专题13 初升高衔接定语从句（讲义+课件+练习）- 2025年英语初升高衔接课程（暑期自学通用版）.pptx

专题13 初升高衔接定语从句 一、单项选择 1. The old man has two sons, ______ are lawyers. （ ） A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they 2. This is the school ______ I studied three years ago. （ ） A. where B. when C. that D. which 3. The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. （ ） A. what B. who C. that D. it 4. The man ______ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. （ ） A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 5. Is there anything ______ you want to buy in town? （ ） A. which B. who C. that D. what 二、用适当的关系词填空 1. I still remember the day ______ I first came to this school. 2. The house ______ we live in is very old. 3. The boy ______ mother is a doctor is my classmate. 4. This is the reason ______ he was late for school. 5. He is the only person ______ I want to talk to. 三、判断下列句子中的定语从句是限制性还是非限制性，并翻译句子 1. My sister who is a nurse works in a hospital. 2. My sister, who is a nurse, works in a hospital. 四、语法填空 1. The city, ______ (which / that) is very beautiful, attracts many tourists every year. 2. The boy to ______ (who / whom) you lent your bike is my cousin. 3. This is the factory ______ (where / which) my father used to work. 4. The reason ______ (why / that) he didn't come to the party is that he was ill. 5. I have a friend ______ (whose / who) father is a famous scientist. 五、句子改错 1. This is the house where I visited last week. 2. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 3. I like the book which cover is blue. 4. The reason which he gave us was not true. 5. The girl who name is Lucy is my best friend. 答案 一、单项选择 1. 答案：C。 ◦ 解析：这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是two sons，指人，且在从句中作of的宾语，所以用whom，both of whom表示“两者都” 。A选项both of them不能引导定语从句；B选项who在从句中作主语，不能用在介词后；D选项both of they表达错误。 2. 答案：A。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the school，在定语从句“I studied three years ago”中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where，相当于in which 。B选项when表示时间；C选项that和D选项which在从句中作主语、宾语等，不作状语。 3. 答案：C。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the book，指物，在定语从句“I bought yesterday”中作宾语，可用that或which，也可省略 。A选项what不能引导定语从句；B选项who指人；D选项it不能引导从句。 4. 答案：B。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the man，指人，在定语从句“is shaking hands with my father”中作主语，所以用who 。A选项which指物；C选项whom在从句中作宾语；D选项whose表示所属关系。 5. 答案：C。 ◦ 解析：先行词是anything，不定代词，在定语从句“you want to buy in town”中作宾语，此时关系代词只能用that 。A选项which不能用于先行词是不定代词的情况；B选项who指人；D选项what不能引导定语从句。 二、用适当的关系词填空 1. 答案：when。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the day，在从句中作时间状语，所以用when 。 2. 答案：which / that 。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the house，指物，在从句中作in的宾语，可用which或that，也可省略 。 3. 答案：whose。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the boy，与从句中的mother存在所属关系，所以用whose 。 4. 答案：why。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the reason，在从句中作原因状语，用why 。 5. 答案：that。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the only person，被the only修饰，关系代词只能用that 。 三、判断下列句子中的定语从句是限制性还是非限制性，并翻译句子 1. 答案：限制性定语从句。翻译：我当护士的姐姐在一家医院工作。（强调是当护士的那个姐姐，可能还有其他姐姐 ） 2. 答案：非限制性定语从句。翻译：我的姐姐是一名护士，她在一家医院工作。（补充说明姐姐的职业，去掉定语从句，句子意思仍然完整 ） 四、语法填空 1. 答案：which。 ◦ 解析：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，先行词是the city，所以用which 。 2. 答案：whom。 ◦ 解析：在“介词+关系代词”结构中，先行词是the boy，指人，介词后用whom 。 3. 答案：where。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the factory，在从句中作地点状语，用where 。 4. 答案：why。 ◦ 解析：先行词是the reason，作原因状语，用why 。 5. 答案：whose。 ◦ 解析：先行词是a friend，与father存在所属关系，用whose 。 五、句子改错 1. 答案：把where改为which / that或去掉where。 ◦ 解析：先行词the house在从句中作visited的宾语，不能用where，where是关系副词作状语，所以用which / that或省略 。 2. 答案：在whom前加to。 ◦ 解析：speak是不及物动词，“和某人说话”是speak to sb. ，先行词the man在从句中作to的宾语，所以要加to 。 3. 答案：把which改为whose。 ◦ 解析：先行词the book与cover存在所属关系，要用whose 。 4. 答案：把which改为that / which或去掉which。 ◦ 解析：先行词the reason在从句中作gave的宾语，可用that / which或省略，而why是作原因状语的 。 5. 答案：把who改为whose。 ◦ 解析：先行词the girl与name存在所属关系，用whose 。 $$ 2025年 初升高衔接课程 定语从句 专题十三 英语 目录 定义 关系副词 做题步骤 1 2 3 4 关系代词 I am a clever monkey. 定语 定义：修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。 定语 种类： 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句等，相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 I’m a cute pig . 找出定语 cute 形容词前置 I’m a leader riding a horse. 现在分词短语后置 riding a horse I’m a monkey with the golden cudgel. 介词短语后置 with the golden cudgel I like potato chips. 名词作定语 potato I have three apprentices(徒弟). 数词前置 three I am Tang Monk who has three apprentices. who has three apprentices 定语从句后置 The man who rides a horse is Tang Monk. Attributive clause 定语从句 定义 The man who lives next door is a dentist！ 先行词 关系词 定语从句: 由一个句子来修饰某个名词或代词，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后的从句。 名词/代词 ? 定义 1.定语从句的概念： 定义 The man who is riding a horse is Tang Monk. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 who 关系代词 关系副词 that which who whom whose as where when why 关系词的作用： ① 引导作用(引导定语从句) ② 替代作用(替代先行词) ③ 在定语从句中担当成分 定义 定义 2.定语从句的分类： 定义 定义 定语从句的引导词 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语) as (主语, 宾语, 表语) which (主语, 宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语) as (主语, 宾语, 表语) where (地点状语)，有时可替换：介词+which when ( 时间状语)，有时可替换：介词+which why (原因状语)，有时可替换：for which 缺少成分 不缺成分 类别 意义 功能 形式 关系代词 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 起限制、区分作用。若省略，影响整个意思的表达。 起补充说明作用。若省略，不影响整个意思的表达。 修饰先行词 修饰先行词 / 整个句子 无逗号隔开 有逗号与主句隔开 有that 无that 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 作宾语时可以省略 不可以省略 The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. 关系代词 3.定语从句的关系词： 关系代词引导的定语从句： 关系代词 只用that 的情况 （1）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 Eg. This is the most delicious food that I have ever had. （2）当先行词是 all，little，few，much，any，everything，anything，nothing，none 等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。 Eg. Tell me everything that you know. （3）当先行词被 the only，the very，the last，the same 等修饰时。 Eg. This is the very book that I want to buy. （4）当先行词既包括人又包括物时。 Eg. He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited. （5）当主句是以 who，which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Eg. Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading? 只用that 的口诀: 多少不一，恰人物最虚 （1）多少：从少到多 no, none, neither, little, few, a little, a few, much, many, all, each, both; （2）不：不定代词 some- -thing，any- all every- none no- neither… （3）一：一个 ，唯一 the one; the only; （4）恰：恰好 the very\the right+先行词 （5）人物：先行词中有人又有物； （6）最：形容词最高级+先行词； （7）虚：序数词+先行词（the first\the next\the last+先行词） （1）引导非限制性定语从句时。 Eg. Crusoe’s dog，which was very old then，became ill and died. （2）当关系代词前有介词时。 Eg. The building in which Han Mei studied was very old. （3）先行词本身是 that 时。 Eg. What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? （4）在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是 that，那么另一句的关系词宜用 which。 Eg. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 宜用 which 不宜用 that 引导定语从句的情况 that 与who 在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”. Anyone _____breaks the law is punished. Those _____ break the law are punished. He _____ breaks the law is punished. who who who who,that （先行词为人）区别 1.用who不用that的情况： (1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise 2.只能用which 的情况: 1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物) 2. 引导非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which (1) She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (2)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke. whose 在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。 This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue This is the book the cover of which is blue  whose 指人/物，作定语  As “正如” 当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same 时,关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday. 1. As we all know,health is wealth. 2. Health is wealth, as is known to all. as和which引导非限制性定从的区别 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，修饰、指代整个主句。 区别： 1. as 译为“正如…一样”；which译为“这”。 2. as 从句可置于主句之前，之中，之后；which从句只能置于主句之后。 3. as的先行词通常为整个主句； which可以是主句中的一部分或是整个主句。 4. 介词可以加which引导从句，as不可。 5. the same…as ，such…as 结构中，as引导限制性定从。 Notice as常见搭配 as is known to all as you know as is expected as we expected as has been mentioned above as is reported / said as a famous saying goes as is pointed out as you can see = as can be seen as is often the case 众所周知 正如你所知道的那样 正如所预料的那样 正如我们所期待的 正如上面所提到的 正如报道/所说的那样 正如一句谚语所说/俗话说 正如指出的 正如你所看见的 情况通常如此 Notice 关系副词 关系副词引导的定语从句： 关系副词 when 指时间，在句中做时间状语 先行词通常为time， day， morning，night， week，year where 指地点，在从句中做地点状语 先行词通常为：place，spot, street, house, room, city, town, country why 指原因或理由 先行词只有reason “名词/代词/数词+介词of/+关系的代词(which/whom)”结构 Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. China has 34 provinces, some of which are pretty poor. tip: 以上结构一般用于引导非限制性定语从句。 Notice 做题步骤 如何正确选择关系词 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 找到先行词 先行词代指人还是物 从句中缺少什么成分 选定恰当的关系词 口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里, 有无主宾语 做题步骤 Summary 定语从句4考点： 关系代词指代人： 关系代词指代物： 关系代词指代所属关系： 关系副词指代时间/地点/原因： 注意：关系代词在定从中 时，可以省略。 where= in/ at/ on which when= on/ during/ in which why= for which 哪些情况关系代词只能用that，不能用which？ 作宾语 that/who/whom that/which whose when/where/why 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 who/ whom/ that/ which/ whose/ as when/ where/ why 从句基本结构是否完整？ 不完整： 关系代词 完整： 关系副词 归纳：关系代词和关系副词用法 人：who/whom/that/whose 物：which/that/whose/as 时间：when 地点：where 原因：when 关系词的作用： ① 连接作用(引导定语从句) （连词） ② 替代作用(替代先行词)（代词） ③ 在定语从句中担当一定成分 2025年 初升高衔接课程 专题十三 英语 谢谢 聆听 $$ 专题13 初升高衔接定语从句 一、单项选择 1. The old man has two sons, ______ are lawyers. （ ） A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they 2. This is the school ______ I studied three years ago. （ ） A. where B. when C. that D. which 3. The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting. （ ） A. what B. who C. that D. it 4. The man ______ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. （ ） A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 5. Is there anything ______ you want to buy in town? （ ） A. which B. who C. that D. what 二、用适当的关系词填空 1. I still remember the day ______ I first came to this school. 2. The house ______ we live in is very old. 3. The boy ______ mother is a doctor is my classmate. 4. This is the reason ______ he was late for school. 5. He is the only person ______ I want to talk to. 三、判断下列句子中的定语从句是限制性还是非限制性，并翻译句子 1. My sister who is a nurse works in a hospital. 2. My sister, who is a nurse, works in a hospital. 四、语法填空 1. The city, ______ (which / that) is very beautiful, attracts many tourists every year. 2. The boy to ______ (who / whom) you lent your bike is my cousin. 3. This is the factory ______ (where / which) my father used to work. 4. The reason ______ (why / that) he didn't come to the party is that he was ill. 5. I have a friend ______ (whose / who) father is a famous scientist. 五、句子改错 1. This is the house where I visited last week. 2. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 3. I like the book which cover is blue. 4. The reason which he gave us was not true. 5. The girl who name is Lucy is my best friend. $$ 专题13 初升高衔接定语从句 一、定语从句的基本概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词是关系词。例如：“She is the girl who won the first prize in the competition”，“who won the first prize in the competition”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the girl” ，“who”是关系词。关系词至关重要，既起连接作用，又在从句中充当一定句子成分。 二、关系词的分类及用法 （一）关系代词 常见关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等 。 • that：既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。例如：“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting” ，“that”指物，作宾语，可省略；“The man that is standing there is my teacher” ，“that”指人，作主语。 • which：用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略 。例如：“The building which stands near the park is a hospital” ，作主语；“The movie which we watched last night was exciting” ，作宾语，可省略。 • who：用于指人，在从句中作主语和表语 。比如：“The boy who is playing basketball is my brother” ，作主语。 • whom：也用于指人，在从句中作宾语 。在口语中，有时可用“who”代替“whom”，也可省略 。例如：“The person whom you talked to just now is my manager” ，可换成“who”，也可省略。 • whose：表示“谁的”，既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语 。例如：“The girl whose hair is long is my classmate” ，指人；“I live in a house whose windows face south” ，指物。 （二）关系副词 常见关系副词有when, where, why 。 • when：表示时间，用于修饰表示时间的先行词，在从句中作时间状语 。例如：“I still remember the day when I first met you” ，先行词“the day”表示时间，“when”在从句中作时间状语 。 • where：表示地点，常用来修饰表示地点的先行词，在从句中作地点状语 。比如：“This is the school where I studied ten years ago” ，先行词“the school”表示地点，“where”在从句中作地点状语 。 • why：表示原因，主要用于修饰表示原因的先行词“reason”，在从句中作原因状语 。例如：“The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus” 。 三、定语从句的分类 （一）限制性定语从句 对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体、明确 。它与先行词关系紧密，不能被省略，否则句子意思就不完整 。主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开 。例如：“I have a friend who can play the piano very well” ，如果去掉“who can play the piano very well”，句子就变成了“I have a friend”，意思就变得模糊，不知道这个朋友有什么特点 。 （二）非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用 。如果将其省去，主句的意义仍然完整 。主句和从句之间通常用逗号隔开 ，而且非限制性定语从句中不能使用关系代词“that” 。例如：“My father, who is a doctor, likes playing basketball” ，去掉“who is a doctor”，“My father likes playing basketball”这个句子仍然成立 。 四、关系词的特殊用法及注意事项 （一）只用that的情况 1. 当先行词是不定代词，如anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等时 。例如：“Is there anything that I can do for you?” 2. 先行词被the only, the very, the just修饰时 。比如：“He is the very person that I am looking for” 。 3. 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时 。例如：“This is the best book that I have ever read” 。 4. 先行词既有人又有物时 。如：“He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited” 。 5. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that 。例如：“Who is the man that is standing there?” 6. 关系代词作表语时 。例如：“He is not the man that he used to be” 。 （二）只用which，不用that的情况 1. 关系代词前有介词时 。例如：“This is the room in which I lived last year” 。 2. 引导非限制性定语从句时 。例如：“The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting” 。 3. 先行词本身是that时 。例如：“What' s that which is under the desk?” （三）关系代词作宾语时的省略 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略 。例如：“The book (that/which) I borrowed from the library is very useful” ，“that”或“which”作“borrowed”的宾语，可省略 。 （四）“介词+关系代词”结构 1. 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，会出现“介词+关系代词”的结构 。其中，关系代词指人时用“whom”，指物时用“which” 。例如：“The house in which I live is very old”（in which = where） 。 2. 注意“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择：可根据定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来选择介词；也可根据先行词的搭配习惯来选择介词 。例如：“The tool with which he is working is called a spanner”（work with是固定搭配） ；“This is the factory of which I' m speaking”（speak of是固定搭配） 。 $$