Unit 1 Our living planet Extended reading 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)选修第一册

牛津译林版高中英语学程一课件 Unit 1 Our living planet Extended reading Page 11-12 Inside the Earth 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 【What】本板块包含两篇阅读文章。一篇是杂志文章，重点介绍探索地球内部的挑战和好处。另一篇是图配文的非连续性文本，描述在地球内部不同深度的情况，进一步揭示地球的内部构造及其特点。 【Why】本板块采用多模态语篇的形式，引导学生进一步了解我们栖居的星球，理解探索地球的意义，帮助他们积累地理学科知识，激励他们探究如何合理开发和利用地下资源来造福人类。 【How】本板块两个语篇的呈现形式不同，但共同特点是以图文并茂的形式介绍地球的内部构造。两个语篇以设问引入话题，激发阅读兴趣。第一个语篇结构清晰，在文字阐述中配有地球由表及里的剖面图，有助于读者对文本内容的理解。第二个语篇以两只鼹鼠去地心的旅程为主线，以连环画的形式描写地球的内部构造及其特点。作者借助数字与图片，更直观地将自上而下的空间结构呈现在读者面前。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. summarize the main idea of the science magazine article; 2. grasp the writing technique of using spatial order to describe things; 3. identify the effect of presenting the depths of the Earth in the form of a comic strip; 最深处；深渊；极限 4. critically analyse the measure of drilling a hole through the Earth’s crust (地壳 )and into the mantle(地幔); 5.appreciate the scientific spirit of scientists. Read the article and comic strip from a science magazine about the inside of the Earth. Inside the Earth Have you ever wondered what lies beneath your feet? I don’t mean the floor of your apartment, or the pavement you walk on, but rather what the Earth is actually made of. Unfortunately, we cannot crack the Earth open like an egg, so much of what scientists know about the Earth’s internal structure is based on analysing earthquake waves. rather （提出不同或相反的观点）相反，反而，而是 To find out more about the Earth’s make-up, scientists have drilled very deep holes but none have reached the mantle as yet. The intense pressure and heat inside the Earth can close up a deep hole or break a drill. Choosing the right place to drill is also not easy. 为了进一步弄清楚地球的构成，科学家已经钻了非常深的洞，但至今还没有一个到达地幔。地球内部的巨大压力和热量会堵上深洞或破坏钻机。选择正确的钻洞地点也并非易事。 make-up组成成分；构成方式 in·tense  /ɪnˈtens/ 很大的；十分强烈的，=extreme close (sth) up(使)变狭窄;(尤指临时)关门停业,锁上门;(使)靠拢,靠紧;避而不谈(思想感情);(伤口)愈合 However, within a few years, scientists are hoping to drill into the mantle, which will help us better understand the geology of the Earth. Studying the inside of the Earth has other benefits too. Some scientists are looking at exciting possibilities for life above ground. It has been discovered that under certain extreme conditions of pressure and temperature, water forms ice cages that trap hydrogen inside.This may help solve the storage problem of hydrogen and pave the way for cars to run on hydrogen fuel. Other scientists hope that research into microorganisms deep inside the Earth would cast light on the origin of life. Almost every living thing on our planet depends on energy from the sun. However, the microorganisms in a gold mine of South Africa survive where the sun never shines, relying on energy from certain rocks. Therefore, if life on the Earth can survive deep underground without sunlight, could life also be thriving beneath the surface of Mars? cast/shed/throw light on sth使（问题等）较容易理解 thrive/θraɪv/ 兴旺发达;繁荣;蓬勃发展;旺盛;茁壮成长, The next time you take a walk, think about the importance of what lies beneath your feet. Surely, a study of the inside of our planet would lead to exciting and enlightening discoveries, and benefit all who walk upon it.下次你散步的时候，想想你脚下之物的重要性。毫无疑问，对我们星球内部的研究会带来激动人心和有启发性的发现，会惠及所有行走在其上的人们。 sure·ly/ˈʃʊəli/ adv.  无疑；必定;（对自己的话很有把握，希望他人同意）想必 Journey to the centre of the Earth What might we find if we could dig into the ground, and make a fantastic journey to the centre of the Earth? Man has wondered about it, written about it and made films about it. Why don’t we go down, down, down … with Bucket and Spade to find out?如果我们能凿进地面，开启一趟前往地心的奇妙旅行，我们会发现什么呢？人类一直对此好奇，写过作品，拍过电影。我们为什么不跟小桶和小铲一起，向下挖，向下挖，向下挖……去寻找答案呢？ bucket  /ˈbʌkɪt/ （有提梁的）桶 spade /speɪd/ 锹；铲 4 metres: There are no more earthworms. What? No worms! That’s my lunch gone … 122 metres: We leave behind the deepest known tree roots of the wild fig tree of South Africa. 2,400 metres: The deepest underground laboratory, at Jinping, China, is passed.(我们)经过了位于中国锦屏山的最深的地下实验室。 earth·worm  /ˈɜːθwɜːm/ 蚯蚓 gone  /ɡɒn/不复存在；一去不复返 leave sb/sth behind比…取得好得多的进展;把…抛在后面;超过;永久离开(某人、某地或某国) 30,000 metres: We are now at the boundary between the Earth’s crust and the mantle below. Here the pressure is like 131 elephants forming a tower on our head! Now, I’m really getting a headache! 150,000 metres: We are at the place where diamonds were formed between 1 and 3 billion years ago and then swept up to the surface.我们正在 10 亿至 30 亿年前钻石形成并被带到地表的地方。 sweep快速地带到;（迅猛地）推送，吹走，冲走，带走 750,000 metres: We have reached the lower mantle and have 3,280 elephants standing on our head! 2.9 million metres: We are about to head into the Earth’s core. We now have about 17,000 elephants balanced on our head! 6 million metres: We have reached our objective. We are now at the centre of the Earth with over 47,000 elephants on our head! But not to worry, it’s over 6,000℃ here and so we were all cooked a long time ago! balance (sth) (on sth)使（在某物上）保持平衡；立稳 Flattened and cooked! Whose idea was this? 被压扁了，被烤熟了！这到底是谁的主意呀？ flat·ten /ˈflætn/ （使）变平;把…弄平;摧毁,推倒,弄倒(建筑物、树木等);轻易击败;击倒；打倒 A. Write a summary of the science magazine article. Use the following ideas to help you. • The Earth’s internal structure • Ways to learn about the inside of the Earth • Challenges of studying the inside of the Earth • Benefits of the study The internal structure of the Earth is made up of the crust, mantle and core. Scientists learn what the inside of the Earth is like by analysing earthquake waves. They are also trying to drill very deep holes into the Earth to discover more information. However, this is challenging due to the Earth’s intense pressure and heat, as well as the difficulty in choosing the right place to drill. Studying the inside of the Earth has various advantages. It not only enables us to gain a better understanding of the geology of the Earth, but also opens up many possibilities for life above ground. For example, by looking deep down beneath the Earth, scientists may learn how to store hydrogen safely. They may also gain new insights into the origin of life, which might help answer questions whether life could be found on Mars. B.Why does the author present the depths of the Earth in the form of a comic strip? What effect does it have on the reader? The author tries to visualize the information by using a comic strip, which makes it easier for the reader to understand what the Earth is like from the surface to the centre. The characters in the comic strip, two moles, are given human characteristics and make amusing comments. This adds a humorous touch to the text and immediately attracts the reader’s attention. touch作风；风格；手法 mole  /məʊl/鼹鼠（体小,视力极差,居住在挖掘的地道） C. Do you think it is wise for scientists to drill a hole through the Earth’s crust and into the mantle? Why or why not? Yes, I think it is a good idea because understanding what lies beneath our feet could help us solve many issues above ground. For example, earthquakes and volcanoes often spell enormous disasters for us. If scientists are able to learn more about what the inside of the Earth is like and better understand how these natural events occur, their discoveries could assist in better prediction methods and warning systems. spell招致，意味着（通常指坏事） No, I think it’s a terrible idea. Our knowledge of what lies beneath the surface is very limited so digging into the mantle could be a great risk. We have no previous experience, so we cannot foresee how the Earth would react to such an action. Our crust is already unstable, so won’t digging make it even more so? And if something does go wrong, the challenges of dealing with the consequences may exceed those of the cause. Better safe than sorry!小心不出大错；宁可事先谨慎有余，不要事后追悔莫及 ex·ceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ 超过(数量);超越(法律、命令等)的限制 1.What do you know about the inside of the Earth? The Earth is made up of three layers. The three layers vary greatly in size, composition, temperature and pressure. The crust is the solid outermost layer of the Earth. It is the familiar landscape on which we live: rocks, soil and the seabed. The mantle is about 2,900 kilometres thick and can be divided into two layers: the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The inner core is solid metal. Above the inner core is the outer core, a shell of liquid metal. 2.How is the comic strip organized? 3.What is the function of the pictures used in the article and comic strip? It is organized in spatial order, from the surface to the centre. Pictures grab the reader’s attention, explain difficult concepts and help them understand the texts better. 4.Why does the author use two moles as the lead characters in the comic strip? Because moles live underground all year round and are highly efficient diggers. Using the lovely moles as the lead characters to reveal the inside of the Earth is very visual and vivid. 5. What qualities can we learn from the scientists who are trying to drill a hole through the Earth’s crust and into the mantle? Drilling into the mantle is pretty tough. Scientists have actually tried to do it before,but failed. As they drill deeper into the Earth, they encounter high temperatures, possibly in excess of 538 degrees centigrade, and huge amounts of pressure—as much as 4 million pounds per square foot near the mantle. With that crushing force breaking the equipment, it is a challenge to keep it running, let alone pushing the materials being excavated back up to the surface. Despite all these challenges,scientists have never given up. They show great diligence in their work. Their determination and devotion to the cause of science enable them to continue with their work. Write a journal entry about the journey to the centre of the Earth from the perspective of one of the moles. I dug a deep hole in the ground. When I dug down to a depth of 4 metres, I found that no earthworms were there. I felt terribly sad that my lunch was gone. I dug deeper and deeper. Passing 122 metres, I saw the deepest tree roots of the wild fig tree in South Africa. I was so exhausted, but I didn’t stop digging. What surprised me was that at a depth of 2,400 metres, I saw the deepest underground laboratory, at Jinping, China. I entered the lab and wanted to find out what research was being conducted. When I dug down about 30,000 metres, I had a terrible headache. I could not bear the great pressure underground. Driven by my curiosity to reveal the mystery of the Earth, I dug with great effort. On my journey to the heart of the Earth, the temperature and pressure increased to the extent that I could not withstand them. I became flattened and cooked. I felt so uncomfortable, but I did not give up. At last, I arrived at the core of the Earth. What an unusual and adventurous journey of discovery I have made! $$