内容正文:
第07讲 情态动词
目录
01 1
02 体系构建·思维可视 2
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 2
考点一 情态动词的基本用法 2
知识点 常见情态动词的基本用法 2
考向 情态动词的基本含义辨析 6
考点二 “情态动词+have done”的用法 6
知识点 “情态动词+have done”的用法 6
考向 “情态动词+have done”的用法 7
04 真题溯源·考向感知 8
考点要求
考察形式
2025年
2024年
2023年
情态动词
选择题
非选择题
3月,4,need’t
3月,8,would
6月,2,need’t
考情分析:
高考天津卷通过语境考查考生对情态动词的掌握情况,主要考查考生在不同语境下对情态动词的基本用法和表推测用法的具体理解。考生要在语言实践中、在具体语境中体会并掌握情态动词的基本用法和特殊用法,特别是表推测的用法。
复习目标:
1. 掌握常见情态动词的基本用法;
2. 掌握“情态动词+have done”的用法。
考点一 情态动词的基本用法
知识点 常见情态动词的基本用法
情态动词
用法
示例
can/could
能,会 (表示能力,can 表现在,could 表过去)
She can speak French very well. 她法语讲得很好。
I could read when I was three. 我 3 岁时就识字了。
可能会 (表示把握较大的推测,多用于疑问句和否定句)
—Can the news be true? 消息会是真的吗?
—No, it can't be true. 不,这不可能是真的。
Anybody can make mistakes. 人人都可能会犯错误。
可以 (表示请求或许可,could 语气更委婉,回答用 can 或 can't)
—Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
—Yes, you can. 是的,你可以。
You can borrow two books at a time from the library. 你一次可以从图书馆借两本书。
may/might
可能,或许,大概 (表示把握不大的推测,一般不用于疑问句)
One may live a hundred years, but cannot live three hundred. 人可能会活到 100 岁,但活不到 300 岁。
可以 (表示请求或许可,疑问句的肯定回答用can, 否定回答用 mustn't/ can't/ had better not)
You may take the book home. 你可以把这本书带回家。
—May I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
—Yes, you can./No, you can't. 是的,你可以。/ 不,你不能。
may + 主语 + 谓语 (表示祝愿)
May our friendship live long. 愿我们的友谊长存。
will/would
表示意愿 (will 表现在,would 表过去)
I won't let you down. 我决不会让你失望。
表示事物的某种性质和倾向,或按照规律“会,注定会……”
Oil will float on water. 油会浮在水面上。
总是,习惯于 (表示习惯或倾向,带有主观性,will 表现在,would 表过去)
Every night, she would sit by the window, deep in thought. 每天晚上,她都会坐在窗前,陷入沉思。
shall
用于第一、第三人称的疑问句,表示征求对方的意见或请求指示
Shall we meet in the evening? 咱们晚上见好吗?
用于第二、第三人称的陈述句,表示允诺、规定、命令、警告等
You shall have a new computer if you do well in the exam. 如果你考试考得好,你将得到一台新电脑。(允诺)
There shall be no talking during the test. 考试过程中不允许交谈。(规定)
You shall leave at once! 你必须马上离开!(命令)
You shall not smoke. 不准抽烟。(警告)
should
表示劝告、建议或义务、责任
You should do it because you have promised to. 你应该做,因为你答应做的。
表示惊讶、疑惑、欣喜、失望等情感,意为 “竟然”
I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我不知道为什么你竟然认为这件事是我做的。
must
必须 (表示义务、命令,语气强烈,否定形式为 mustn't, 意为 “不准,禁止”; 用于一般疑问句,否定回答用 needn't 或 don't have to)
She must do it herself. I shan't help her. 她必须自己做,我不会帮她的。
—Must I hand in homework today? 我今天必须交作业吗?
—No, you needn't/don't have to. 不,你不必。
一定,必然 (表示有把握的肯定推测,表示否定推测用 can't)
Winter must be followed by spring. 冬天过后一定是春天。
偏要,非得
Must you play the piano when everybody else is sleeping? 别人都在睡觉,你非得弹钢琴吗?
need
需要
(needn’t = don’t have to 不需要,不必)
I needn’t/don’t have to worry about my weekend. 我没有必要担心我的周末。
dare
敢于
I wondered if you dared finish the task alone. 我想知道你是否敢独自完成这个任务。
cannot but do sth.
不得不,只好做某事
I cannot but choose to go. 我只好选择去。
can't help doing sth.
= can't help but do sth.
忍不住做某事
I can’t help thinking about the past. 我不禁回想起过去。
She couldn’t help but wonder what he was doing. 她不禁琢磨着他在做些什么。
may well
可能
He may well be right. 他很可能是对的。
may as well
不如
We may as well stay where we are. 我们不如待在原地。
can not (或never等否定词) + enough/ too/too much
再……也不为过
We can’t thank you too much. 我们再怎么感谢你都不为过。
考向 情态动词的基本含义辨析
例1(2025·天津·一模)My iPad______ start this morning. There must have been something wrong with it.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:我的iPad今天早上无法启动。一定是出了什么问题。A. shouldn’t不应该;B. mustn’t禁止;C. needn’t不需要;D. wouldn’t不会。由于设备出现了故障导致无法正常启动,因此选用表示“不会”含义的wouldn’t最为恰当。故选D项。
例2(2024·天津河北·一模)—The test is very important to us. Do you think so?
—Yes, so we ________ be too careful during the test.
A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:——考试对我们来说非常重要。你认为是吗?——是的,所以我们在考试时再认真都不为过。A.must't禁止;B.daren't不敢; C.neednt不必;D.can't不能。分析结构可知这向话使用“can't be too+形容词”的句型,意为“再……都不为过”。故选D。
考点二 “情态动词+have done”的用法
知识点 “情态动词+have done”的用法
类别
情态动词
含义
(表示对过去情况的推测)
must have done
一定做过某事
can’t have done
不可能/一定没做过某事
can/could/may/might have done
可能做过某事
could/may/might not have done
可能没做过某事
虚拟语气,表示“本……(但实际情况正相反)”
should/ought to have done
should not/ought not to have done
本该做(但实际没做)
本不该做(但实际做了)
could have done
could not have done
本能做(但实际没做)
本不能做(但实际做了)
need have done
need not have done
本需要做(但实际没做)
本不必做(但实际做了)
would have done
would not have done
本想做(但实际没做)
本不想做(但实际做了)
考向 “情态动词+have done”的用法
例1(2025·天津河东·二模)My sister met Jim at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ______ have attended your lecture.
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:我姐姐昨天下午在大剧院遇见了吉姆,所以他不可能参加了你的讲座。A. couldn’t不能; B. shouldn’t不应该; C. needn’t 不必;D. mustn’t禁止。由句意和My sister met Jim at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon可知,这里考查couldn’t have done,表示对过去事情的否定推测,意为“不可能做过某事”。故选A项。
例2(2023·天津和平·一模)You ________so slowly. I just needed a few seconds to get used to your voice.
A.shouldn’t speak B.couldn’t have spoken
C.don’t have to D.needn’t have spoken
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:你没有必要说得那么慢。我只需要几秒钟就能习惯你的声音。A. shouldn’t speak不应该说;B. couldn’t have spoken不能说;C. don’t have to不必;D. needn’t have spoken没有必要说。结合语意,我只需要很短的时间就能习惯你的声音,所以你没有必要说得那么慢。故选D项。
—Why was John absent from the important exam yesterday?
—He ______ the alarm clock. I saw him rushing into the classroom at 8:35, five minutes late.
A. mustn’t have heard B. couldn’t have heard
C. should have heard D. may have heard
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:——约翰昨天为什么缺席了重要考试?——他可能没听到闹钟。我8:35看见他冲进教室,迟到了五分钟。A选项mustn’t只表示禁止,不表示推测;B. couldn’t have heard可能没听到;C. should have heard本该听到;D. may have heard可能听到了。结合语境,他可能没听到。故选B项。
1.(2023·天津·高考真题)We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us.
A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我们不必为细节而烦恼,因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止;B. daren’t不敢;C. needn’t不必;D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知,因为我们队友会全力帮助我们,所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。
2.(2021·天津·高考真题)---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A.may have made
B.should have made
C.couldn't have made
D.needn't have made
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意:—老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。—唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A. may have made 可能;B. should have made本应该做;C. couldn't have made不可能做;D. needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,故选A。
3.(2021·天津·高考真题)It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A.need B.should C.could D.must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要;B. should 应该,理应如此; C. could 可能,表示对客观可能性的推测;D. must 一定,必须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
4.(2020·天津·高考真题)Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A.must B.can C.need D.should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须;B. can能,可以;C. need需要;D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知,Jim许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们”能,可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
5.(2020·天津·高考真题)You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意:你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事,must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测;should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做;mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。
6.(2019·天津·高考真题)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A.should they B.they should
C.dare they D.they dare
【答案】A
【详解】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,排除B、D项;这里表示应该,故选A。
7.(2019·天津·高考真题)Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He ______ many times last week.
A.need have practised B.might practise
C.must have practised D.could practise
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。
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第07讲 情态动词
目录
01 1
02 体系构建·思维可视 2
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 2
考点一 情态动词的基本用法 2
知识点 常见情态动词的基本用法 2
考向 情态动词的基本含义辨析 6
考点二 “情态动词+have done”的用法 6
知识点 “情态动词+have done”的用法 6
考向 “情态动词+have done”的用法 7
04 真题溯源·考向感知 7
考点要求
考察形式
2025年
2024年
2023年
情态动词
选择题
非选择题
3月,4,need’t
3月,8,would
6月,2,need’t
考情分析:
高考天津卷通过语境考查考生对情态动词的掌握情况,主要考查考生在不同语境下对情态动词的基本用法和表推测用法的具体理解。考生要在语言实践中、在具体语境中体会并掌握情态动词的基本用法和特殊用法,特别是表推测的用法。
复习目标:
1. 掌握常见情态动词的基本用法;
2. 掌握“情态动词+have done”的用法。
考点一 情态动词的基本用法
知识点 常见情态动词的基本用法
情态动词
用法
示例
can/could
能,会 (表示能力,can 表现在,could 表过去)
She can speak French very well. 她法语讲得很好。
I could read when I was three. 我 3 岁时就识字了。
可能会 (表示把握较大的推测,多用于疑问句和否定句)
—Can the news be true? 消息会是真的吗?
—No, it can't be true. 不,这不可能是真的。
Anybody can make mistakes. 人人都可能会犯错误。
可以 (表示请求或许可,could 语气更委婉,回答用 can 或 can't)
—Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
—Yes, you can. 是的,你可以。
You can borrow two books at a time from the library. 你一次可以从图书馆借两本书。
may/might
可能,或许,大概 (表示把握不大的推测,一般不用于疑问句)
One may live a hundred years, but cannot live three hundred. 人可能会活到 100 岁,但活不到 300 岁。
可以 (表示请求或许可,疑问句的肯定回答用can, 否定回答用 mustn't/ can't/ had better not)
You may take the book home. 你可以把这本书带回家。
—May I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
—Yes, you can./No, you can't. 是的,你可以。/ 不,你不能。
may + 主语 + 谓语 (表示祝愿)
May our friendship live long. 愿我们的友谊长存。
will/would
表示意愿 (will 表现在,would 表过去)
I won't let you down. 我决不会让你失望。
表示事物的某种性质和倾向,或按照规律“会,注定会……”
Oil will float on water. 油会浮在水面上。
总是,习惯于 (表示习惯或倾向,带有主观性,will 表现在,would 表过去)
Every night, she would sit by the window, deep in thought. 每天晚上,她都会坐在窗前,陷入沉思。
shall
用于第一、第三人称的疑问句,表示征求对方的意见或请求指示
Shall we meet in the evening? 咱们晚上见好吗?
用于第二、第三人称的陈述句,表示允诺、规定、命令、警告等
You shall have a new computer if you do well in the exam. 如果你考试考得好,你将得到一台新电脑。(允诺)
There shall be no talking during the test. 考试过程中不允许交谈。(规定)
You shall leave at once! 你必须马上离开!(命令)
You shall not smoke. 不准抽烟。(警告)
should
表示劝告、建议或义务、责任
You should do it because you have promised to. 你应该做,因为你答应做的。
表示惊讶、疑惑、欣喜、失望等情感,意为 “竟然”
I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我不知道为什么你竟然认为这件事是我做的。
must
必须 (表示义务、命令,语气强烈,否定形式为 mustn't, 意为 “不准,禁止”; 用于一般疑问句,否定回答用 needn't 或 don't have to)
She must do it herself. I shan't help her. 她必须自己做,我不会帮她的。
—Must I hand in homework today? 我今天必须交作业吗?
—No, you needn't/don't have to. 不,你不必。
一定,必然 (表示有把握的肯定推测,表示否定推测用 can't)
Winter must be followed by spring. 冬天过后一定是春天。
偏要,非得
Must you play the piano when everybody else is sleeping? 别人都在睡觉,你非得弹钢琴吗?
need
需要
(needn’t = don’t have to 不需要,不必)
I needn’t/don’t have to worry about my weekend. 我没有必要担心我的周末。
dare
敢于
I wondered if you dared finish the task alone. 我想知道你是否敢独自完成这个任务。
cannot but do sth.
不得不,只好做某事
I cannot but choose to go. 我只好选择去。
can't help doing sth.
= can't help but do sth.
忍不住做某事
I can’t help thinking about the past. 我不禁回想起过去。
She couldn’t help but wonder what he was doing. 她不禁琢磨着他在做些什么。
may well
可能
He may well be right. 他很可能是对的。
may as well
不如
We may as well stay where we are. 我们不如待在原地。
can not (或never等否定词) + enough/ too/too much
再……也不为过
We can’t thank you too much. 我们再怎么感谢你都不为过。
考向 情态动词的基本含义辨析
例1(2025·天津·一模)My iPad______ start this morning. There must have been something wrong with it.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
例2(2024·天津河北·一模)—The test is very important to us. Do you think so?
—Yes, so we ________ be too careful during the test.
A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t
考点二 “情态动词+have done”的用法
知识点 “情态动词+have done”的用法
类别
情态动词
含义
(表示对过去情况的推测)
must have done
一定做过某事
can’t have done
不可能/一定没做过某事
can/could/may/might have done
可能做过某事
could/may/might not have done
可能没做过某事
虚拟语气,表示“本……(但实际情况正相反)”
should/ought to have done
should not/ought not to have done
本该做(但实际没做)
本不该做(但实际做了)
could have done
could not have done
本能做(但实际没做)
本不能做(但实际做了)
need have done
need not have done
本需要做(但实际没做)
本不必做(但实际做了)
would have done
would not have done
本想做(但实际没做)
本不想做(但实际做了)
考向 “情态动词+have done”的用法
例1(2025·天津河东·二模)My sister met Jim at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ______ have attended your lecture.
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
例2(2023·天津和平·一模)You ________so slowly. I just needed a few seconds to get used to your voice.
A.shouldn’t speak B.couldn’t have spoken
C.don’t have to D.needn’t have spoken
—Why was John absent from the important exam yesterday?
—He ______ the alarm clock. I saw him rushing into the classroom at 8:35, five minutes late.
A. mustn’t have heard B. couldn’t have heard
C. should have heard D. may have heard
1.(2023·天津·高考真题)We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us.
A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t
2.(2021·天津·高考真题)---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A.may have made
B.should have made
C.couldn't have made
D.needn't have made
3.(2021·天津·高考真题)It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A.need B.should C.could D.must
4.(2020·天津·高考真题)Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A.must B.can C.need D.should
5.(2020·天津·高考真题)You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't
6.(2019·天津·高考真题)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A.should they B.they should
C.dare they D.they dare
7.(2019·天津·高考真题)Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He ______ many times last week.
A.need have practised B.might practise
C.must have practised D.could practise
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