆”，此处选memories。故选C。 【3题详解】 句意：园艺很有趣，但并不总是容易的。 easy容易的；difficult困难的；nervous紧张的；fair公平的。根据后文提到的一些错误情况“Some mistakes, like overwatering the plants...”可知，园艺并非一直“容易”，此处选easy。故选A。 【4题详解】 句意：然而，我总是从这些错误中学到东西。 it它；him他；us我们；them它们。根据“However, I always learn from...”可知，这里用“them”指代前文提到的“Some mistakes”。故选D。 【5题详解】 句意：当我在花园里时，我会忘记其他一切。 forget忘记；remember记得；know知道；copy复制。根据后文“Caring for plants, feeling the soil, and watching them...bring me peace and joy.”可知，在花园里专注于植物时会“忘记”其他事情，此处选forget。故选A。 【6题详解】 句意：照料植物、感受土壤以及看着它们生长给我带来平静和喜悦。 die死亡；grow生长；play玩耍；travel旅行。根据“Caring for plants, feeling the soil, and watching them...bring me peace and joy.”可知，在花园里看着植物“生长”是一种很自然的体验且能带来快乐，此处选grow。故选B。 【7题详解】 句意：我们收集雨水来节约用水，看到蜜蜂来拜访我们的花朵，并改善土壤的健康状况。 color颜色；health健康；size尺寸；shape形状。根据“We collect rain to save water, see bees visit our flowers, and improve the...of soil.”可知，这些做法有助于改善土壤的“健康”，此处选health。故选B。 【8题详解】 句意：而且园艺就像用大自然作画。 for为了；without没有；like像；against反对。根据“And gardening is...painting with nature.”可知，“like”在这里表示“像”，形象地说明了园艺和用大自然作画的相似性，此处选like。故选C。 【9题详解】 句意：随着时间的推移，这个爱好会帮助你变得更强大。 smaller更小；taller更高；weaker更弱；stronger更强。根据“This hobby will help you become...over time.”和前文作者在园艺中不断学习以及整体对园艺积极作用的描述可知，这个爱好能让人变得“更强大”，此处选stronger。表达了园艺对个人成长的积极影响。故选D。 【10题详解】 句意：除非你开始园艺，否则你不会理解它的魔力。 Although虽然；If如果；Unless除非；Where哪里。根据“...you start gardening, you won’t understand the magic of it.”可知，“Unless”引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”，符合语境，即只有开始园艺才会理解其魔力。故选C。 II. 阅读理解（每小题1.5分，共30分） 阅读短文，选出最佳答案。A、B、C篇为选择最佳答案，D篇为六选五。 A Do you like ice-cream? Try making some delicious ice-cream yourself! It’s not as hard as you think—you can simply make it in a bag without the need for a fridge! Steps: ①Put milk, sugar and cream in a small bag. Slowly seal the bag to let air out. ②Put this bag in a second small bag and seal it again. Using two bags can keep the mix from going out. ③Take out a big bag and add ice and salt (that can make the ice cooler) to it. ④Put the small bags with the mix in the big bag and seal it. ⑤Shake and rub (揉搓) the big bag for 5 to 8 minutes. Then enjoy your ice-cream! Things you need: milk, sugar, cream, salt, ice, 2 small bags, 1 big bag. Science behind it: Milk has water. If you put the mix in the fridge, the water in the milk will turn into ice. This makes the taste of ice-cream not very good. But when you shake the milk, the water stays in the milk and mixes well with other things. So ice-cream made in this way tastes better. 11. Why do we use two small bags? A. To make the ice-cream cooler. B. To keep the mix from going out. C. To make it easier to shake and rub. D. To make the ice-cream more delicious. 12. What can help to make the ice cooler? A. Salt. B. Sugar. C. Cream. D. Milk. 13 Which picture shows the last step in making ice-cream? A. B. C. D. 14. What can you learn from “Science behind it”? A. Milk is used to make ice-cream. B. Ice-cream should be kept in the fridge. C. It takes more time to make ice-cream this way. D. Ice-cream made without the fridge tastes better than made in the fridge. 15. What’s the main idea of this passage? A. To explain why ice-cream tastes good. B. To show us the science behind making ice-cream. C. To introduce a way to make ice-cream without a fridge. D. To tell us how to choose the best food for making ice-cream. 【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕不用冰箱制作冰淇淋这一主题，详细介绍了制作冰淇淋的步骤、所需材料以及背后的科学原理。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Using two bags can keep the mix from going out.”可知，使用两个小袋子是为了防止混合物漏出，故选B。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Take out a big bag and add ice and salt (that can make the ice cooler) to it.”可知，盐能使冰更冷，故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Shake and rub (揉搓) the big bag for 5 to 8 minutes. Then enjoy your ice-cream!”可知，最后一步是享受美味的冰淇淋，选项C的图片符合，故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Milk has water. If you put the mix in the fridge, the water in the milk will turn into ice. This makes the taste of ice-cream not very good. But when you shake the milk, the water stays in the milk and mixes well with other things. So ice-cream made in this way tastes better.”可知，不使用冰箱制作的冰淇淋比放在冰箱里制作的味道更好，故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“It’s not as hard as you think—you can simply make it in a bag without the need for a fridge!”以及后文详细的制作步骤可知，文章主要介绍了一种不用冰箱制作冰淇淋的方法，故选C。 B During my childhood, my mother did something special in the evenings. Sometimes she would make clothes for us, and other times, she made cakes. But one day, she surprised us all by her words. “I’m going to call one neighbor every night.” I was 16 then and couldn’t understand why she would spend her evenings talking to people she hardly knew. One evening, I heard her conversation with an elderly lady. She asked about the lady’s dinner and even discussed the flowers in the park. When she finished the talk on the phone, I questioned her what topic she talked, finding them trivial (琐碎). With a kind smile, she explained, “I might be the only person she talked to today. So even the simplest conversations can mean a lot to her.” It wasn’t until 30 years later that I realized the true meaning of my mother’s nightly calls. The elderly often feel lonely for different reasons. As people age, they may experience the loss of friends and family members. Health problems can make it harder for the elderly to join in social activities. Retirement can also take away everyday activities that were once provided by work. The lonely feeling can be very strong for the elderly. They might feel like they are being forgotten or no longer needed. Without social communication, they may experience sadness and depression. My mother’s conversations were more than just friendly talks—they were lifelines for lonely old people. Her calls make them know more about the world outside. Her resolution and social skills in communicating were more than I could understand and I wish I could do better. 16. What unexpected action did the writer’s mother take? A. She made clothes for her family. B. She took lessons to learn how to make cakes. C. She planned to call a different neighbor every night. D. She wanted to spend more time talking to her family. 17. What did the writer say about her mother and the elderly lady’s conversation at first? A. It covered a lot of news. B. It was about nothing important. C. It was only about nature. D. It appeared to be interesting. 18. What does the underlined word “retirement” mean in Chinese? A. 退休 B. 社团 C. 展览会 D. 声誉 19. Why did the writer introduce the living conditions of the elderly in Paragraph 3? A. To describe their lonely lives. B. To show their health problems. C. To show the skills of social communication. D. To show the importance of her mother’s nightly calls. 20. What can we infer (推断) from the writer’s words at the end of the passage? A. He didn’t realize the importance of simple kindness. B. He felt sorry not to spend more time with his mother. C. He planned to continue doing what her mother did for the elderly. D. He realized the elderly need experts’ help more than conversations. 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的母亲每晚给不同邻居打电话的事情。起初作者不理解母亲的行为，认为这些对话琐碎。多年后作者意识到老年人因多种原因常感到孤独，母亲的电话对这些孤独的老人来说意义重大，就像生命线一样。作者最后表示希望自己能做得更好。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据“I’m going to call one neighbor every night.”可知，作者母亲采取的意外行动是计划每晚给一个不同的邻居打电话，故选C。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据“When she finished the talk on the phone, I questioned her what topic she talked, finding them trivial (琐碎).”可知，作者起初认为母亲和老太太的谈话都是些不重要的事，故选B。 【18题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“Retirement can also take away everyday activities that were once provided by work.”可知，“Retirement”指的是工作结束后不再有工作提供日常活动，即“退休”，故选A。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。文章第三段介绍老年人因为各种原因感到孤独，第四段提到母亲的电话对孤独老人的意义，所以介绍老年人的生活状况是为了说明母亲每晚打电话的重要性，故选D。 【20题详解】 推理判断题。根据“I wish I could do better.”可推断，作者计划继续做母亲为老年人做的事，故选C。 C We know that humans and vertebrate animals such as dogs or cats can feel pain (疼痛). But what about small animals like insects ()? They are not vertebrate animals. Can they feel pain? New research from the University of Sydney in Australia shows that insects also experience a feeling similar to pain, even though it might not be exactly the same as what humans feel. Professor Greg Neely, one of the scientists who worked on the study, explained a common misunderstanding. It is commonly believed that insects do not feel pain. However, he pointed out that the research shows many vertebrate animals can feel and stay away from dangerous things that cause pain. That is to say insects might have a similar ability. Although we have already known that insects can react to harmful stimuli (对有害刺激做出反应)—a kind of normal feeling of pain, the important finding of this study was about what happens after being hurt. The researchers studied fruit flies(). They caused a smaller hurt to one of the flies’ legs and then allowed the leg to heal (治疗) completely. What happened next was surprising. Even after the leg was completely healed, the flies became much more sensitive (敏感) in that area. Professor Neely described what they found. The pain stayed in the memory of flies and changed their actions. Once insects are seriously hurt, they will become very sensitive and try to protect themselves for the rest of their lives. This finding is important not only for understanding insects. Professor Neely hopes this research will find better ways to heal human pain. He said, “Through research, we want to make new stem cell treatments (干细胞治疗法) or medicines that stop pain by solving the real cause of the pain.” By studying how the pain and long-term sensitivity of simpler animals like fruit flies well, scientists believe they can find ways to finally develop treatments that stop people’s pain completely. This research has opened up a brighter future for human medicine. 21. From the research of University of Sydney, we know ______. A. insects can feel pain B. insects don’t feel pain C vertebrate animals can feel pain D. dogs, cats and insects are vertebrate animals 22. Scientists study fruit flies in the research because ______. A. they are easier to catch than other insects B. fruit flies are the most common insects to be studied C. they want to test what will happen after they were hurt D. they want to know if they feel the same pain as humans 23. According to Professor Neely, insects might ______ after being seriously hurt. A. forget the pain quickly B. stop reacting to bad stimuli C. lose their ability to feel danger D. become more protective of themselves 24. The real purpose (目的) of Professor Neely’s research team is to ______. A. protect insects from being hurt by humans B. show that insects feel the similar pain as humans C. develop new ways to stop human’s pain completely D study the pain and short-term sensitivity of simpler animals 25. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Fruit flies are more sensitive to pain than other insects. B. Vertebrate animals feel pain differently from invertebrates. C. Scientists found a new kind of stem cell treatments for insects. D. Scientists’ research of fruit flies can help develop better pain treatments. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍澳大利亚悉尼大学的研究发现：昆虫也能感知类似疼痛的感觉，这一发现有助于将来开发更好的止痛疗法。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“New research from the University of Sydney in Australia shows that insects also experience a feeling similar to pain”可知，悉尼大学的新研究发现昆虫也会感受到类似疼痛的感觉。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers studied fruit flies…Even after the leg was completely healed, the flies became much more sensitive”可知，科学家研究果蝇是为了测试它们受伤后的反应。故选C。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Once insects are seriously hurt, they will become very sensitive and try to protect themselves for the rest of their lives”可知，受过重伤的昆虫会变得更加敏感，并会尽量保护自己。故选D。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“we want to make new stem cell treatments or medicines that stop pain by solving the real cause of the pain”可知，研究团队的最终目的是为了找到解决人类疼痛的新方法。故选C。 【25题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“this research has opened up a brighter future for human medicine”以及通读全文可知，科学家通过研究果蝇，发现其对疼痛的记忆机制，希望以此开发更好的止痛疗法。故选D。 D As we spend more time on touchscreens, digital devices (数码设备) are not just changing our habits, but also changing our skills, especially in kids. Chloe Han is a teacher who works with young children. She has noticed that kids’ physical abilities are getting worse because they spend too much time on screens. ____26____ But many experts are worried that too much screen time is hurting kids’ fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are the small movements we make with our hands and fingers. ___27___ Normally, children develop these skills by doing hands-on activities like playing with toys and making arts works. But now, kids often play more on screens than with their hands, leading to weaker fine motor skills. ____28____ They don’t help develop the finger movements and hand-eye coordination (协调) that hands-on play provides. Less physical playtime means that children have fewer chances to build these important skills naturally. ____29____ More children are in need of help with their fine motor skills for school and activities. Some are even hard to hold a pencil or zip up their jackets. But there’s good news. ____30____ Fun activities like drawing and building with Lego improve their hand-eye coordination. These activities also improve the skills that can help children do better during playground activities. Finding a better way between screen time and physical play helps kids develop strong fine motor skills while still enjoying the technology. A. The digital devices are expensive for kids to buy. B. The digital world can be quite fun and educational. C. Using screens needs a lot of tapping and swiping (点击和滑动). D. As a result, everyday activities are now a challenge for many young learners. E. These skills help us do everyday activities, such as buttoning shirts and tying shoes. F. Parents and teachers can help by adding screen-free playtime to kids’ everyday activities. 【答案】26. B 27. E 28. C 29. D 30. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数码设备对儿童精细运动技能的影响，以及如何通过减少屏幕时间和增加动手活动来帮助儿童发展这些技能。 【26题详解】 根据“But many experts are worried that too much screen time is hurting kids’ fine motor skills.”可推知，此处需要一个转折句，说明数码设备虽然有趣且具有教育意义，但过度使用会对孩子产生负面影响，选项B“数字世界很有趣，也很有教育意义。”符合语境。故选B。 【27题详解】 根据“Fine motor skills are the small movements we make with our hands and fingers.”可推知，此处需要补充说明这些技能的具体用途，选项E“这些技能帮助我们完成日常活动，比如扣衬衫扣子和系鞋带。”符合语境。故选E。 【28题详解】 根据“They don’t help develop the finger movements and hand-eye coordination (协调) that hands-on play provides.”可推知，此处需要说明屏幕活动的局限性，选项C“使用屏幕需要大量的点击和滑动。”符合语境。故选C。 【29题详解】 根据“More children are in need of help with their fine motor skills for school and activities. Some are even hard to hold a pencil or zip up their jackets.”可推知，此处需要说明这种技能不足的后果，选项D“因此，日常活动现在对许多年轻学习者来说是一个挑战。”符合语境。故选D。 【30题详解】 根据“Fun activities like drawing and building with Lego improve their hand-eye coordination.”可推知，此处需要提出解决方案，选项F“家长和老师可以通过在孩子的日常活动中增加无屏幕游戏时间来帮助他们。”符合语境。故选F。 第Ⅱ卷（满分50分） III. 短文填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。 Xing Bin is a 47-year-old teacher in a university in Shandong province. He ____31____ (work) there for 19 years. At the end of last year, he experienced the work of a delivery rider. More than half a year later, he shared his understanding and thoughts online. It ____32____ (/kwik/) caused heated discussions. Last December, Xing Bin was so interested in the life and work of a delivery rider that he decided to be one from December ____33____ January this year. During the month, Xing Bin worked ____34____ (many) than 10 hours and took 30,000 steps a day. He ____35____ (lose) 6 kilograms and made 7,000 yuan. He made 10 yuan each hour, and 20 yuan at most. “During that month, I tasted the bitterness and the happiness of this job with ____36____ (I) heart,” Xing said. “I delivered over 2,000 orders, and three deliveries excited me a lot. One happened late at night ____37____ I sent food to a village where there were no streetlights. The couple who ordered the food were afraid that I would get lost in the middle of the night. So they used a flashlight to walk me out of ____38____ small village to the main road.” said Xing. Xing now understands the ____39____ (difficult) of delivery workers better. Two months’ work makes him realize how hard they work ____40____ (make) a living. “I will continue to try different jobs every year in the future,” he said. “I also hope that more people can understand delivery workers and show more respect toward them.” 【答案】31. has worked 32. quickly 33. to 34. more 35. lost 36. my 37. when 38. the 39. difficulties 40. to make 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了47岁的教师邢斌在去年底体验了送餐员的工作，之后分享了自己的理解和想法。 【31题详解】 句意：他在那里工作了19年。根据“for 19 years”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，work的过去分词是worked。故填has worked。 【32题详解】 句意：它很快引起了热烈的讨论。根据音标“/kwik/”可知，对应的单词是quick，此处需要副词修饰动词“caused”，quick的副词形式是quickly。故填quickly。 【33题详解】 句意：去年12月，邢斌对外卖骑手的生活和工作非常感兴趣，于是他决定从12月到今年1月做一名外卖骑手。from...to...是固定短语，意为“从……到……”，符合语境。故填to。 【34题详解】 句意：在这个月里，邢斌每天工作超过10个小时，走3万步。more than是固定短语，意为“超过，多于”，符合语境。故填more。 【35题详解】 句意：他瘦了6公斤，赚了7000元。根据上下文可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，lose的过去式是lost。故填lost。 【36题详解】 句意：邢斌说：“在那个月里，我用心体会到了这份工作的酸甜苦辣。” with one’s heart意为“用心”，此处应用I的形容词性物主代词my。故填my。 【37题详解】 句意：有一次是在深夜，我给一个没有路灯的村子送外卖。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词是“One”（指代一件事），关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when。故填when。 【38题详解】 句意：所以他们用手电筒送我走出这个小村庄，到了主干道。此处特指上文提到的“a village”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 【39题详解】 句意：邢斌现在更能理解外卖员的难处了。“the”后接名词，difficult的名词形式是difficulty，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式difficulties。故填difficulties。 【40题详解】 句意：两个月的工作让他意识到他们为了谋生多么努力地工作。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，to make a living意为“为了谋生”。故填to make。 IV. 阅读表达（共20分） A What makes you happy? Maybe it’s spending time with friends, finding a new book, or just going for a walk on a warm, sunny day. Like flowers in a garden, happiness comes in all forms. It doesn’t look the same for everyone. Sports can bring people happiness. In ancient China, cuju was one of the most popular sports that was similar to modern football. Before cuju became a popular sport, it was a common game among soldiers. It is said that Emperor Taizong of Song could use all parts of his body to keep the ball in the air “all day without falling”. Most people know that books are a window to a world of learning and wisdom. The act of reading itself brings joy. The poet (诗人) once expressed his feelings towards what the joy of reading was like: It’s like the lovely green spring grass by the window; it’s like playing the guqin in the gentle summer wind; _____①_____; it’s like colorful flowers under the winter snow. The joy of reading is endless. It makes every season a perfect time to read. Lei Feng was a soldier. He always saw the happiness of others as his own. Once, on a long train journey, he helped to sweep floors, cleaned windows, found seats for the elderly and helped people with heavy bags. In his diary, Lei Feng wrote, “Working a bit harder and doing more good deeds for people is my greatest joy and happiness.” Some people can always find endless interest and happiness in everyday life. They found great happiness walking in food markets. Live chickens and ducks, juicy fruits, and fresh vegetables in a lively and crowded place, these all make them feel the joy of living. Happiness means different things to different people. You may find your own happiness in many ways. Most importantly, remember that happiness comes and goes, and it’s OK to be unhappy sometimes. 41. 根据短文内容，完成思维导图，每空不超过2个词。 ________ _______ _________ ________ ________ 42. 写出划线词汇it指代的内容。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 43. 在①处填入一个适当的句子，要求与上下文的句式一致。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 44. In your opinion, what else can bring happiness? (no more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】41. ①. finding ②. sports ③. reading ④. helping others ⑤. food markets 42. cuju 43. it’s like picking persimmons in the golden autumn sunlight 44. Watching sunrise, hearing birds sing and smelling rain. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要通过列举运动、阅读等事例，介绍了幸福的多样性，因人而异。 【41题详解】 (1)根据文章最后一段“You may find your own happiness in many ways. Most importantly”可知文章介绍了找到自己幸福的多种方法，“找到”find，of后加动名词，故填finding。(2)根据第二段“Sports can bring people happiness. In ancient China cuju...”可知，以蹴鞠的例子说明运动带来幸福，sports“运动”，故填sports。(3)根据第三段“The act of reading itself brings joy. The poet (诗人) once expressed his feelings towards...”可知，以诗歌阅读的例子说明阅读带来幸福，reading“阅读”，故填reading。(4)根据第四段“Lei Feng was a soldier. He always saw the happiness of others as his own. Once, on a long train journey, he helped to sweep floors, cleaned windows, found seats for the elderly and helped people with heavy bags.”可知，以雷锋的例子说明帮助他人带来幸福，help others“帮助他人”，in后加动名词，故填helping others。(4)根据第五段“Some people can always find endless interest and happiness in everyday life. They found great happiness walking in food markets.”可知，以食品市场的例子说明日常活动带来幸福，food markets“食品市场”，故填food markets。故填finding；sport；reading；helping others；food markets。 【42题详解】 根据“Before cuju became a popular sport, it was a common game among soldiers.”可知，在蹴鞠成为一项流行运动之前，它是士兵之间的一种常见游戏。因此it指代“蹴鞠”，故填cuju。 【43题详解】 根据“It’s like the lovely green spring grass by the window; it’s like playing the guqin in the gentle summer wind; ...; it’s like colorful flowers under the winter snow.”可知，句型结构“it’s like+意象/动作+季节氛围”，且四句按照spring→summer→autumn→winter的顺序。空处应与“autumn”相关，故填it’s like picking persimmons in the golden autumn sunlight。 【44题详解】 本题答案不唯一，言之有理即可。内容积极，不与原文例子重复。故填Watching sunrise, hearing birds sing and smelling rain. B AI is used every day for business, education, and for finding common information. But sometimes AI may provide information that isn’t real—something known as an “AI hallucination (幻觉)”. AI hallucinations are just strange. For example, Satyen once asked ChatGPT to tell him the world record for crossing the English Channel “on foot”—something that’s impossible to do. But ChatGPT replied that the record was set in 2020, with a time of 14 minutes and 51 minutes. However, some AI hallucinations can cause some real problems. In 2023, two lawyers (律师) in New York were fined $5,000 because they used AI to write a report, which had fake cases (案件) that never happened. They had used ChatGPT for research, and didn’t check whether the cases it listed were real. So why does this happen? Two students of information science explain that AI is made by feeding computers with quite a lot of information. The computers then study this information to find patterns (模式). How the AI answers questions depends on those patterns. When it doesn’t have an answer or fails to know what to do, it will try to fill in the information from similar conditions, even if the resulting answer isn’t real or true. AI can be helpful for research, especially when you’re looking for ideas on where to start learning about a topic. However, it’s important to fact-check what it tells you. For example, ask where the information came from, or check the information yourself using trusted sources (来源). But in the end, it’s always important that we humans use our critical (批判性的) thinking skills, and don’t just believe that AI is always telling us the truth! 根据短文内容回答问题 45. What is an AI hallucination? _______________________________________________________________________________ 46. How did Satyen get the world record for crossing the English Channel “on foot”? _______________________________________________________________________________ 47. Why did the writer give the example of two lawyers’ use of AI? _______________________________________________________________________________ 48. From which sentence can we see the importance of patterns? _______________________________________________________________________________ 49. How can you stay away from mistakes when you use AI? _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】45. An AI hallucination is when AI provides information that isn’t real. 46. Satyen got the world record by asking ChatGPT. 47. To show that AI hallucinations can cause real problems. 48. How the AI answers questions depends on those patterns. 49. By fact-checking information with trusted sources and using critical thinking skills. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了AI幻觉现象及其潜在问题，并解释了其成因和应对方法。 【45题详解】 根据“But sometimes AI may provide information that isn’t real—something known as an ‘AI hallucination (幻觉)’.”可推知，AI幻觉是指AI提供不真实的信息。故填An AI hallucination is when AI provides information that isn’t real. 【46题详解】 根据“Satyen once asked ChatGPT to tell him the world record for crossing the English Channel ‘on foot’—something that’s impossible to do. But ChatGPT replied that the record was set in 2020, with a time of 14 minutes and 51 minutes.”可推知，Satyen通过询问ChatGPT得到了一个虚假的纪录。故填Satyen got the world record by asking ChatGPT. 【47题详解】 根据“However, some AI hallucinations can cause some real problems…”和律师因使用AI生成虚假案例被罚款的例子可推知，作者举此例是为了说明AI幻觉可能引发实际问题。故填To show that AI hallucinations can cause real problems. 【48题详解】 根据“How the AI answers questions depends on those patterns.”可知，AI的回答依赖于数据模型。故填How the AI answers questions depends on those patterns. 【49题详解】 根据“it’s important to fact-check what it tells you. For example, ask where the information came from, or check the information yourself using trusted sources (来源).”以及“But in the end, it’s always important that we humans use our critical (批判性的) thinking skills, and don’t just believe that AI is always telling us the truth!”可知，避免错误的方法是核实信息并运用批判性思维。故填By fact-checking information with trusted sources and using critical thinking skills. V. 书面表达（共15分） 50. 地球是我家，环保靠大家。请写一篇80~100词的英语短文，介绍三条保护环境的具体做法，并说明原因。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Protecting Our Earth Home Earth is our home, and everyone should help protect it. Here are three ways we can make a difference. First, save water. Always turn off taps tightly after use. Water is precious and not endless, so wasting it hurts our planet. Second, use reusable bags. Instead of plastic bags when shopping, bring cloth bags. Plastic causes pollution and harms animals. Using reusable bags reduces plastic waste. Third, plant more trees. Trees clean the air we breathe and provide homes for birds. We can plant trees in parks or our yards. If everyone does these simple things, our Earth will be a cleaner and healthier home for all. 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：根据题干进行写作，注意字母大小写以及标点符号。 [写作步骤] 第一步、开篇点题，引出话题； 第二步、介绍三条保护环境的具体做法，并说明原因； 第三步、书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①make a difference有影响 ②turn off关掉 ③instead of而不是；代替 [高分句型] ①If everyone does these simple things, our Earth will be a cleaner and healthier home for all.(if引导条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$