内容正文:
专题09进行时态及语态
一、进行时态的概念
现在进行时态表示“正在进行的动作”或“现阶段持续的状态”的时态,强调动作的即时性和未完成性。
(一)基本结构
主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词(V-ing)
肯定句:I am studying English now.(be + doing)
否定句:She is not (isn’t) watching TV.(be动词后加not)
疑问句:Are you listening to music? (be动词提前)
过去进行时态表示“过去某个时候正在进行的动作”或“过去某阶段持续的状态”
构成形式
Was/were+V-ing
现在完成进行时态
表示动作的持续性,强调动作从过去持续到现在的一段时间(可能仍在继续)。
She has been studying English for three years.(她学英语三年了 → 现在仍在学)
表示动作的重复性,表示动作反复发生,且与现在有关联。
He has been calling you all morning.(他一早上都在给你打电话 → 动作反复发生)
表示动作的未完成性,动作尚未结束,仍在进行中(常隐含“所以现在……”的结果)。
I have been running, so I’m sweaty.(我一直在跑步 → 所以现在浑身是汗)
结构形式:
主语 + have/has + been + 动词-ing
have/has:助动词(have 用于 I/you/we/they;has 用于 he/she/it)
been:be 动词的过去分词(固定不变)
动词-ing:现在分词(表示持续的动作)
二、进行时态的核心用法
1. 现在进行时
核心:此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。
① 说话时正在发生:
She is cooking dinner now.(她正在做饭)
② 临时性安排/趋势:
He is studying hard this month.(他本月在努力学习)
标志词:now, at the moment, currently, this week等
2. 过去进行时
核心:过去某一时刻持续发生的动作。
① 过去特定时间点的动作:
I was sleeping at 10 PM yesterday.(昨晚10点我在睡觉)
② 背景动作(被另一动作打断):
When she called, I was watching TV.(她打电话时,我正在看电视)
标志词:at 9 o'clock yesterday, while, when, all morning等
3. 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous)
核心:从过去持续到现在的动作(可能仍在继续)。
① 强调动作持续时长:
They have been waiting for two hours.(他们已等了2小时)
② 解释现状的原因:
Her eyes are red because she has been crying.(她眼睛红是哭的)
三、进行时态的被动语态
现在进行时被动语态
结构:am/is/are + being + 过去分词
核心用法:
强调 此刻/现阶段正在被进行 的动作(主语是动作承受者)。
The house is being built this month.(房子本月正在建造中 → 现阶段)
Look! The car is being repaired.(看!车正在被修理 → 说话时)
过去进行时被动语态
结构:was/were + being + 过去分词
核心用法:
描述 过去某一时刻正在被进行 的动作(主语是动作承受者)。
The report was being written when the power went out.(断电时,报告正在被撰写 → 过去特定时刻中断)
Yesterday at 8 PM, the dishes were being washed.(昨晚8点,碗碟正在被清洗 → 过去时间点)
四、进行时态的注意事项
非延续性动词禁用
瞬间动作(如 finish, die, arrive)不可用进行时:
表示心理状态的动词(如 know, like, belong)通常不用进行时:
过去进行时必须搭配具体过去时间点 或 另一过去动作 作为参照:
I was eating dinner when you called.
与一般过去时区别
过去进行时:强调 动作未完成(进行中)
He was writing a novel last year.(未写完)
一般过去时:动作 已完成
He wrote a novel last year.(已写完)
现在完成进行时注意事项
非延续性动词(如 break, lose, start)需改用 现在完成时:
The cup has broken.
现在完成进行时:侧重 动作持续性
I have been painting the room.(强调刷墙的过程)
现在完成时:侧重 动作结果
I have painted the room.(房间已刷完)
总结:进行时态的核心在于 动作的持续性,使用时务必注意:
动词是否具备延续性
时间背景是否明确
被动语态是否合理
避开这些陷阱,时态运用会更精准地道!
五、进行时态能力提升练
1.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)If you are learning new words, it is wise to use small cards. If you (organise) your thoughts or notes, try a mind map. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.(16-17高二下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末)Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts .The plane (take) off.
3.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)Be quiet! The baby (sleep). (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.(2024高三上·全国·专题练习)—Have you ever seen Peter recently?
—Yes. He (ask) me how you (get) along with your job these days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.(2024高三上·全国·专题练习)—Are you still very busy?
—Yes, I (write) a report for the manager but it won’t take long. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)These are some old photos I found while I (look) through some things at Gran’s cottage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)My muscles (ache)and my knees were shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)He throws his arms and legs out as if he (fly), his eyes wide with excitement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)When I said someone was foolish, I (not refer) to you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.(20-21高一下·上海·期末)Did you predict that many students (sign) up for the dance competition? (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.(2025·江苏南京·一模)This graceful dialogue, which (flow) from brushed fingertips and travelling for thousands of years, is continuing to this day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.(24-25高三上·福建厦门·开学考试)Questions (arise) concerning the company’s financial records since last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)On the basis of research that he (do) for the past six years, Dr. Zimbardo estimates that about 40 percent of all Americans, around 84 million people, consider themselves shy.
14.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)I (look) for my dog for days and still haven't found him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)Her phone (ring) for ten minutes. Why doesn't she answer it? (所给词的适当形式填空)
六、进行时态能力检测
16.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习) (天气似乎正在变); dark clouds are gathering quickly. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
17.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习) (越来越多的学生使用数字工具) to improve their study efficiency and organize their notes. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
18.(2025高三下·全国·专题练习) (剪纸文化正在焕发出新的活力), attracting the younger generation to participate in and carry on its legacy. (用于说明文介绍传统文化) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
19.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)经过这次经历之后,我想非法捕杀野生动物的行为正变得越来越糟糕。(from bad to worse)
After the experience I think illegal hunting of wild animals .
20.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)随着生存环境越来越恶劣,许多物种正在逐渐灭绝。
With the living environment becoming worse and worse, many species .
21.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)孩子们看见远处游乐园色彩缤纷的游乐设施时, 眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
as they the amusement park’s colorful rides in the distance.
22.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)一个夏天,蔡斯和阿比盖尔在停好的船后面游泳,而他们的父亲史蒂文在甲板上钓鱼。(while作并列连词,表示“而”)
One summer day, Chase and Abigail were swimming at the back of the anchored boat on deck.
23.(2025高三·全国·专题练习) after 50years of business, I was heartbroken.
听说经营了50年的彩虹书店要关门的那天,我很伤心。
24.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)教室里的每个人都兴奋地在聊天而简独自坐在角落里。(while;形容词作状语)
Everyone in the classroom was chatting with great excitement in the corner, .
25.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)随着夜幕的降临,乌云在聚集。
As the evening was approaching, .
26.(2025高二上·全国·专题练习)Online shopping websites and social media apps
购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。
27.(2024高三下·全国·专题练习)They (已在这一地区搜寻)for three days and two nights, but haven’t found anybody. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
28.(2024高三下·全国·专题练习)I (一直想) to go to California ever since I was a kid.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
29.(2023高二·全国·专题练习)全世界的人或许都感到了最近几年气候一直在变得越来越温暖。
People around the world may feel that the climate has been in recent years.
30.(2022高三·全国·专题练习)In order to complete the task in advance, she (一直忙于工作) the work these days. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
31.(2025高二上·全国·专题练习)为抵御台风来袭,志愿者们正顶风冒雨,挨家挨户提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内。(regardless of)(汉译英)
32.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)她总是向我抱怨她在工作中如何受亏待。(汉译英)
33.(23-24高三上·上海金山·阶段练习)数字乡村建设促进了农村消费方式转变,让农民生活更便捷、更美好。(which) (汉译英)
34.(24-25高一上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)我现在写信来简要地介绍中秋节以回应你的上一封信。(response) (汉译英)
35.(24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习)国产品牌正在不遗余力地争取更大的市场份额。(share)(汉译英)
36.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)她时不时地偷眼看他是否在注意自己。(汉译英)
37.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)她洋溢着幸福。(汉译英)
38.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)在那个狂风暴雨的夜晚,海浪在肆意地拍打着,劲风在愤怒地咆哮着。(汉译英)
39.(24-25高一上·四川泸州·阶段练习)当她得知自己获得一等奖的消息时,她高兴地心怦怦直跳。(汉译英)
40.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)在日本学医期间,他对中国人的歧视感到伤心,因此作出一个大胆的决定去放弃医学寻求写作。(studying, making) (汉译英)
41.(23-24高三上·上海宝山·期中)我们期待着这么一天,每个人都可以有受教育的平等机会。(when)(汉译英)
42.(23-24高三上·上海·阶段练习)随着高考的临近,越来越多的学生为自己要选的大学和专业忧心忡忡。(concern) (汉译英)
43.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)如果你在这个星期天有空的话,我和所有的Talk and Talk工作人员都在等待你的到来。(if) (汉译英)
44.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)我写信是想和你分享上周五在花园里的美术课。整个课堂都充满创造力和喜悦。(汉译英)
45.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)因此我想知道有没有可能允许我们随意选择搭档。(汉译英)
46.(23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习)我很期待这部将在十一月上映的演员阵容强大的西班牙电影。(cast) (汉译英)
47.(23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习)尽管我们享有更高的生活水平,但长辈们仍然认为厉行节俭是一种值得弘扬的美德。 (practise) (汉译英)
48.(2024·上海浦东新·三模)为缓解人口老龄化的压力,中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease) (汉译英)
49.(23-24高三下·全国·课后作业)与过去相比,我们现在过着幸福健康的生活。(汉译英)
50.(2023高三下·全国·专题练习)为了减少垃圾数量和保护环境,越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。(汉译英)
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专题09进行时态及语态
一、进行时态的概念
现在进行时态表示“正在进行的动作”或“现阶段持续的状态”的时态,强调动作的即时性和未完成性。
(一)基本结构
主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词(V-ing)
肯定句:I am studying English now.(be + doing)
否定句:She is not (isn’t) watching TV.(be动词后加not)
疑问句:Are you listening to music? (be动词提前)
过去进行时态表示“过去某个时候正在进行的动作”或“过去某阶段持续的状态”
构成形式
Was/were+V-ing
现在完成进行时态
表示动作的持续性,强调动作从过去持续到现在的一段时间(可能仍在继续)。
She has been studying English for three years.(她学英语三年了 → 现在仍在学)
表示动作的重复性,表示动作反复发生,且与现在有关联。
He has been calling you all morning.(他一早上都在给你打电话 → 动作反复发生)
表示动作的未完成性,动作尚未结束,仍在进行中(常隐含“所以现在……”的结果)。
I have been running, so I’m sweaty.(我一直在跑步 → 所以现在浑身是汗)
结构形式:
主语 + have/has + been + 动词-ing
have/has:助动词(have 用于 I/you/we/they;has 用于 he/she/it)
been:be 动词的过去分词(固定不变)
动词-ing:现在分词(表示持续的动作)
二、进行时态的核心用法
1. 现在进行时
核心:此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。
① 说话时正在发生:
She is cooking dinner now.(她正在做饭)
② 临时性安排/趋势:
He is studying hard this month.(他本月在努力学习)
标志词:now, at the moment, currently, this week等
2. 过去进行时
核心:过去某一时刻持续发生的动作。
① 过去特定时间点的动作:
I was sleeping at 10 PM yesterday.(昨晚10点我在睡觉)
② 背景动作(被另一动作打断):
When she called, I was watching TV.(她打电话时,我正在看电视)
标志词:at 9 o'clock yesterday, while, when, all morning等
3. 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect
核心:从过去持续到现在的动作(可能仍在继续)。
① 强调动作持续时长:
They have been waiting for two hours.(他们已等了2小时)
② 解释现状的原因:
Her eyes are red because she has been crying.(她眼睛红是哭的)
三、进行时态的被动语态
现在进行时被动语态
结构:am/is/are + being + 过去分词
核心用法:
强调 此刻/现阶段正在被进行 的动作(主语是动作承受者)。
The house is being built this month.(房子本月正在建造中 → 现阶段)
Look! The car is being repaired.(看!车正在被修理 → 说话时)
过去进行时被动语态
结构:was/were + being + 过去分词
核心用法:
描述 过去某一时刻正在被进行 的动作(主语是动作承受者)。
The report was being written when the power went out.(断电时,报告正在被撰写 → 过去特定时刻中断)
Yesterday at 8 PM, the dishes were being washed.(昨晚8点,碗碟正在被清洗 → 过去时间点)
四、进行时态的注意事项
非延续性动词禁用
瞬间动作(如 finish, die, arrive)不可用进行时:
表示心理状态的动词(如 know, like, belong)通常不用进行时:
过去进行时必须搭配具体过去时间点 或 另一过去动作 作为参照:
I was eating dinner when you called.
与一般过去时区别
过去进行时:强调 动作未完成(进行中)
He was writing a novel last year.(未写完)
一般过去时:动作 已完成
He wrote a novel last year.(已写完)
现在完成进行时注意事项
非延续性动词(如 break, lose, start)需改用 现在完成时:
The cup has broken.
现在完成进行时:侧重 动作持续性
I have been painting the room.(强调刷墙的过程)
现在完成时:侧重 动作结果
I have painted the room.(房间已刷完)
总结:进行时态的核心在于 动作的持续性,使用时务必注意:
动词是否具备延续性
时间背景是否明确
被动语态是否合理
避开这些陷阱,时态运用会更精准地道!
五、进行时态能力提升练
1.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)If you are learning new words, it is wise to use small cards. If you (organise) your thoughts or notes, try a mind map. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are organising
【详解】考查时态。句意:如果你正在学习新单词,使用小卡片是明智的。如果你正在整理思绪或笔记,试试思维导图。两个if条件句均在描述学习过程中的建议,结构应保持一致。前一句使用现在进行时(are learning),后一句也应用现在进行时(are organising),强调正在进行的动作。故填are organising。
2.(16-17高二下·黑龙江鹤岗·期末)Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts .The plane (take) off.
【答案】is taking
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:女士们,先生们,请系好安全带,飞机要起飞了。设空处使用动词作谓语,此处使用移动性动词的现在进行时态表示将来。故答案为is taking。
3.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)Be quiet! The baby (sleep). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is sleeping
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:请安静!宝宝正在睡觉。这里描述的是当前正在进行的动作,因此需要使用现在进行时。sleep的现在分词形式是sleeping,构成现在进行时态需要使用助动词be,由于主语是The baby,是第三人称单数,所以使用is,故填is sleeping。
4.(2024高三上·全国·专题练习)—Have you ever seen Peter recently?
—Yes. He (ask) me how you (get) along with your job these days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 asked are getting
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:——最近你见过彼得吗?——见过。他问我你近来工作进展怎么样。由句意和语境可知,第一空应用一般过去时表示过去某个时间所发生的动作,故填asked;主句时态为一般过去时,按常规而言,从句也应用过去的某种时态,但此处是特殊情况,由从句中的时间状语these days可知,从句表示的是现在依然存在的情况,所以第二空应用现在进行时即are getting。故答案为asked;are getting。
5.(2024高三上·全国·专题练习)—Are you still very busy?
—Yes, I (write) a report for the manager but it won’t take long. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】am writing
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:——你还很忙吗?——是的,我正在给经理写一份报告,但不会花很长时间。设空处使用动词作谓语,根据问句中的still及答句中的won’t 可知,“写”这个动作在说话时正在进行,因此应用现在进行时。故填am writing。
6.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)These are some old photos I found while I (look) through some things at Gran’s cottage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was looking
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这些是我在奶奶的小屋翻看东西时发现的一些老照片。空处作while“当……时”引导的时间状语从句的谓语,look through“浏览,快速查看”是found“发现”这一行为的背景动作,是持续性的,用过去进行时表示正在查看过程中发现照片,主语是I,be动词应用was。故填was looking。
7.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习)My muscles (ache)and my knees were shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were aching
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:当我们拖着沉重的步伐下山回家时,我的肌肉疼痛,膝盖发抖。设空处在句中作谓语,结合后文的were shaking可知,此处应用过去进行时,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,强调动作的持续性,主语my muscles为复数,be动词应用were。故填were aching。
8.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)He throws his arms and legs out as if he (fly), his eyes wide with excitement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were flying
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:他张开双臂和双腿,好像在飞翔,兴奋地睁大了眼睛。as if引导的方式状语从句表示与现在事实相反,应用虚拟语气,且表示“好像正在飞翔”,使用过去进行时,be动词使用were。故填were flying。
9.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)When I said someone was foolish, I (not refer) to you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wasn’t referring
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:当我说有些人愚蠢时,我不是指你。根据前文When I said someone was foolish可知,此处应用过去进行时,表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。主谓一致,故填wasn’t referring。
10.(20-21高一下·上海·期末)Did you predict that many students (sign) up for the dance competition? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would sign
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:你是否预料到许多学生会报名参加舞蹈比赛?表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态,应用过去将来时。故填would sign。
11.(2025·江苏南京·一模)This graceful dialogue, which (flow) from brushed fingertips and travelling for thousands of years, is continuing to this day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has been flowing
【详解】考查时态。句意:这一段从指尖流淌,并传播了数千年的优雅对话,一直持续到今天。flow(流淌)作定语从句中谓语,与主语which(即先行词This graceful dialogue)之间是主动关系,根据时间状语“for thousands of years”可知,“流淌”这一动作从过去一直持续到现在,应用现在完成进行时,主语是单数名词,谓语用单数形式。故填has been flowing。
12.(24-25高三上·福建厦门·开学考试)Questions (arise) concerning the company’s financial records since last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 have been arising
【详解】考查时态。句意:从去年以来,有关该公司财务记录的问题不断出现。分析句子,根据时间状语since last year可知,此处应用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,并且可能还会继续下去。主语“Questions”是复数,故填 have been arising。
13.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)On the basis of research that he (do) for the past six years, Dr. Zimbardo estimates that about 40 percent of all Americans, around 84 million people, consider themselves shy.
【答案】has done/has been doing
【详解】考查时态。句意:根据他过去六年所做的研究,津巴多博士估计,大约40%的美国人,大约8400万人,认为自己害羞。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,根据for the past six years可知,该从句可使用现在完成时,表示已经进行六年,主语he为单数,因此可填has done。同时,此处也可表示这项研究在过去六年中一直进行可能还将继续,因此可使用现在完成进行时。故填has done/has been doing。
14.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)I (look) for my dog for days and still haven't found him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been looking
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:我已经找了我的狗好几天了,但仍然没有找到他。这里描述的是一个从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,因此需要使用现在完成进行时态。look的现在分词形式是looking,而have been looking表示从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作,符合句意。由于主语是I,所以使用have作为助动词,故填have been looking。
15.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)Her phone (ring) for ten minutes. Why doesn't she answer it? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has been ringing
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:她的电话已经响了十分钟了。她为什么不接呢?这里描述的是一个从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,因此需要使用现在完成进行时。ring的现在分词形式是ringing,而has been ringing表示从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作,符合句意。由于主语是Her phone,所以使用has作为助动词,故填has been ringing。
六、进行时态能力检测
16.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习) (天气似乎正在变); dark clouds are gathering quickly. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】It seems that the weather is changing
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:天气似乎正在变;乌云正在迅速聚集。根据汉语提示,表示“似乎……”用it seems that...,此处it为形式主语,that引导主语从句;表示“天气正在变”用 the weather is changing,描述动作现在此刻正在发生,故使用现在进行时。同时该空置于句首,开头单词首字母大写。故填It seems that the weather is changing。
17.(2025高三上·全国·专题练习) (越来越多的学生使用数字工具) to improve their study efficiency and organize their notes. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】A growing number of students are using digital tools
【详解】考查动词和名词。句意:越来越多的学生正在使用数字工具来提高学习效率和整理笔记。根据句意和中文提示可知,句首表示“越来越多的学生”应用A growing number of students,在本句中作主语,是复数;主谓一致,表示“使用”应用are using,为现在进行时,强调动作现在正在进行;表示“数字工具”应用digital tools,为名词短语作宾语。故填A growing number of students are using digital tools。
18.(2025高三下·全国·专题练习) (剪纸文化正在焕发出新的活力), attracting the younger generation to participate in and carry on its legacy. (用于说明文介绍传统文化) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】The paper-cutting is glowing with new vitality
【详解】考查短语和句子时态。句意:剪纸文化正在焕发出新的活力,吸引年轻一代参与并传承其遗产。空处为主句,主语“剪纸文化”译为The paper-cutting;“焕发新活力(glow with new vitality)”作谓语,表现在正在进行用现在进行时,译为is glowing with new vitality。故填The paper-cutting is glowing with new vitality。
19.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)经过这次经历之后,我想非法捕杀野生动物的行为正变得越来越糟糕。(from bad to worse)
After the experience I think illegal hunting of wild animals .
【答案】is getting from bad to worse
【详解】考查固定短语。中英文句子对比可知,空处需要补全“正变得越来越糟糕”,“变得”用系动词get,句子描述一个持续的、处于不断发展变化过程中的现象,时态为现在进行时态,结构为be doing。主语为“illegal hunting of wild animals”是第三人称单数,所以be动词用is。“越来越糟糕”可用固定短语from bad to worse。故填is getting from bad to worse。
20.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)随着生存环境越来越恶劣,许多物种正在逐渐灭绝。
With the living environment becoming worse and worse, many species .
【答案】are gradually dying out
【详解】考查副词和动词短语。对比中英文可知,空处表示“正在逐渐灭绝”,描述现在正在进行的行为,时态应用现在进行时,主语many species是复数,be动词应用are,“逐渐”可用副词gradually,“灭绝”可用动词短语die out。故填are gradually dying out。
21.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)孩子们看见远处游乐园色彩缤纷的游乐设施时, 眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
as they the amusement park’s colorful rides in the distance.
【答案】 The children’s eyes were shining with excitement caught sight of
【详解】考查动词时态。根据汉语提示,表示“闪烁着兴奋的光芒”用shine with excitement;表示“孩子们的眼睛”用the children's eyes;句子表述动作在过去的某一时刻正在发生,故使用过去进行时,同时第一空置于句首,开头单词首字母大写,故填The children’s eyes were shining with excitement;第二空中表示“看到”用动词短语catch sight of,句子表述过去事实,故使用一般过去时,故填caught sight of。故答案为The children’s eyes were shining with excitement;caught sight of。
22.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)一个夏天,蔡斯和阿比盖尔在停好的船后面游泳,而他们的父亲史蒂文在甲板上钓鱼。(while作并列连词,表示“而”)
One summer day, Chase and Abigail were swimming at the back of the anchored boat on deck.
【答案】while their Dad Steven was fishing
【详解】考查连词和动词时态。根据汉语提示,表示“然而”用while,作为并列连词连接前后两个句子;同时表示“钓鱼”用fish,此处表示动作正在发生,结合前文的were可知,此处应该使用过去进行时;表示“他们的父亲史蒂文”用their Dad Steven,其为单数,be动词用was。故填while their Dad Steven was fishing。
23.(2025高三·全国·专题练习) after 50years of business, I was heartbroken.
听说经营了50年的彩虹书店要关门的那天,我很伤心。
【答案】The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing
【详解】考查时态和从句。陈述过去的动作,为一般过去时,“那天”为The day,引导时间状语从句,“我”为I,作主语。“听说”为hear,作谓语,后接that引导的宾语从句。“彩虹书店”为 the Rainbow Bookstore ;“要关门”为过去进行时,表示过去进来,翻译为“was closing”。故填The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing。
24.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)教室里的每个人都兴奋地在聊天而简独自坐在角落里。(while;形容词作状语)
Everyone in the classroom was chatting with great excitement in the corner, .
【答案】 while Jane was sitting alone
【详解】考查连词和形容词。根据句意何提示的内容,第一空表示“而简独自坐”应为while连接的并列句,上下文进行对比;表示“简”为Jane作主语;表示“坐”为sit,结合上文的谓语动词was chatting可知,此处使用过去进行时,表示与上文动作同时进行,主语为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词为was sitting,第一空为while Jane was sitting;第二空表示“独自”为形容词alone作状语,所以第二空为alone。故填①while Jane was sitting②alone。
25.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)随着夜幕的降临,乌云在聚集。
As the evening was approaching, .
【答案】dark clouds were gathering
【详解】考查时态和动词。句子为“As”引导的时间状语从句,根据句中“was approaching”可知,主句应用过去进行时,“dark clouds”表示“乌云”,作主语,“gather”意为“聚集”,动词词性,“dark clouds”和“were”连用,“gather”的现在分词为“gathering”,故空格处应用“dark clouds were gathering”。故填dark clouds were gathering。
26.(2025高二上·全国·专题练习)Online shopping websites and social media apps
购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。
【答案】have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones
【详解】考查动词短语和固定句型。根据句意及所给句子可知,句子陈述动作对目前产生的影响,应用现在完成时,主语是复数,助动词使用have;“极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物”使用make it adj. for sb. to do sth.,it作形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语,形容词作宾语补足语;“极大地方便了”译为much easier,“人们”可使用the public,“花更多钱购买礼物”译为spend more on gifts,“为至亲至爱”译为for their loved ones。故填have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones。
27.(2024高三下·全国·专题练习)They (已在这一地区搜寻)for three days and two nights, but haven’t found anybody. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】have been searching the area
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他们已在这个地区搜索了三天两夜,但没有找到任何人。分析句子可知,空处应为谓语部分;动词短语search the area表示“在这一地区搜寻”,根据时间状语“for three days and two nights”及“but haven’t found anybody”可知,该句表示搜寻从三天前开始一直持续到现在,并且可能继续下去,故应用现在完成进行时;主语是“They”,谓语为复数。故填have been searching the area。
28.(2024高三下·全国·专题练习)I (一直想) to go to California ever since I was a kid.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】have been wanting
【详解】考查时态和动词。句意:我从小就一直想去加利福尼亚。根据句中“since I was a kid”和汉语提示可知,空处用现在完成进行时,表示动作一直在持续,且还将继续延续。故填have been wanting。
29.(2023高二·全国·专题练习)全世界的人或许都感到了最近几年气候一直在变得越来越温暖。
People around the world may feel that the climate has been in recent years.
【答案】getting warmer and warmer
【详解】考查固定短语。分析句子,句中缺少成分“变得越来越温暖”用get warmer and warmer, in recent years可知此处使用现在完成,同时该动作表示持续发生,故使用现在完成进行时。故填getting warmer and warmer。
30.(2022高三·全国·专题练习)In order to complete the task in advance, she (一直忙于工作) the work these days. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】has been burying herself in
【详解】考查动词时态和固定短语。句意:为了提前完成任务,她这些天一直忙于工作。空格处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语these days可知,应用现在完成进行时,结合汉语提示“忙于做”,应用固定短语bury oneself in,空格处应填has been burying herself in。故填has been burying herself in。
31.(2025高二上·全国·专题练习)为抵御台风来袭,志愿者们正顶风冒雨,挨家挨户提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内。(regardless of)(汉译英)
【答案】To defend against the approaching typhoon, the volunteers are going door to door regardless of the wind and rain, reminding the residents to move their potted plants indoors.
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。“抵御”使用动词短语defend against,此处表示目的,使用动词不定式作目的状语,“台风来袭”译为the approaching typhoon,现在分词approaching作定语,“志愿者们”使用名词复数volunteers,“挨家挨户”使用动词短语go door to door,此处表示正在进行的动作,使用现在进行时,“顶风冒雨”使用介词短语regardless of the wind and rain,“提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内”译为remind the residents to move their potted plants indoors,和逻辑主语volunteers之间是主动关系,使用现在分词作状语,故翻译为:To defend against the approaching typhoon, the volunteers are going door to door regardless of the wind and rain, reminding the residents to move their potted plants indoors.
32.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)她总是向我抱怨她在工作中如何受亏待。(汉译英)
【答案】She’s always grumbling to me about how badly she’s treated at work.
【详解】考查动词短语、被动语态及宾语从句。分析这个句子,可以将它处理为一个宾语从句,主句是“她总是向我抱怨”,从句是“她在工作中如何受亏待”。主句中,“总是”可以使用always+现在进行时,从而表达一种不满的情感,“抱怨”翻译为grumble about;从句中,“受亏待”也就是“被不好地对待”,翻译为be treated badly。分析句意,从句需要使用how来引导,从而表达“如何”这个意思。故整句可翻译为She’s always grumbling to me about how badly she’s treated at work.
33.(23-24高三上·上海金山·阶段练习)数字乡村建设促进了农村消费方式转变,让农民生活更便捷、更美好。(which) (汉译英)
【答案】The construction of the digital countryside has promoted the transformation of rural consumption patterns, which is making farmers’ lives more convenient and better.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知,“数字乡村建设促进了农村消费方式的转变”为主句部分,主语“数字乡村建设”译为the construction of the digital countryside,句首单词首字母大写,谓语动词“促进”可用动词promote,句子陈述过去的动作的影响一直持续到现在,用现在完成时,主语为单数概念,助动词用has,宾语“农村消费方式转变”译为the transformation of rural consumption patterns,故主句译为The construction of the digital countryside has promoted the transformation of rural consumption patterns;“让农民生活更便捷、更美好”使用which引导的非限制性定语从句,which指代前面的主句内容,作从句的主语,“让农民生活更便捷、更美好”可用“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,从句表示正在进行的动作,故谓语动词make使用现在进行时强调了影响的持续性和动态性,从句主语which整体内容被视为一个单一的概念或事物,be动词用is,宾语“农民生活”译为farmers’ lives,宾语补足语“更便捷、更美好”译为more convenient and better,故从句译为which is making farmers’ lives more convenient and better。故翻译为The construction of the digital countryside has promoted the transformation of rural consumption patterns, which is making farmers’ lives more convenient and better.
36.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)她时不时地偷眼看他是否在注意自己。(汉译英)
【答案】Now and then she peeped to see if he was noticing her.
【详解】考查时态、宾语从句、非谓语动词。表示“时不时地”用now and then ,作时间状语,句首单词,首字母大写。表示“她”用she,作主语。表示“偷看”用peep,本句描述过去的动作,故时态用一般过去时,谓语用过去式peeped。表示“看”用see,用不定式,作目的状语。表示“他是否在注意自己”用if“是否”引导的宾语从句,从句中:表示“他”用he,作主语;表示“注意”用notice,从句描述过去正在发生的动作,从句时态用过去进行时,从句主语为he,be动词用was。故翻译为:Now and then she peeped to see if he was noticing her.
37.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)她洋溢着幸福。(汉译英)
【答案】She was overflowing with happiness.
【详解】考查名词和固定搭配。“她”是she;“洋溢着”翻译为be overflowing with;“幸福”用名词happiness表示;句子描述过去的某种状态,用过去进行时,主语是she,be动词用was。故翻译为She was overflowing with happiness.
38.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)在那个狂风暴雨的夜晚,海浪在肆意地拍打着,劲风在愤怒地咆哮着。(汉译英)
【答案】On that dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling.
【详解】考查时态、名词。表示“在那个狂风暴雨的夜晚”用on that dark and stormy night,作时间状语,句首单词,首字母大写。表示“海浪”用wave,用复数形式,作主语,此处为特指,waves前加the。表示“碰撞”用crash,表示过去正在发生的动作,时态用过去进行时,主语为复数,be动词用were。用连词and连接两个句子。表示“风”用the winds,作主语;表示“咆哮”用howl,表示过去正在发生的动作,时态用过去进行时,主语为复数,be动词用were。故翻译为On that dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling.
39.(24-25高一上·四川泸州·阶段练习)当她得知自己获得一等奖的消息时,她高兴地心怦怦直跳。(汉译英)
【答案】When she got the news of her winning the first prize, her heart was pounding with wild joy.
【详解】考查状语从句,动词及时态。“当她得知自己获得一等奖的消息时”应用when引导时间状语从句,句首单词首字母大写,主语“她”应用代词she,“得知自己获得一等奖的消息”译为“get the news of her winning the first prize”,句子描述过去发生的动作,时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式形式;主句“她高兴地心怦怦直跳”中主语可用“她的心”her heart,“怦怦直跳”用动词pound,句子强调“她的心怦怦直跳”这个动作是在得知获奖消息那一刻正在发生的状态,时态用过去进行时,主语her heart为第三人称单数,be动词用was,“高兴地”可译为“with wild joy”。故翻译为When she got the news of her winning the first prize, her heart was pounding with wild joy.
40.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)在日本学医期间,他对中国人的歧视感到伤心,因此作出一个大胆的决定去放弃医学寻求写作。(studying, making) (汉译英)
【答案】While (he was) studying medicine in Japan, he was saddened by the discrimination against Chinese people, thus making a bold decision to quit medical school and pursue writing.
【详解】考查时间状语从句、状语从句的省略、时态语态、非谓语动词、名词、形容词。根据“在日本学医期间”可知,本句描述过去的动作和状态,故时态用一般过去时。表示“他”用he,作主语;表示“使悲伤”用sadden,与主语为被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,be动词用was,用by引出发出动作者;表示“对……的歧视”用discrimination against,discrimination作by的宾语,此处为特指,discrimination前加the;表示“中国人”用Chinese people,作against的宾语。表示“在日本学医期间”用while“在……期间”引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句中:用he作主语;表示“学习”用study,表示过去正在进行的动作,时态用过去进行时;表示“医学”用medicine,表示“在日本”用in Japan,作地点状语;当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时,可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词,故该从句可省略he was,保留studying。表示“因此”用thus;表示“做决定”用make a decision,用现在分词,作状语;表示“大胆的”用形容词bold,作前置定语,修饰名词decision;表示“放弃”用quit,用不定式,作后置定语,修饰decision;表示“医学院”用medical school,作quit的宾语;表示“寻求,追求”用pursue,与quit并列,用and连接;表示“写作”用writing,作pursue的宾语。故翻译为While (he was) studying medicine in Japan, he was saddened by the discrimination against Chinese people, thus making a bold decision to quit medical school and pursue writing.
41.(23-24高三上·上海宝山·期中)我们期待着这么一天,每个人都可以有受教育的平等机会。(when)(汉译英)
【答案】We are looking forward to a day when everyone can have equal access to education. / everyone can have an equal chance to receive education. /can have equal chances to be educated.
【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。根据所给中文句子以及题干要求可知,本句可用when引导的定语从句,“我们期待着这么一天”为主句,“我们”作主语,译为“we”,“期待着”用短语:look forward to,描述现在一直持续的动作,用现在进行时,“这么一天”译为“a day”作宾语;“每个人都可以有受教育的平等机会”用when引导的定语从句,修饰day,“每个人”作主语,译为“everyone”,“都可以”用情态动词can,“有受教育的平等机会”既可以用动词短语:have equal access to sth.也可用动词短语have equal chances to do sth,其中用have equal chances to do sth时,“受教育”,既可以用主动形式,译为“have an equal chance to receive education”,也可用被动形式,译为“have equal chances to be educated”。故译为:We are looking forward to a day when everyone can have equal access to education. / everyone can have an equal chance to receive education. /can have equal chances to be educated.
42.(23-24高三上·上海·阶段练习)随着高考的临近,越来越多的学生为自己要选的大学和专业忧心忡忡。(concern) (汉译英)
【答案】As the College Entrance Examination is approaching, more and more students are concerned about the universities and majors they will choose.
【详解】考查固定搭配、时态和从句。表示“随着…… 临近”应用“As...is approaching”;“高考”是“the College Entrance Examination”;“越来越多的学生”是“more and more students”;“忧心忡忡”常用“be concerned about”来表达;“自己要选的大学和专业”作“be concerned about” 的宾语,此处用定语从句来修饰先行词“the universities and majors”,关系词在从句中作宾语可省略,从句用一般将来时,即“they will choose”。句子描述事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为As the College Entrance Examination is approaching, more and more students are concerned about the universities and majors they will choose.
43.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)如果你在这个星期天有空的话,我和所有的Talk and Talk工作人员都在等待你的到来。(if) (汉译英)
【答案】If you are available on Sunday, I together with the whole Talk and Talk staff am waiting for your coming.
【详解】考查句子结构、条件状语从句。根据句意可知,本句描述将来状况。用if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果你在这个星期天有空的话”为If you are available on Sunday,用一般现在时表示将来,从句中为主系表句型;表示主语“我和所有的Talk and Talk工作人员”可用I together with the whole Talk and Talk staff,together with连接名词,构成介词短语,谓语动词和主语I一致;可用现在进行时表将来,表示“在等待你的到来”为am waiting for your coming,动名词作宾语。句首字母大写,故翻译为If you are available on Sunday, I together with the whole Talk and Talk staff am waiting for your coming.
44.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)我写信是想和你分享上周五在花园里的美术课。整个课堂都充满创造力和喜悦。(汉译英)
【答案】I’m writing to share with you the Art class in the garden last Friday.The entire class was full of creativity and joy.
【详解】考查时态和短语。第一句话时态为现在进行时,“我写信是为了分享”可翻译为I’m writing to share;表示“上周五在花园里的美术课”应用the Art class in the garden last Friday;表示“和某人分享某物”应用share with sb sth。故翻译为I’m writing to share with you the Art class in the garden last Friday。第二句话主语是“整个课堂”,应用The entire class;“充满”作句子谓语,可翻译为be full of,根据时间状语“上周五”可知,本句是一般过去时,主语为单数,故be 用was;“创造力和喜悦”应用creativity and joy。故第二句话翻译为The entire class was full of creativity and joy。故翻译为I’m writing to share with you the Art class in the garden last Friday.The entire class was full of creativity and joy。
45.(2025高三·全国·专题练习)因此我想知道有没有可能允许我们随意选择搭档。(汉译英)
【答案】So I am wondering if it is possible to allow us to choose the partner as we wish.
【详解】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。表示“因此”用so,表示“我想知道”用I am wondering,其结构为现在进行时,表示动作在现在的某一时刻正在发生;表示“是否”用if,其引导宾语从句;表示“有可能去做某事”使用it is possible to do sth,此处it为形式主语,不定式为真正的主语;表示“允许我们随意选择搭档”用allow us to choose the partner as we wish,此处allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人去做某事”,表示“选择搭档”用choose the partner,此处使用不定式结构作宾补;表示“随意”用方式状语从句as we wish。故翻译为:So I am wondering if it is possible to allow us to choose the partner as we wish.
46.(23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习)我很期待这部将在十一月上映的演员阵容强大的西班牙电影。(cast) (汉译英)
【答案】I am looking forward to the Spanish film with a distinguished cast which will be released in November.
【详解】考查介词短语、定语从句、时态。表示“期待”短语为look forward to,因句子表示的是当前一段时间持续发生的动作,谓语动词使用现在进行时;表示“演员阵容强大的西班牙电影”短语为the Spanish film with a distinguished cast,其中with a distinguished cast作后置定语修饰film;表示“将在十一月上映的”应用定语从句which will be released in November,其中使用了一般将来时的被动语态,故翻译为I am looking forward to the Spanish film with a distinguished cast which will be released in November.
47.(23-24高三下·上海·阶段练习)尽管我们享有更高的生活水平,但长辈们仍然认为厉行节俭是一种值得弘扬的美德。 (practise) (汉译英)
【答案】While/Though/Although we are enjoying higher living standards, old generations still believe that practicing economy is a virtue worth advocating.
【详解】考查让步状语从句、固定短语、时态。表示“尽管”可以用while, though, 或although引导让步状语从句;“享有”用enjoy表示,因句子表示的是当前一段时间一直在持续的动作,谓语动词使用现在进行时;“更高的生活水平”是higher living standards;“长辈们”是old generations;“厉行节俭”译为practicing economy;“一种值得弘扬的美德”是a virtue worth advocating。故翻译为While/Though/Although we are enjoying higher living standards, old generations still believe that practicing economy is a virtue worth advocating。
48.(2024·上海浦东新·三模)为缓解人口老龄化的压力,中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease) (汉译英)
【答案】To ease the pressure from the aging population, the Chinese government is now establishing more community agencies to support the lives of the elderly.
【详解】考查非谓语动词,时态和短语。分析句意可知,句子描述现阶段正在进行的动作用现在进行时,“为缓解人口老龄化的压力”作目的状语,用不定式形式,译为To ease the pressure from the aging population,主语the Chinese government“中国政府”,establish“建立”作谓语,用现在进行时,宾语“更多的社区”译为more community agencies,“来为老年人的生活提供支持”为目的状语,用不定式短语to support the lives of the elderly。故答案为To ease the pressure from the aging population, the Chinese government is now establishing more community agencies to support the lives of the elderly.
49.(23-24高三下·全国·课后作业)与过去相比,我们现在过着幸福健康的生活。(汉译英)
【答案】Compared with the past, we are living a happy and healthy life.
【详解】考查固定短语和形容词。根据句意,表示“与……相比”应为compared with,位于句首,首字母需大写,表示“过去”应为the past作宾语,所以“与过去相比”应为Compared with the past;表示“我们”应为we,表示“过着……的生活”应为live a ... life,表示“幸福健康的”应为happy and healthy为形容词作定语修饰名词life,结合句意,该句描述的是现在所处的状态,所以此处使用现在进行时,主语we为复数意义,所以谓语动词应为are living。故翻译为Compared with the past, we are living a happy and healthy life.
50.(2023高三下·全国·专题练习)为了减少垃圾数量和保护环境,越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。(汉译英)
【答案】
To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。“为了减少垃圾数量和保护环境”作目的状语,用动词不定式短语to decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment表示;“越来越多的政府”是句子主语,用more governments表示;谓语“要求”用动词require,结合句意,表示正在发生的事情,用现在进行时态,主语是复数名词,谓语也用复数形式,即are requiring;“人们”作宾语,用名词people;“回收材料”作宾语补足语,用不定式短语to recycle materials,表示要去做的事情。综上,全句译为:To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
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