内容正文:
人教版八年级下册英语Unit 2 Section B笔记单
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Section B
【考点 1】I volunteer because I love to see the smiles on the children's faces. 我做志愿者是因为我喜欢看到孩子们脸上的笑容。
【详解】volunteer此处为动词,意为 “自愿做;义务做”;“because” 引导原因状语从句,说明做志愿者的原因;“smiles on the children's faces” 意为 “孩子们脸上的笑容”,“on” 表 “在…… 上”。
volunteer 作名词时,意为 “志愿者”:She is a volunteer at the hospital.
例句:
他自愿帮助老人,因为他喜欢帮助别人。He ________ ________ help the old because he likes helping others.
他们做志愿者是因为他们想让世界变得更好。They volunteer because they want ________ ________ the world a better place.
拓展:love 的用法
love doing sth. 长期喜欢做某事:She loves reading.
love to do sth. 某次具体喜欢做某事:I love to go swimming today.
真题演练:
( ) She volunteers ________ ________ sick people because she ________ ________ them happy.
A. help; love; make B. to help; loves; making
C. help; loves; to make D. to help; love; making
【考点 2】She could read by herself at the age of four. 她四岁时就能自己读书了。
【详解】“by oneself” 意为 “独自;单独”,oneself 随主语变化(by myself/by himself);“at the age of + 基数词” 意为 “在…… 岁时”,同义表达为 “when sb. was + 基数词 years old”。
could 为 can 的过去式,表过去的能力。
例句:
他五岁时就能自己穿衣服了。He could dress himself ________ ________ ________ ________ five.
玛丽十岁时就能独自旅行了。Mary could travel ________ ________ at the age of ten.
拓展:反身代词的常见短语
enjoy oneself 玩得开心:They enjoyed themselves at the party.
teach oneself 自学:He taught himself English.
真题演练:
( ) The little boy could wash his clothes ________ ________ at the age of seven.
A. by; him B. by; himself
C. with; him D. with; himself
【考点 3】I want to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers. 我想感谢你给 “动物助手” 捐款。
【详解】“thank sb. for doing sth. ” 意为 “因做某事而感谢某人”,for 为介词,后接动名词;“give money to...” 意为 “给…… 捐款”,同义短语为 “donate money to...”。
例句:
我们感谢她为我们做了美味的晚餐。We thanked her ________ ________ us a delicious dinner.
他们感谢老师帮助他们解决了问题。They thanked the teacher for ________ ________ ________ the problem.
拓展:thank 相关短语
thanks to 幸亏;由于:Thanks to your help, I succeeded.
give thanks to 感谢:We give thanks to our parents.
真题演练:
( ) Thank you for ________ ________ the old people ________ their housework.
A. help; do B. helping; do
C. help; doing D. helping; doing
【考点 4】Lucky makes a big difference to my life. “幸运” 对我的生活产生了很大影响。
【详解】“make a big difference to... ” 意为 “对…… 产生很大影响”,difference 为名词,形容词形式为 different;“Lucky” 此处为动物名,作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
例句:
你的建议对我的决定产生了很大影响。Your advice ________ ________ ________ ________ to my decision.
运动对他的健康产生了积极影响。Exercise ________ ________ ________ ________ to his health.
拓展:difference 的短语
make no difference 没有影响:It makes no difference to me.
tell the difference 区分差异:Can you tell the difference between them?
真题演练:
( ) The new policy ________ ________ ________ ________ to people's lives.
A. makes; a; big; difference B. makes; big; a; difference
C. make; a; big; difference D. make; big; a; difference
【考点 5】I was excited because I could finally have a dog. 我很兴奋,因为我终于可以拥有一只狗了。
【详解】excited意为 “感到兴奋的”,修饰人;“because” 引导原因状语从句;“finally” 意为 “终于;最终”,副词作状语。
exciting 意为 “令人兴奋的”,修饰物:an exciting movie。
例句:
孩子们看到礼物时很兴奋。The children ________ ________ when they saw the presents.
他终于完成了这项艰巨的任务。He ________ ________ the difficult task finally.
拓展:“be + 形容词 + 介词” 短语
be excited about 对…… 兴奋:She is excited about the trip.
be interested in 对…… 感兴趣:He is interested in music.
真题演练:
( ) The students were ________ ________ ________ the coming summer holiday.
A. excited; about B. exciting; about
C. excited; with D. exciting; with
【考点 6】I didn't know who she was. 我不知道她是谁。
【详解】本句是含宾语从句的复合句,“who she was” 为宾语从句,作 know 的宾语,从句用陈述语序(主语 + 谓语)。
主句 “I didn't know” 为一般过去时,从句也用相应的过去时态。
例句:
他想知道你在哪里。He wanted to know ________ ________ ________.
她问我这是什么。She asked me ________ ________ ________.
拓展:常见宾语从句连接词
that(无意义,可省略):I think (that) he is right.
if/whether(是否):I wonder if he will come.
真题演练:
( ) She asked me ________ ________ ________ ________.
A. where; do; I; live B. where; I; live
C. where; did; I; live D. where; I; lived
【考点 7】She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. 她跟 “动物助手” 机构谈了为我找一只经过特殊训练的狗的事。
【详解】“talk to sb. about doing sth. ” 意为 “和某人谈论做某事”;“getting me a special trained dog” 是动名词短语作 about 的宾语;“special trained dog” 意为 “经过特殊训练的狗”,trained 为过去分词作定语。
例句:
老师和我们谈了参加比赛的事。The teacher ________ ________ us ________ ________ the competition.
他们正在谈论举办一场慈善演出。They are talking about ________ ________ ________ ________.
拓展:train 的词性转换
train(动词)训练:She trains dogs.
training(名词)训练:He needs special training.
trained(形容词)受过训练的:a trained nurse
真题演练:
( ) They talked to the manager about ________ ________ a new club.
A. set; up B. setting; up
C. set; out D. setting; out
【考点 8】I get on well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。
【详解】“get on well with sb. ” 意为 “和某人相处得好”,同义短语为 “get along well with sb.”;well 为副词,修饰动词短语 get on。
例句:
她和邻居相处得很好。She ________ ________ ________ ________ her neighbors.
你和新同事相处得怎么样?How are you ________ ________ ________ your new colleagues?
拓展:get on 的其他含义
进展:How are you getting on with your work?
上车:She got on the bus.
真题演练:
( ) He ________ ________ ________ ________ his brother. They often help each other.
A. gets; on; good; with B. gets; on; well; with
C. gets; along; good; with D. gets; along; well; to
【考点 9】I can't use my arms or legs well. 我的胳膊和腿都不太好用。
【详解】“can't + 动词原形” 表 “不能做某事”;“or” 用于否定句中,连接两个并列成分(arms 和 legs),肯定句中用 and。
well 为副词,修饰动词 use,意为 “好地”。
例句:
他不会读也不会写。He ________ ________ ________ ________ write.
她不能走路也不能说话。She ________ ________ ________ ________ speak.
拓展:or 的其他用法
表选择:Would you like tea or coffee?
表 “否则”:Hurry up, or you'll be late.
真题演练:
( ) The little girl ________ read ________ write when she was five.
A. can't; or B. can't; and
C. couldn't; or D. couldn't; and
【考点 10】Lucky is very clever and understands many English words. “幸运” 很聪明,能理解许多英语单词。
【详解】clever意为 “聪明的”,同义词为 smart;“understand” 意为 “理解;明白”,第三人称单数形式为 understands;“many” 修饰可数名词复数 words。
例句:
这只狗很聪明,能听懂指令。The dog is very ________ and ________ many commands.
她理解这个问题的严重性。She ________ ________ ________ of the problem.
拓展:many 与 much 的区别
many 修饰可数名词复数:many books
much 修饰不可数名词:much water
真题演练:
( ) The boy is ________ and he knows ________ English words.
A. clever; many B. clever; much
C. silly; many D. silly; much
【考点 11】I'll send you a photo of him if you like. 如果你愿意,我会给你寄一张他的照片。
【详解】本句是含 if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句,遵循 “主将从现” 原则(主句用一般将来时 will send,从句用一般现在时 like);“send sb. sth.” 意为 “给某人寄某物”,同义短语为 “send sth. to sb.”。
例句:
如果你需要帮助,我会帮你。I ________ ________ you if you ________ help.
如果明天天气好,我们就去野餐。We ________ ________ for a picnic if the weather ________ fine tomorrow.
拓展:send 的短语
send up 发射:They sent up a rocket.
send away 赶走:He sent away the beggar.
真题演练:
( ) She ________ ________ a message to you if she ________ ________.
A. will; send; arrive B. will; send; arrives
C. sends; will; arrive D. sends; will; arrives
【考点 12】I'm only able to have a "dog helper" because of your kindness. 因为你的善良,我才能够拥有一只 “导盲犬助手”。
【详解】“be able to” 意为 “能够”,可用于各种时态,同义短语为 can(但 can 只有现在时和过去时 could);“because of” 后接名词(kindness),表原因,同义短语为 “due to”。
kindness 为名词,形容词形式为 kind。
例句:
因为他的帮助,我们才能完成任务。We ________ ________ ________ finish the task ________ ________ his help.
由于大雨,比赛被取消了。The match was cancelled ________ ________ the heavy rain.
拓展:because of 与 because 的区别
because of + 名词 / 代词:He failed because of carelessness.
because + 从句:He failed because he was careless.
真题演练:
( ) We succeeded ________ ________ ________ their support.
A. because; of B. because; for
C. thanks; to D. thanks; for
【考点 13】You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 你的帮助让我有可能拥有 “幸运”。
【详解】“help to do sth. ” 意为 “帮助做某事”;“make it possible for sb. to do sth.” 意为 “使某人做某事成为可能”,it 为形式宾语,真正宾语为不定式 “to have Lucky”。
例句:
科技使人们远距离交流成为可能。Technology ________ ________ ________ for people ________ ________ over long distances.
他的努力使赢得比赛成为可能。His efforts ________ ________ ________ to win the match.
拓展:possible 的反义词
impossible(不可能的):It's impossible to finish in an hour.
真题演练:
( ) Your support ________ ________ ________ for us ________ ________ the project.
A. makes; it; possible; finish B. makes; it; possible; to finish
C. makes; that; possible; finish D. makes; that; possible; to finish
【当堂检测】
一、单项选择
( ) 1. He volunteers ________ ________ the sick people in the hospital.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. helped
( ) 2. My brother could dress himself ________ the age ________ six.
A. at; of B. in; of
C. at; with D. in; with
( ) 3. Thank you for ________ ________ me with my English.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. helped
( ) 4. The new teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ to our study.
A. makes; a; difference B. makes; a; different
C. made; a; difference D. made; a; different
( ) 5. I wonder ________ ________ ________ the meeting.
A. when; will; he; attend B. when; he; will; attend
C. when; does; he; attend D. when; he; does; attend
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
She decided ________ (volunteer) at the animal shelter.
The little girl can look after ________ (she) now.
Thanks for ________ (give) me such valuable advice.
Your kindness ________ (make) a big difference to my life.
They were ________ (excite) about the good news.
Do you know ________ (who) he is talking to?
We are talking about ________ (organize) a charity event.
If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we ________ (stay) at home.
答案及解析整理
一、例句答案及解析
1.(考点 1)
他自愿帮助老人,因为他喜欢帮助别人。He volunteers to help the old because he likes helping others.
解析:“volunteer to do sth.” 表 “自愿做某事”,一般现在时,主语为单数。
他们做志愿者是因为他们想让世界变得更好。They volunteer because they want to make the world a better place.
解析:“want to do sth.” 表 “想要做某事”,“make” 表 “使”。
2.(考点 2)
他五岁时就能自己穿衣服了。He could dress himself at the age of five.
解析:“at the age of + 数字” 表 “在…… 岁时”,固定短语。
玛丽十岁时就能独自旅行了。Mary could travel by herself at the age of ten.
解析:“by herself” 表 “独自”,反身代词与主语一致。
3.(考点 3)
我们感谢她为我们做了美味的晚餐。We thanked her for cooking us a delicious dinner.
解析:“thank sb. for doing sth.” 表 “因做某事感谢某人”,“cooking” 作宾语。
他们感谢老师帮助他们解决了问题。They thanked the teacher for helping them solve the problem.
解析:同上,“helping them solve” 表 “帮助他们解决”。
4.(考点 4)
你的建议对我的决定产生了很大影响。Your advice makes a big difference to my decision.
解析:“make a big difference to” 表 “对…… 产生很大影响”,一般现在时。
运动对他的健康产生了积极影响。Exercise makes a positive difference to his health.
解析:同上,“positive” 表 “积极的”。
5.(考点 5)
孩子们看到礼物时很兴奋。The children were excited when they saw the presents.
解析:“be excited” 表 “感到兴奋的”,一般过去时,主语为复数。
他终于完成了这项艰巨的任务。He finished the difficult task finally.
解析:“finished” 表 “完成”,过去式。
6.(考点 6)
他想知道你在哪里。He wanted to know where you were.
解析:宾语从句用陈述语序,一般过去时。
她问我这是什么。She asked me what it was.
解析:同上,“what it was” 表 “这是什么”。
7.(考点 7)
老师和我们谈了参加比赛的事。The teacher talked to us about joining the competition.
解析:“talk to sb. about doing sth.” 表 “和某人谈做某事”,过去式。
他们正在谈论举办一场慈善演出。They are talking about holding a charity show.
解析:“talk about + 动名词” 表 “谈论做某事”。
8.(考点 8)
她和邻居相处得很好。She gets on well with her neighbors.
解析:“get on well with” 表 “和…… 相处得好”,一般现在时。
你和新同事相处得怎么样?How are you getting on with your new colleagues?
解析:现在进行时表 “正在相处”。
9.(考点 9)
他不会读也不会写。He can't read or write.
解析:否定句中用 “or” 连接并列成分,“can't + 动词原形”。
她不能走路也不能说话。She can't walk or speak.
解析:同上,“can't” 表 “不能”。
10.(考点 10)
这只狗很聪明,能听懂指令。The dog is very clever and understands many commands.
解析:“clever” 表 “聪明的”,“understands” 表 “理解”,第三人称单数。
她理解这个问题的严重性。She understands the seriousness of the problem.
解析:“understands” 表 “理解”,“seriousness” 为名词 “严重性”。
11.(考点 11)
如果你需要帮助,我会帮你。I will help you if you need help.
解析:if 从句用一般现在时 “need”,主句用一般将来时 “will help”。
如果明天天气好,我们就去野餐。We will go for a picnic if the weather is fine tomorrow.
解析:同上,“主将从现”。
12.(考点 12)
因为他的帮助,我们才能完成任务。We were able to finish the task because of his help.
解析:“be able to” 表 “能够”,过去时,“because of” 表原因。
由于大雨,比赛被取消了。The match was cancelled because of the heavy rain.
解析:“because of + 名词” 表 “由于大雨”。
13.(考点 13)
科技使人们远距离交流成为可能。Technology makes it possible for people to communicate over long distances.
解析:“make it possible for sb. to do” 表 “使某人做某事成为可能”。
他的努力使赢得比赛成为可能。His efforts made it possible to win the match.
解析:过去式 “made”,“it” 为形式宾语。
二、真题演练答案及解析
1.(考点 1)B
解析:“volunteers to help” 表 “自愿帮助病人”,“volunteer to do sth.” 结构,故选 B。
2.(考点 2)B
解析:“by himself” 表 “独自”,反身代词与主语一致,故选 B。
3.(考点 3)B
解析:“thank you for helping do” 表 “感谢你帮老人做家务”,“for + 动名词”,“help do” 结构,故选 B。
4.(考点 4)A
解析:“makes a big difference” 表 “对人们生活产生很大影响”,一般现在时,主语为单数,故选 A。
5.(考点 5)A
解析:“were excited about” 表 “对暑假感到兴奋”,“excited” 修饰人,“about” 表 “关于”,故选 A。
6.(考点 6)D
解析:宾语从句用陈述语序,一般过去时 “where I lived”,故选 D。
7.(考点 7)B
解析:“talking about setting up” 表 “谈论建立新俱乐部”,“about + 动名词”,“set up” 表 “建立”,故选 B。
8.(考点 8)B
解析:“gets on well with” 表 “和弟弟相处得好”,固定短语,故选 B。
9.(考点 9)C
解析:“couldn't read or” 表 “五岁时不会读也不会写”,过去时,否定句用 “or”,故选 C。
10.(考点 10)A
解析:“clever” 表 “聪明的”,“many” 修饰可数名词 “words”,故选 A。
11.(考点 11)B
解析:“will send...if she arrives” 表 “她到了会发消息”,“主将从现”,故选 B。
12.(考点 12)A
解析:“because of their support” 表 “因为他们的支持”,“because of + 名词”,故选 A。
13.(考点 13)B
解析:“makes it possible for us to finish” 表 “使我们完成项目成为可能”,“it” 作形式宾语,故选 B。
三、当堂检测答案及解析
单项选择
B
解析:“volunteers to help” 表 “自愿帮助医院里的病人”,“volunteer to do sth.” 结构,故选 B。
A
解析:“at the age of six” 表 “在六岁时”,固定短语,故选 A。
C
解析:“thank you for helping” 表 “感谢你帮我学英语”,“for + 动名词”,故选 C。
A
解析:“makes a difference” 表 “新老师对我们的学习产生影响”,一般现在时,故选 A。
B
解析:宾语从句用陈述语序 “when he will attend”,故选 B。
用所给单词的正确形式填空
to volunteer
解析:“decided to volunteer” 表 “决定去动物收容所做志愿者”,“decide to do sth.”。
herself
解析:“look after herself” 表 “照顾自己”,反身代词与主语一致。
giving
解析:“thanks for giving” 表 “感谢给我建议”,“for + 动名词”。
makes
解析:“your kindness makes” 表 “你的善良对我的生活产生影响”,一般现在时,主语为单数。
excited
解析:“were excited” 表 “对好消息感到兴奋”,“excited” 修饰人。
whom
解析:“know whom he is talking to” 表 “知道他在和谁说话”,whom 作宾语。
organizing
解析:“talking about organizing” 表 “谈论组织慈善活动”,“about + 动名词”。
rains; will stay
解析:if 从句用一般现在时 “rains”,主句用一般将来时 “will stay”,“主将从现”。
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