高考英语专题复习 专题一 时态与情态动词 清单-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高考英语专题复习 专题一 时态与情态动词 目 录 一、时态汇总 3 1.时态综述 3 2.四个一般体 3 ①一般现在时 4 ②一般过去时 4 ③一般将来时 5 ④过去将来时 6 3.三个进行体 8 ①现在进行时 8 ②过去进行时 9 ③将来进行时 9 4.三个完成体。 10 ①现在完成时 10 ②过去完成时 10 ③将来完成时 12 5.被动语态的时态 12 二、情态动词 13 1.Can/Could 13 2.May/Might 14 3.Should/Shall 15 4.Must/Have to 16 5.Will/Would 18 6.Need/Dare 18 7.情态动词+have done 19 一、时态汇总 1.时态综述 时态是一种动词形式，它是“时”和“体”的组合。 “时”有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分；“体”有一般、进行、完成、完成进行之别。 动词的动作可发生于四种不同的时间，表现四种不同的“体”，每一种“时+体”就构成一种时 态，所以英语动词共有16种时态，高中只要求掌握10种。 时/体 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 一般过去时 一般现在时 一般将来时 一般过去将来时 进行 过去进行时 现在进行时 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 完成 过去完成时 现在完成时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时 完成进行 过去完成进行时 现在完成进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时 2.四个一般体 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时 ①一般现在时 ◆ 表示经常性，习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语如 always，hardly，连用。 I go to school with my friends every morning. ◆ 表示主语具备的性格、喜好、能力、特征和状态。 I am good at speaking English. ◆ 表示客观规律、科学真理、格言警句。 Yesterday，the teacher said that light travels faster than sound. ◆特殊用法 一般现在时还可用在时间(when...)、条件(if...)、让步(although...) 状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来或表情态含义(出现will/shall/can/must) 或主句是祈使句，即“主将从现”、“主情从现”和“主祈从现”。 I will be really grateful if you give me the chance. 一般现在时还可以用在固定时刻表，通常现在表将来。常见的动词有：come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return，live 等。 The film starts at 2:00p.m. and will last for two hours. 电影下午两点开始，持续两个小时。 ②一般过去时 除在有明显的过去时间状语如 yesterday，just now，last…等情况下使用以外，若无明显时 间状语，但是在语境中能了解其是过去的之前发生的事。 -Come in，Peter.I want to show you something. -进来吧，彼得。我想给你看样东西。 -Oh，how nice of you!I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. -哦，太好了！我从没想过你会给我带礼物。 ③一般将来时 时间标志词：soon，this evening，on Sunday，tomorrow，in two days等。 ◆ will+do/be 现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势。 Fish will die without water. 鱼没有水就会死。 ◆ be going to do/be 表示“计划，打算要做某事”，还可表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断。 Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain. 看那乌云，要下雨了。 ◆ be about to do 表示“立即的将来”，因此该结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用。 The train is about to start. 火车就要开动了。 ◆ be to do 表示即将发生某事、安排做某事或者要求做某事 You are to go to bed and keep quiet，kids. 孩子们，你们要上床睡觉了，保持安静。 ◆ 进行时表将来 有某些表示转移的动词可以用现在表将来：arrive，leave，get，start，begin，stay，return，come，go，reach，walk，drive，fly … … I am leaving China in two hours. 我两小时后就要离开中国了。 ④过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，该时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语。常用的时间状语有：two days later，the following day，the next day等。 ◆ would/should + 动词原形 这一形式通常带有表过去将来的时间状语，多见于从句或间接引语中，主句 谓语多用过去时。 He said that he would help with my work. 他说他会帮助我工作。 ◆ was/were going to + 动词原形 这一形式表示过去的打算、计划或很可能要发生的事。 They told me that they were going to visit a factory. 他们告诉我，他们要去参观一家工厂。 ◆ was/were to + 动词原形 这一形式通常指按过去的计划、安排将在某个时间发生的事情。(从现在的 角度看，多数情况下已成为事实) He said that the sports meet was to take place soon. 他说运动会很快就要举行了。 ◆ was/were about to + 动词原形 这一形式通常指最近的过去将来时，有时表示“即将或正想做某事，突然发生了什么事” She said she was about to go out. 她说她要出去。 【特定场合的一般过去时可表示过去将来时】 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需要用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如： I didn't know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但当她来的时候，我会让你知道。 3.三个进行体 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时 ①现在进行时 肯定：am/is/are doing 否定：am/is/are not doing ◆ 表示现在(指说话人说话时))正在发生的事情。时间状语有：at present，now， at this time以及look，listen 等之类的暗示语。 The piece of music sounds familiar.Who is playing the piano? 这段音乐听起来很耳熟。是谁在弹钢琴？ ◆ 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。时间状语有these days。 I am practicing piano these days. 这些天我正在练习钢琴。(说话时并未在练，但最近在练) ◆ 与表示渐变的词连用，有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go 等。 It's getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和了。 ◆与always，constantly，forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩，可以是赞赏的，也可以是厌恶，遗憾等感情。 He is always making the same mistakes. 他总是犯同样的错误。 ②过去进行时 肯定：was /were doing 否定：was /were not doing ◆ 表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作。 Tom was playing games with his friends at 8'oclock on Sunday. ◆ 表示过去一段时间内的持续动作。 I was planning to go on a trip to Greece the week before last. ◆ 过去进行时表示感情色彩，与现在进行时相似。 They were always quarrelling. ③将来进行时 肯定：will/shall be doing 否定：will/shall not be doing ◆ 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语，soon，this evening，on Sunday，tomorrow，in two days，tomorrow evening，then. When he comes to my house tomorrow，I will be writing the report. ◆ 表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。 I think that she will be working on this until next morning. ◆ 表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测，并非人为安排。 After you take the medicine，you will be feeling much better. 4.三个完成体。 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 ①现在完成时 肯定：have/has done 否定：haven't/hasn't done 表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在。 (过发现影) 常用时间状语有：already，yet，by this time，so far，by now. I have spent all of my money so far. 到目前为止，我花光了所有的钱。 ◆ 表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在还可能持续下去。(过发持续) 常用的时间状语有： up to now，so far，in the past/last few years，since + 时间点，for+ 时间段。 I have been in the library for a whole morning. 我在图书馆呆了一个上午。 ②过去完成时 肯定：had done 否定：had not done ◆ 由时间状语来判定 by+ 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 我昨晚九点前读完了那本小说。 by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned two thousand words by the end of last term. 上学期结束时我们已经学会了2000个单词。 before+ 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在上星期三之前，他们已经种了600棵树。 ◆ 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动 作，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。 She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她以前看过这部电影。 ◆ 与现在完成时一样，过去完成时也可以应用到下面这两种句型中，主句为 一般过去时，从句中常用过去进行时 This/That/It was the first/second/...time (that) This/That/It was the 形容词最高级+名词 (that)… 【如何快速锁定过去完成时】①先找时间状语和看是否有两种特殊句型；②没有则只要记住“过去的过去”后发生的动作用：一般过去时。先发生的动作用：过去完成时) ③将来完成时 肯定：shall/will+have +done 否定：shall/will+not +have+done ◆ 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。 Pick me up at 8 o'clock，I will have had breakfast by then. ◆ 表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间。 We will have been married a year on June 25th. 5.被动语态的时态 被动语态的时态体现在be动词上 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。被动语态由be+过去分词构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表： 时\体 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 is/am/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行 is/am/are being done was/were being done will/shall be being done would/should be being done 完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done 完成进行 have/has been being done had been being done will/shall have been being done would/should have been being done 二、情态动词 1.Can/Could 用法区分例句 用法 备注 例句 表能力 陈述句，表示过去的能力用could He can swim. He could swim when he was a child. 惊异、怀疑、不相信 否定、疑问、 感叹句 How can you be so careless? Can this be an excuse for not giving them help? 推测 不包括can的肯定形式 He can't be Mr.White，because I don't know him. I lost my purse.Where could I have put it? 客观可能性，翻译为“ 有时会 ” 仅限于can He is friendly，but sometimes he can be difficult to get along with. The northern part of China is cold，but sometimes it can be warm. “be able to do”含义：“能够做某事”(表示经过努力能达到的能力) The fire in the hotel spread fast but fortunately all of the people were able to run out. 酒店火势蔓延的很快，但幸运的是所有人都逃了出来。 2.May/Might 用法区分例句 用法 备注 例句 祝愿 祈使句 May you return in safety! 请求 might比may语气更委婉 May I come in? I wonder if I might speak to your son. 推测 通常用在肯定句和否定句中，翻译为：“ 或 许 ”“ 可 能 ” Helen may go on the trip with us，but she isn't quite sure yet. She might come to join us this afternoon. may as well/might (just)as well+ 动词原形 含义：“最好，倒不如，不妨” There is nothing to do，so I may as well go to bed. 没有事情可做，所以我还是上床睡觉吧。 If that is the case，we may as well try. 如果是这种情况，我们不妨也尝试一下。 3.Should/Shall 用法区分例句 Should 用法 备注 例句 应该 表示劝告或建议 According to the air traffic rules，you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding. 竟然 表示意外或惊讶 It's a pity that he should be so careless. 惊奇、怀疑、 不满 常用在expect，think，believe等词后 I never expect that you should come here. 委婉、客气 第一人称 I should advise you not to do it. 惊讶、埋怨 二三人称 Who should come to see you when you are in trouble! Shall 用法 备注 例句 征求意见 一三人称 疑问句 Shall we begin our class? Shall he come in，sir? 许诺 二三人称 You shall get my reply tomorrow. 命令 二三人称 You shall never walk into this room until you are over 18. 警告、威胁 二三人称 You shall be sorry for what you said one day，I tell you. 决心 二三人称 Nothing shall stop us from advancing. 法律法规 二三人称 No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area. 4.Must/Have to 用法区分例句 Must 含义 备注 例句 必须 肯定句 -Must I get to the station before three o'clock？ -Yes，you must.(No，you needn't.) 禁止 否定句 You mustn't make noises in the library. 推测 肯定句 He is absent today，and something must have happened to him. She must be at home now，as I just called her. 偏要、硬要、非得 肯定句 --Could I have a word with you，mum? --Oh，dear，if you must. --Who is the girl standing over there? --Well，if you must know，her name is Mabel. Must 提问否定回答不能使用mustn't，但可以用needn't/don't have to回答. -Must I finish my work now? -Yes，you must. -No，you needn't/don't have to. Have to 含义 备注 例句 必 须， 不得不 （1）和must 相近，但 must 表示的是主观看法 （2）have to强调客观需要，有被动接受的意思 I have to go now，because my mother is in hospital. have to 涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式 I had to work hard when I was your age. 5.Will/Would 用法区分例句 用法 备注 例句 表示意志，愿望或意愿 will指现在，would指过去 He is the man who will go his own way. They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 表示请求、建议 will接近命令的口气，用would 比用will委婉 Would you please tell me your telephone number? 表示功能 意为“能，行” That will be all right. Either pen will do. 用于叙述一种必 然的趋势 “ 将 … . ” Man will die. 表示主语的性质 和特征 一般不用would The door will not open. 6.Need/Dare Need 用法 备注 例句 情态动词 “ 需 要 ” 多用于否定句和疑问句 You needn't do it again. Need they fill in the form? 实义动词 多用于肯定句有时态，人称变化后接带to 的不定式 The room needs to be cleaned. Dare 用法 备注 例句 情态动词 “ 敢于 ” He dare admit this. Dare she ring him at the office? I am so afraid that I dare not move. 实义动词 有时态，人称变化后接带to的不定式 Only a few journalists dared to cover the story. 7.情态动词+have done 结构用法例句 结构 用法 例句 must have done 一定已经做了 They must have finished their work. can't have done 不可能已经做了 They can't have finished their work. could have done 可能已经做了或本来可能做但未做 You could have used my computer， because I didn't use it. may have done 也许已经做了 They may have finished their work. might have done 也许已经做了或本来可以做但未做 You might have used my computer because I didn't use it. Should/ought to have done 本来该做但未做 You should have studied hard. need not have done 本来不必做但做了 You need not have gone out. would rather have done 过去宁愿做但未做 I would rather not have gone there. would like to have done 过去想做但未做 I would like to have seen the film. had better have done 当时最好做了某事 You'd better have gone there. $$