内容正文:
人教版八年级下册英语 Unit 2 Section A 笔记单
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A
【考点 1】I'd like to help homeless people. 我想帮助无家可归的人。
【详解】“would like to do sth. ” 意为 “想要做某事”,语气比 “want to do sth.” 更委婉;“homeless” 是形容词,由 “home + less” 构成,意为 “无家可归的”,类似构词:careless(粗心的)、useless(无用的)。
同义句型:I want to help homeless people.
复数形式:homeless people(无家可归的人),“people” 本身是复数。
例句:
她想为养老院的老人读书。She ________ ________ ________ books for the old people in the nursing home.
他们想要帮助有困难的人。They ________ ________ ________ people in trouble.
拓展:“would like” 的其他用法
would like sth. 想要某物:I’d like a cup of tea.
would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事:She’d like me to go with her.
真题演练:
( ) He ________ ________ ________ volunteers at the food bank.
A. would; like; to B. would; like;
C. wants; to; be D. wants; be
【考点 2】You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助清理城市公园。
【详解】“could + 动词原形” 表建议,语气比 “can” 委婉;“clean up” 意为 “打扫干净”,是 “动词 + 副词” 短语,宾语为名词时可放中间或末尾(clean up the parks/clean the parks up),宾语为代词时必须放中间(clean them up)。
例句:
我们可以帮助分发食物。We could help ________ ________ food.
他们可以打扫教室。They could ________ ________ the classroom.
拓展:“动词 + 副词” 短语
cheer up 使振作:Cheer him up, please.
give out 分发:Please give out the papers.
真题演练:
( ) Could you please ________ ________ the broken bikes?
A. clean; up B. fix; up
C. put; up D. take; up
【考点 3】She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 她决定参加课后阅读志愿者项目的选拔。
【详解】“decide to do sth. ” 意为 “决定做某事”;“try out for” 意为 “参加…… 的选拔”;“after-school reading program” 意为 “课后阅读项目”。
try out 单独使用时意为 “试验;试用”:He tried out the new machine.
例句:
他决定参加篮球俱乐部的选拔。He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the basketball club.
他们决定尝试这个新计划。They ________ ________ ________ ________ this new plan.
拓展:decide 的名词形式
decision(决定):make a decision 做决定:She made a decision to study abroad.
真题演练:
( ) She decided ________ ________ ________ the volunteer program.
A. try; out; for B. to; try; out; for
C. try; out D. to; try; out
【考点 4】You can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book. 从他们的眼睛里你能看出,每本新书都能带他们踏上一段不同的旅程。
【详解】“see + that 从句” 意为 “看到……”;“go on a journey” 意为 “踏上旅程”;“with each new book” 表伴随,意为 “带着每本新书”。
journey 指长途旅行,强调过程;trip 指短途旅行,强调目的。
例句:
我们能看到孩子们脸上的快乐。We can ________ ________ the children’s faces that they are happy.
他们将带着希望踏上新的旅程。They will ________ ________ a new journey ________ hope.
拓展:with 表伴随的其他用法
He came in with a smile. 他笑着走进来。
She sleeps with the window open. 她开着窗户睡觉。
真题演练:
( ) We could see ________ their eyes that they were excited ________ the trip.
A. in; about B. on; about
C. in; with D. on; with
【考点 5】I want to learn more about how to care for animals. 我想了解更多关于如何照顾动物的知识。
【详解】“learn about” 意为 “了解”;“how to care for” 是 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构,作 learn about 的宾语;“care for” 意为 “照顾;关心”,同义短语为 “look after”“take care of”。
例句:
你想了解如何保护环境吗?Do you want to ________ ________ how to protect the environment?
他们正在学习如何照顾老人。They are learning how ________ ________ ________ old people.
拓展:“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构
what to do 做什么:He doesn’t know what to do.
where to go 去哪里:We haven’t decided where to go.
真题演练:
( ) Could you tell me ________ ________ ________ for the disabled children?
A. how; to; care B. how; to; care for
C. what; to; care D. what; to; care for
【考点 6】I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners' faces. 当我看到动物们好转,看到它们主人脸上的喜悦时,我有一种强烈的满足感。
【详解】“such a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数” 意为 “如此…… 的一个……”;“a feeling of satisfaction” 意为 “满足感”;“get better” 意为 “好转”;“the look of joy” 意为 “喜悦的表情”。
such 与 so 的区别:such 修饰名词(such beautiful flowers),so 修饰形容词 / 副词(so beautiful)。
例句:
看到孩子们的笑脸,她有一种强烈的幸福感。She gets ________ ________ ________ ________ happiness when she sees the children’s smiling faces.
当他听到这个好消息时,脸上露出了喜悦。He had ________ ________ ________ ________ on his face when he heard the good news.
拓展:satisfaction 的形容词形式
satisfied(感到满意的):I’m satisfied with the result.
satisfying(令人满意的):It’s a satisfying job.
真题演练:
( ) It was ________ ________ ________ experience that I will never forget it.
A. such; a; great B. such; great; a
C. so; a; great D. so; great; a
【考点 7】She could read by herself at the age of four. 她四岁时就能自己读书了。
【详解】“could + 动词原形” 表过去的能力;“by herself” 意为 “独自”,反身代词 oneself 随主语变化(by myself/by himself);“at the age of + 数字” 意为 “在…… 岁时”,同义短语为 “when sb. was + 数字 years old”。
例句:
他五岁时就能游泳了。He ________ ________ at the age of five.
玛丽十岁时就能自己洗衣服了。Mary could wash clothes ________ ________ at the age of ten.
拓展:反身代词的其他用法
enjoy oneself 玩得开心:They enjoyed themselves at the party.
teach oneself 自学:He taught himself English.
真题演练:
( ) She could play the piano ________ ________ at the age of six.
A. by; her B. by; herself
C. on; her D. on; herself
【考点 8】Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. 在这里做志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。
【详解】“volunteering here” 是动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数;“a dream come true” 意为 “梦想成真”,“come true” 为不及物短语,主语为 “梦想、愿望等”(The dream came true.)。
例句:
帮助别人对他来说是快乐的源泉。________ ________ is a source of happiness for him.
他的希望终于实现了。His hope finally ________ ________.
拓展:动名词作主语的其他例句
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是很好的锻炼。
Listening to music makes me relaxed. 听音乐让我放松。
真题演练:
( ) ________ ________ people in need makes him very happy.
A. Help B. Helping
C. To; help D. Helps
【考点 9】I’m making some signs to put up around the school. 我正在做一些标语牌要在学校周围张贴。
【详解】“be + 现在分词” 构成现在进行时;“make signs” 意为 “做标语牌”;“to put up” 是不定式作目的状语,意为 “为了张贴”;“put up” 意为 “张贴;举起;搭建”。
例句:
他们正在制作海报来宣传这个活动。They are making posters ________ ________ ________ the activity.
请把这些通知张贴在墙上。Please ________ ________ these notices on the wall.
拓展:put 的常见短语
put off 推迟:We have to put off the meeting.
put down 放下;记下:Put down your pen, please.
真题演练:
( ) They are ________ notices ________ ________ around the neighborhood.
A. make; to; put; up B. making; to; put; up
C. make; put; up D. making; put; up
【考点 10】We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day. 我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。
【详解】“need to do sth. ” 意为 “需要做某事”;“come up with” 意为 “想出;提出”,同义短语为 “think of”;“Clean-Up Day” 意为 “清洁日”,由 “动词 + Up + Day” 构成,类似:Sports Day(运动日)。
例句:
他们需要想出一个新主意。They need ________ ________ ________ ________ a new idea.
我们必须为这次旅行想出一个计划。We must ________ ________ ________ a plan for the trip.
拓展:need 的用法
作实义动词:He needs to rest.(后接不定式)
作情态动词(常用于否定 / 疑问句):You needn’t worry.
真题演练:
( ) We need ________ ________ ________ a way to solve the problem.
A. come; up; with B. to; come; up; with
C. think; of D. to; think; of
【考点 11】We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制定计划。
【详解】“put off doing sth. ” 意为 “推迟做某事”,“off” 是介词,后接动名词;“make a plan” 意为 “制定计划”。
例句:
他们不能推迟开会。They can’t ________ ________ ________ the meeting.
她推迟了去看医生。She ________ ________ ________ to the doctor.
拓展:“put off” 的反义词组
put forward 提出;提前:They put forward the meeting.
真题演练:
( ) Don’t ________ ________ ________ decisions. It’s not good.
A. put; off; making B. put; off; make
C. put; up; making D. put; up; make
【考点 12】They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们给我讲过去的故事,以及过去事物的样子。
【详解】“used to be” 意为 “过去是……”,表过去的状态,现在已改变;“how things used to be” 是宾语从句,作 about 的宾语。
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事:He used to smoke.
否定形式:didn’t use to do /used not to do
例句:
这个城市过去很安静。This city ________ ________ ________ very quiet.
他过去常常步行上学。He ________ ________ ________ to school on foot.
拓展:used to 的反义短语
didn’t use to 过去不……:She didn’t use to like vegetables.
真题演练:
( ) There ________ ________ ________ a park here, but now it’s a shopping mall.
A. used; to; be B. used; to; have
C. was; used; to; be D. was; used; to; have
【考点 13】She looks sad. Let’s cheer her up. 她看起来很伤心。让我们使她振作起来吧。
【详解】“look + 形容词” 意为 “看起来……”;“cheer sb. up” 意为 “使某人振作起来”,代词作宾语时必须放中间(cheer her up),名词作宾语时可放中间或末尾(cheer the girl up/cheer up the girl)。
例句:
这个坏消息让他们很沮丧。让我们使他们振作起来吧。The bad news made them sad. Let’s ________ ________ ________.
他看起来很累。我们给他讲个笑话吧。He looks tired. Let’s tell him a joke to ________ ________ ________.
拓展:cheer 的名词形式
cheer(欢呼):We heard cheers from the crowd.
真题演练:
( ) The little boy is crying. Can you ________ ________ ________?
A. cheer; him; up B. cheer; up; him
C. pick; him; up D. pick; up; him
【当堂检测】
一、单项选择
( ) 1. She would like ________ ________ in the animal hospital.
A. volunteer B. to volunteer
C. volunteering D. volunteered
( ) 2. We need to ________ ________ the books to the children in the countryside.
A. give; out B. put; out
C. take; out D. look; out
( ) 3. He decided ________ ________ for the swimming team.
A. try; out B. to; try; out
C. try; on D. to; try; on
( ) 4. ________ ________ in the sun is bad for your eyes.
A. Read B. Reads
C. Reading D. To; read
( ) 5. They ________ ________ ________ a small house, but now they have a big one.
A. used; to; have B. used; to; having
C. are; used; to; have D. are; used; to; having
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
Would you like ________ (help) me clean the room?
They could ________ (fix) up the old bikes and give them to the poor.
She decided ________ (join) the volunteer club.
________ (volunteer) is a good way to spend our free time.
We need ________ (come) up with a plan for the party.
He used to ________ (play) basketball after school.
Let’s ________ (cheer) him up with some funny stories.
They can’t put off ________ (make) a decision.
答案及解析整理
一、例句答案及解析
1.(考点 1)
她想为养老院的老人读书。She would like to read books for the old people in the nursing home.
解析:“would like to do sth.” 表 “想要做某事”,“read” 表 “读书”。
他们想要帮助有困难的人。They would like to help people in trouble.
解析:同上,“help” 表 “帮助”。
2.(考点 2)
我们可以帮助分发食物。We could help give out food.
解析:“give out” 表 “分发”,“help + 动词原形”。
他们可以打扫教室。They could clean up the classroom.
解析:“clean up” 表 “打扫干净”,符合语境。
3.(考点 3)
他决定参加篮球俱乐部的选拔。He decided to try out for the basketball club.
解析:“decide to try out for” 表 “决定参加…… 选拔”,过去式。
他们决定尝试这个新计划。They decided to try out this new plan.
解析:“decide to try out” 表 “决定尝试”,“try out” 后接物。
4.(考点 4)
我们能看到孩子们脸上的快乐。We can see in the children’s faces that they are happy.
解析:“see in” 表 “从…… 中看到”,固定搭配。
他们将带着希望踏上新的旅程。They will go on a new journey with hope.
解析:“go on a journey” 表 “踏上旅程”,“with” 表伴随。
5.(考点 5)
你想了解如何保护环境吗?Do you want to learn about how to protect the environment?
解析:“learn about” 表 “了解”,“want to + 动词原形”。
他们正在学习如何照顾老人。They are learning how to care for old people.
解析:“how to care for” 表 “如何照顾”,“疑问词 + 不定式”。
6.(考点 6)
看到孩子们的笑脸,她有一种强烈的幸福感。She gets such a strong feeling of happiness when she sees the children’s smiling faces.
解析:“such a + 形容词 + 名词” 表 “如此…… 的……”。
当他听到这个好消息时,脸上露出了喜悦。He had the look of joy on his face when he heard the good news.
解析:“the look of joy” 表 “喜悦的表情”,固定短语。
7.(考点 7)
他五岁时就能游泳了。He could swim at the age of five.
解析:“could + 动词原形” 表过去的能力,“swim” 表 “游泳”。
玛丽十岁时就能自己洗衣服了。Mary could wash clothes by herself at the age of ten.
解析:“by herself” 表 “独自”,反身代词与主语一致。
8.(考点 8)
帮助别人对他来说是快乐的源泉。Helping others is a source of happiness for him.
解析:动名词 “helping others” 作主语,表 “帮助别人”。
他的希望终于实现了。His hope finally came true.
解析:“came true” 表 “实现”,过去式。
9.(考点 9)
他们正在制作海报来宣传这个活动。They are making posters to advertise the activity.
解析:不定式 “to advertise” 作目的状语,表 “为了宣传”。
请把这些通知张贴在墙上。Please put up these notices on the wall.
解析:“put up” 表 “张贴”,祈使句用动词原形。
10.(考点 10)
他们需要想出一个新主意。They need to come up with a new idea.
解析:“need to come up with” 表 “需要想出”,不定式作宾语。
我们必须为这次旅行想出一个计划。We must come up with a plan for the trip.
解析:“must + 动词原形”,“come up with” 表 “想出”。
11.(考点 11)
他们不能推迟开会。They can’t put off having the meeting.
解析:“put off + 动名词” 表 “推迟做某事”,“having the meeting” 表 “开会”。
她推迟了去看医生。She put off going to the doctor.
解析:过去式 “put off”,“going to the doctor” 表 “去看医生”。
12.(考点 12)
这个城市过去很安静。This city used to be very quiet.
解析:“used to be” 表 “过去是”,描述过去的状态。
他过去常常步行上学。He used to go to school on foot.
解析:“used to + 动词原形” 表 “过去常常做某事”。
13.(考点 13)
这个坏消息让他们很沮丧。让我们使他们振作起来吧。The bad news made them sad. Let’s cheer them up.
解析:“cheer them up” 表 “使他们振作”,代词放中间。
他看起来很累。我们给他讲个笑话吧。He looks tired. Let’s tell him a joke to cheer him up.
解析:不定式表目的,“cheer him up” 表 “使他振作”。
二、真题演练答案及解析
A
解析:“would like to be volunteers” 表 “想成为志愿者”,“would like to do” 结构,故选 A。
B
解析:“fix up the broken bikes” 表 “修理坏自行车”,“fix up” 固定短语,故选 B。
B
解析:“decided to try out for” 表 “决定参加志愿者项目选拔”,“decide to do” 结构,故选 B。
A
解析:“see in their eyes” 表 “从他们眼中看出”,“be excited about” 表 “对旅行兴奋”,故选 A。
B
解析:“how to care for” 表 “如何照顾残疾儿童”,“疑问词 + 不定式”,故选 B。
A
解析:“such a great experience” 表 “如此棒的经历”,“such a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数”,故选 A。
B
解析:“by herself” 表 “独自”,反身代词与主语一致,故选 B。
B
解析:“Helping people” 表 “帮助别人”,动名词作主语,故选 B。
B
解析:“are making notices to put up” 表 “正在制作通知来张贴”,现在进行时 + 不定式目的状语,故选 B。
B
解析:“need to come up with” 表 “需要想出方法”,“need to do” 结构,故选 B。
A
解析:“put off making decisions” 表 “推迟做决定”,“put off + 动名词”,故选 A。
A
解析:“used to be a park” 表 “过去有一个公园”,“there used to be” 固定句型,故选 A。
A
解析:“cheer him up” 表 “使他振作”,代词放中间,故选 A。
三、当堂检测答案及解析
单项选择
B
解析:“would like to volunteer” 表 “想在动物医院做志愿者”,“would like to do” 结构,故选 B。
A
解析:“give out the books” 表 “把书分发给农村孩子”,“give out” 固定短语,故选 A。
B
解析:“decided to try out for” 表 “决定参加游泳队选拔”,“try out for” 表 “参加…… 选拔”,故选 B。
C
解析:“Reading in the sun” 表 “在阳光下读书”,动名词作主语,故选 C。
A
解析:“used to have” 表 “过去有一个小房子”,“used to + 动词原形”,故选 A。
用所给单词的正确形式填空
to help
解析:“would like to help” 表 “想要帮忙”,不定式作宾语。
fix
解析:“could + 动词原形”,“fix up” 表 “修理”。
to join
解析:“decided to join” 表 “决定加入”,“decide to do” 结构。
Volunteering
解析:动名词 “Volunteering” 作主语,表 “做志愿者”。
to come
解析:“need to come up with” 表 “需要想出”,不定式作宾语。
play
解析:“used to play” 表 “过去常常打篮球”,“used to + 动词原形”。
cheer
解析:“Let’s + 动词原形”,“cheer him up” 表 “使他振作”。
making
解析:“put off making” 表 “推迟做决定”,“off” 后接动名词。
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